The 6Th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber
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Fossil Record of Stem Groups Employed In
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fossil record of stem groups employed in evaluating the chronogram of insects (Arthropoda: Received: 07 April 2016 Accepted: 16 November 2016 Hexapoda) Published: 13 December 2016 Yan-hui Wang1,2,*, Michael S. Engel3,*, José A. Rafael4,*, Hao-yang Wu2, Dávid Rédei2, Qiang Xie2, Gang Wang1, Xiao-guang Liu1 & Wen-jun Bu2 Insecta s. str. (=Ectognatha), comprise the largest and most diversified group of living organisms, accounting for roughly half of the biodiversity on Earth. Understanding insect relationships and the specific time intervals for their episodes of radiation and extinction are critical to any comprehensive perspective on evolutionary events. Although some deeper nodes have been resolved congruently, the complete evolution of insects has remained obscure due to the lack of direct fossil evidence. Besides, various evolutionary phases of insects and the corresponding driving forces of diversification remain to be recognized. In this study, a comprehensive sample of all insect orders was used to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships and estimate deep divergences. The phylogenetic relationships of insect orders were congruently recovered by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. A complete timescale of divergences based on an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock model was established among all lineages of winged insects. The inferred timescale for various nodes are congruent with major historical events including the increase of atmospheric oxygen in the Late Silurian and earliest Devonian, the radiation of vascular plants in the Devonian, and with the available fossil record of the stem groups to various insect lineages in the Devonian and Carboniferous. Over half of all described living species are insects, and they dominate all terrestrial ecosystems1. -
Late Carboniferous Paleoichnology Reveals the Oldest Full-Body Impression of a flying Insect
Late Carboniferous paleoichnology reveals the oldest full-body impression of a flying insect Richard J. Knechta,1, Michael S. Engelb,c, and Jacob S. Bennera aDepartment of Geology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155; bDivision of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum, and cDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved March 8, 2011 (received for review October 23, 2010) Insects were the first animals to evolve powered flight and did earliest mayflies and their relatives that wing fossils do not. More so perhaps 90 million years before the first flight among verte- significantly, the FBI somewhat blurs the usual distinctions brates. However, the earliest fossil record of flying insect lineages between trace and body fossils and the traditional dichotomy (Pterygota) is poor, with scant indirect evidence from the Devonian between paleoichnological and paleontological systematics and and a nearly complete dearth of material from the Early Carbonif- taxonomy. erous. By the Late Carboniferous a diversity of flying lineages is known, mostly from isolated wings but without true insights into Geological Context the paleoethology of these taxa. Here, we report evidence of a full- The geological context of the fossil locality is described in SI body impression of a flying insect from the Late Carboniferous Geological Context. Wamsutta Formation of Massachusetts, representing the oldest trace fossil of Pterygota. Through ethological and morphological Systematic Paleoichnology analysis, the trace fossil provides evidence that its maker was The following discussion is a systematic description of the trace a flying insect and probably was representative of a stem-group fossil morphology and its relation to the morphology of the in- lineage of mayflies. -
Open Research Online Oro.Open.Ac.Uk
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Research Online Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The Rhynie Chert, Scotland, and the search for life on Mars Journal Item How to cite: Preston, Louisa J. and Genge, Matthew J. (2010). The Rhynie Chert, Scotland, and the search for life on Mars. Astrobiology, 10(5) pp. 549–560. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2010 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1089/ast.2008.0321 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk ASTROBIOLOGY Volume 10, Number 5, 2010 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0321 The Rhynie Chert, Scotland, and the Search for Life on Mars Louisa J. Preston* and Matthew J. Genge Abstract Knowledge of ancient terrestrial hydrothermal systems—how they preserve biological information and how this information can be detected—is important in unraveling the history of life on Earth and, perhaps, that of extinct life on Mars. The Rhynie Chert in Scotland was originally deposited as siliceous sinter from Early Devonian hot springs and contains exceptionally well-preserved fossils of some of the earliest plants and animals to colonize the land. -
Complete Dissertation
VU Research Portal The role of transcriptional regulation in the micro-evolution of heavy metal tolerance in Orchesella cincta (Collembola) Janssens, T.K.S. 2008 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Janssens, T. K. S. (2008). The role of transcriptional regulation in the micro-evolution of heavy metal tolerance in Orchesella cincta (Collembola). PrintPartners Ipskamp. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 The role of transcriptional regulation in the micro-evolution of heavy metal tolerance in Orchesella cincta (Collembola) Publisher: Thierry K.S. Janssens Cover design: Janine Mariën Lay-out: Desiree Hoonhout Printed -
For the Love of Insects
For the Love of Insects “In terms of biomass and their interactions with other terrestrial organisms, insects are the most important group of terrestrial animals.” --Grimaldi and Engel, 2005 Outline • The Most Successful Animals on Earth: a Brief (Entomological) Journey through Time • Insect Physiology and Development • Common Insects and their Identification Whence and Whither: Insect Origins and Evolution Before diversity, there was evolution… A ~500 million year journey… Silurian • Insect Flight: 400 mya • Modern insect orders: 250 mya • Primitive mammals: 120 mya • Modern mammals: 60 mya The Jointed Animals Phylum: Arthropoda • 75% of all species on earth are arthropods • Internal/External specialization of body parts = tagmosis • Hardened exoskeleton • Articulated body plates • Paired, jointed appendages sciencenewsjournal.com Tagmosis: highly specialized body segments found in all arthropods; insects: head, thorax, abdomen; spiders: cephalothorax and opisthosoma Epiclass HEXAPODA: Late Silurian/Early Devonian Class Entognatha Order Diplura Ellipura Order Protura Order Collembola Class Insecta (= Ectognatha) Hexapoda • 6 legs; 11 abdominal segments (or fewer) taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com • Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, and Collembola • Ectognatha: Insects The First Insects: Apterygota Archaeognatha: The Jumping Bristletails • ~500 spp. worldwide; wide range of habitats; • 4 Families (2 extinct) which occur mostly in rocky habitats • Mostly detritovores, but scavenge dead arthropods or eat exuviae; • Indirect mating behavior; -
Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Frontmatter More information EVOLUTION OF THE INSECTS Insects are the most diverse group of organisms to appear in the 3-billion-year history of life on Earth, and the most ecologically dominant animals on land. This book chronicles, for the first time, the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships, and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. Current estimates of phylogeny are used to interpret the 400-million-year fossil record of insects, their extinctions, and radiations. Introductory sections include the living species, diversity of insects, methods of reconstructing evolutionary relationships, basic insect structure, and the diverse modes of insect fossilization and major fossil deposits. Major sections cover the relationships and evolution of each order of hexapod. The book also chronicles major episodes in the evolutionary history of insects: their modest beginnings in the Devonian, the origin of wings hundreds of millions of years before pterosaurs and birds, the impact that mass extinctions and the explosive radiation of angiosperms had on insects, and how insects evolved the most complex societies in nature. Evolution of the Insects is beautifully illustrated with more than 900 photo- and electron micrographs, drawings, diagrams, and field photographs, many in full color and virtually all original. The book will appeal to anyone engaged with insect diversity: professional ento- mologists and students, insect and fossil collectors, and naturalists. David Grimaldi has traveled in 40 countries on 6 continents collecting and studying recent species of insects and conducting fossil excavations. -
151 Proc. 10Th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 1988
151 Proc. 10th New Zealand Geothermal Workshop 1988 Geothermal deposits in ancient terrain as a tool in epithermal gold exploration: Examples from Scotland Keith Nicholson Geothermal Institute and Epithermal Mineralisation Research Unit University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand ABSTRACT Manganese and iron deposits Ancient (pre-Cainozoic) geothermal activity can be recognised by Silica is not the only oxide to deposit from geothermal waters, remnants of silica sinter, manganese and iron oxide deposits, although it is the most common. Manganese and iron oxides also alteration assemblages and hydrothermal eruption breccias. precipitate from hot-springs, frequently adsorbing high levels of Examples of each of these are found in north-east Scotland, dissolved metals (e.g. Hewett & Fleischer, 1960; Seward & frequently on or near the intersection of major faults and lineaments. Sheppard, 1986). Hydrothermal manganese oxide deposits can be They are all probably the product of Early Devonian geothermal distinguished with confidence on a geochemical basis using a scatter activity which appears to have been widespread in north-east plot (Fig. 2) which is based on the diagnostic hydrothermal Scotland at this time. Six potential gold prospects are identified in enrichments in As, Cu, Mo, Pb, V and Zn (Nicholson, 1986; the region. Nicholson, 1988). Example: A stratiform manganese deposit of limited extent occurs INTRODUCTION at Dalroy (Fig. 1). It overlies Precambrian schists and is itself overlain by conglomerates which mark the onset of Middle Old Red Deposits from active epithermal (geothermal) systems are often Sandstone (ORS« Devonian) sedimentation. Trials in the 1920's easily eroded and consequently poorly preserved in the geologic removed the discovery exposure, which occurred in a stream record. -
Fossil Calibrations for the Arthropod Tree of Life
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/044859; this version posted June 10, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS FOR THE ARTHROPOD TREE OF LIFE AUTHORS Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Allison C. Daley2,3, David A. Legg3, Gregory D. Edgecombe4 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PZ, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically disparate animal phylum, have received substantial attention, particularly with regard to questions such as the timing of habitat shifts (e.g. terrestrialisation), genome evolution (e.g. gene family duplication and functional evolution), origins of novel characters and behaviours (e.g. wings and flight, venom, silk), biogeography, rate of diversification (e.g. Cambrian explosion, insect coevolution with angiosperms, evolution of crab body plans), and the evolution of arthropod microbiomes. We present herein a series of rigorously vetted calibration fossils for arthropod evolutionary history, taking into account recently published guidelines for best practice in fossil calibration. -
Permian Circulipuncturites Discinisporis Labandeira, Wang, Zhang, Bek Et Pfefferkorn Gen. Et Spec. Nov
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 156 (2009) 277–282 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Permian Circulipuncturites discinisporis Labandeira, Wang, Zhang, Bek et Pfefferkorn gen. et spec. nov. (formerly Discinispora) from China, an ichnotaxon of a punch-and-sucking insect on Noeggerathialean spores Jun Wang a,⁎, Conrad C. Labandeira b,c, Guangfu Zhang d,Jiří Bek e, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn f a State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China b Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA c Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA d Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210008, China e Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 165 00, Czech Republic f Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA article info abstract Article history: The generic name Discinispora Wang, Zhang, Bek et Pfefferkorn was originally created for spores with an Received 28 September 2008 operculum-like structure that were found in a permineralized Noeggerathialean cone. Subsequently it was Received in revised form 9 March 2009 observed that up to three round and smooth openings can occur in different positions on the surface of a Accepted 15 March 2009 single spore. In light of the new observations, the previous interpretation as an operculum cannot be Available online 21 March 2009 sustained. An interpretation implicating insect punch-and-sucking activity was suggested for these round structures. -
Enigma of Hexapod Evolution
International Journal of Entomology Research International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 Received: 03-11-2019; Accepted: 05-12-2019 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 1; January 2020; Page No. 13-14 Enigma of hexapod evolution Deepak Rawal Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, MLSU Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Abstract Modern hexapod diversity represents summation of over 400 million years of high speciation rates and low levels of natural extinction. It seems that nature loves six legs. Out of the million documented species of hexapods, approx 83% are holometabola and largest group (38%) is of Coleoptera (beetles). The gap in the hexapod fossil record is called Hexapod gap. Their origin and evolution is highly debated because there are not enough fossils that directly connect them to the arthropods. Only few fossils found are not enough to precisely solve the mystery of hexapod evolution. There is no doubt that ability of flight gives them power to explore new niches and enhance their biodiversity. Origin and evolution of hexapods is somewhat more complex than it seems. Phylogenetics is not much useful because it requires a previous database to compare things and we does not have database of extinct hexapods. If we want to solve the enigma of hexapod evolution we must find another way which correlate hexapod adaptations with their contemporary environments. Keywords: hexapods, arthropods, brachiopods, myriapods, crustacean, devonian Introduction hypothesis is that hexapods were abundant but don’t seen in Hexapods are the arthropods having six legs and are the fossil record due to bad rocks that does not preserve them. -
Research Commons at The
http://waikato.researchgateway.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. PHYLOGEOGRPAHY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS FROM THE ROSS DEPENDENCY, ANTARCTICA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Master of Science in Biology in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by Nicholas J. Demetras ____________________________________ 2010 ABSTRACT The pattern of genetic diversity in many species observed today can be traced back to historic ecological events that influenced the distribution of species not only on a global but also a local scale. For example, historical events such as habitat fragmentation, divergence in isolation, and subsequent range expansion, can result in a recognisable pattern of genetic variation which can be used to infer ecological factors (e.g. effective population size, dispersal capacity), as well as those affecting speciation processes. This thesis examines these issues from a phylogeographic and phylogenetic perspective by analysing patterns of variation in the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase sub-unit 1 (COI) gene in two co-occurring Antarctic endemic arthropods in Southern Victoria Land, Ross Dependency. -
A History of Insect Phylogenetics Rsif.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Karl M
Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org Karl M. Kjer1, Chris Simon2, Margarita Yavorskaya3 and Rolf G. Beutel3 1Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, 1282 Academic Surge, Davis, CA 95616, USA Review 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA Cite this article: Kjer KM, Simon C, 3Institut fu¨r Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, FSU Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany Yavorskaya M, Beutel RG. 2016 Progress, KMK, 0000-0001-7370-9617 pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics. J. R. Soc. Interface 13: The phylogeny of insects has been both extensively studied and vigorously 20160363. debated for over a century. A relatively accurate deep phylogeny had been pro- duced by 1904. It was not substantially improved in topology until recently http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0363 when phylogenomics settled many long-standing controversies. Intervening advances came instead through methodological improvement. Early molecu- lar phylogenetic studies (1985–2005), dominated by a few genes, provided datasets that were too small to resolve controversial phylogenetic problems. Received: 9 May 2016 Adding to the lack of consensus, this period was characterized by a polariz- Accepted: 19 July 2016 ation of philosophies, with individuals belonging to either parsimony or maximum-likelihood camps; each largely ignoring the insights of the other. The result was an unfortunate detour in which the few perceived phylogenetic revolutions published by both sides of the philosophical divide were probably Subject Category: erroneous. The size of datasets has been growing exponentially since the mid- 1980s accompanied by a wave of confidence that all relationships will soon be Review known.