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Malte 10 Au 17.09.2011

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Malte 10 Au 17.09.2011 Retraités UIT MALTE 2011 M A LT E Du 10 au 17 septembre 2011 Participants AGHIGA Rosette MACMAHON Merle AUGSBURGER Eddy MALAVALLON Nicole AUGSBURGER Liliane MARECHAL Jeanine BARRACK Doreen MATTEI Yves BERTOSSA Danièle MATTEI Marinette BIGI Fabio MORET Richard BONVIN Danielle MORET Agathe BRUNET Jackie PALMETER Mary Anne CARRAZ Gisèle PASQUIER Marie-Claude COOPOOSAMY Marcel RICHARDET Dominique DARX-ESTERO Cécile RICHARDET Patricia DE MICHELY Liliane SANSONNENS Martine DUBOIS Helena URENA Marie-José LADOR Sam ZANELLI Frédéric Accompagnateurs BONICCI Adrienne ESTERO Jean-Marie Bienvenue à Malte! Malte est la plus grande ile de l`archipel. La plus longue distance de l`ile depuis le sud-est jusqu`au nord-ouest est de 27 km, le plus large, de l`est à l`ouest est de 14,5 km. Elle n`a ni rivières ni montagnes mais elle est caractérisée par une série de montées et de descentes. La cote maltaise est attrayante avec ses ports, ses baies, ses criques et plusieurs magnifique plages et criques Le Grand Port de la Valette rocheuses. Les plus belles plages sont au nord dont Mellieha Bay parmi elles. La Baie de Mellieha La capitale maltaise porte le nom de son fondateur français Jean Parisot de La Valette (1494 - 1568) grand maître de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem. C'est un an après le siège de l'île par les Ottomans en 1565 que la nouvelle ville sera érigée sur la colline des Xiberras, comme une ville forte capable de contenir toutes interventions militaires des Ottomans. La porte de ville, City Gate , est l'entrée principale dans La Valette. Elle a été inaugurée pendant les cérémonies de l'indépendance en 1964; elle faisait partie d'un projet non encore réalisé, le réaménagement de l'entrée de la ville avec la reconstruction de l'Opéra royal, détruit lors de bombardements en 1942. Triq ir-Repubblika en maltais et Republic street en anglais (rue de la République) est l'artère principale de la ville; appelée Kingsway durant la colonisation anglaise, Strada Reale par les italophones, Strada San Giorgio sous l'administration de l'ordre de Saint-Jean, les Français la rebaptisèrent rue La Valette Nationale. Elle se déroule sur toute la longueur de La Valette, de la porte de la ville jusqu'au fort Saint-Elme. La cité comporte plusieurs églises: la plus connue est la Co-Cathédrale Saint-Jean (œuvre de l'architecte maltais Gerolamo Cassar), autrefois appelée l'église des chevaliers. La capitale abrite de nombreux monuments, dont l'ancien Palais des grands maîtres, de nos jours Palais de la république, le Président y a ses bureaux et le Parlement maltais son siège. Avec 320 monuments sur une superficie de 55 hectares, La Valette constitue la plus forte concentration historique au monde. Auberge de Castille La résidence administrative du premier ministre Vue du Grand Port et des remparts depuis le jardin Herbert Ganado à Floriana Valletta Waterfront Les couleurs des balcons Les remparts en fête quand Malte devient membre de l'Union européenne le 1er mai 2004 La langue nationale Le maltais (en maltais : Malti) est la seule langue nationale de Malte, et avec l’anglais une des deux langues officielles du pays ; il est aussi une des 23 langues officielles de l'Union européenne. Le maltais n'est pas seulement la seule langue sémitique de l'Union européenne, c'est aussi la seule langue sémitique qui soit transcrite à l'aide d'un alphabet basé sur l'alphabet latin, enrichi cependant de diacritiques comme le point suscrit ou la barre inscrite. L'origine de la langue est l'arabe ifriqiyen relexifié à partir de superstrats sicilien et italien, dans une moindre mesure français et plus récemment anglais. En raison de son origine arabe, le maltais est classé comme langue sémitique. Dans le passé, il a été considéré, la mythologie politique aidant, comme étant d'origine phénico-carthaginoise et non d'origine arabe, mais cette théorie est aujourd'hui abandonnée. Trois grandes périodes peuvent être distinguées dans l'évolution de la langue maltaise: le maltais sémitique ou arabe maltais, jusqu'à l'expulsion des Arabes de Malte, le maltais ancien, jusqu'à l'officialisation d'un alphabet, d'une orthographe et d'une grammaire en 1934, et le maltais moderne parlé aujourd'hui dans les îles. Il est possible de remarquer au XXI e siècle l'apparition d'un maltais relâché, le maltish , sorte de pidgin de maltais et d'anglais. Le maltais est devenu une des langues officielles de Malte en 1934, à côté de l'anglais, quand l'usage officiel de l'italien a été abandonné. Aujourd'hui le nombre de locuteurs est estimé à 500 000, dont 400 000 résidant à Malte. Les milliers d'émigrés maltais en Australie, au Canada, à Gibraltar, en Italie, au Royaume-Uni et aux États-Unis pratiquent cette langue en famille. La langue maltaise n'était traditionnellement pas écrite, l'écriture se faisant en italien. Le plus ancien document connu en maltais est « Il-Kantilena », un poème du XV e siècle écrit par Pietro Caxaro. Marsaxlokk Une flottille de luzzu danse sur les vagues quand le vent souffle. Ces barques multicolores sont devenues le label de Malte avec leur forme, leurs couleurs et surtout leurs deux yeux. Ancrées dans le port, elles étonnent et ravissent toujours. Il n'en reste pourtant qu'une poignée. Plus personne ne s'amuse à fabriquer ces lourdes barques en bois. Alors les dernières qui restent sont chouchoutées, restaurées et repeintes avec soin. Les yeux d’Osiris des luzzu à Marsaxlokk La présence des deux yeux sur les barques trouve son origine dans les croyances phéniciennes. Les "yeux d'Osiris" étaient censés protéger et avertir les marins des dangers en mer et Dieu sait s’ils étaient nombreux à l’époque! Le choix des couleurs n'est pas non plus anodin. Si le jaune symbolise le soleil et le bleu la mer, le rouge traduit le courage des pêcheurs et le vert la part de chance et d'espoir nécessaire à l'exercice de leur métier. Pour la plupart des îles méditerranéennes, la mer a souvent été synonyme de danger. Elle apportait les envahisseurs et les pirates de tous bords, engloutissait régulièrement maris et enfants. Malte n'a pas dérogé à la règle. Et Marsaxlokk peut en témoigner. Dans cette baie bien protégée sont arrivés les Phéniciens, les Grecs puis les Romains. En 1565, lors du Grand Siège, ce sont 40 000 Turcs qui y débarquent suivis, en 1798, par les soldats de Bonaparte. Et c'est par là aussi que les Allemands avaient prévu d'envahir Malte au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Désormais, la baie de Marsaxlokk se prête plus pacifiquement à des sorties en mer à bord des fameux luzzu et au marché très animé du dimanche matin! Il karozzin Ce moyen typique de déplacement tout en couleurs et en finesse est au fil des décennies devenu un objet à destination des touristes et des mariés. (Notez les façades des maisons et les balcons typiques en bois). Mdina L'histoire de Mdina et de son extension Rabat est aussi ancienne et aussi mouvementée que l'histoire de l'archipel elle-même. Les origines de Mdina, la capitale médiévale de Malte, remontent à plus de 4000 ans. Rabat peut se prévaloir d'être à l'origine du christianisme à Malte. C'est ici, en 60, que le saint apôtre Paul aurait vécu après son naufrage sur l'archipel. Mdina comme Rabat sont fascinantes à parcourir pour l'atmosphère intemporelle qu'elles distillent et pour leurs trésors culturels et religieux. Mdina a eu plusieurs noms et titres en fonction de ses occupants successifs : Medina pour les arabes puis "Citta Vecchia", la cité ancienne, lorsque La Valette devint le cœur de l'archipel. Mais aucun autre nom ne la décrit mieux que son nom médiéval, "Citta Notabile", la cité noble. C'était et c'est depuis toujours la demeure des familles nobles de Malte, dont certaines descendent des maîtres normands, siciliens et espagnols qui s'installèrent pour certains dès le XII ème siècle. Leurs palais impressionnants bordent les rues étroites et ombragées. Parmi eux, l'imposante Casa Inguanez, demeure de l'une des plus anciennes familles nobles de Malte. Mdina est l'un des plus beaux exemples en Europe d'ancienne cité fortifiée, atypique pour son mélange d'architecture médiévale et baroque. De nos jours, Mdina, avec ses ruelles trop étroites, conserve une atmosphère calme et mesurée, conforme à son noble passé. Remparts illuminés la nuit, Mdina se transforme en "cité silencieuse". Gozo (en maltais Għawdex ) est le nom de la deuxième île (par superficie) de l'archipel maltais. L'île de Gozo est située à 4 km au nord-ouest de l'île de Malte. Gozo a une superficie 67 km², soit l'équivalent de l'île de Hong Kong. L'île La baie de Ramla Ta’ Pinu regroupe 30 000 habitants, dont 6 000 dans la capitale Rabat (aussi connue sous le nom de Victoria). En 2006, deux épaves ont volontairement été coulées sur la côte sud de l'île : le Comino Land et le Karwela . Ces deux bateaux reposent entre 23 et 39 m de fond et entrent dans un projet de développement du tourisme Dwejra de plongée. Une légende dit que c'est à Gozo que la nymphe Calypso Une ruelle de la citadelle garda Ulysse prisonnier Toutes les routes de Gozo mènent pendant sept ans. à Rabat, aussi appelée Victoria, la capitale de l’île. La Citadelle du Au nombre de ses village peut être vue depuis presque attractions touristiques, l'île toute l'île.
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