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Notes

Notes to Chapter 1

1. C. J. Driver, 'Profile 8: ', The New Review, 18 (Nov. 1974), p. 21. 2. Lessing's Foreword to Lawrence Vambe's An I1/-Fated People: Before and After Rhodes reprintedas 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 4, 1 (Summer 1980), p. 11. 3. 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', p. 12. 4. Doris Lessing, 'Impertinent Daughters', Granta, 14 (1984), p. 54. 5. Nicole Ward Jouve, 'or mud and other matter - The Chi/dren of Violence', Notebooks/Memoirs/ Archives: Reading and Rereading Doris Lessing, ed. Jenny Taylor (: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982), p. 104. 6. Jouve, 'or mud and other matter - The ' ,p. 104. 7. Claire Sprague, ': In Whose or What Great Tradition? Approaches to Teaching Lessing's 'The Golden Notebook', ed., Carey Kaplan and Ellen Cronan Rose (New York: The Modern Lan­ guage Association or America, 1989), p. 78. 8. Walter Allen, Tradition and Dream: The English and American From the Twenties to Our Time (London: Phoenix House, 1964), p. 276. 9. Deirdre David, Intellectual Women and Victorian Patriarchy (lthaca: Cornell University Press, 1987), p. 163. 10. Sprague, 'The Golden Notebook: In Whose or What Great Tradition', p.82. 11. Tom Maschler, Declaration (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957), p. 12. 12. Lorna Sage, Doris Lessing (London: Methuen, 1983), p. 11.

Notes to Chapter 2

1. Olive Schreiner, The Story of an African Farm (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co, 1883), p. 228. 2. Sage, Doris Lessing, pp. 27-8. 3. Ruth Whittaker, Doris Lessing (New York: St Martin's Press, 1988), p.27. 4. Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p. 28.

125 126 NOTES

5. The original title is recorded by Eve Bertelsen, 'Tbe Quest and the Quotidian: Doris Lessing in South Africa', In Pursuit o[ Doris Lessing: Nine Nations Reading, ed. Claire Sprague (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990), p. 44. 6. Lessing's overriding interest in white Africans in her and short stories is one element in her marginalisation by Zimbabwean readers, a situation analysed by Anthony Chennells in 'Reading Doris Lessing's Rhodesian Stories in Zimbabwe', In Pursuit o[ Doris Lessing, pp. 17-40. 7. Olive Schreiner, too, exploited the power of dreams, especially as a key to mystical experience. She published a book called Dreams in 1891. 8. Schreiner, The Story o[ an A[rican Farm, p. 200. 9. George Levine, The Realistic Imagination: English Fiction [rom Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p. 56. 10. Schreiner, The Story o[ an A[rican Farm, p. 8. 11. George Levine has convincingly argued for realism's ability to accommodate such expansion: The Realistic Imagination, p. 56. 12. Nancy Bazin, 'Tbe Moment of Revelation in and Comparable Moments by Two Modernists', Modern Fiction Studies, Doris Lessing Number, vol. 26, no. 1 (Spring 1980), p. 87. 13. Bazin, 'Tbe Moment of Revelation', p. 95.

Notes to ehapter 3

1. Susan BrownmiIIer, "'Best Battles Are Fought by Men and Women Together"', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, eds Claire Sprague and Virginia Tiger (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1986), p. 220. 2. Virginia Tiger, 'Candid Shot: Lessing in , April 1 and 2, 1984', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 221. 3. In "'Best BattIes Are Fought by Men and Women Together"', Susan Brownmiller quotes Lessing as saying 'I don't believe in getting married, unless you have children. I don't Iike marriage at all. I've had two of them', p. 220. 4. In 'Of mud and other matter - The Children o[ Violence' , Nicole Ward Jouve notes: 'Tbe first four volumes of The Children o[ Violence, though they are preoccupied with racial issues, though the existence ofthe many white characters who appear is based on the labour of the black Africans, ignore that labour', p. 99. 5. In 'Veldtanschauung: Doris Lessing's Savage Africa', Eve Bertelsen explores this issue using as central text. Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 37, no. 4 (Winter 1991), pp. 647-58. 6. Jenny Taylor, 'Introduction: Situating Reading', Notebooks/Mem­ oirs/ Archives, p. 6. NOTES 127

7. Margaret Drabble, 'Doris Lessing: Cassandra in a World under Siege', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 188. 8. Jean McCrindle, 'Reading The Golden Notebook in 1962', Notebooks/ Memoirs/Archives, p. 44. 9. Elizabeth Wilson, 'Yesterday's Heroines: On Rereading Lessing and de Beauvoir', Notebooks/Memoirs/Archives, p. 57. 10. Lee T. Lemon, Portraits 0/ the Artist in Contemporary Fiction (Lineoln: University of Nebraska, 1985), p. 59. 11. Levine, The Realistic Imagination, p. 6. 12. N. Katherine Hayles, Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contempor­ ary Literature and Science (Ithaca: Comell University Press), 1990, p. 265. 13. Hayles, Chaos Bound, pp. 246-7. 14. Taylor, 'Introduction: Situating Reading', p. 9. 15. Rachel Brownstein, Becoming a Heroine: Reading About Women in Novels (New York: Viking Press, 1982), p. 26. 16. Virginia Woolf, 'Professions for Women', Women and Writing, ed. MicheIe Barrett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), pp. 61-2. 17. Margaret Moan Rowe, 'Muriel Spark and the Angel of the Body', Critique (Spring 1987), pp. 167-76. 18. Many readers of Lessing's work have made comparisons between sexual maps drawn by Lawrence and Lessing. One of the most interesting comparisons is Mark Spilka's in 'Lessing and Lawrence: The Battle of the Sexes', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, pp. 69-86.

Notes to Cbapter 4

1. Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 59. 2. Roberta Rubenstein marks this doubleness when she notes: 'The novel unfolds on two levels simultaneously: the literal and the phenom­ enal traces the development of events in the macrocosm, the world of other people, while the symbolic plane connects those events to the microcosm of Martha's own consciousness.' The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing: Breaking the Forms 0/ Consciousness (Urbana: University of IIlinois Press, 1979), p. 130. 3. Jeannette King, Doris Lessing (London: Edward Amold, 1989), p.26. 4. , 'Paradise Regained', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p.200. 5. Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction (London: Ark Paperbacks, 1985), p. 175. 6. Gordon S. Haight, George Eliot: A Biography (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), p. 36. 128 NOTES

7. George Eliot, 'Silly Novels by Lady Novelists', Essays 0/ George Eliot, ed. Thomas Pinney (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963), p.31O. 8. Eliot, Essays, p. 314. 9. Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots, p. 181. 10. Gillian Beer, Darwin's Plots, p. 184.

Notes to Chapter 5

I. R. D. Laing, 'Preface to the Pelican Edition', The Divided Self(New York: Penguin Books, 1965), p. 11. 2. 'The Sufi Path' quoted by , The Way 0/ the Sufi (New York: Penguin Books, 1974), p. 295. 3. Joan Didion, 'Review of Briefing /or aDescent Into Helf, Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 194. 4. Lawrence, Leiters, vol. 11, ed. George Zytaruk and James Boulton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 183. 5. Rubenstein, The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing, p. 178. 6. Katherine Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe 0/ Doris Lessing: A Study in Narrative Technique (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985), p. 34. 7. Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe, p. 34. 8. Betsy Draine, Substance Under Pressure: Artistic Coherence and Evolving Form in the Novels 0/ Doris Lessing (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983), p. 105. 9. Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 68. 10. Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p. 90. 11. Fishburn, The Unexpected Universe, p. 13. 12. Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 76.

Notes to Chapter 6

I. W. B. Yeats, 'Under Ben Bulben', Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1956), p. 344. 2. Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 77. 3. Jouve, 'Of mud and other matter - The Children 0/ Violence' , pp. 124-5. 4. Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p. 99. 5. Claire Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing: Narrative Patterns 0/ Doubling and Repetition (Chapel Hili: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), p. 174. NOTES 129

6. The Radieal Imagination and the Liberal Tradition: Interviews with English and Ameriean Novelists, ed. Heide Ziegler and Christopher Bigsby (London: Junction Books, 1982), p. 203. 7. I am aware that Lessing moves agilely away from the question of what she herself believes about the world she has created in Canopus in Argos. See, for example, her 'Preface' to The Sirian Experiments. 8. Sage, Doris Lessing, p. 82. 9. (the hurt) was originally called Rohanda (the fruitful). 10. Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p. 174. 11. Fishburn, The Unexpeeted Universe, p. 99. 12. Marsha Rowe, '''If you mate a swan and a gander, who will ride?"', NotebooksJMemoirsJArehives, p. 197. 13. Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p. 164. 14. King, Doris Lessing, p. 82. 15. Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p. 132. 16. Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p. 121. 17. Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p. 176 18. Fishburn, The Unexpeeted Universe, p. 133.

Notes to Chapter 7

I. Robert Frost, 'Desert Places', The Poetry 01 Robert Frost, ed. Edward Connery Lathem (New Y ork: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975), p. 296. 2. Bigsby, The Radical Imagination and the Liberal Tradition, pp. 204-5. 3. Judith Kegan Gardiner, Rhys, Stead, Lessing, and the Polities 01 Empathy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989), p. 119. 4. Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p. 120. 5. Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p. 122. 6. Whittaker, Doris Lessing, p. 129. 7. Draine, Substanee Under Pressure, p. 167. 8. Joseph Conrad, The Seeret Agent (New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1953), p.ll. 9. Sprague, Rereading Doris Lessing, p. 112. 10. Hans-Peter Rodenberg, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, vol. 13, no. 1 (Summer 1989), p. 3. 11. Rodenberg, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview With Doris Lessing', p. 3. 12. Dee Seligman, 'In Pursuit ofDoris Lessing', Approaehes to Teaehing Lessing's Golden Notebook, p. 21. 130 NOTES

Notes to ehapter 8 1. John Leonard otTers a more negative view of Lessing's aim which in 'The Spacing Out of Doris Lessing', he describes as her attempt 'to bully the reader', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 205. 2. Eve Bertelsen, 'Who is it who says "1"7: The Persona of a Doris Lessing Interview', Doris Lessing: The Alchemy 0/ Survival, ed. Carey Kaplan and Ellen Cronan Rose (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1988), p. 173. 3. Ellen Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 214. 4. Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', p. 213. 5. Jonathan Yardley, 'Lessing Is More: An "Unknown" Author and the Success Syndrome', Critical Essays on Doris Lessing, p. 215. 6. Goodman, 'The Doris Lessing Hoax', p. 214. 7. Eve Bertelsen, 'Interview with Doris Lessing (London, 9 January 1984)', Doris Lessing, ed. Eve Bertelsen (Johannesburg: McGraw-HiII, 1985), p. 97. 8. Susan Stamberg, 'An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing News/etter, vol. 8, no. 2 (Fall 1984) p. 4. 9. Bertelsen, 'Interview with Doris Lessing (London, 9 January 1984)', p.93. 10. Ellen Cronan Rose, 'From Supermarket to Schoolroom', In Pursuit 0/ Doris Lessing, p. 81. Seleet Bibliography

Allen, Walter, Tradition and Dream: The English and Ameriean Novel From the Twenties to Dur Time (London: Phoenix House, 1964). Bazin, Nancy, 'The Moment of Revelation in Martha Quest and Comparable Moments by Two Modernists', Modern Fietion Studies 26, no. 1 (Spring 1980), pp. 87-98. Beer, Gillian, Darwin 's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fietion (London: Ark Paperbacks, 1985). Bertelsen, Eve (ed.), Doris Lessing (Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill, 1985). Bertelsen, Eve, 'Veldtanschauung: Doris Lessing's Savage Afri­ ca', Modern Fietion Studies, 37, no. 4 (Winter 1991), pp. 647- 58. Brownstein, Rache!, Beeoming a Heroine: Reading About Women in Novels (New York: The Viking Press, 1982). Conrad, Joseph, The Seeret Agent (New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1953). David, Deirdre, Intelleetual Women and Vietorian Patriarehy (Ithaca: Comell University Press, 1987). Draine, Betsy, Substanee Under Pressure: Artistie Coherenee and Evolving Form in the Novels 0/ Doris Lessing (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983). Driver, C. J., 'Profile 8: Doris Lessing', The New Review, 18 (Nov. 1974), pp. 17-23. Eliot, George, Essays, ed. Thomas Pinney (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963). Fishbum, Katherine, The Unexpeeted Universe 0/ Doris Lessing: A Study in Narrative Teehnique (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985). Frost, Robert, The Poetry 0/ Robert Frost, ed. Edward Connery Lathem (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975). Gardiner, Judith Kegan, Rhys, Stead, Lessing, and the Polities 0/ Empathy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989). Haight, Gordon S., George Eliot: A Biography (Oxford: Clar­ endon Press, 1968).

131 132 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hayles, N. Katherine, Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Con­ temporary Literature and Science (lthaca: Comell University Press, 1990). Kaplan, Carey and Rose, Ellen Cronan (eds), Approaches to Teaching Lessing's 'The Golden Notebook' (New York: The Modem Language Association of America, 1989). King, Jeannette, Doris Lessing (London: Edward Amold, 1989). Laing, R. D., The Divided Self(New York: Penguin Books, 1965). Lawrence, D. H., Letters, vol. 11, ed. George Zytaruk and James Boulton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). Lemon, Lee, Portraits 0/ the Artist in Contemporary Fiction (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1985). Lessing, Doris, 'Impertinent Daughters', Granta, 14 (1984), pp. 52--68. Lessing, Doris, 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 4, no. 1 (Summer 1980), pp. 1 and 11-13. Levine, George, The Realistic Imagination: English Fiction /rom Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1981). Maschler, Tom, Declaration (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1957). Rodenberg, Hans-Peter, 'The Fifth Child: An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 13, no. 1 (Summer 1989), pp. 3--4. Rowe, Margaret Moan, 'Muriel Spark and the Angel of the Body', Critique, XXVIII (Spring 1987), pp. 167-76. Rubenstein, Roberta, The Novelistic Vision 0/ Doris Lessing: Breaking the Forms 0/ Consciousness (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979). Sage, Loma, Doris Lessing (London: Methuen, 1983). Schreiner, Olive, The Story 0/ an A/rican Farm (Chicago: Donohue, Henneberry & Co., 1883). Shah, Idries, The Way 0/ the Sufi (New York: Penguin Books, 1974). Sprague, Claire, Rereading Doris Lessing: Narrative Patterns 0/ Doubling and Repetition (Chapei HilI: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987). Sprague, Claire (ed.), In Pursuit 0/ Doris Lessing: Nine Nations Reading (New York: St Martin's Press, 1990). Sprague, Claire and Tiger, Virginia (eds), Critical Essays on Doris Lessing (Boston: G. K. Hall, 1986). Stamberg, Susan, 'An Interview with Doris Lessing', Doris Lessing Newsletter, 8, no. 2 (Fall 1984), pp. 3--4 and 15. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 133

Taylor, Jenny (ed.), NotebooksjMemoirsj Archives: Reading anti Rereading Doris Lessing (London: RoutIedge & Kegan Paul, 1982). Whittaker, Ruth, Doris Lessing (New York: St Martin's Press, 1988). Woolf, Virginia, Women and Writing, ed. MicheIe Barrett (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979). Yeats, W. B., Collected Poems (New York: Macmillan, 1956). Ziegler, Heide and Bigsby, Christopher (eds), The Radical Imagination and the Liberal Tradition: Interviews with English and American Novelists (London: Junction Books, 1982). Index

Allen, Walter 9 Graves, Rohert 64 Auden, W. H. 71 Hardwick, Elizaheth 36,41 Beer, Gillian 52, 54, 56 Hayles, N. Katherine 39,40 BerteIsen, Eve 112, 122 Bigsby, Christopher 81, Insan-i-Kamil 59 91-2,94 Bronte, Charlotte 111 Jouve, Nicole Ward 6,78,85 Brownstein, Rachel 41 Burgess, Anthony 71 King, Jeannette 52,86, 101

Carroll, Lewis 26 Laing, R. D. 59, 66 Conrad, Joseph, The Secret Lawrence, D. H. 61 Agent 111 Lemon, Lee T. 39 Lessing, Doris David, Deidre 9 'Afterword to The Story of Didion, Joan 60 an African Farm by Dostoevsky, Fyodor 60 Olive Schreiner' 5, 6, Drabble, Margaret 36 13,20,92 Draine, Betsy 66, 82, 85, 88, Briefing for aDescent into 99 Hell 24,60,62-7,73, Driver, C. J. 76, 105, 115 Canopus in Argos: Eliot, George 9-10, 52--6, 60, Archives 29, 78, 79, 109 81,82,92,93, 115, Daniel Deronda 10, 52--6 117, 120 Middlemarch 10 Children of Violence 6,29, 'Silly Novels by Lady 34, 35, 47, 48, 49, 52, Novelists' 53 56, 57, 59, 83, 91, 112 Fishbum, Katherine 65, 66, The Diaries of Jane 72,83,89 Somers 93,94, 117, Frost, Rohert 91 119 The Diary of a Good Gardiner, Judith Kegan 92 Neighbour 94-7, 106, Goodman, Ellen 117, 120 117, 118

135 136 INDEX

Lessing, Doris (cont.) The Sentimental The Fifth Child 4, 93, Agents 78, 80 103-9, 114 Shikasta 77, 78, 80, 115 The Four-Gated City 29, The Sirian 48-58, 60, 65, 68, 71, Experiments 78, 80, 80, 105, 115, 119 82 115, 116 Going Home 7 'The Small Personal The Golden Notebook 7-8, Voice' 7, 8, 35, 36, 11,29, 34, 36-45, 47, 62, 79, 86, 91, 111, 117 48, 62, 79, 92, 99, 112, The Summer Before the 114,115,117,119,122 Dark 60,67-70, 74 93, Lessing Newsletter, The 97-103 Doris 121, 122 The Grass Is Singing 3, 4, Lessing Society, The 12, 14--20, 30, 101-2 Doris 121 The Habit 0/ Loving 2-3 Lessing, Gottfried 11 If the Old Could. .. 94, 117 Levine, George 22, 39, 53 'Impertinent Daughters', 4 Lurie, Allison 100 In Pursuit 0/ the English, 49 'In the World, Not of It', 73 McCrindle, Jean 36, 37 'Laboratories of Social Murdoch, Iris, The Black Change', 98 Prince 41 , 25, 28, 31, 47-8 'Lessing on Zimbabwe', 1-2,3 Newquist, Roy 12 The Making 0/ the Representative tor Planet 8 47,82,86-9, Orwell, George 71 93, 116 Marriages Between Zones Three, Four, and Polycarp, St 26 Five 82, 83-6, 93 Proust, Marcel 26 Martha Quest 3, 19,20-4, 30,48, 52, 68, 111, 114 The Memoirs 0/ a Rhodes, Cecil 2 Survivor 60, 70-6, 77 Rodenberg, Hans-Peter 106 'My Father' 4--5, 77, 80 Rose, Ellen Cronan 122 A Proper M arriage 6, 11, Rowe, Marsha 84 24, 30, 31-5, 41, 48, 101 A Ripple from the Sage, Loma 11, 15,47,66, Storm 11, 13, 24--5, 76, 78, 81, 82 31,34,48 Schlueter, Paul 121 INDEX 137

Schreiner, Olive 2, 3, 8, 13, Turgenev, Ivan 26 14, 16, 19, 20, 22-3, 26 The Story 0/ an A/rican Vidal, Gore 52 Farm 14, 16-18, 19-20, 22, 23, 28 SeIigman, Dee 109, 121 Whittaker, Ruth 16, 70, 80, Spark, Muriel 95 95,98 Sprague, Claire 10, 80, 87, Wilson, Elizabeth 37, 40 88,94, 102 Wisdorn, Frank 11 Stamberg, Susan 121 Woolf, Virginia 31, 41, 95 Mrs Dalloway, 56 Taylor, Alfred Cook 1,2,4 'Professions for Taylor, Ernily Maude Wornen' 41-2 McVeagh 1, 2, 4 Taylor, Jenny 40 Yardley, Jonathan 119 Tolstoy, Leo 7, 61 Yeats, William Butler 77