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The 6Th International Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber
The 7th International Conference on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber Edinburgh, Scotland 26th April – 1st May 2016 SECOND CIRCULAR LOGO Stylised reconstruction of the palaeodictyopteran Lithomantis carbonarius Woodward, 1876, from Ayr, Scotland. Drawn by Sarah Stewart. CONFERENCE VENUE National Museum of Scotland, Chambers St., Edinburgh, EH1 1JF, UK. http://www.nms.ac.uk/national-museum-of-scotland/ ORGANISING COMMITTEE Dr Andrew Ross, Principal Curator of Palaeobiology ([email protected]) Dr Yves Candela, Curator of Invertebrate Palaeobiology ([email protected]) Vicen Carrio, Palaeobiology Conservator/Preparator ([email protected]) Rachel Russell, Natural Sciences Departmental Administrator ([email protected]) Dr Sarah Stewart, Assistant Curator of Palaeobiology ([email protected]) Dr Stig Walsh, Senior Curator of Vertebrate Palaeobiology ([email protected]) http://www.nms.ac.uk/about-us/collections-departments/natural-sciences/palaeobiology/ COLLABORATION http://fossilinsects.net/ Committee: Prof. Dany Azar, President Prof. Dong Ren, Vice-President Prof. Ed Jarzembowski, Secretary Prof. Jacek Szwedo, Treasurer Prof. Michael Engel, Editor Dr Vladimir Blagoderov, Webmaster Dr Bruce Archibald, Conservation Rep. Dr Olivier Béthoux Prof. Ewa Krzeminska Dr Xavier Martinez Delclòs Dr Julian Petrulevicius Prof. Alexandr Rasnitsyn Dr Andrew Ross The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy, is Scottish Charity No. SC000470. http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/ http://www.siriscientificpress.co.uk/ CONVENTIONEDINBURGH A PART OF MARKETINGEDINBURGH http://conventionedinburgh.com/ GENERAL INFORMATION The International Conference/Congress on Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber (abbreviated to Fossils x3) is the main conference for the scientific study of non-marine arthropods and amber and is usually held every three years. -
Late Carboniferous Paleoichnology Reveals the Oldest Full-Body Impression of a flying Insect
Late Carboniferous paleoichnology reveals the oldest full-body impression of a flying insect Richard J. Knechta,1, Michael S. Engelb,c, and Jacob S. Bennera aDepartment of Geology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155; bDivision of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum, and cDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved March 8, 2011 (received for review October 23, 2010) Insects were the first animals to evolve powered flight and did earliest mayflies and their relatives that wing fossils do not. More so perhaps 90 million years before the first flight among verte- significantly, the FBI somewhat blurs the usual distinctions brates. However, the earliest fossil record of flying insect lineages between trace and body fossils and the traditional dichotomy (Pterygota) is poor, with scant indirect evidence from the Devonian between paleoichnological and paleontological systematics and and a nearly complete dearth of material from the Early Carbonif- taxonomy. erous. By the Late Carboniferous a diversity of flying lineages is known, mostly from isolated wings but without true insights into Geological Context the paleoethology of these taxa. Here, we report evidence of a full- The geological context of the fossil locality is described in SI body impression of a flying insect from the Late Carboniferous Geological Context. Wamsutta Formation of Massachusetts, representing the oldest trace fossil of Pterygota. Through ethological and morphological Systematic Paleoichnology analysis, the trace fossil provides evidence that its maker was The following discussion is a systematic description of the trace a flying insect and probably was representative of a stem-group fossil morphology and its relation to the morphology of the in- lineage of mayflies. -
Um Método De Armazenamento Para Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) Em Caixa De CD
doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v9i3.656 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publicação do Projeto Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Distribuído através da Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-ND) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © do(s) Autor(es) A Storage Method for ‘Psocoptera’ (Insecta: Psocodea) in “CD Box” Alberto Moreira Silva-Neto¹, Alfonso Neri García Aldrete², José Albertino Rafael¹ 1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA, CPEN – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, e-mail: [email protected] (Corresponding author), [email protected]. 2. Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, e-mail: [email protected]. _____________________________________ EntomoBrasilis 9 (3): 220-223 (2016) Abstract. The use of a “CD box” adapted to the storage of slides, and other body parts of dissected psocopterans was proposed. Keywords: Bark-Lice; Book-lice; Entomological collection; Paraneoptera; Psocids. Um Método de Armazenamento para Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) em Caixa de CD Resumo. O uso de uma caixa de CD adaptada para o armazenamento de lâminas e outras partes dissecadas do corpo de psocópteros foi proposto. Palavras-chave: Coleção entomológica; Paraneoptera; Piolhos de cascas de árvores; Piolho de livros; Psocídeos. _____________________________________ socoptera (psocids, booklice, barklice) is the paraphyletic wide and 143 mm long. The box is divided in the following parts: non-parasitic component of order Psocodea (Psocoptera “CD box” itself with a lower part (base), upper part (lid) that + Phthiraptera) (YOSHIZAWA & JOHNSON 2006). They range are movable between them and the “tray” (Tray or cradle CD) from 1 to 10 mm in length and are characterized by a large and internal and embedded in the base, which has a central crown mobile head, bulbous postclypeus, asymmetric mandibles, with teeth which serves to fix the CD. -
Volume 2, Chapter 12-5: Terrestrial Insects: Hemimetabola-Notoptera
Glime, J. M. 2017. Terrestrial Insects: Hemimetabola – Notoptera and Psocoptera. Chapter 12-5. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. 12-5-1 Volume 2. Interactions. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. eBook last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 12-5 TERRESTRIAL INSECTS: HEMIMETABOLA – NOTOPTERA AND PSOCOPTERA TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTOPTERA .................................................................................................................................................. 12-5-2 Grylloblattodea – Ice Crawlers ................................................................................................................. 12-5-3 Grylloblattidae – Ice Crawlers ........................................................................................................... 12-5-3 Galloisiana ................................................................................................................................. 12-5-3 Grylloblatta ................................................................................................................................ 12-5-3 Grylloblattella ............................................................................................................................ 12-5-4 PSOCOPTERA – Booklice, Barklice, Barkflies .............................................................................................. 12-5-4 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... -
For the Love of Insects
For the Love of Insects “In terms of biomass and their interactions with other terrestrial organisms, insects are the most important group of terrestrial animals.” --Grimaldi and Engel, 2005 Outline • The Most Successful Animals on Earth: a Brief (Entomological) Journey through Time • Insect Physiology and Development • Common Insects and their Identification Whence and Whither: Insect Origins and Evolution Before diversity, there was evolution… A ~500 million year journey… Silurian • Insect Flight: 400 mya • Modern insect orders: 250 mya • Primitive mammals: 120 mya • Modern mammals: 60 mya The Jointed Animals Phylum: Arthropoda • 75% of all species on earth are arthropods • Internal/External specialization of body parts = tagmosis • Hardened exoskeleton • Articulated body plates • Paired, jointed appendages sciencenewsjournal.com Tagmosis: highly specialized body segments found in all arthropods; insects: head, thorax, abdomen; spiders: cephalothorax and opisthosoma Epiclass HEXAPODA: Late Silurian/Early Devonian Class Entognatha Order Diplura Ellipura Order Protura Order Collembola Class Insecta (= Ectognatha) Hexapoda • 6 legs; 11 abdominal segments (or fewer) taxondiversity.fieldofscience.com • Entognatha: Protura, Diplura, and Collembola • Ectognatha: Insects The First Insects: Apterygota Archaeognatha: The Jumping Bristletails • ~500 spp. worldwide; wide range of habitats; • 4 Families (2 extinct) which occur mostly in rocky habitats • Mostly detritovores, but scavenge dead arthropods or eat exuviae; • Indirect mating behavior; -
Phylogeny of Endopterygote Insects, the Most Successful Lineage of Living Organisms*
REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 96: 237-253, 1999 ISSN 1210-5759 Phylogeny of endopterygote insects, the most successful lineage of living organisms* N iels P. KRISTENSEN Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Insecta, Endopterygota, Holometabola, phylogeny, diversification modes, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleóptera, Strepsiptera, Díptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera Abstract. The monophyly of the Endopterygota is supported primarily by the specialized larva without external wing buds and with degradable eyes, as well as by the quiescence of the last immature (pupal) stage; a specialized morphology of the latter is not an en dopterygote groundplan trait. There is weak support for the basal endopterygote splitting event being between a Neuropterida + Co leóptera clade and a Mecopterida + Hymenoptera clade; a fully sclerotized sitophore plate in the adult is a newly recognized possible groundplan autapomorphy of the latter. The molecular evidence for a Strepsiptera + Díptera clade is differently interpreted by advo cates of parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of sequence data, and the morphological evidence for the monophyly of this clade is ambiguous. The basal diversification patterns within the principal endopterygote clades (“orders”) are succinctly reviewed. The truly species-rich clades are almost consistently quite subordinate. The identification of “key innovations” promoting evolution -
Karyotype of Karoophasma Biedouwense (Austrophasmatidae)
Eur. J. Entomol. 112(4): 599–605, 2015 doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.093 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) First chromosomal study of Mantophasmatodea: Karyotype of Karoophasma biedouwense (Austrophasmatidae) DOROTA LACHOWSKA-CIERLIK1, ANNA MARyAńSKA-Nadachowska2, VALENTINA KuZNETSOvA3 and MIKE PICKER4 1 Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian university, Cracow, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Systematic and Evolution of Animals, PAS, Cracow, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, university of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Mantophasmatodea, Karoophasma biedouwense, FISH, heterochromatin, heelwalkers, meiosis, ribosomal genes, sex determination system, telomeres Abstract. We have investigated for the first time the chromosomes of Karoophasma biedouwense, a species belonging to the Manto- phasmatodea, a recently discovered order of carnivorous insects. Our study has revealed that males of this species display testes with numerous seminal tubes (follicles), as in other Polyneoptera, and short tubular seminal vesicles embedded in a utricular gland. The karyotype consists of 2n = 12A + X monocentric and biarmed, meta/submetacentric chromosomes (fundamental number of arms: FN = 26) with blocks of heterochromatin around centromeres. The autosomes are classified into two size groups, one represented by a single, very large pair of autosomes, the other by five smaller pairs which constitute a continuous series gradually decreasing in size. Among “monocentric” orders of Polyneoptera, K. biedouwense shares its low chromosome number, 2n = 13, as also found with some Orthoptera (Acridoidea, Grylloidea, Gryllacridoidea). -
Monophyletic Polyneoptera Recovered by Wing Base Structure
Title Monophyletic Polyneoptera recovered by wing base structure Author(s) Yoshizawa, Kazunori Systematic Entomology, 36(3), 377-394 Citation https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00572.x Issue Date 2011-07 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/49480 Rights The definitive version is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Type article (author version) File Information SE36-3_377-394.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Running title: Phylogeny of Polyneoptera Monophyletic Polyneoptera recovered by the wing base structure KAZUNORI YOSHIZAWA Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Correspondence: Kazunori Yoshizawa, Systematic Entomology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan. E-mail. [email protected] Abstract. Phylogenetic relationships among the winged orders of Polyneoptera (Blattodea, Dermaptera, Embiodea or Embioptera, Isoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Plecoptera, Zoraptera) were estimated based on morphological data selected from the hindwing base structure. Cladistic analyses were carried out using the hindwing base data alone and in combination with other, more general, morphological data. Both data sets resulted in similar trees and recovered monophyly of Polyneoptera. Deepest phylogenetic relationships among the polyneopteran orders were not confidently estimated, but monophyly of Mystroptera (= Embiodea + Zoraptera), Orthopterida (= Orthoptera + Phasmatodea) and Dictyoptera (= Blattodea + Mantodea + Isoptera) was supported consistently. In contrast, placements of Plecoptera and Dermaptera were unstable, although independent analysis of the wing base data supported their sister group relationship with two non-homoplasious synapomorphies (unique conditions in the ventral basisubcostale and in the articulation between the antemedian notal wing process and first axillary sclerite). -
Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Frontmatter More information EVOLUTION OF THE INSECTS Insects are the most diverse group of organisms to appear in the 3-billion-year history of life on Earth, and the most ecologically dominant animals on land. This book chronicles, for the first time, the complete evolutionary history of insects: their living diversity, relationships, and 400 million years of fossils. Whereas other volumes have focused on either living species or fossils, this is the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of insect evolution. Current estimates of phylogeny are used to interpret the 400-million-year fossil record of insects, their extinctions, and radiations. Introductory sections include the living species, diversity of insects, methods of reconstructing evolutionary relationships, basic insect structure, and the diverse modes of insect fossilization and major fossil deposits. Major sections cover the relationships and evolution of each order of hexapod. The book also chronicles major episodes in the evolutionary history of insects: their modest beginnings in the Devonian, the origin of wings hundreds of millions of years before pterosaurs and birds, the impact that mass extinctions and the explosive radiation of angiosperms had on insects, and how insects evolved the most complex societies in nature. Evolution of the Insects is beautifully illustrated with more than 900 photo- and electron micrographs, drawings, diagrams, and field photographs, many in full color and virtually all original. The book will appeal to anyone engaged with insect diversity: professional ento- mologists and students, insect and fossil collectors, and naturalists. David Grimaldi has traveled in 40 countries on 6 continents collecting and studying recent species of insects and conducting fossil excavations. -
A Tale of Two Analyses: Estimating the Consequences of Shifts in Hexapod Diversification
Blackwell Science, LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4066The Linnean Society of London, 2003? 2003 801 2336 Original Article HEXAPOD DIVERSIFICATION P. J. MAYHEW Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 23–36. With 2 figures A tale of two analyses: estimating the consequences of shifts in hexapod diversification PETER J. MAYHEW Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Received 2 September 2002; accepted for publication 31 January 2003 I present a novel descriptive (non-statistical) method to help identify the location and importance of shifts in diver- sification across a phylogeny. The method first estimates radiation rates across terminal higher taxa and then sub- jects these rates to a parsimony analysis across the phylogeny. The reconstructions define the magnitude, direction and influence of past shifts in realized diversification rates across nodes. I apply the method to data on the extant hexapod orders. The results indicate that the Coleoptera (beetles) and Diptera (flies) have contributed large upward shifts in diversification tendency, without which, under the model employed, global species richness would be reduced by 20% and 6%, respectively. The origin of Neoptera (insects with wing flexion), identified elsewhere as a sig- nificant radiation, may represent a large positive, a large negative or zero influence on current species richness, depending on the assumed phylogeny and parsimony method. The most influential radiations are attributable to the origin of the Eumetabola (insects with complete metamorphosis plus bugs and their relatives) and Pterygota (winged insects), but there is presently only weak evidence that they represent significant shifts in underlying diversification tendency. -
Phylogeny and Life History Evolution of Blaberoidea (Blattodea)
78 (1): 29 – 67 2020 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020. Phylogeny and life history evolution of Blaberoidea (Blattodea) Marie Djernæs *, 1, 2, Zuzana K otyková Varadínov á 3, 4, Michael K otyk 3, Ute Eulitz 5, Kla us-Dieter Klass 5 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom — 2 Natural History Museum Aarhus, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Marie Djernæs * [[email protected]] — 3 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sci- ence, Charles University, Prague, 12844, Czech Republic; Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová [[email protected]]; Michael Kotyk [[email protected]] — 4 Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, 11579, Czech Republic — 5 Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany; Klaus-Dieter Klass [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted on February 19, 2020. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on May 26, 2020. Editor in charge: Gavin Svenson Abstract. Blaberoidea, comprised of Ectobiidae and Blaberidae, is the most speciose cockroach clade and exhibits immense variation in life history strategies. We analysed the phylogeny of Blaberoidea using four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes from 99 blaberoid taxa. Blaberoidea (excl. Anaplectidae) and Blaberidae were recovered as monophyletic, but Ectobiidae was not; Attaphilinae is deeply subordinate in Blattellinae and herein abandoned. Our results, together with those from other recent phylogenetic studies, show that the structuring of Blaberoidea in Blaberidae, Pseudophyllodromiidae stat. rev., Ectobiidae stat. rev., Blattellidae stat. rev., and Nyctiboridae stat. rev. (with “ectobiid” subfamilies raised to family rank) represents a sound basis for further development of Blaberoidea systematics. -
Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S
Cambridge University Press 0521821495 - Evolution of the Insects David Grimaldi and Michael S. Engel Index More information INDEX 12S rDNA, 32, 228, 269 Aenetus, 557 91; general, 57; inclusions, 57; menageries 16S rDNA, 32, 60, 237, 249, 269 Aenigmatiinae, 536 in, 56; Mexican, 55; parasitism in, 57; 18S rDNA, 32, 60, 61, 158, 228, 274, 275, 285, Aenne, 489 preservation in, 58; resinite, 55; sub-fossil 304, 307, 335, 360, 366, 369, 395, 399, 402, Aeolothripidae, 284, 285, 286 resin, 57; symbioses in, 303; taphonomy, 468, 475 Aeshnoidea, 187 57 28S rDNA, 32, 158, 278, 402, 468, 475, 522, 526 African rock crawlers (see Ambermantis wozniaki, 259 Mantophasmatodea) Amblycera, 274, 278 A Afroclinocera, 630 Amblyoponini, 446, 490 aardvark, 638 Agaonidae, 573, 616: fossil, 423 Amblypygida, 99, 104, 105: in amber, 104 abdomen: function, 131; structure, 131–136 Agaoninae, 423 Amborella trichopoda, 613, 620 Abies, 410 Agassiz, Alexander, 26 Ameghinoia, 450, 632 Abrocomophagidae, 274 Agathiphaga, 560 Ameletopsidae, 628 Acacia, 283 Agathiphagidae, 561, 562, 567, 630 American Museum of Natural History, 26, 87, acalyptrate Diptera: ecological diversity, 540; Agathis, 76 91 taxonomy, 540 Agelaia, 439 Amesiginae, 630 Acanthocnemidae, 391 ages, using fossils, 37–39; using DNA, 38–40 ametaboly, 331 Acari, 99, 105–107: diversity, 101, fossils, 53, Ageniellini, 435 amino acids: racemization, 61 105–107; in-Cretaceous amber, 105, 106 Aglaspidida, 99 ammonites, 63, 642 Aceraceae, 413 Aglia, 582 Amorphoscelidae, 254, 257 Acerentomoidea, 113 Agrias, 600 Amphientomidae,