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ECOLOGICAL REPORT SERIES NORTHERN AGREEMENT MANITOBA

Identification, Collation and Initial _Evaluation of Historical Quality Data from the Northern Flood 1 - Agreement Area, Manitoba I (·

number 89 - 5

.. ,. > ,.�� NFAM-ERS / , 89-5 St�

nada IDENTIFICATION, COLLATION AND INITIAL EVALUATION

OF HISTORICAL DATA FROM THE

NORTHERN FLOOD AGREEMENT AREA, MANITOBA

Prepared by:

Lee Grapentine, Peter Seidl and Val Chacko Water Quality Branch Vestern and Northern Region Environment Canada

December 1, 1988 i

ABSTRACT

Towards accomplishing the objectives of the Federal Ecological Monitoring Program (FEMP), the Water Quality Branch has evaluated the existing water quality data for along the Churchill, Rat, Burntwood and Nelson in northern Manitoba. Data from various federal agencies and the International Nickel Company in Thompson are described in terms of sampling locations and dates, number of parameters measured, number of samples and sampling methods. For roughly half of the 200 stations recorded, water quality data were transferred to computer files on a VAX/VMS system at the Water Quality Branch, WNR. Printouts for most of these files are included. Procedure for locating water quality data from specific stations or regions in the NFA area is also discussed. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • i

LIST OF APPENDICES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iii

INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 1

IDENTIFICATION AND COMPILATION OF DATA. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 2

COLLATION OF DATA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • 5

INITIAL DATA EVALUATION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • . • • 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9

LITERATURE CITED • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10

FIGURE CAPTIONS • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12

APPENDICES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 iii

LIST OF APPENDICES

PAGE

1. Sources of water quality data for the NFA area ••.•..••..• 15

2. List of sources by stations in the Northern Flood Agreement

area ••••••. . . . . 19

3. Designators of stations in the Northern Flood Agreement area ••.• 24

4. Outline of water quality data from the Northern Flood

Agreement area •••••••••••• . . . . . O . 29

5. General notes on RS/1 files of NFA area data ••.•...•••.• 43

6. Summary of data collection methods •.•••••..••...... 47 - 1 -

INTRODUCTION

As a result of hydroelectric development of the Churchill and Nelson Rivers in northern Manitoba, the aquatic environments in these basins have been substantially altered (Guilbault et al. 1979, Bodaly et al. 1984, Playle and Villiamson 1986). In 1977, the Northern Flood Agreement (NFA) was signed between Canada, Manitoba Hydro and the Northern Flood Committee, which represents the Indian Bands of Nelson House, Cross , Split Lake, York Factory and Norway House. Under Articles 17.5 and 17.1 of this Agreement, there is a requirement to assess the adverse effect resulting from the above hydroelectric development and to implement a long-term ecological monitoring and research program to assist in the management of the affected area. Towards meeting this requirement, the Water Quality Branch, as the water quality component of the Federal Ecological Monitoring Progam (FEMP)* has undertaken an assessment of existing historical water quality data and the development and execution of a continuing monitoring program.

This report deals with the evaluation of existing water quality data and was compiled for two main purposes: a) to document existing water quality data from water courses in the NFA area (ie. describe the extent of the data - what and rivers have been sampled, when they were sampled, what parameters were measured and how many times) and

* In February 1986, Environment Canada and the Department of and Oceans received authorization to begin a five-year program of ecological monitoring directed towards satisfying federal obligations under the Northern Flood Agreement. - 2 - b) to collate into one accessible data base, data deemed as potentially useful in examining the effects of hydroelectric development on water quality in the NFA area.

The sections below provide information on the procedures used in locating and identifying water quality data from the NFA area, how the data are documented in this report, which data were entered into computer files and how these files are formatted. It is hoped that investigators seeking water quality data from locations in the NFA area will be able to determine from this report whether such data exist, and if so, how to access them. A preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of the data sets is also given.

IDENTIFICATION AND COMPILATION OF DATA

Documentation Procedures

In cooperation with the Manitoba Department of Environment Workplace Safety and Health (MEDEWSH), agencies considered as possible sources of water quality data from the NFA area were contacted. Water Quality Branch dealt primarily with federal government agencies, whereas MDEWSH dealt with provincial government agencies. This report discusses only data from the federal government agencies and from the International Nickel Company in Thompson.

Initially, requests to examine and record existing data from waters in the Churchill and Nelson River watersheds were made to the federal departments of Fisheries and (DFO), Health and Welfare Canada (HWC), Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (IANAC) and Environment Canada, including Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), Environmental Protection (EP) and Inland Waters Directorate (IWD). Through MDEWSH, data were also obtained from the - 3 -

International Nickel Company (INCO) in Thompson. As , over 40 published studies and reports were reviewed and their relevant data recorded.

For each source of data (agency or report) the following information was recorded:

-study area (Lower Churchill; Southern Indian Lake; Diversion Route; Grass River; Lake Winnipeg Outlet Lakes; Lower Nelson) -sampling locations and dates -sample sizes -parameters measured

Objectives, sampling design and methods, and analytical methods were also identified and/or summarized. Data were then sorted and arranged in a descending hierarchical manner by location (=station), parameter, data source and date.

A map of the locations for which data were documented was prepared, as were keys and cross references for the location of data and for describing ranges of various data characteristics (such as dates, locations, sample sizes, sources).

Extent of Data From the NFA Area

As a result of examining files from various agencies and published reports, 24 distinct sources of original data were identified and obtained (Appendix 1). Included were data from more than 200 stations in the basins of the Churchill, Rat, Burntwood and Nelson Rivers involving over 100 different parameters and extending back to 1953. The locations of most of these stations are shown in Figures 1-3. - 4 -

In Appendix 2, the data sources are listed by station. All stations have been assigned new designator codes for cataloguing purposes and these are listed in Appendix 3. For most stations, a name and/or equivalent designator code(s) from the four main sources of data is/are given. For example, the station designated as 10.3 of this report corresponds to station 4B of Source 3, Hecky et al. (1979) and to station 40 of Cleugh (1973), source 7.

To outline the extent of the database available for a given station, Appendix 4 lists the years in which the data were obtained, the approximate number of parameters measured and the average number of observations per parameter.

Sampling and analytical methods for sources are summarized in Appendix 6. Detailed descriptions for most are available in the sources themselves or in the articles referenced. - 5 -

COLLATION OF DATA

Compilation of Data

Data from about half of the stations documented were sorted and transferred to computer files using RS/1 software and the VAX/VMS system of the Water Quality Branch. Stations that were filed are listed at the beginning of Appendix 5.

In general, data were not transferred to RS/1 files for any of the following reasons:

1. The NFA study area only includes waters along the Rat, Burntwood, and Nelson Rivers. Data from the lower Churchill River watershed (ie. downstream of Southern Indian Lake) were not of immediate interest.

For similar reasons, most stations in Southern Indian Lake were not filed. Only data from the DFO "main stations" (see Appendix 3, Figure 1) were obtained.

2. Certain parameters were considered not useful for water quality assessment (eg. absorbance at 455 nm and 543 nm, methylation and demethylation rates of mercury).

3. Water samples from depth were usually not included. The order of preference for the depth of a sample was 0-2 m, depth integrated and >2 m. - 6 -

4. Data judged as being unreliable or ambiguous in their origin were also not filed. For source 20 (DFO), o2 from SEP 74 and MAY-OCT 75; and N0₂, NO₃ and NH₄ from 1974-APR 76 were considered invalid by the source author and therefore not filed.

Other specific notes on the data files are given in Appendix 5. Data that are in the RS/1 files should not automatically be considered reliable. As noted below and in Appendix 6, some data are potentially questionable and further evaluation is necessary.

Although a large amount of data was not transferred to the RS/1 files, its existence is documented and could be obtained from original sources if desired. For example, many stations of Cleugh (source 7) for Southern Indian Lake in 1972-73 did not correspond to the DFO main stations and thus were not filed.

Format of the RS/1 Files

The format of the data in the RS/1 files is similar to that used for documentation. That is, files for each station are arranged by source, date and parameter. Separate tables exist for each station. Printouts of the files are given in Appendix 5, including some additional notes and keys to abbreviations.

Filenames in the upper left corner of the page contain an acronym for the study area in which the station is located, plus the same designator code used in Appendix 2 and Appendix 3. - 7 -

INITIAL DATA EVALUATION

Yater quality data retrieved from agencies and published reports have been documented and arranged in data files to allow easy determination of what parameters have been measured, who measured them, when they were measured and how many observations there were for each sampling site.

Due to the sampling design of many programs and the paucity of data from before hydroelectric development in certain locations, any analyses for effects will necessarily be of sub-optimal quality, involving hindcasting, possible pooling of data from several sources or stations, unbalanced data sets and perhaps unknown magnitudes of variation. Many assumptions will be required, some of which may be unverifiable. Thus it is necessary to minimize these assumptions by carefully evaluating the data for their reliability and suitability. For sources in which the sampling methods are adequately described, it is possible to judge whether the sample is representative of the water mass (eg. the epilimnion of a small lake) and the time period of interest. Details of analytical methods can be used to determine (a) whether the methods are appropriate, (b) possible sources of bias and imprecision (analytical error) and (c) whether different methods used by the various sources to measure the same parameter are compatible.

A preliminary evaluation of the general methods in each of the sources indicates some potential problems in the EPS (source 22) and INCO (source 23) data sets. Descriptions of methods for sampling and analyses of both sources were not available thus uncertainty over the origin of values. Delays in analyzing samples for EPS may also invalidate measurements of nutrient concentrations. INCO dates of sampling are given only by the month or season, resulting in the loss of information on temporal variation.

Data from other sources, in general, look worthy of further evaluation for analysis. Each parameter must be examined separately with well defined objectives. Replication for estimates of variation, outliers, and - 8 - failures of assumptions must be assessed before graphical and statistical analyses are performed. It should be noted that before using data from unpublished sources (20, 22, 23), permission should be obtained from the authors.

Additional sources of data to those presented here also exist. In Playle (1986) and in MDEWSH data files, there are water quality data for approximately 30 stations in the NFA area, most of which correspond to stations documented in the present report. The Manitoba Department of Natural Resources, Fisheries Branch has data from 6 stations for 1985 and 1986. A consultants report to Manitoba Hydro involved a study of water quality supplies to the 5 NFA communities in which water samples were collected in 1986 and 1987. Internal engineering reports of Manitoba Hydro also contain data for 15 sites on the Churchill River Diversion route, according to J.A. Miles (pers. comm. to N.B. Brandson, MDEVSH). And DF0 has chemical data from 1980-1986 that have not yet been made available. All of these additional sources of data seem to be from sampling programs distinct from, or extensions of those documented for this report, and therefore should provide additional information for use in assessing changes in water quality in the NFA area. - 9 -

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The federal departments of Fisheries and Oceans, Health and Welfare and Indian and Northern Affairs are thanked for their responses to requests for water quality data from the NFA area. Also thanked are Environmental Protection and the Canadian Wildlife Service of Environment Canada for their cooperation; The International Nickel Company provided data to the Manitoba Department of Environment and Workplace Safety and Health, who in turn made these available to the Water Quality Branch. Information processing and graphics personnel of the Water Quality Branch, Regina, assisted in the production of this report. - 10 -

LITERATURE CITED

APHA, AWWA and WPCF. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 13th Ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. Armstrong, F.A.J. and D.W. Schindler. 1971. Preliminary chemical characterization of waters in the Experimental Lakes Area. northwestern Ontario. J. . Res. Board Can. 28: 171-187. Bodaly, R.A., D.M. Rosenberg, M.N. Gaboury, R.E. Hecky, R.W. Newbury, and K. Patalas. 1984. Ecological effects of hydroelectric development in northern Manitoba, Canada: the Churchill-Nelson River diversion, p.273-309. In P.J. Sheenan, D.R. Miller. G.C. Butler, and Ph. Bourdeau (ed.). Effects of pollutants at the ecosystem level. SCOPE 22. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. Fee, E.J. 1973. Modelling primary production in water bodies: a numerical approach that allows for vertical inhomogeneities. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 1469-1473. Fee, E.J. 1976. The vertical and seasonal distribution of chlorophyll in lakes of the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario: implications for primary production estimates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 21: 767-783. Guilbault, R.A., W.O. Gummar, and V.T. Chacko. 1979. The Churchill diversion: water quality changes in the lower Churchill and Burntwood River. Water Quality Interpretative Report No. 2. Inland Waters Directorate. Western and Northern Region. Water Quality Branch, Regina. Saskatchewan. Healey, F.P. and L.L. Hendzel. 1979. Fluorometric measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in algae. Freshw. Biol. 9: 429-439. Lean, D.R.S. and R.H. Rigler. 1974. A test of the hypothesis that abiotic phosphate complexing influences phosphorus kinetics in epilimnetic lake water. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19: 784-788. Playle, R.C. 1986. Water quality data supplement. Water chemistry changes associated with hydroelectric development in northern Manitoba: The Churchill, Rat, Burntwood, and Nelson Rivers. Manitoba Environment and Workplace Safety and Health, Water Standards and Studies Report No. 86-10. Playle, R.C. and D.A. Williamson. 1986. Water chemistry changes associated with hydroelectric development in northern Manitoba: The Churchill, Rat, Burntwood, and Nelson Rivers. Manitoba Environment and Workplace Safety and Health, Water Standards and Studies Report No. 86-8. Rigler, F.H. 1966. Radiobiological analysis of inorganic phosphorus in lake water. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 16: 465-470. Rudd, J.W.M. and R.D. Hamilton. 1973. Measurement of adenosine triphosphate - 11 -

(ATP) in two Precambrian Shield lakes of northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 1537-1546. Stainton, M.P., M.S. Capel and F.A.J. Armstrong. 1977. Chemical analysis of freshwater. 2nd Ed. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Misc. Spec. Publ. 25: 166 p. - 12 -

FIGURE CAPTIONS

1. Locations of stations in the NFA area for which water quality data are available. Numbers of stations correspond to those listed in

Appendix 2. For Southern Indian Lake, only the OFO 11 main stations" are shown.

2. Water quality data stations in Southern Indian Lake. Dashed lines separate lake areas as defined in Hecky et al. (1979). Boxed in region in Area 1 is Wupaw Bay. (Redrawn from Hecky et al. 1979.)

3. Water quality data stations in Wupaw Bay, SIL. (After Hecky et al. 1979.) - 13 -

• Sampling Locations

0 50 100

Figure 1: Historical Water Quality Stations in the Northern Flood Study Agreement Area. Number of stations correspond to those listed in Appendix 2. SOUTHERN INDIAN LAKE

Churchlll • AREA 5 South • Channel Churchill River • River • 1 2 5 •· See Figure

AREA ..... •····

0 JO 20 AREA 7 ..

··. AREA 1 ·· ... ..

..

.... /f' : BAY · Divide I ···21·' flooding ······.. ... lood Ing AREAO . ..· .·········· .. • Station

2: Water quality data stations in Southern Indian Figure 3: Water quality data stations in Lake. Dashed lines separate lake areas as defined in Wupaw Bay, SIL. (After Hecky et al. 1979). Hecky et al. (1979). - 15 -

APPENDIX 1

SOURCES OF WATER QUALITY DATA FOR THE N.F.A AREA

1. Bodaly, R.A., N.E. Strange, R.E. Hecky, R.J.P. Fudge and C. Anema. 1987. Mercury content of soil, lake sediment, net , vegetation, and in the area of the Churchill River diversion, Manitoba,

1981-1982. Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 610: v + 30p.

2. Guildford, S. 1978. Adenosine triphosphate concentrations and nutrient status measurements in Southern Indian Lake: 1975-1978. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Data Rep. 108: iv+ 24p.

3. Hecky, R.E., J. Alder, C. Anema, K. Burridge and S.J. Guildford. 1979. Physical data on Southern Indian Lake, 1974 through 1978, before and after impoundment and Churchill River diversion (in two parts). Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Data Rep. 158: iv+ 523p.

4. Hecky, R.E. and S.J Guildford. 1984. Primary of Southern Indian Lake before, during and after impoundment and Churchill River diversion. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:591-604.

5. Jackson, T.A. and R.E. Hecky. 1980. Depression of primary productivity by humic matter in lake and water of the boreal forest zone. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:2300-2317. - 16 -

Sources 6-10 are in:

Lake Winnipeg, Churchill and Nelson Rivers (LWCNR) Study Board, 1971-1975. Tech. Rep. Append. 5, Vol. 1.

6. Hecky, R.E. Report D. Southern Indian Lake: sedimentary environments. recent basin history and implications of inundation and diversion.

7. Cleugh, T.R. Report C. The hydrography of Southen Indian Lake: present conditions and implications of hydroelectric development.

8. Hecky, R.E ., R.J. Harper and H.J. Kling. Report E. and primary production in Southern Indian Lake.

9. Patalas, K. and A. Salki. Report F. study in Southern Indian Lake.

10. Hamilton, A.L. Report G. Zoobenthos survey of Southern Indian Lake.

Sources 11-14 are in:

LWCNR Study Board, 1971-1975. Tech. Rep. Append. 5, Vol.2.

11. Cleugh, T.R. Report E. Hydrographic survey of lakes on the lower Churchill and Rat-Burntwood Rivers and and lakes of the Nelson River. - 17 -

12. Hecky, R.E. and R.J. Harper. Report F. Phytoplankton and primary productivity of the lower Churchill lakes, the Rat-Burntwood lakes, and the Nelson River lakes and reservoirs.

13. Patalas, K. and A. Salki. Report G. Crustacean plankton of lakes on the Churchill River and Rat-Burntwood River systems.

14. Hamilton, A.L. and G.P. McRae. Report H. Zoobenthos survey of the lower Churchill River and Diversion Route lakes.

15. Patalas, K. and A. Salki. 1984. Effects of impoundment and diversion on the crustacean plankton of Southern Indian Lake. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:613-637.

16. Planas, D. and R.E. Hecky. 1984. Comparison of phoshorus turnover times in northern Manitoba reservoirs with lakes of the Experimental Lakes Area. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:605-612.

17. Ramlal, P.S., C. Anema, A. Furutani, R.E. Hecky and J.W.M. Rudd. 1987. Mercury methylation and demethylation studies at Southern Indian

Lake, Manitoba: 1981-1983. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1490: v + 35p.

18. Rosenberg, D.M., 8. Bilyj and A.P. Wiens. 1984. Chironomidae (Diptera) emerging from the littoral zone of reservoirs, with special - 18 - reference to Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41: 672-681.

19. Wiens, A.P. and D.M. Rosenberg. 1984. Effect of impoundment and river diversion on profundal macroinvertebrates of Southern Indian Lake, Manitoba. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:638-648.

20. C. Anema, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans (personal communication}.

21. NAQUADAT, Inland Waters Directorate. Dept. of the Environment.

22. S. Richards, Environmental Protection. Dept. of the Environment (personal communication).

23. J.S. Ashton, Superintendent, Environmental Control, !NCO Limited (personal communication to D. Brown, Environmental Management, Manitoba Dept. of the Environment and Workplace Safety and Health).

24. Thomas, J.F.J. 1958, 1959. Industrial of Canada water survey report No. 9: Churchill River and Mississippi River drainage basins in Canada, 1952-54, and No. 10: Nelson River in Canada, 1953-56. Canada Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch Reports Nos. 858 and 861. - 19 -

APPENDIX 2 LIST OF SOURCES BY STATIONS IN THE NORTHERN FLOOD AGREEMENT AREA abbreviations: L.=Lake; R.=River; SIL=Southern Indian Lake Data Source Code Station (see App.1) 1. Granville L. 1,17 2. Issett L. 1,8,11,17 ,20 3. West Mynarski L. 1,12,13,14,17 4. Central Mynarski L. 1, 12, 14, 20 5. East Mynarski L. 1,14,17 5.1 11 6. Notigi L. West 1,2,3,5,12,14,16,17,20 6.1 12 6.2 Notigi outflow 20 7. Notigi L. East 1,2,3,5,11,12,13,14,16,20 8. Footprint L., northwest arm 1 9. SIL Area 5 1,15,17,19 9.1 (main station) 2,3,4,7,16,20 9.2 3,6,7,8,20 9.3 7 9.4 6,7 9.5 6,7,8 9.6 6,7 9.7 6,7 9.8 7 10. SIL Area 4 15,19 10.1 1 10.2 1,17 10.3 (main station) 2,3,4,5,6.7,8,16,20 10.4 2,3,6,7,20 10.5 3,6,7,8,20 10.6 3,6,7,20 10.7 3,6,7,20 10.8 6,7 10.9 6, 7 10.10 6,7 10.11 6,7 10.12 7 10.13 6,7 10.14 7 10.15 6,7,8 10.16 6,7,8 11. SIL Area 2 15,19 11.1 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,20 11.2 1,3,17,20 11.3 2,3,6,7,8,20 11.4 2,3,20 - 20 -

Station Data Source Code 11.5 (main station) 2,3.4,6,7,8,16,20 11.6 3.20 11.7 3.20 11.8 3.20 11.9 Stream entering Sandhill Bay, SIL 5,20 11.10 Mouth of stream entering Sandhill Bay 5 11.11 6,7 11.12 6.7 11.13 6,7 12. SIL Area 6 15.17.19 12.1 1,3,6,7,20 12.2 (main station, east area) 2,3,4,16,20 12.3 2,3,4,6,7,16,20 12.4 3,20 12.5 (main station, west area) 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,20 12.6 3,20 12.7 3 12.8 Stream entering South Bay, SIL 5 12.9 Mouth of stream entering South Bay 5 12.10 5 12.11 6,7,8,21 12.12 6,7 12.13 6,7 12.14 6,7 13. SIL Wupaw Bay 1,18 13.l 2,3,16 13.2 2,3,16,20 13.3 3,20 13.4 3,20 13.5 3,20 13.6 3,20 13.7 Turkey Creek, Wupaw Bay 3,20 13.8 Tumbleweed Creek, Wupaw Bay 3,20 13.9 20 14. Wood L. 2,3,4,11,12,13,14,16,20 15. Partridge Breast L. 2,3,11,12,13,14,20 16. SIL Area 1 15,19 16.1 2,3,6,7,20 16.2 (main station) 2,3,4,7,8,16,20 16.3 3,7,8,20 16.4 3,20 16.5 6,7 16.6 7 16.7 6,7 16.8 6,7,8 16.9 7,8 16.10 6,7,8 16.11 6,7 16.12 6,7 16.13 6,7 16.14 6,7 - 21 -

Station Data Source Code 16.15 7 16.16 6,7 17. Cousins L. 2,3,20 18. SIL Area 3 3,6,7,8,15,19,20 18.1 6,7 18.2 6,7 18.3 6,7 18.4 6,7,8 18.5 6,7 19. Churchill R. at Leaf 3,21 20. Churchill R. at 0pachuanau L. 3,11,20 20.1 0pachuanau L. 20 21. Churchill R. at Missi Falls 3,11,13,20,21 22. SIL South Bay outflow at Diversion Channel 3,20 23. Rat L. · 3,11,14,20 23.1 12 23.2 12,13 24. Pemichigamau L. 3,11,12,13,20 24.1 12 25. Karsakawigamak L. 3,11,13,14,20 26. Wapisu L. 3,11,12,13,14,20 26.1 12 26.2 12 27. Kettle Reservoir (mainstem) 5.11,12,20,21 27.1 Kettle Reservoir (backwater) 5,11,12,20 28. Kelsey Reservoir (mainstem) 5,21 28.1 Kelsey Reservoir (backwater) 5 29. SIL Area 7 15,19 29.1 7,8 29.2 6,7 29.3 6,7 30. SIL Area 0 15,19 30.1 6,7 30.2 6,7,8 30.3 6,7 30.4 6,7 30.5 6,7 30.6 6,7,8 30.7 7 31. Northern Indian L. 11,14 31.1 12 31.2 12,13 32. Fidler L. 11,12,14 32.1 12,13 33. Threepoint L. 11,23 34. Wuskwatim L. 11,13,14,23 35. Nelson R. below Cross L. 11,21 36. Burntwood R. above Thompson 11,21 37. Nelson R. below Sipiwesk L. 11,12,21,23,24 38. Nelson R. above Kelsey Reservoir 11,20 39. Nelson R. below Kelsey Reservoir 11,12,20 39.1 Nelson R., at junc. of two arms flowing into Split L. 23 - 22 -

Station Data Source Code 40. Burntwood R. above Odie R. 11 41. Outlet of Split L. 11,12,21 42. Nelson R. below Kettle 11,12 43. Nelson R. near mouth 11,21 44. Grass R. above Standing Stone Falls 21,23 45. Rat R. above Threepoint L. 21 46. Burntwood R. above Threepoint L. 21 47. Footprint R. above Threepoint L. 21 48. Taylor R. near Thompson 21 49. Nelson R. (west channel) at Warren Landing 21 50. Nelson R. below River Falls 21 51. Nelson R. (west channel) at Kispachewuk Rapids 21 52. Nelson R. at Norway House 21,22,24 52.1 Mission Point, Norway House 22 52.2 Jack R. at Norway House 22 52.3 Robinson's Bay, Norway House 22 53. Nelson R. at Cross L. 21 53.1 Mission Point, Cross Lake 22 53.2 Saggitawack area shore, Cross Lake 22 53.3 Oliver Sinclair 1 s Point, Cross Lake 22 53.4 Agency Point, Cross Lake 22 53.5 Albert North's Lake, Cross Lake 22 54. Nelson R. at Eves Falls 21 55. Nelson R. (west channel) at Jenpeg 21 56. Cross L. below west channel of Nelson R. 21 57. Split L. at Split Lake 21,22,23 57.1 Nursing station, Split Lake 22 57.2 H.B.C. Point, Split Lake 22 57.3 Community supply intake, Split Lake 22 58. Churchill R. above Granville Falls 21,24 59. Barrington R. west of Opachuanau 21 60. Gauer R. above Thorsteinson L. 21 61. Oldman R. above Northern Indian L. 21 62. Churchill R. below Fidler L. 21 63. Little Beaver R. above junction with Churchi 11 R. 21 64. Little Churchill R. above Recluse L. 21 65. tnurchi ll R. at Fort Churchi 11 freshwater intake 21 66_. Churchill R. above Red Head Rapids 21 67. Pl aygreen L. 22 68. Footprint L., east of U.C. Mission 23 68.1 N.S. dock, Nelson House 22 68.2 middle of Footprint L. 22 69. York Landing community dock 22 70. Burntwood R. at Thompson pumphouse 23 71. Burntwood R. 5 miles below bridge 23 72. Apussigamassi L. 23 7L Burntwood R. at junction of Odei R. 23 - 23 -

Station Data Source Code 74. Setting L. 23 75. Paint L. 23 76. Grass R. at entrance to Partridge Crop L. 23 77. Partridge Crop L. 23 78. Sipiwesk L. 23 79. Nelson R. near Prud 1 homme L. 23 80. Nelson R. near Arnot 23 81. Ospwagan L. 23 82. Mystery L. 23 83. Moak L. 23 84. Wintering L. 23 85. Barkman L. 23 86. Isbister L. 23 87. Wekusko Lake 23 88. Burntwood R. near outflow from Threepoint L. 23 89. Leftrook L. 23 90. Harding L. 23 91. Bunn L. at outflow of Bunn Creek 23 92. Pearson L. 23 93. Orr L. 23 95. Landing L. 23 96. Begg L. 23 97. Pikwitonei L. 23 98. Nelson R. near outlet of Landing R. 23 99. Pelletier L. 23 101. Grass R. at inflow to Witchai L. 23 102. Witchai L. at outflow of Grass R. 23 103. Burntwood R. at entrance to Split L. 23 104. Grass R. at junction with Nelson R. 23 105. Nelson R. at Kelsey Forebay 23 107. Waskaiowaka L. 23 108. Gull L. 23 - 24 -

APPENDIX 3 DESIGNATORS OF STATIONS IN THE NORTHERN FLOOD AGREEMENT AREA abbreviations: L. = Lake;R. = River;SIL = SouthernIndian Lake

3. 7 ,11. Hecky et al. LWCNR Study 21. 23. This Study 1979 1974 NAQUADAT INCO

1. Granvil le L. 2. Is sett L. 3. West Mynarski L. 4. Central Mynarski L. 5. East Mynarski L. 5.1 deepest part 6. Notigi L. West 6.1 [Bin Source 12] 6.2 Notigi outflow 7. Notigi L. East 8. Footprint L., northwest arm 9. SIL Area 5 9.1 {DFO Main Station) 5B 55 9.2 5A 50 9.3 59A 9.4 58 9.5 52 9.6 54 9.7 53 9.8 59B 10. SIL Area 4 10.1 10.2 10.3 (DFO Main Station) 4B 40 10.4 40 42 10.5 4A 51 10.6 4C near 45 10.7 4E 48 10.8 56 10.9 57 10.10 44 10.11 43 10.12 49B 10.13 46 10.14 49A 10.15 41 10.16 47 11. SIL Area 2 11.1 Sandhill Bay 2H 25 11.2 Methyl Bay 2F 11.3 2G 22 11.4 2A - 25 -

Hecky et a1. LWCNR Study This Study 1979 1974 NAQUADAT !NCO 11.5 (DFO Main Station) 2E 20 11.6 28 11. 7 2C 11.8 20 11.9 Stream entering Sandhi11 Bay, SIL 11.10 Mouth of stream entering Sandhil1 Bay 11.11 23 11.12 24 11.13 21 12. SIL Area 6 12.1 68 66 12.2 (DFO Main Station) 6E 12.3 6G 65 12.4 6A 12.5 (DFO Main Station) 6C 60 12.6 6D 12.7 6X 12.8 Stream entering South Bay, SIL 12.9 Mouth of stream entering South Bay 12.10 12 .11 61 01MA06EC0001 12.12 62 12.13 63 12.14 64 13. SIL Wupaw Bay 13.1 South 13.2 North 13.3 Centre 13 • 4 Small Bay 13.5 Channel 13.6 Outside 13.7 Turkey Creek 13.8 Tumbleweed Creek 13.9 Inside Mouth 14. Wood L. 15. Partridge Breast L. 16. SIL Area 1 16.1 IC near 78 16.2 (DFO Main Station) IA 12 16.3 near 18 18 16.4 10 16.5 73 16.6 17 16.7 16 16.8 10 16.9 13 16.10 11 - 26 -

Hecky et al. LWCNR Study This Study 1979 1974 NAQUADAT !NCO 16.11 19 16.12 74 16.13 75 16.14 71 16.15 70 16.16 77 17. Cousins L. 18. SIL Area 3 3A 30 18.1 31 18.2 32 18.3 33 18.4 34 18.5 35 19. Churchill R. at Leaf Rapids OOMA06EB0002 20. Churchill R. at Opachuanau L. 20.1 Opachuanau L. 21. Churchill R. at Missi Falls OlMA06FAOOOl 22. SIL South Bay outflow at Diversion Channel 23. Rat L. 23.1 [Bin Source 12] 23.2 [A in Source 12] 24. Pemichigamau L. 24.l (A in Source 12] 25. Karsakawigamak L. 26. Wapisu L. 26.1 [C in Source 12] 26.2 [Bin Source 12] 27. Kettle Reservoir (mainstem) 41 OOMA05UF0002 27.1 Kettle Reservoir (backwater) 4 28. Kelsey Reservoir (mainstem) OOMA05UE0001 28.1 Kelsey Reservoir (backwater) 29. SIL Area 7 29.1 79 29.2 72 29.3 76 30. SIL Area 0 30.1 01 30.2 02 30.3 03 30.4 04 30.5 05 30.6 06 30.7 09 31. Northern Indian L. 31.1 [A in Source 12] 31.2 [Bin Source 12] 32. Fidler L. 32.1 [Bin Source 12] 33. Threepoint L. Bl 34. Wuskwatim L. 82 - 27 -

LWCNR Study This Study 1974 NAQUADAT !NCO

35. Nelson R. below Cross L. 240 OOMA05UD0001 36. Burntwood R. above Thompson 195 OOMA05TG0001 37. Nelson R. below Sipiwesk L. 1' OOMA05UE0002 25 38. Nelson R. above Kelsey Reservoir 1 39. Nelson R. below Kelsey Reservoir 2 39.1 Nelson R., at junc. of two arms flowing into Split L. 2' 40 40. Burntwood R. above Odei R. 200 41. Outlet of Split L. 3 OOMA05UF0003 42. Nelson R. below Kettle Dam 5 43. Nelson R. near mouth 5' OOMA05UH0001 44. Grass R. above Standing Stone Falls OOMA05TD0001 26 45. Rat R. above Threepoint L. OOMA05TF0001 46. Burntwood R. above Threepoint L. OOMA05TF0002 47. Footprint R. above Threepoint L. OOMA05TF0003 48. Taylor R. near Thompson OOMA05TG0002 49. Nelson R. (west channel) at Warren Landing OOMA05UB0002 50. Nelson R. below Sea River Falls OOMA05UB0006 51. Nelson R. (west channel) at Kispachewuk Rapids OOMA05UB0010 52. Nelson R. at Norway House OOMA05UB0011 52.1 Mission Point, Norway House 52.2 Jack R. at Norway House 52.3 Robinson's Bay, Norway House 53. Nelson R. at Cross L. OOMA05UD0002 53.1 Mission Point, Cross Lake 53.2 Saggitawack area shore, Cross Lake 53.3 Oliver Sinclair's Point, Cross Lake 53.4 Agency Point, Cross Lake 53.5 Albert North's Lake, Cross Lake 54. Nelson R. at Eves Falls OOMA05UD0003 55. Nelson R. (west channel) at Jenpeg OOMA05UD0004 56. Cross L. below west channel of Nelson R. 01MA05UD0001 57. Split L. at Split Lake 01MA05UF0001 Nl4 57.1 Nursing station, Split Lake 57.2 H.B.C. Point, Split Lake 57. 3 Community supply intake, Split Lake 58. Churchill R. above Granville Falls OOMA06EA0001 59. Barrington R. west of Opachuanau OOMA06EB0001 60. Gauer R. above Thorsteinson L. OOMA06FA0001 61. Oldman R. above Northern Indian L. OOMA06FA0002 62. Churchill R. below Fidler L. OOMA06FB0001 63. Little Beaver R. above junction with Churchill R. OOMA06FB0002 64. Little Churchill R. above Recluse L. OOMA06FC0001 65. Churchill11 R. at Fort Churchi 11 freshwater intake OOMA06FD0001 66. (;hurchill R. above Red Head Rapids OOMA06FD0002 67. 96 aygreen L. - 28 -

This Study INCO

68. Footprint L., east of U.C. Mission 4 68.1 N.S. dock, Nelson House 68.2 middle of Footprint L. 69. York Landing community dock 70. Burntwood R. at Thompson pumphouse B3 71. Burntwood R. 5 miles below bridge B4 72. Apussigamassi L. B5 73. Burntwood R. at junction of Odei R. B6,32 74. Setting L. G7 75. Paint L. GB 76. Grass R. at entrance to Partridge Crop L. G9 77. Partridge Crop L. Gl0 78. Sipiwesk L. Nll 79. Nelson R. near Prud'homme L. N12 80. Nelson R. near Arnot Nl3 81. Ospwagan L. 158 82. Mystery L. 16B 83. Moak L. 17B 84. Wintering L. 18G 85. Barkman L. 19G 86. Isbister L. 20G 87. Wekusko Lake 1 88. Burntwood R. near outflow from Threepoint L. 2 89. Left rook L. 7 90. Harding L. - 8 91. Bunn L. at outflow of Bunn Creek 21 92. Pearson L. 23 93. Orr L. 24 95. Landing L. 27 96. Begg L. 28 97. Pikwitonei L. 29 98. Nelson R. near outlet of Landing R. 30 99. Pelletier L. 31 101. Grass R. at inflow to Witchai L. 33 102. Witchai L. at outflow of Grass R. 34 103. Burntwood R. at entrance to Split L. 35 104. Grass R. at junction with Nelson R. 36 105. Nelson R. at Kelsey Forebay 39 107. Waskaiowaka L. 41 108. Gull L. 43 - 29 -

APPENDIX 4 OUTLINE OF WATER QUALITY DATA FROM THE NORTHERN FLOOD AGREEMENT AREA

Data sets on aquatic conditions of watercourses in the Northern Flood Agreement area from 24 published and unpublished reports and data files were examined. Observations on over 115 different parameters exist, involving approximately 200 stations (Fig. 1). For each of about 100 locations; Appendix 4 lists (a) the sources providing data, (b} years in which observations were made, (c) the approximate number of observations made, and (d) the average number of observations per parameter. (The "average" here is usually the mode if it is not more than 5 from the median, in which case the median is given.) The observations documented here are for surface or epilimnion samples. Although for some stations and dates samples from various depths were collected, only that from the highest level in the was enumerated. Data ·from several stations within a lake, or lake area of SIL, were pooled for documentation. Thus for example, all observations from Area 4 of SIL were documented as one "station". Further partitioning of observations by station can be done using the list of data sources grouped by station (Appendix 2) and the data sources themselves. This is in contrast to the data files of Appendix 5, in which only observations from the main stations (as defined in Appendix 3) are entered. Notes for Table * Stations for Notigi L. were not defined well enough to determine how many were in the east or west basins. Therefore, some of these observations may be from the other basin.

+ In source 15, most data are given in graphic form and as areal or whole lake means. No doubt, data for individual stations (53 in total} could be obtained from the authors. + + Only summary data were available, which did not indicate whether observations were made in all years of the given period of sampling. - 30 -

WATER QUALITY DATA FROM THE NORTHERN FLOOD AGREEMENT AREA

YEARS OF DATA APPROXI. 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCES I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 11111111111111111111111 I I I I I (1) 1 xx 32 3 Granville L. 17 xx 2 2

1 X 32 3 (2) 8 X 2 1 Issett L. 11 . X 16 4 17 xx 2 3 20 X 2 1

11111111111111111111111 I I I I I 1 xx 32 3 (3) 12 X 5 1 W. Mynarski 13 X 2 4 L. 14 X 3 5 17 X 1 1 ,--:;:-

l X 32 3 (4) 12 X 6 l Central 14 X 3 4 Mynarski L. 20 X 20 1

I 1111111111111111111 I 11 I I I I I ( 5) 1 xx 32 3 East Mynarski 11 X 23 4 L. 14 X 3 4 17 X 1 1 1 xx 32 3 (6) 2 XXX 4 14 Notigi L. 3 xxxxx 8 41 West 5 X 6 1 12 X 6 2* 14 X 3 5 16 X 6 2 17 X 1 1 20 xxxxxx 32 >50 - 31 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM I 1111111111111111111111 I I I I I

1 X 32 3 (7) 2 XXX 4 16 Notigi L. 3 xxxxx 8 37 East 5 X 6 1 11 X 22 6 12 X 6 1 13 X 2 4* 14 X 3 5 16 X 6 2 20 xxxxxx 32 32

(8) 1 X 32 3 Footprint L.

11111111111111111111111 I I I I I

1 X 32 3 (9) 2 XXX 4 14 SIL Area 5 3 xxxxx 8 46 4 xxxxx 3 5 6 X 7 1 7 xx 28 32 8 X 19 3+ 15 X X XXXX 7 16 X 6 2 17 X 1 1 19 X X X 2 3 20 xxxxxxx 32 47 I 1111111111111111111111 I I I I I

1 X 32 3 (10) 2 XXX 4 16 SIL Area 4 3 xxxxx 8 >50 4 xxxxx 3 5 5 X 6 1 6 X 7 2 7 xx 28 23 8 xx 19 6+ 15 X X XXXX 7 16 X 6 1 17 X 1 1 19 X X X 2 3 20 xxxxxxx 32 >50 - 32 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM I I I I I I I 1111111111111111 I I I I I 1 xx 32 3 (11) 2 XXX 2 24 SIL Area 2 3 xxxxx 8 >50 4 xxxxx 3 9 5 X 3 1 6 X 7 1 7 xx 28 8 8 xx 18 4+ 15 X X XXXX 7 16 X 6 2 17 xx 2 6 19 X X X 2 3 20 xxxxxxx 32 >50

I I I l I I I I 111111111111111 I I I I I

1 X 32 3 (12) 2 XXX 4 34 SIL Area 6 3 xxxxx 8 >50 4 xxxxx 3 14 5 X 6 2 6 X 7 2 7 xx 28 17 8 xx 18 4+ 15 X X XXXX 7 16 X 6 6 17 X 2 2 19 X X X 2 3 20 xxxxxxx 32 >50 21 xx 29 6

11111111111 I 11111111 I 11 I I I I I

1 X 32 3 (13) 2 xx 4 29 SIL, Wupaw Bay 3 xxxx 8 >50 16 X 6 3 18 XXX 2 3 20 xxxxxx 31 >50 - 33 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I / I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 1111111111111111111111 I I I I I I

2 XXX 4 29 (14) 3 xxxxx 8 39 Wood L. 4 xxxxx 3 5 11 X 22 4 12 X 6 1 13 X 2 4 14 X 3 10 16 X 6 2 20 xxxxxx 32 39

2 X 1 4 (15) 3 xx 8 12 Partridge 11 X 21 3 Breast L. 12 X 6 1 13 X 2 1 14 X 3 4 20 XXX 28 13 11111111111111111111111 I I I I I

2 XXX 4 16 (16) 3 xxxxx 8 >50 SIL Area 1 4 xxxxx 3 5 6 X 7 1 7 xx 28 8 8 xx 19 6+ 15 X X XXXX 7 16 X 6 2 19 X X X 2 3 20 xxxxxxx 32 >50

2 X 1 3 (17) 3 X 8 11 Cousins L. 20 X 28 11 3 xx 8 6 (18) 6 X 7 1 SIL Area 3 7 X 25 18 8 xx 17 3+ 15 X X XXXX 7 19 X X X 2 3 20 xx 28 6 - 34 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 1111111111111 I 111111111 I I I I I (19) Churchil 1 R. 3 X 3 1 at Leaf Rapids 21 XXX 41 17

(20) 3 xxxxx 6 25 Churchi 11 R. 11 X 22 6 at Opachuanau 20 xxxxx 29 27

3 XXX 6 7 (21) 11 X 24 5 Churchill R. 13 X 2 4 at Mi ssi Falls 20 X XXXXX 30 24 21 XXX XX 40 15 111111111111 I I I 11111111 I I I I I (22) Diversion Route 3 XXX 6 13 at outflow from 20 xxxx 17 20 South Bay, SIL

3 xx 8 2 (23) 11 X 24 5 Rat L. 12 X 6 3 13 X 2 4 14 X 3 10 20 xx 22 3

111111111111111 I I I I 1111 I I I I I 3 xx 6 1 (24) 11 X 24 4 Pemichigamau L. 12 X 6 2 13 X 2 1 20 xx 20 1

3 xx 6 1 (25) 11 X 25 4 Karsakawigamak 13 X 2 1 L. 14 X 3 5 20 xx 21 1 - 35 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 65 70 75 80 85 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 11111111111111111111111 I I I I I

3 X 5 1 (26) 11 X 24 4 Wapisu L. 12 X 6 3 13 X 2 3 14 X 3 5 20 X 21 1

5 X 5 1 (27) 11 xx 30 11 Kettle 12 X 18 1 Reservoir 20 X 18 1 (mainstem) 21 xxxxxxx 47 -30 11111111111111111111111 I I I I I

(27.1) 5 X 6 1 Kettle 11 xx 30 11 Reservoir 12 X 19 1 (backwater) 20 X 17 1

(28) Kelsey 5 X 6 1 Reservoir 21 xxxx xxxxxxxxx 51 -50 (mainstem)

(28.1) Kelsey 5 X 6 1 Reservoir (backwater) 111111 I 11111111 I 1111111 I I I I I

6 X 6 1 (29) 7 xx 25 8 SIL Area 7 8 X 13 1+ 15 X X XXXX 7 19 X X X 2 4

6 X 6 1 (30) 7 xx 23 27 SIL Area 0 8 X 16 3+ 15 X X XXXX 7 19 X X X 2 4 - 36 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 55 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM

111111111111111 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

11 X 22 6 (31) 12 X 6 2 Northern 13 X 2 4 Indian L. 14 X 2 10

11 X 22 5 (32) 12 X 6 2 Fidler L 13 X 2 4 14 X 3 10

(33) 11 X 25 2 Threepoint L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 26 20

11111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I I

11 X 25 5 (34) 13 X 2 3 Wuskwatim L. 14 X 3 3 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 25

(35) Nelson R. 11 X 24 4 below Cross L. 21 xxxxxxx 51 9

(36) Burntwood 11 X 26 2 R. above Thompson 21 xxxx xxxxxxx 56 32

I I I I I I 111111111111111 I 1111111 I I I I I I 11 xx 25 6 (37) 12 X 19 1 Nelson R. below 21 XXX 29 9 Sipiwesk L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 25 30 24 xx 23 2 (38) Nelson R. 11 xx 26 7 above Kelsey 20 X 24 1 Reservoir (39) Nelson R. 11 xx 31 12 below Kelsey 12 X 19 1 Reservoir 20 X 24 1 - 37 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 11111111111111 I 111111111111 I I I I I (39.1) Nelson R. below Kelsey 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 34 (40) Burntwood 11 xx 26 8 R. above Odei R. (41) 11 xx 31 8 Outlet of 12 X 17 1 Split L. 21 xx 28 5

(42) Nelson R. 11 xx 31 9 below Kettle Dam 12 X 6 1 lllllllllflllllllllllllllll I I I I I

(43) Nelson R. 11 X 25 1 near mouth 21 xxxxxx 61 15

(44) Grass R. above 21 XXX 25 1 Standing Stone Falls 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 34 (45) Rat R. above 21 xxxx 48 15 Threepoi nt L. (46) Burntwood R. 21 xxxx 48 15 above Threepoint L. 111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I (47) Footprint R. above Threepoint L. 21 xxxx 50 15 (48) Taylor R. 21 xxxx 40 18 near Thompson (49) Nelson R. (w. 21 xxxxxxxxx 54 20 channel) at Warren Landing (50) Nelson R. below 21 xx 33 3 Sea River Falls

(51) Nelson R. (w. 21 xx 28 9 channel) at Kispa- chewuk Rapids - 38 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 55 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM I I I I l I I I I I I I I I 111111111111111 I I I I 1· l 1

(52) 21 XXX 31 21 Nelson R. at 22 X XXX 21 4 Norway House 24 xx 25 2

(52.1) Mission 22 X 11 1 Point, Norway House (52.2) Jack R. 22 xx 16 2 at Norway House

(52.3} Robinson's 22 X 12 1 Bay, Norway House

11111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I I (53} Nelson R. at Cross L. 21 xx 35 27

(53.1) R.C. 22 X 11 1 Mission, Cross L.

(53.2} Saggita- 22 X 12 1 wack area shore, Cross Lake

(53.3) Oliver 22 X 12 1 Sinclair's Point, Cross Lake

1111111111111111 l I I I I 11111111 I I I I I I

(53.4) Agency 22 X 15 1 Point, Cross L.

(53.5) Albert 22 X 15 1 North's Lake, Cross Lake (54) Nelson R. 21 xx 29 9 at Eves Fa 11 s (55} Nelson R. 21 xxxx 34 26 (w. channel) at Jenpeg - 39 -

YEARS OF DATA 55 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 11 ll I I I I I I I l I I I 11111111111111 I I I I I I ( 56) Cross L. 21 xx 30 18 below w. channel of Nelson R. (57) 21 xx 37 11 Split L. at 22 xx 16 3 Split Lake 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 26 20

(57.1) Nursing 22 X 12 2 Station, Split L.

{57.2) H.B.C. 22 X 13 1 Point, Split L. 11111111111111111111111111111 I I I I I I (57.3) Community supply intake, 22 X 16 1 Split L. (58) Churchill R. 21 xxxxxxx 68 13 above Granville 24 xx 22 5 Falls

(59) Barrington 21 XXX 58 3 R. west of Opachuanau (60) Gauer R. above Thorstein- 21 xxxx+ 62 6 son L. 1111111 I l I I 111111111111111 I 11 I I I I I I (61) Oldman R. above Northern 21 xxxx+ 48 8 Indian L.

(62) Churchill R. + below Fidler L. 21 xxxxxxxxxx+ 57 18

(63) Little Beaver + R. above junction 21 xxxx+ 46 11 with Churchill R. - 40 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED 0BSNS/PARAM I I I I I I I I I I I 111111111111111 I I I I I {64) Little Churchill + R. above Recluse L. 21 xxxx+ 60 5 I ( (65) Churchillll R. at + /Fort Churchill77 fresh- 21 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx+ 54 28 •!water intakeI I {66) Churchill R. at + above Red Head Rapids 21 xxxxxxxxxxxxx+ 65 20 ......

{67) Playgreen L. 22 X 11 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1111111111111 I I I I I {68) Footprint L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 15 33

{68.1) N.S. dock, 22 XXX 17 10 Nelson House {68.2) Footprint L., 22 xx 11 2 middle

{69) Community dock, 22 xxx 16 6 York Landing {70) Burntwood R. at 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 35 58 Thompson pumphouse

11111111111111111111111111 I I I I I {71) Burntwood R. 5 miles below bridge 23 xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 25 23

{72) Apussigamassi L. 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 26 24 {73) Burntwood R. at 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 28 38 junction of 0dei R. {74) Setting L. 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 25 16 (75) Paint L. 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 26 26 {76) Grass R. at 23 xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 25 25 entrance to Patridge Crop L. - 41 -

YEARS OF DATA 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM I I I I II l I I I 1111111111111111 I I I I I (77) Patridge Crop L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 26 25

(78) Sipiwesk L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 13

(79) Nelson R. near 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 22 Prud'homme L.

(80) Nelson R. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 15 Arnot

(81) Ospwagon L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 25

{82) Mystery L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 17 11111111111111111111111111 I I I I I (83) Moak L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 25

(84) Wintering L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 15 (85) Barkman L. 23 xxxxxxxx 25 13

(86) Isbister L. 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 25 15 (87) Weskusko L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 17 33 (88) Burntwood R. at 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 25 outlet of Threepoint L. I 11111111 I I I I I I I I 111111111 I I I I I (89) Leftrook L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 (90) Harding L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 (91) Bunn L. at out- 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 15 33 let of Bunn Creek (92) Pearson L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxx 13 27 (93) Orr L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxx xx 13 28 - 42 -

YEARS OF DATA APPROX 60 65 70 75 80 No. PARAM AVERAGE No. LOCATION SOURCE I I I I I MEASURED OBSNS/PARAM 111111111 I 1111 1111111111 I I I I I (95) Landing L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 (96) Begg L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 34

(97) Pikwitonei L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 (98) Nelson R. at 23 xxxxxxx xxxx 13 25 outlet of Landing L. (99) Pelletier L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33

{101) Inflow of Grass 23 XXX XXXXXXXXXX 13 32 R. to Witchai L.

111111111 I I I 11111111 1111 I I I I (102) Outflow of Grass R. from 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 18 31 Witchai L. {103) Burntwood R. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 18 32 inflow to Split L. (104) Grass R. at 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 17 32 junction with Nelson R. (105) Nelson R. at 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 34 Kelsey Forebay

1111111111111111111111111 I I I I I (107) Waskaiowaka L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 {108) Gul 1 L. 23 xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 33 - 43 -

APPENDIX 5 GENERAL NOTES ON RS/1 FILES OF NFA AREA DATA

1. Presently, all NAQUADAT data (source 21) for the 26 non-lower Churchill R. area stations are in file "NFAIWD". This large file is formatted in the standard NAQUADAT manner, which differs from that used for the other RS/1 files. Data in file NFAIWD may eventually be divided up by station and moved into the corresponding files, or to new files if none exist for the stations. The format may also be rearranged to conform to that used for this report. The NAQUADAT data can however, be worked with in their present state. Data are sorted by station and sampling date. Measured parameter are given only as codes (in column heading), which can be defined using the NAQUADAT Dictionary of Parameter Codes. A printout of file NFAIWD is not currently in Appendix 5.

2. Data on zooplankton (source 15) and zoobenthos (source 19} for SIL were not filed because area means for all taxa were not explicitly given.

3. For SILlO (Southern Indian Lake, Area 4), data of source 1 are not actually from Station 10.3 (main station), but rather are from stations 10.l and 10.2.

4. In entries where sample depth is not given, depth was the same for all data within the source and can be found in the Summary of Methods. All such unidentified depths are or are assumed to be O - 2 m.

5. Unless otherwise stated, data are for measurements of dissolved parameters.

6. Data that were originally in units of umol/L were converted to units of mg/L by the following factors:

SPECIES mg/ L = umo l / L t Na 0.02299 K 0.03910 Mg 0.02431 Ca 0.04008 so 0.09606 Cl 4 0.03545 0 0.03200 s1 0.02809 C 0.01201 N 0.01401 - 44 -

p 0.03099 Mn 0.05494 Fe 0.05585 For example, 44 umol S0₄/L = 44(0.09606) = 4.2 mg S0₄/L

7. Most data are significant for 3 or 4 digits. Values with >4 significant figures probably resulted from conversions of umol/L to mg/L.

8. Data from source 4 are annual means. Values of TON and TOP from source 5 are also means.

9. Up until table SILlO.3, data entered in units of umol/L were double checked before conversion to mg/L units. These found only 2 errors.

10. Abbreviations used in column Soil/Sediment type were:

unfl soi 1 = unflooded soil fl soi 1 = flooded so i1 m/p/1 = moss, peat, litter Ah hor = Ah horizon

11. "^" indicates that the following numeral is a superscript. e.g. 12. Abbreviations used in parameter headings: Vert ext coeff = vertical extinction coefficient % hor transm = percent horizontal transmission Beam atten coeff = beam attenuance coefficient Prop upw to inc light = proportion of to incident light

Temp = temperature

Cond = specific conductance Alk, total = alkalinity, total Hard, total= hardness. total - 45 -

OS = dissolved

TS = total solids ss = suspended solids

TVS = total volatile solids svs = suspended volatile solids P,sr = phosphorus, soluble reactive

P04-P = dissolved inorganic phosphate-P

Resp = respiration

ATP = adenosine triphosphate

APA = alkaline phosphatase activity

N debt = N uptake(+), release(-)

P debt = P uptake(+), release(-) [P-32]P04 turnover ³²P time = P04 turnover time

Chl-a = chlorophyll a

Prod,opt = primary production, optimum light volumetric rate

Prod,int = primary production, daily integral Max rate of photosynth = maximum rate of photosynthetic C uptake in incubator Hg cone of zoopl >x um= Hg content of zooplankton size fraction greater than x um - 46 -

LIST OF RS/1 NFA DATA FILES

DIVR103 DIVR23 DIVR24 DIVR25 DIVR26 DIVR3 DIVR33 DIVR34 DIVR36 DIVR4 DIVR40 DIVR5 DIVR6 DIVR68 DIVR68 1 DIVR68 2 DIVR7 DIVR70 DIVR71 DIVR72 DIVR73 DIVR8 DIVR81 DIVR82 DIVR83 DIVR88 DIVR89 DIVR90 DIVR92 DIVR93 GRASSlOl GRASS102 GRASS104 GRASS44 GRASS74 GRASS75 GRASS76 GRASS77 GRASS84 GRASS85 GRASS86 GRASS87 GRASS91 GRASS96 GRASS97 LCHUR107 LCHUR99 . LNEL105 LNEL108 LNEL27 0 LNEL27 1 LNEL28 0 LNEL28 1 LNEL38 LNEL39 LNEL39-1 LNEL41 LNEL42- LNEL43 LNEL57 LNEL57-1 LNEL57 2 LNEL57 3 LNEL69 NFAIWD OUTL35 OUTL37 OUTL52 OUTL52 1 OUTL52 2 OUTL52 3 OUTL53 1 OUTL53 2 OUTL53-3 OUTL53-4 OUTL53-5 OUTL67- OUTL78- OUTL79- OUTL80- OUTL95- OUT98 Sill SIUO Sllll SIL12 2 SIL12 5 SIL16 2 SIL17 SIL18 SIL19- SIL2 SIL20- SIL21 SIL22 SIL9 - 47 -

APPENDIX 6 SUMMARY OF DATA COLLECTION METHODS

1. Boda ly et al. 1987 Collection of samples - locations given on map; some differences in precise locations at sites between years depth of water samples= integrated from surface to 5 m methods generally consistant and according to the usual Freshwater Institute (FWI) methods ("FWI methods" generally follow those of Stainton et al. {1977), with additional procedures being developed by FWI staff.) Analyses - almost all are according to Stainton et al. (1977), or else adequately described Data - quantitative; mostly simple variables - estimates appear representative of whole lakes, or areas/bays of of SIL

2. Guildford 1978 Co 11 ect ion of samples - locations are given on map and correspond to DFO stations of Hecky et al. {1979) - depth= 2 m - methods appear consistent Analyses - according to FWI methods Data - quantitative; 3/4 variables are derived - no values beyond detection limits estimates represent sub-regions of areas in SIL, or whole lakes

3. Hecky et al. 1979 Collection of samples - locations are defined by positions on maps; sampling was not always at the desired location each time - depth= various discrete depths through - methods are detailed and mostly unique (these authors seem to have been the only ones to have made measurements in the NFA area for most of the parameters given) - 48 -

Analyses described in report Data - quantitative; simple and derived variables - many missing values estimates represent sub-regions of areas in SIL, or main basins of lakes

4. Hecky and Guildford 1984 Collection of samples - station locations are shown on map, and correspond to Hecky et al. (1979) - depth= integrated through photic zone Analyses - consistent with methods of Fee (1973,1976), Hecky et al. (1979). Stainton et al. (1977), Healy and Hendzel (1979), Rudd and Hamilton (1973) Data - quantitative; some derived variables; values are annual means - estimates represent sub-regions of areas in SIL, or lakes

5. Jackson and Hecky 1980 Collection of samples - exact locations of some are not given - depth 2 m Analyses - methods are from Stainton et al. (1977), Rigler (1966) and others cited in the text, or otherwise are detailed Data - quantitative; mostly simple variables; some values are means - estimates represent sections of basins of water bodies

6. Hecky 1974 (LWCNR Study) Collection of samples - locations correspond to synoptic chemistry stations of Cleugh (1974) - grabs taken with Ekman dredge Analyses - methods not detailed in text but are those of other FWI studies Data - quantitative and categorical; simple variables - 49 -

7, 11. Cleugh 1974 (LWCNR Study) Collection of samples - station locations defined on maps - depth= 0.5 m and often additional depths or profiles - sampler: van Dorn bottle (500 ml) Analyses - according to APHA Standard Methods (1971) and Armstrong and Schindler (1971) - laboratory measurements made at FWI, usually within 24 h for main stations and 2 wk for synoptic stations Data - quantitative; simple variables some values< detection limits; some missing values

8. Hecky, Harper and Kling 1974, 12. Hecky and Harper 1974 (LWCNR Study) Collection of samples - stations are those of Cleugh (1974) - depth= 0.5 m - sampler= van Dorn bottle Analyses - according to usual FWI methods (Fee 1973,1976; Stainton et al. 1977) - incubations were carried out in Thompson< 4 h after sampling - analyses of dissolved nutrients (except P04) done in Winnipeg Data - quantitative; simple and derived variables data representative of water mass in region of lake or river

9,13. Patalas and Salki 1974 (LWCNR Study); 15. Patalas and Salki 1984 Collection of samples - locations are shown on maps, and correspond to those of Cleugh (1974) - depth= total vertical hauls from bottom to surface with twin plankton nets Analyses - enumeration and identification of zooplankters Data - quantitative and categorical; simple variable estimates given usually represent area or lake means, although the authors probably have data for individual stations within areas and lakes - 50 -

10. Hamilton 1974, 14. Hamilton and McRae 1974 (LWCNR Study); .]&. Rosenberg, Bilyj and Wiens 1984; 19 Wiens and Rosenberg 1984 Collection of samples - locations for sources 10 and 19 are shown on maps and correspond to those of Cleugh (1974); locations for sources 14 and 18 are not defined or shown on maps - samplers: modified Ekman grabs. submerged funnel emergence traps Analyses - enumeration and identification of macroinvertebrates Data - quantitative and categorical; simple variables - most estimates given are for whole lakes or areas

16. Planas and Hecky 1984 Collection of samples - stations correspond to those of Hecky et al. (1979) - depth= integrated through photic zone Analyses - methods of Rigler (1966), Lean and Rigler (1974), FWI - analyses begun 2-4 h after sampling Data - quantitative - estimates representative of areas in lakes

17. Ramlal et al. 1987 Collection of samples - locations are shown on map - depth= 30 cm above undisturbed sediment surface (water samples) Analyses - several studies are described in this report, involving complex and probably unique methods; these are well described in the report and not summarized here Data - quantitative; derived variables - estimates represent shorelines in sub-regions of lake areas

20. _£. Anema, DFO Collection of samples - stations are the DFO stations of Hecky et al. (1979). with a few exceptions - 51 -

- depth= 2 m until end of 1975, integrated through photic zone and various depths after 1975; for flowing waters samples were from the surface (0-1 m) - samplers: van Dorn bottle until 1975, integrated sampler after 1975 Analyses - generally according to Stainton et al. (1977), with a few modifications Data - quantitative; mostly simple variables - some values below detection limits

21. NAQUADAT, IWD Collection of samples - station locations defined by longitude and lattitude, and on map - depth= integrated from surface to 0.5 m above bottom, or surface to 15 m - samplers: 1 or 2-L bottles with metal holder Analyses - IWD standard methods - methods often changed through years Data - quantitative, mostly simple variables some values less than detection limits; some missing values

22. S. Richards, EPS Collection of samples - locations often not well defined depth= not given usually; from surface when given - sampling frequency irregular - handling of samples appears variable - personnel changed; time between sampling and analyses sometimes ≥ 1 wk Analyses - apparently according to APHA Standard Methods Data - quantitative; simple variables - analytical methods not known for certain - variable handling and long times between collection and analyses of samples make nutrient measurements questionable

23. !NCO Collection of samples - locations shown on maps - 52 -

- depth= surface - not much information available Analyses - AWWA Standard Methods or 11 compatible 11 methods, except: Pre-1972 Total metals - dissolved in acidic solution; solvent extraction/ colorimetric determination Nickel - dimethylglyoxime Copper - neocuproine Lead, Zinc - dithizone Manganese - periodate oxidation Post-1971 Total metals - fumed with perchloric/nitric acid; dissolved in HCl; concentrated 20:1/·atomic absorption (A.A.) determination Mercury - flameless A.A. Arsenic - colorimetric (molybdenum blue) Data - quantitative, simple variables information on methods very sparse, and units were not given for data; thus many assumptions would be required to analyze these data

Collection of samples - locations shown on map depth= integrated from surface to near bottom, or at arm 1 s length sampler: usually a bottle (12 oz or 1/2 gallon) held in metal holder methods are described in Thomas (1953, Canada Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Mines Branch Report No. 833) Analyses - detailed in Thomas (1953) and generally follow APHA Standard Methods - analyses conducted in Ottawa Data - quantitative; mostly simple variables I Manitoba I

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