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The Linguistics Journal The Linguistics Journal August 2020 Volume 14 Issue 1 Editors: Paul Robertson and Lucas Kohnke The Linguistics Journal August 2020 Volume 14, Issue 1 Editors: Paul Robertson and Lucas Kohnke Published by the English Language Education Publishing The Linguistics Journal A Division of TESOL Asia Group Part of SITE Ltd. Australia http://www.linguistics-journal.com © The Linguistics Journal 2020 This e-book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of the Linguistics Journal Press. No unauthorized photocopying. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of The Linguistics Journal. [email protected] Editors: Dr. Paul Robertson and Dr. Lucas Kohnke Chief Editor: Dr. Lucas Kohnke Senior Advisor: Dr. John Adamson Journal Production Editor: Ramon Medriano, Jr. ISSN 1718-2301 2 Table of Contents Foreword…………………………...……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Matt Lucas……………………………….................................................................................................................. 7 Agglutination, Loanwords, and Japanese Morpholexical Categoryhood: Cross-linguistic Factors in the Grammatical Handling of Verbs and Adjectives in Written English Zahra Nouri and Rezvan Rasouli……..………….…………...………………..………………………….……... 44 The Effect of Task Type on the Writing Accuracy of Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners Muhammad A. Al-Quran……...…………………...……………………………………………………………… 67 A Contrastive Look at English and Arabic Adjectives Kevin King ………………………...……………………………………….………………………………….…… 82 When-/whenever- conditionals and conditional taxonomy Benedicta Adokarley Lomotey….………………………………………….………………………….................... 98 A Conversational Analysis of Language Practices in the FL Classroom: Data from a Ghanaian University Context Teresa Wai See Ong…………….…………………………….……………………………………………….….... 122 Safeguarding Penang Hokkien in Malaysia: Attitudes and Community-Driven Efforts Nada Mohammed Salem and Stefanie Pillai……….............................................................................................. 154 An Acoustic Analysis of Intonation in the Taizzi variety of Yemeni Arabic Soh Siak Bie, Tam Shu Sim and Larisa Nikitina ……………………………………………………………….. 183 Designing and Piloting a Repeated-Measures ANOVA Study on L2 Academic Writing: Methodology and Challenges Md Jahurul Islam and Iftakhar Ahmed…………………..……………..………………………………………. 206 Mid-front and back vowel mergers in Mymensingh Bangla: An acoustic investigation Yeonok Hong…………………..……………………………………………………………….………………….. 233 Change in Chinese Personal Pronouns from a Typological Perspective Abbas H. Al-Shammari…………………………..……………………………………………………………...... 259 Social Media and English Language Learning during Covid-19: KILAW Students’ Use, Attitude, and Prospective Kamonnate Iadkert and Azirah Hashim………………………………………………..……………………….. 276 The production of English codas by Thai speakers Pei-Jung Kuo…………………………………………………………………....………………………………….. 299 On the song Double Object Construction in Mandarin Chinese and Its Passivization Variations 3 Foreword The current issue of the Linguistics Journal brings thirteen articles written by researchers from different parts of the world. These thirteen articles include topics that deals with a range of linguistics research areas and presents innovative and thought-provoking findings in the field. The features articles in this volume were written by Matt Lucas (Kansai University, Osaka, Japan), Zahra Nouri and Rezvan Rasouli (University of Tabriz, Iran), Muhammad A. Al- Quran (Yarmouk University, Jordan), Kevin King (Northern Essex Community College), Benedicta Adokarley Lomotey (University of Ghana, Ghana), Teresa Wai See Ong (Griffith University, Australia), Nada Mohammed Salem and Stefanie Pillai (University of Malaya, Malaysia), Soh Siak Bie, Tam Shu Sim and Larisa Nikitina (University of Malaya, Malaysia), Md Jahurul Islam and Iftakhar Ahmed (Georgetown University, USA), Yeonok Hong (Sejong University, Republic of Korea), Abbas H. Al-Shammari (Kuwait University, Kuwait), Kamonnate Iadkert and Azirah Hashim (University of Malaya, Malaysia) and Pei-Jung Kuo (National Chiayi University, Taiwan). The opening article, Agglutination, Loanwords, and Japanese Morpholexical Categoryhood: Cross-Linguistic Factors in the Grammatical Handling of Verbs and Adjectives in Written English, by Matt Lucas, investigates how morpholexical subcategories of Japanese verbs and adjectives influence accuracy in relation to learners’ recognition of L2 morphological errors, and their ability to produce appropriate written L2 forms. Matt Lucas demonstrates the problematic nature of loanwords versus non-loanwords in L2 verb and adjective usage among Japanese EFL learners. This study, though focused on the Japanese context, is an avenue to explore the potential influences of English-based loanwords in other linguistic contexts. In the second article, The Effect of Task Type on the Writing Accuracy of Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners, Zahra Nouri and Rezvan Rasouli examine three types of writing tasks – personal descriptive, narrative and decision-making – with 50 Iranian intermediate learners and investigates how accuracy among male and female learners is affected by task type. The study finds that learners produce more accurate language in the personal descriptive task. No gender difference is observed in any of the three tasks. In A Contrastive Look at English and Arab Adjectives, Muhammed A. Al-Quran examines attribute and predicate adjectives in English and Arabic from syntactic and semantic points of view, using contrastive analysis. The study finds that ordering adjectives is more complicated in Arabic due to their inflectional properties. The findings will benefit translators and researchers, and can raise awareness of potential issues when modifying annexation structures in Arabic versus English. 4 In When-/Whenever-Conditionals and Conditional Taxonomy, Kevin King discuss the presentation of conditionals in textbooks and websites and argues that conditional taxonomies should be revamped. In the article King argues that when and whenever are equivalent to if (in factual generic and habitual conditionals) and increasing care should be taken with notions of timeless and time-bound. In A Conversational Analysis of Language Practices in the FL Classroom: Data from a Ghanaian University Context, Benedicta Adokarley Lomotey investigates the pedagogical and sociolinguistic factors that influence practices in foreign language (FL) classrooms. Lomotey finds that several factors encourage code-switching in Spanish FL classrooms, including linguistic deficiencies, time constrains and student preferences. The article ends with a call to acknowledge the learners’ first language in the FL classroom and use it to teach the new language. Teresa Wai See Ong’s article, Safeguarding Penang Hokkien in Malaysia: Attitudes and Community-Driven Efforts, takes an ecological approach to investigate the Chinese community in Malaysia’s attitude toward Penang Hokkien, and steps taken to safeguard the language. The article highlights a community-driven effort to maintain Penang Hokkien, in which participants and member of the community recognise the inseparable relationship between language and identity. In An Acoustic Analysis of Intonation in the Taizzi Variety of Yemeni Arabic, Nada Mohammed Salem and Stefanie Pillai study intonation patterns of Taizzi Yemeni Arabic in two age groups (20-25 and 60-65) to discover if changes occurred after the 1962 revolution. Analysing the findings in relation to spontaneous speech, read passages, wh-questions and yes/no questions, the main difference between the groups was in terms of wh-questions. The author puts forward the explanation that this might be due to the increasing contact and interaction that Yemenis have had with foreigners for the past decades which influenced their linguistics practices. In Designing and Piloting a Repeated-Measures ANOVA Study on L2 Academic Writing: Methodology and Challenges, Soh Siak Bie, Tam Shu Sim and Larisa Nikitina address the challenges of implementing repeated-measures ANOVA studies of academic writing in three task conditions. She adopts the principle of progression of tasks from simple to complex, offering insights to researchers who would like to design and implement such studies. In Mid-Front and Back Vowel Mergers in Mymensingh Bangla: An Acoustic Investigation, Md Jahurul Islam and Iftikhar Ahmed study the acoustic properties of vowel categories in Mymensingh Bangla to see if two vowels merge. This novel research is the first study to confirm that the dialect does have vowel mergers. It is hoped this study will lead to further investigation of the dialects of Bangla. In Change in Chinese Personal Pronouns from a Typological Perspective, by Yeonok Hong, Chinese personal pronouns are analysed from a typological perspective and a new corpus examination underwent a typological change from a two-person to a three-person language. It discusses this previously overlooked change in Chinese pronouns in great detail. The author puts 5 forward the argument that Chinese typological studies is an underutilised research method in humanities. In Social Media and English Language Learning During Covid-19: KILAW Students’ Use, Attitude, and Prospective, Abbas H. Al-Shammari studies the
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