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Chapter 5 Plan of Proposed Water Supply System

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Chapter 5 Plan of Proposed Water Supply System CHAPTER 5 PLAN OF PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) CHAPTER 5 PLAN OF PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 5.1 Water Intake Works 5.1.1 Selection of Water Intake Method This section reviews the various intake methods such as the intake well, pontoon, rail and canal types in order to decide the most suitable intake method for this Project. Table 5.1 Comparison of Intake Method Method Outline Image Intake well This method is commonly used in lakes and reservoirs. It is an option for vertical intake levels if some intake holes are made on the well’s wall. Even if the water level varies significantly a stable intake is expected. Foundation should be stable. The construction cost is higher than other methods if the water depth is large. Pontoon This method is proposed as a tentative facility, if construction on the reservoir is not possible. The pump and electrical panels are installed on a metallic float, which needs to be connected by wire to anchors. The location of the intake can be moved. This method is not suitable if the water level varies significantly. Installation is not difficult and the cost is economical. Inclined rail This method is proposed as a tentative facility, if construction on the reservoir is not possible. A rail is installed on the incline of the bank, and the pump position is moved to suit the water level. Installation is not difficult and the cost is economical. Canal Intake Water is taken from the existing irrigation canal, which is operated by the Irrigation Department. Prerequisite conditions for this type of intake are that approval to its use is required from ID and also that the required quantity of water can be discharged throughout the year. The existing irrigation intake well takes water from the basement sill; therefore water quality has the characteristics of lake bottom water, if the water level is continuously high. Construction cost is economical, but the construction period is limited in out of irrigation season. 5 - 1 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) The Irrigation Department, as management entity for the Mahakanadarawa and Wahalkada Reservoirs, considered intake methods for the Project, and decided that only the canal intake method is suitable because of the following reasons. - The Irrigation Department has experience that the construction of the foundations of intake wells damaged the bank when construction took place in 1986 at the Kantale reservoir. Therefore direct construction on the bank and inside the reservoir is not approved as of now. - Direct construction on the bank and inside the reservoir will be subject to an EIA Study, which will take time. - Many farmers, fishermen and persons concerned with environmental organizations are anxious about the new intake well, because of the perception that an excessive amount of water will be drawn out, thus affecting these stakeholders. The locations of the intake at the canal in Mahakanadarawa and Wahalkada tanks are selected in conjunction with the Irrigation Department and Water Board, with the distance from the banks of the reservoirs being more than 100m at high water level. The tentative locations for the intakes are shown in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2. Irrigation Canal Figure 5.1 Proposed Intake Sites for Mahakanadarawa Wewa 5 - 2 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) Irrigation Canal Intake to WTP Intake well for irrigation Figure 5.2 Proposed Intake Sites for Wahalkada Wewa Considerable challenges of this intake method from irrigation canal are as follows. (a) Aging risk of the facility Around 50 years have passed after construction of Mahakanadarawa Wewa, and approximately 40 years for the Wahalakda Wewa. Information of the aged reservoirs is available in the home page of “Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project (DSWRPP)” under the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management. The following 32 dams in Table 5.2 are designated to be rehabilitated by responsible organization. Table 5.2 Dams Designated to Be Rehabilitated Organization Dam Department of Irrigation 1) Parakrama Samudraya, 2) Minneriya Wewa, 3) Girithale Wewa, 4) Kawudulla Wewa, 5) Vendrasan Wewa, 6) Kanthale Wewa, 7) Nachchaduwa Wewa, 8) Nuwara Wewa, 9) Thissa Wewa, 10) Rajanganaya Reservoir, 11) Usgala-Siyambalangamuwa, 12) Hurulu Wewa, 13) Inginimitiya Reservoir, 14) Ridiyagama Reservoir, 15) Thabbowa Reservoir, 16) Nalanda Reservoir Mahaweli Authority 1) Bowathenna Reservoir, 2) Polgolla Diversion, 3) Victoria Reservoir, 4) Randenigala Reservoir, 5) Rantambe Reservoir, 6) Kothmale Reservoir, 7) Kala Wewa, 8) Kandalama Reservoir, 9) Dambulu Oya Reservoir, 10) Maduru Oya Reservoir, 11) Chandrika Wewa Ceylon Electricity Board 1) Canyon, 2) Castlereigh, 3) Lakshapana, 4) Norton NWSDB 1) Kalatuwawa Source： http://www.damsafety.lk/Information/List_of_dams.html 5 - 3 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) Mahakanadarawa Wewa and Wahalkada Wewa are not listed in Table 5.2. However, the condition of its concrete structure and mechanical devices has been observed to have significantly aged. There is possibility that the existing intake wells and installed mechanical devices at the gate may break, and if repairs are not undertaken promptly, then drinking water supply may be disrupted. Therefore, it is recommended that NWSDB make equipment like submersible water pump and generator available in case of emergency. (b) Measurement, Record and Control of intake discharge Water released for irrigation use from Mahakanadarawa Wewa and Wahalkada Wewa is controlled by the operators of Irrigation Department. This is performed using the sluice gate of the intake well, and discharge volume is measured by gate’s opening and reservoir’s water level. In the case of the Wahalkada scheme, a Parshall flume is installed near the small bridge to the temple. The Padaviya Irrigation Engineer’s Office said the discharge is examined with this device. Drinking water will be supplied based on the agreement between Irrigation Department and NWSDB. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for extracting water from Mahakanadarawa Wewa and Wahalkada Wewa for the Anuradhapura North Water Supply Scheme is in Article 3 shown in Table 5.3. Table 5.3 Memorandum for Extracting Water Year 2016 2034 Remarks Mahakanadarawa 6,700 m3/day 18,800 m3/day Amount in 2016 will be after completion of WTP Amount in long term plan will be after completion of Upper Elahara Canal Project Wahalkada 10,500 m3/day 28,800 m3/day In case of periods of exceptional water scarcity, Article 9 mentions that the Irrigation Department, Irrigation Management Division, NWSDB, Divisional Secretary, Member of Project Management Committee (established under the Irrigation Ordinance and chaired by the District Secretary) will hold a meeting and decide on water allocation rights. In conducting water management of the reservoirs with Irrigation Department, the measurement and record of the discharge and sharing of information and control of discharge issues should be considered. 1) Measurement and record of the discharge and sharing of information Water resource management of both reservoirs with Irrigation Department should be established 5 - 4 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) under a reliable relationship, thus it is recommended that accurate measurement of discharge should be made and information sharing between agencies be maintained regularly and/or periodically. Figure 5.3 shows image of the canal intake in Mahakanadarawa Wewa. For the irrigation canal, there is turn out device to the irrigation area in east side. Therefore, intake for drinking water will be down stream from this point. The condition of distribution should be clarified, and this entails the measurement of discharges of the following – the main canal at Q1, the branch canal at Q2, and the intake discharge for drinking Q3. In addition, feedback on this data should be provided to the operators of intake well and WTP. sluice gate Intake Well operation Q1 M Measurement Diversion 1 Q2 Intake to WTP M Measurement Q3 M Measurement P P Diversion 2 Q5 Q4 Figure 5.3 Schematic View of Intake Well for Mahakanadarawa WTP Figure 5.4 shows image of the canal intake in Wahalkada Wewa, which has a measurement device near the small bridge to the Temple. This Parshall flume has a standard size and the width of its throat section is 10’. The limitation of minimum and maximum discharge are as follows. - Max. discharge: 5.67 m3/sec - Min. discharge: 0.17 m3/sec By 2016, the water supply for drinking will be 0.12 (m3/sec) and the measuring device is not suitable for such a small dsichage. However, the required discharge for water supply will increase yearly, 5 - 5 Preparatory Survey on Anuradhapura North Integrated Water Supply Project Final Report (Main) sluice gate Intake Well operation Q1 Intake to WTP Existing Pershal Measurement Flume M Q3 M Measurement P Q4 P Figure 5.4 Schematic View of Intake well for Wahalkada WTP 2) Control of discharge The release of water for irrigation from the reservoirs is controlled by the operators of Irrigation Department. The required water is estimated by the gate’s opening and reservoir’s water level, and adjustments are made on the sluice gate of the intake well. It is expected that discharge volume for drinking water supply will not be controlled considering that requirements are minimal compared to that required for irrigation water, especially during the no-irrigation periods. Table 5.4 shows discharge in cubic meter per second. Discharge water for drinking in 2016 is only 3-6% of that discharged for irrigation. Table 5.4 Discharge for Irrigation and Drinking Water in 2016-2034 (unit：m3/sec) Scheme 2016 2024 2034 Irrigation Mahakanadarawa 0.08 0.11 0.22 0.3～3.0 Wahalkada 0.12 0.16 0.33 1.0～2.0 During periods when irrigation is required, the canal discharge will be composed of irrigation water and drinking water, and it may be necessary to partially allocate water for these two uses.
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