Kammer Konzert

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Kammer Konzert KAMMER KONZERT SA 11. FEBRUAR, 20 UHR BADEN-BADEN, MUSEUM FRIEDER BURDA SO 12. FEBRUAR, 16 UHR STUTTGART, NEUES SCHLOSS MO 13. FEBRUAR 20 UHR FREIBURG, KONZERTHAUS PROGRAMM Das von den Mitgliedern des SWR Symphonieorchester eigenstän- dig organisierte und gestaltete Programm ihrer Kammerkonzerte FRANZ SCHREKER ist in diesem 2. Konzert der Saison so vielgestaltig und besetzungs- 1878 – 1934 übergreifend, dass es sich nicht in die klassischen (Besetzungs-) DER WIND Gattungen – wie etwa Streichquartett, Bläserquintett oder Klavier- TANZALLEGORIE FÜR KLARINETTE, HORN UND KLAVIERTRIO trio – fügt. In diesen Formationen geht es vielmehr um ein Instru- mentenfamilien überschreitendes Musizieren, um ein Miteinander, CLAUDE DEBUSSY das genaues aufeinander Hören, ja neugierig Sein erfordert. 1862 – 1918 SONATE FÜR FLÖTE, VIOLA UND HARFE L 137 Franz Schreker 1878, dreieinhalb Jahre nach Arnold Schönberg in 1. Satz: Pastorale. Lento, dolce rubato Monaco geboren, war einer der erfolgreichsten Opernkomponisten 2. Satz: Interlude. Tempo di minuetto (nach Richard Strauss), der seine größten Erfolge in den Zwanziger 3. Satz: Finale. Allegro moderato, ma risoluto Jahren feierte und zunächst ein typischer Vertreter des Fin de siècle war. Der Sohn eines jüdischen Hofphotographen aus Böhmen und CLAUDE DEBUSSY einer Mutter, die einer altsteirischen Adelsfamilie entstammte, RHAPSODIE FÜR KLARINETTE UND KLAVIER NR. 1 L 116 war Schüler von Robert Fuchs in Wien, leitete dort den Philharmo- (Fassung für Klarinette und Kammerorchester von Todd Palmer) nischen Chor und ein Jahr später, 1912, eine Kompositionsklasse an der Akademie für Tonkunst. Aufgrund seiner großen Bühnener- KRZYSZTOF PENDERECKI folge (u.a. ›Der ferne Klang‹, ›Das Spielwerk und die Prinzessin‹, *1933 ›Die Gezeichneten‹, ›Der Schatzgräber‹ und ›Irrelohe‹), zu denen SEXTETT FÜR KLARINETTE, HORN UND KLAVIERQUARTETT er zumeist selbst die von der Psychoanalyse beeinflussten Libretti 1. Satz: Allegro moderato schrieb, erhielt er die Direktorenstelle in der Berliner Akademischen 2. Satz: Larghetto Hochschule für Musik (1920 bis 1931). Die Nazis vertrieben ihn von dieser Position und schließlich, nach der Machtergreifung, ganz Anne Romeis, Flöte · Kilian Herold, Klarinette aus dem Lehrbetrieb. 1934 starb Schreker an einem Herzinfarkt in Wolfgang Wipfler, Horn · Hwa-Won Rimmer, Gabriele Turck, Violine Berlin – auch ein Opfer der Nazis! Die farbenprächtig funkelnde, Ayano Yamazoe, Viola · Ulrike Hofmann, Violoncello schillernde, sinnliche, ja erotische und erotisierende Musik Franz Konstanze Brenner, Kontrabass · Ursula Eisert, Harfe Schrekers ist vielleicht am ehesten vergleichbar mit der Kunst eines Nicholas Rimmer, Klavier Gustav Klimt. Aus dem Umfeld dieses Künstlers wurde dem jungen Komponisten tatkräftige Förderung zuteil: 1908 eröffnete die Tän- zerin Grete Wiesenthal die Kunstschau der Wiener Secession mit Schrekers Pantomime ›Der Geburtstag der Infantin‹ und schon im SENDUNG · MI 12. April in SWR2 Abendkonzert ab 20.03 – 22 UHR darauffolgenden Jahr erhielt der Komponist von ihr den Auftrag für Der Wind, eine Tanzallegorie für fünf Instrumente. Das Prosaszenarium absolut gleichberechtigte Partner, voller agogischer Freiheiten sind, von Grete Wiesenthal, das in der Partitur als »Dichtung« bezeichnet versteht sich von selbst. Wie weit sich Debussy von dem ihm zuge- wird, bildet die Grundlage der Komposition. Schrekers Musik erzählt schriebenen »Impressionismus« gelöst hat, zeigen die explosiven, ja vom Wind, den Blättern, Bäumen und Menschen. Der Wind steigert »wüsten« Ausbrüche im Finalsatz. Sie weisen direkt in das Zeitalter sich bis zur Sturmgewalt, um sich danach wieder zu beruhigen. Ent- des Expressionismus und der Anti-Romantik. sprechend hat die Dynamik bei Schreker einen bogenartigen Verlauf. Der impressionistische Beginn im doppelten Piano geht in einen wiene- Wenn wir an das Neue der Musik Claude Debussys denken, dann sind es risch-burlesken Walzer über, die Violine schwelgt über jugendstilhafter vor allem die Klangfarben und eine neue, nämlich sehr freie metrische Ornamentik, dann verdüstert sich die Stimmung ins Dramatische und Formensprache. Sowohl für das Klavier wie auch das Orchester und Expressive, um schließlich als quasi Reprise Motive und Stimmung des besonders die Holzbläser findet er neue Klangfarben – so etwa im Flö- Beginns wieder aufzunehmen. Die Schwestern Wiesenthal nahmen tensolo von »Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune«. Ähnliche Qualitäten Schrekers Stück übrigens in ein Tourneeprogramm auf. zeichnen auch seine Musik für Klarinette aus. Letztere schrieb er für das Pariser Konservatorium, das Conservatoire national de Musique. Am Beginn des 1. Weltkrieges, drei Jahre vor seinem Tod, begann Claude Debussy war 1909 von Gabriel Faurè als Jury-Mitglied in die Bläser- Debussy einen Zyklus von »Six sonates pour divers instruments« zu kommission des Pariser Conservatoires berufen worden. Für deren schreiben. Auf dem Titelblatt nannte er sich stolz einen »Musicien Bläserwettbewerbe schrieb er zwei Werke für Klarinette und Klavier, francais«. Debussy also ein französisch empfindender und vor allem die den Klarinettisten als Pflichtstücke vorgelegt wurden: Petite Pièce patriotischer Musiker, der sich gegen die deutsch-österreichischen und die Première Rhapsodie. Letztere entstand 1909/01 und wurde Feinde abzugrenzen suchte. Anknüpfen wollte er an die Kunst Jean vom Komponisten ein Jahr darauf für Klarinete und Orchester instru- Philippe Rameaus, dessen Musik »in der Fülle ihrer genialen Einfälle mentiert. Die erste öffentliche Aufführung erfolgte im Januar 1911 fast einzigartig« sei. Von den geplanten sechs Sonaten für diverse Ins- durch Paul Mimart, dem die Rhapsodie »als Zeugnis der Sympathie« trumente konnte er nur drei vollenden: 1915 die Sonate für Violoncello zugeeignet ist. Sie beginnt mit einem «träumerischen« langsamen Teil und Klavier, 1917 die Sonate für Violine und Klavier und dazwischen, und endet «lebhaft scherzend«. 1916, die Sonate für Flöte, Viola und Harfe. Allesamt zählen sie zur bedeutendsten Kammermusik des 20.Jahrhunderts. Debussys Anknüp- Der polnische Komponist Krzysztof Penderecki hat sich in die Musik- fen an die Welt des französischen Barock wird in der zweiten Sonate, geschichte vor allem als Schöpfer groß besetzter Partituren einge- einer Triosonate, besonders deutlich: Der erste pastorale Satz in freiem schrieben. Sein Sextett für Klarinette, Horn und Streichtrio wurde am Metrum knüpft an die Ästhetik der Clavecinisten des 18. Jahrhunderts 7. Juni 2000 im Wiener Musikverein als Auftragswerk der Gesellschaft an, mit denen sie ihre Cembalosuiten eröffneten. Der zweite Satz ist der Musikfreunde in höchst prominenter Besetzung uraufgeführt (u.a. ein stilisiertes Menuett mit barocken Rhythmen und Verzierungen und spielten Maxim Vengerov und Mstislaw Rostropowitsch). Penderecki das Finale ein schneller Tanzsatz. Andererseits aber knüpft Debussy an versteht sein Sextett von 1999/2000 als Synthese der verschiedenen die Naturmystik an, die sich schon beim »Prélude à l’après-midi d’un Stile des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts: «Das Sextett ist ein typisches Werk Faune« und in »Syrinx« ausdrückte. Dass hier alle drei Instrumente des Jahrhundertendes, indem es sich auf die Erfahrungen des ganzen 20. Jahrhunderts bezieht, in welchem verschiedene Stile entstanden DAS NÄCHSTE KAMMERKONZERT sind.« Ausdrücklich bezieht sich Penderecki, wie er selbst sagte, in sei- ner Kammermusik auf Strawinsky, Bartók und Schostakowitsch, ohne allerdings die Härten seiner Musik aus den 60er Jahren des vorigen FR 3. MÄRZ, 20 UHR Jahrhunderts zu vernachlässigen. Das vor allem durch chromatische FREIBURG, KONZERTHAUS Skalen geprägte Sextett ist ein hochemotionales, fast monumenta- SA 4. MÄRZ, 20 UHR les Werk, sowohl in der Anlage der Einzelsätze wie des Ganzen. Ein BADEN-BADEN, MUSEUM FRIEDER BURDA schneller Satz (Allegro moderato) gerät langsam in Fahrt und mündet SO 5. MÄRZ, 16 UHR in ein furioses, energetisch aufgeladenes Spiel der Instrumente, im STUTTGART, NEUES SCHLOSS Charakter zwischen Wettkampf und Dialog schwankend. Motivische Gesten im ätherischen Umfeld betonen den Sprachcharakter der Musik Pendereckis ebenso wie insistierende Motivwiederholungen. JÖRG WIDMANN Marsch und Walzer und Anklänge an Klezmer-Musik sind deutlich Oktett für Klarinette, Fagott, Horn, Streichquartett und Kontrabass hörbar. Die äußerst farbenreiche Musik kommt ohne avantgardistische FRANZ SCHUBERT Spielpraktiken aus. Penderecki vertraut den Tönen. Der zweite Teil der Oktett für Klarinette, Fagott, Horn, Streichquartett und Kontrabass Komposition ist ein langsamer Satz, der von Lamento-Gesten bestimmt D 803 (op. post. 166) wird, die freilich immer wieder von aufgewühlt motorischen Passa- Sebastian Manz · Klarinette, gen konterkariert werden. Béla Bartóks Musik für Saiteninstrumente, Hanno Dönneweg · Fagott Schlagzeug und Celesta, aber auch Musik von Schostakowitsch klingt Marc Noetzel · Horn an und bildet Raum für Melancholie, in dem das Horn »lontano«, von Natalie Chee, Phillip Roy · Violine Ferne, einen Dialog mit den übrigen Instrumenten führt. Im Verlauf Jean-Eric Soucy · Viola gewinnt der trauerkonduktartige Charakter dieser bekenntnishaften Frank-Michael Guthmann · Violoncello Musik an Intensität, um schließlich introvertiert auszuklingen. Konstanze Brenner · Kontrabass KONZERTKARTEN: SWR CLASSIC SERVICE 07221 300100 KLANGVIELFALT ERLEBEN · JEDERZEIT ONLINE SWR WEB CONCERTS SWRCLASSIC.DE .
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