Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 Youth Cultures Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RRT67122_C000.inddT67122_C000.indd i 44/6/2007/6/2007 110:20:010:20:01 AAMM Routledge Advances in Sociology Rave Culture and Religion Challenging Hegemonic Masculinity Edited by Graham St. John Richard Howson Creation and Returns of Social Social Isolation in Modern Society Capital Roelof Hortulanus, Anja Machielse and A New Research Program Ludwien Meeuwesen Edited by Henk Flap and Beate Völker Weber and the Persistence of Self-Care Religion Embodiment, Personal Autonomy and the Social Theory, Capitalism and the Sublime Shaping of Health Consciousness Joseph W. H. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Youth cultures : scenes, subcultures and tribes / edited by Paul Hodkinson and Wolfgang Deicke. p. cm. -- (Routledge advances in sociology ; 26) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-415-37612-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Youth--Case studies. 2. Subculture--Case studies. I. Hodkinson, Paul. II. Deicke, Wolfgang. HQ796.Y59272 2007 305.23509182’1--dc22 2006031355 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Routledge Web site at http://www.routledge.com ISBN 0-203-94173-X Master e-book ISBN RRT67122_C000.inddT67122_C000.indd iivv 44/6/2007/6/2007 110:20:330:20:33 AAMM Contents Illustrations and Tables vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Youth cultures: A critical outline of key debates 1 PAUL HODKINSON 2 As young as you feel: Youth as a discursive construct 23 ANDY BENNETT 3 Recent concepts in youth cultural studies: Critical refl ections from the sociology of music 37 DAVID HESMONDHALGH 4 ‘Insider’ and ‘outsider’ issues in youth research 51 RHODA MACRAE 5 Rethinking the subcultural commodity: The case of heavy metal t-shirt culture(s) 63 ANDY BROWN 6 Resistance or incorporation? Youth policy making and hip hop culture 79 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RUPA HUQ 7 Resistance and commercialisation in ‘distasteful movements’: Right-wing politics and youth culture in East Germany 93 WOLFGANG DEICKE RRT67122_C000a.inddT67122_C000a.indd v 33/22/2007/22/2007 111:28:061:28:06 AAMM vi Contents 8 Gender, status and subcultural capital in the goth scene 111 DUNJA BRILL 9 Homegirls remember: Discourse and literacy practices among U.S. Latina gang girls 127 NORMA MENDOZA-DENTON 10 Youth culture and ethnicity: Emerging youth interculture in South London 145 BEN GIDLEY 11 Youth claiming space: The case of Pittsburgh’s Mr. Roboto Project 161 STEWART VARNER 12 Hip hop’s musicians and audiences in the local musical ‘milieu’ 175 PETER WEBB 13 ‘Pin-up punks’: The reality of a virtual community 189 ERIC CHAMBERLIN 14 A ‘bounded virtuality’: ICTs and youth in Alghero, Sardinia 203 SILVIA FERRERO 15 Identity and structure in online gaming: Young people’s symbolic and virtual extensions of self 217 NIC CROWE AND SIMON BRADFORD Bibliography 231 Selective discography 253 Contributors 255 Index 259 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RRT67122_C000a.inddT67122_C000a.indd vvii 33/22/2007/22/2007 111:28:301:28:30 AAMM Illustrations and Tables Figure 5.1 CCCS circuit of style construction and incorporation. 65 Figure 5.2 Metal t-shirt (photograph: A. Brown). 73 Figure 5.3 Metal t-shirt (photograph: A. Brown). 76 Figure 6.1 Université du Hip Hop (photograph: R. Huq). 86 Table 7.1 Incidents with right-wing/racist background, by nature of offence 1986–89, 1992–2002. 96 Table 7.2a Membership in right-wing and neo-Nazi groups 1990–93. 98 Table 7.2b Membership in right-wing groups and parties 1995–2000. 99 Table 7.3 Age profi les of known right-wing offfenders (per cent). 100 Figure 8.1 ‘Femininity’ in goth style (photograph: S.L. Hodkinson). 114 Table 9.1 Semiotic correlates of Norteña and Sureña gang participation in So. SF Bay area, ca. 1995. 132 Figure 11.1 The Mr Roboto project (photograph: J. Varner). 162 Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 Figure 11.2 ‘Brain Handle’ playing at The Mr. Roboto project (photograph: C. Wright). 165 Figure 15.1 Runescape screenshot (courtesy Jagex LTD). 218 Figure 15.2 Runescape screenshot (courtesy Jagex LTD). 224 RRT67122_C000b.inddT67122_C000b.indd vviiii 22/4/2007/4/2007 44:43:33:43:33 PPMM Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RRT67122_C000b.inddT67122_C000b.indd vviiiiii 22/4/2007/4/2007 44:43:36:43:36 PPMM Acknowledgments The idea for this book originated with the 2003 Scenes, Subcultures and Tribes: Youth Cultures in the 21st Century conference, organised by the BSA Youth Study Group at the University of Northampton, U.K. Such was the range and quality of the contributions to that event that an edited col- lection offering a sense of the broad range of contemporary youth cultural research seemed an obvious next step. Because of this, we would like to thank all those who participated in that conference and the BSA Youth Study group itself, which continues to act as a valuable hub for researchers in this area. Our gratitude also extends to colleagues at Northampton who helped organise the conference. Thanks also go to all those who were involved as participants in the range of research presented in the book. Most of all, however, we would like to thank all the individual chapter authors featured in the book for their extensive time, energy and patience as well as for their expertise. Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RRT67122_C000c.inddT67122_C000c.indd iixx 22/4/2007/4/2007 44:44:20:44:20 PPMM Downloaded by [Central Uni Library Bucharest] at 02:00 24 September 2013 RRT67122_C000c.inddT67122_C000c.indd x 22/4/2007/4/2007 44:44:23:44:23 PPMM 1 Youth cultures A critical outline of key debates Paul Hodkinson Youth cultures have been the subject of extensive academic research and writing for many years and scholarship in this area has included some of the most well known studies and theorists within the disciplines of socio- logy and cultural studies. In the early twenty-fi rst century the cultural patterns and pursuits of adolescents continue to be the subject of intense research and debate. Originally inspired by the intense and fascinating dis- cussions which took place at the ‘Scenes, Subcultures and Tribes’ interna- tional conference (University of Northampton 2003), this book represents an attempt to further inform and invigorate this important area of study. The chapters outline and engage with core areas of debate in relation to a variety of examples of contemporary theory and research. Our aim is to critically assess established approaches to the subject at the same time as demonstrating ways in which we might adapt and move on from them in the study of young people’s life-styles in the early twenty-fi rst century. While it is impossible to do justice to the rich and varied range of existing youth cultural research in a single chapter, this introduction provides a context for those which follow by offering a critical discussion of some of the most infl uential perspectives and points of debate.