Author Biographies

Adam L. Ayers is a PhD candidate in Urban & Regional Planning at the University of Hawai’i. He earned a BSc in Computer Science and a Masters degree in Public Administration, with a concentration in Marine Policy from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. His PhD research at the University of Hawai‘i focuses on the role of community-level planning, leadership, and creativity in developing small-scale fi sheries co-management institutions across the Main Hawaiian Islands.

María José Barragán Paladines is a PhD candidate in the Geography Department at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. She holds an MSc in Sustainable Management from the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Her pro- fessional background includes working with marine protected areas, small-scale fi sh- eries and local communities along Ecuador’s mainland coastal region and the Galapagos Islands. Her current research interests fall within multidisciplinary agen- das involving small-scale fi sheries governance, marine protected areas, and marine- based tourism in protected areas. She has published a couple of articles on whale and sea-turtle interaction with small-scale fi sheries in Ecuador coastal region.

Mauricio Castrejón is a former Associate Researcher at the Charles Darwin Research Station and consultant for World Fund at the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Currently, he is a doctoral candidate at the Interdisciplinary PhD Program of Dalhousie University, Canada, and consultant for Conservation International. He specializes in the social-ecological assessment and management of small-scale fi sh- eries in marine protected areas, with special relevance on the impact of diverse human and climatic drivers in the co-management of small-scale shellfi sheries in Latin America.

Ratana Chuenpagdee is a Canada Research Chair in Sustainability and Community Development and a Professor at Memorial University, Canada. She conducts interdisciplinary research on topics related to

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 749 S. Jentoft, R. Chuenpagdee (eds.), Interactive Governance for Small-Scale , MARE Publication Series 13, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3 750 Author Biographies small-scale fi sheries, coastal and ocean governance, and science-policy integration. She is currently leading a major global research partnership initiative on small-scale fi sheries, Too Big To Ignore.

Philippa Cohen is a scientist at WorldFish, and an Adjunct Research Fellow at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University. Philippa’s research examines governance of small-scale fi sheries and Aquatic Agricultural Systems for improving security and development outcomes in Pacifi c Island developing countries. Her research has concentrated on community-based fi sheries management – from local scale governance processes and fi sheries outcomes, to cross-scale interactions through national to regional poli- cies and governance networks. Philippa has carried out empirical research and worked in applied fi sheries management in Australia, Tonga, Fiji, Solomon Islands and Timor L’este.

Shelly-Ann Cox is currently working as a Research Associate at the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). Her main task is developing a Climate Impacts Database (CID) for the Caribbean which supports regional growth resilient to climate risks. She is also completing her PhD in Natural Resource Management at the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), The University of the West Indies (UWI). Her research involved deter- the conditions for establishing and sustaining the adaptive co-management of the sea urchin fi sheries in Barbados and Saint Lucia.

Larry B. Crowder is the Center for Ocean Solutions Science Director and Professor of Biology at Stanford University. His research centers on predation and food web interactions, mechanisms underlying recruitment variation in fi shes, population and food web modeling in conservation biology, and interdisciplinary approaches to . His recent research has focused on marine conservation, including research on bycatch, spatial ecological analysis, nutrients and low oxy- gen, , ecosystem-based management, marine spatial planning, and governance. He is an AAAS Fellow and was awarded Duke University’s Scholar/Teacher of the year award in 2008–2009.

Fabio de Castro is an Assistant Professor in Political Ecology and Brazilian Studies at the Center for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA-UvA), in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His research interests include protected areas, bio- fuel production, agroforestry, and fi sheries co-management in Latin America. He has written several articles on socio-environmental challenges in the Amazon and Atlantic and has recently co-edited the volumes “Brazil under the Workers’ Party: Continuity and Change from Lula to Dilma” (Palgrave MacMillan, 2014), “Environmental Governance in Latin America” (Palgrave MacMillan, 2015) and “Governança Ambiental no Brasil: Entre o Socioambientalismo e a Economia Verde” (Paco Editorial, 2015). Author Biographies 751

Birgit De Vos has 12 years of experience in social science research with a focus on sustainable supply chains and fi sheries governance. She fi nished her masters on social anthropology, and did her PhD research on trust issues in fi sheries gover- nance. After that she facilitated two small-scale fi sheries knowledge groups, and led several projects on entrepreneurship and sustainability. She currently works at LEI where she is leading a working group on the role of incentives in fi sheries management for the FP7 framework EU project SOCIOEC. Next to that she works for The Sustainability Consortium (TSC) as a social consultant.

Maricela de la Torre-Castro is Associate Professor in Natural Resource Management at Stockholm University, Sweden. She has a background in oceanology and has a long history of working with social scientists. Her research focuses on coastal management and governance in tropical and temperate areas. Her main interests are to understand human-nature interactions, institutions for sustainable development and the avoidance of poverty traps. Her current projects deal with societal values of seagrass, gender and resource use, small-scale fi sheries, as well as adaptation to climate change and livelihoods in the coastal zone.

Omar Defeo is a Titular Professor at the Universidad de la República, Uruguay. He has worked on conservation and the development of adaptive co- management approaches in small-scale shellfi sheries for over 30 years. He special- izes in the development of experimental and co-management practices to improve the ecological knowledge and management of harvested shellfi sh species, including the implementation of zoning strategies as tools for biodiversity conservation. His long- term research evaluates the effects of human activities and natural variability on near- shore invertebrate populations and communities in coastal systems of Latin America.

Alyne Elizabeth Delaney is an Associate Professor at Aalborg University, Denmark. Her research interests include social organization, governance, gender, risk and resilience, and disasters. Working throughout Europe, Greenland, southern Africa, and Asia, she also has a long-term, ethnographic perspective on Japanese coastal with over 20 years of experience in one Miyagi Prefecture community. Among her most recent publications includes “Taking the High Ground: The Impact of Public Policy on Rebuilding Neighborhoods in Coastal Japan after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami” in Michèle Companion (Ed.) Disasters’ Impact on Livelihood and Cultural Survival: Losses, Opportunities, and Mitigation (2015).

Steve Donda is a fi sheries socio-economist with a PhD in Institutional Economics from Aalborg University in Denmark. He did his undergraduate studies at the University of Malawi, Chancellor College, and graduated with a BSc in Biology and Chemistry. He has an MSc degree in Fisheries Biology and Management from Bangor, UK, and an MSc degree in Fisheries Economics from Portsmouth University, UK. He is currently working as a Deputy Director of Fisheries in the Ministry of Agriculture and Development, Malawi. He has substan- tive development and research experience in fi sheries co-management. His current interests include fi sheries governance and policy development issues. 752 Author Biographies

Jorge Euan is a Professor and head of the Marine Department at CINVESTAV, México. He holds a PhD in Environmental Policy and Law and spe- cializes in Geography and Computer Science. His research includes interdisciplin- ary research, collaborative management, regionalizing of coastal zones, sand beach dynamics, submerged habitats and dunes, natural protected areas, seal level rise and monitoring for long term ecological research. He has been leading national and international projects sponsored by the National council of Science and Technology, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Ministry of Ecology, Oil Company (PEMEX), Corredor Biologico Mesoameriocano, Michigan State University (MSU), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.

Louisa Evans is an Advanced Research Fellow in Environment and Sustainability at the University of Exeter and an Adjunct Research Fellow at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University. Louisa’s research aims to understand the interacting processes of gover- nance reform and transformation, with a particular focus on institutions, leadership and the distribution of social benefi ts. She has carried out empirical research in Australia, Solomon Islands, Tanzania and the United Kingdom, and collaborates on global meta-analysis of large-scale ecosystems.

Alice Joan G. Ferrer is a Professor in Economics at the University of the Philippines Visayas (UPV). She fi nished BSc Economics-Psychology from UPV and her Masters and PhD degrees (Economics) from the School of Economics, University of the Philippines. Her research covers areas such as Health Policy, Environmental Policy Analysis, Fisheries Social Science, Gender, Decentralization, and Peace and Confl ict. Currently, she leads a team conducting health policy research in the Visayas region and two teams engaged in an international collaborative research project on “Coastal Area Capability Enhancement” and on the relationship between traders and small-scale fi shers.

Elena M. Finkbeiner earned a Bachelor of Science in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from University of California, Santa Cruz, a Masters in Environmental Management from Duke University, and has recently completed a PhD from Stanford University in Biology. Her research investigates issues of access, equity, adaptive capacity, and governance of small-scale fi sheries in the context of northwest Mexico.

Julia Fraga is a fulltime Professor and the Head of the Department of Human Ecology at CINVESTAV, Mexico. She received her BA and MA at the Faculty of Anthropological Sciences at the Autonomous University of Yucatan and holds a PhD from Laval University, Canada. For almost a decade she has been researching migratory processes of people from rural to coastal area within the context of fi sh- ing. She has worked on different themes associated to fi sheries, coastal manage- ment, and governance in Mexico and the Great Caribbean. She has published multiple papers, 15 book chapters, and several books. Author Biographies 753

Katia Frangoudes is a Senior Researcher at the UMR AMURE laboratory of the University of Brest, France. Her main research areas are marine resource manage- ment, coastal governance and gender in fi sheries.

Clément Garineaud is a PhD candidate in Bio-Ethnology at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Hommes, Nature et Société, Eco-anthropologie et Ethnologie. His research focuses on seaweed harvesting and people in the Iroise Sea.

Sunny George is HUDCO Chair Professor and Director of the South Asia School of Local Governance (SAS) at the Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), Kerala, India. His areas of interest are inclusive growth decentralization and local governance. He conducts programmes for elected representatives, offi cials and other resource persons of local governments in India and abroad. He has managed several development projects including major partnership projects with the UNDP, World Bank, and UN-Habitat.

Leopoldo Cavaleri Gerhardinger is a PhD candidate in Environment and Society at the Centre for Environmental Studies, State University at Campinas, Brazil. He holds a BSc in Oceanography (Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Brazil) and a MSc in Conservation (University College London, UK). His research interests range from marine ecology and ethnoecology to the theory and practice of governance. He is affi liated with several networks – particularly the Sea Memories Collective with whom he engages with various facets of coastal and marine governance in Brazil through action research approaches in co-designing and delivering marine conser- vation projects. He is currently engaged in the development of trans- disciplinary/ institutional networks across coastal Brazil.

Hugh Govan was born in Scotland, raised in Spain and has lived in Solomon Islands, Central and South America, and currently, Fiji. He advises the Locally Managed Marine Area Network in Asia and the Pacifi c and works free-lance on fi sheries and community development policy as well as practice towards appropri- ate collaborative management approaches and building institutional and human capacity. His current interests are developing national and provincial government systems to support decentralized natural resource management and improving his surfi ng.

Tim Gray is Emeritus Professor of Political Thought at Newcastle University, UK. He began his academic career as a political theorist, moving on to environmen- tal politics and, fi nally, to fi sheries governance. He is currently interested in the impact on small-scale fi sheries of marine protected areas (MPAs); discard reduction measures; the EU (CFP); offshore wind farms; and eco- nomic globalization. He is particularly fascinated with the resilience of the small- scale fi sheries sector in responding to these challenges, not least because it will show whether the future lies in a ‘one-size-fi ts-all’ strategy or an infi nite variety of customized responses. 754 Author Biographies

Maria Hadjimichael has interests in the study and understanding of the governance of the commons, particularly marine and coastal commons. Concerned about issues such as the ‘stealing of the seashore’ and ocean grabbing through neoliberal mecha- nisms, she has founded the website reclaimthesea.org. She worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Innovative Institute of Aalborg University in Denmark. Her PhD (Bangor University, UK) explored the human dimension of the European fi sheries governance. She worked on numerous interdisciplinary EU funded projects and conducted fi eldwork in the UK, Spain, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the US and Chile.

Mafaniso Hara is an Associate Professor at the Institute for Poverty, and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS), University of the Western Cape (UWC). He is a fi sheries social scientist with more than 30 years of experience in social research and fi sheries development. His current research interests include adaptive governance, ecosys- tems approach to fi sheries and ecosystem services – all for poverty reduction.

Jeppe Høst is an Ethnologist currently undertaking research at the University of Copenhagen in a Postdoctoral position. His PhD research was based on the 2007 introduction of individual and transferable fi sh quotas in Denmark. This research has recently been published in the book “Market-based fi sheries management – pri- vate fi sh and captains of fi nance”. He is specifi cally interested in the impact of market-based fi sheries on self-employed fi shers, and the deep social transforma- tions caused by privatization and globalization in the food system in general.

Michael Hurley is the Principal of LiveWater International, based in western USA. For over three decades Michael has worked on a variety of aspects of aquatic systems and resources, including advisory roles pertaining to ecosystem manage- ment. A primary focus is through contextual systems frameworks (Natural-Cultural Systems, multi-scaled frameworks for ecosystems), with a current interest in the social-cultural and institutional aspects of social-ecological systems, science-policy integration, and the complexities associated with “boundary problems” with differ- ent cultural knowledge systems.

Moenieba Isaacs is Associate Professor at the Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) at the University of Western Cape. She has done exten- sive research on the politics of knowledge production and policy making in small- scale fi shery management, governance, coastal livelihoods and poverty with specifi c reference to the contestation of South African fi shing policy. Prof. Isaacs contributes to developing a more balanced discourse on marine conservation, which incorpo- rates not just the scientifi c aspects of fi shing resource management, but also human and political economy dimensions of sustainable fi shing.

Svein Jentoft is a sociologist and a Professor at the Norwegian College of , The Arctic University of Norway (UiT). He specializes in social and insti- tutional aspects of fi sheries and coastal governance and has published extensively Author Biographies 755 within areas such as small-scale fi sheries, community development, co-management, indigenous peoples and interactive governance. Among his recent books is “Governability of Fisheries and : Theory and Applications” (Springer 2013), co-edited with Maarten Bavinck, Ratana Chuenpagdee and Jan Kooiman.

Jahn Petter Johnsen is Professor in Fisheries and Aquaculture Management at the Norwegian College of Science (NCFS), University of Tromsø, the Arctic University of Norway (UiT). His research fi eld is fi sheries and aquaculture manage- ment and organization, focusing on governance and governmentality, processes of change in marine industries and marine communities, and processes related to marine spatial planning.

Derek Johnson is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at the University of Manitoba and a Research Associate at the Centre for Maritime Research in Amsterdam. His primary geographical area of focus is Gujarat State in India where he has worked on marine fi sheries since the late 1990s. His interests intersect the fi elds of environmental anthropology, political ecology, and natural resource gover- nance. His current work is on how best to convey the rich lived experience of those involved in small-scale fi sheries as part of efforts to argue for the societal value of those fi sheries.

Estelle Jones is a social researcher with experience of tropical and temperate eco- systems and marine fi sheries. Her work explores the governance of marine resources through the (MPA) model and the involvement of fi shing communities. She is particularly interested in the role of local stakeholders in fi sher- ies and biodiversity conservation and how current levels of participation are impact- ing the ecological health of marine resources. She is also conducting research on community engagement in offshore renewables development; the implementation of the landing obligation under the new EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP); and social profi ling of Scottish fi shing crews.

Ronald W. Jones is an Environmental Biologist with specialties in aquatic ecology and both temperate and tropical aquaculture. He has worked on key issues of fi sher- ies and aquaculture as they pertain to rural development in South and Southeast Asia and continues to focus on issues of community-based management of aquatic resources, community resilience and the political ecology of decentralization of natural resource management regimes. He is currently the Research Advisor for The Learning Institute, located in Phnom Penh. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Environmental Biology from McGill University in Montreal and Masters in Natural Resources Management from the Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba in Winnipeg.

Ahmed Khan has a PhD in fi sheries policy and coastal governance and is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Canada. Prior to that, he was a research fellow with UNEP-IEMP in Beijing, China. His research 756 Author Biographies interests include coupled human and natural systems interactions in fi sheries, coastal zones, global change, and governance.

John N. Kittinger is the Director of Conservation International’s Hawai‘i program in the Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans. Under his leader- ship, CI-Hawai‘i works to restore seafood security in Hawai‘i, by engaging com- munities and stakeholders to protect their critical , foster effective governance, and promote the sustainable production, distribution, and consump- tion of locally sourced, sustainable seafood. A social scientist by training, Dr. Kittinger has broad interests in understanding and advancing sustainable solutions to complex problems that face society and the ocean environment. He has exten- sive experience coordinating multi-disciplinary teams in cross-cutting research and frequently works with other stakeholders in knowledge-to-action partnerships.

Marloes Kraan has more than 10 years of experience in fi sheries governance, both from a (applied) scientifi c position as well as from the policy side. After doing her PhD research about artisanal fi shermen in Ghana and the role they play in fi sheries governance, she worked at the Dutch Fish Product Board as a policy offi cer. She has experience in working in an interdisciplinary environment whereby she is grounded in the social science perspective to maritime governance. At present she works at Imares where she is broadening her expertise from fi sheries to maritime gover- nance. She participates in 2 FP7 framework EU projects, GAP2 and ODEMM.

Lars Lindström is Associate Professor in Political Science at Stockholm University, Sweden, with a research interest in the areas of globalization, labor and democrati- zation, and governance and management of marine resources in poverty contexts. He is the co-founder of the Politics of Development Group at Stockholm University (PODSU) and of DevNET, the development Network on Nature, Poverty and Power. He has co-edited Globalization, Imperialism and Resistance (2007), and co-authored a number of articles in scientifi c journals on issues related to various aspects of small-scale fi sheries.

Silvia Lourenço is a PhD candidate at the IPMA (The Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere) and MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Oceanography Centre) in Portugal. She has been working on cephalopod biology, ecology and their interaction with environmental conditions. Her research interests focus mainly on the role of cephalopods in the marine ecosystem and their impor- tance as a fi sheries resource to coastal fi sheries communities.

Camille Manel has extensive knowledge and experience in many aspects of Senegalese fi sheries from the local to national, regional and international scales. He is currently the Director of Maritime Fisheries and has worked on policy issues in the Ministry of Maritime Economy. His national and international policy experience is coupled with local experience and knowledge in the fi eld, which includes super- Author Biographies 757 vising fi sher organizations, fi sh markets, seafood quality and production, fi sher export issues, and managing fi sher interactions. Camille has advanced education and training in Senegal, the EU, Japan and the US.

Patrick McConney is a Senior Lecturer in Marine Resource Management Planning at the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), The University of the West Indies (UWI) Cave Hill Campus in Barbados. He is a former fi sheries manager and has an interdisciplinary PhD in resource management from the University of British Columbia, Canada. His current applied research focuses mainly on social-ecological systems, social networks, resilience, socio- economics, organisations and governance related to small-scale fi sheries and marine protected areas around the Wider Caribbean.

Inés Chinea Mederos is a sociologist and a PhD candidate at the Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain). Her research interests include small-scale fi sheries and recreational fi sheries, with an emphasis in marine governance. Her research revolves around recreational fi shers in the Canary Islands and their role in the governability of the coastal zone. It takes into account potential confl icts with other users, like small-scale fi shers. She has participated in several research projects related to recreational fi shers, governability and socioeco- nomic assessment in the implementation of marine protected areas.

Raquel De la Cruz Modino is a social researcher at the Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of La Laguna (ULL, Tenerife, Spain). She obtained her PhD in 2008 at ULL with research that combines fi sheries, tourism and MPAs analysis in the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean Spanish coast. This research was awarded with the national prize Marqués de Lozoya in Spain in 2009. Her post- doctoral training was conducted at the University of Tromso (Norway) and Memorial University (St. John’s, Canada) during 2010 and 2011.

Iris Monnereau is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), The University of the West Indies (UWI) Cave Hill Campus in Barbados. She has a PhD from the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Her research focuses on fi sheries governance, fi sh chains, climate change vulnerability of the fi sheries sector, and the blue economy and Small Island Developing States. Her expertise includes work in the Caribbean, Africa and the Pacifi c Islands.

Friday Njaya is head of the Planning and Development Division in the Department of Fisheries in Malawi. He has vast practical experience in fi sheries governance with a particular focus on inland small-scale fi sheries having worked as Fisheries Offi cer and Project Coordinator for several research and development projects. The largest project being the Fisheries Development Project (1997–2000) funded by the IDA/ World Bank. He has published widely on fi sheries, in particular on co-management. His current research interests include policy and institutional analysis, fi sheries gov- ernance, rural livelihoods, climate change adaptation, and value chain analysis. 758 Author Biographies

Paul O. Onyango is a social scientist and lecturer at the Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. His research focuses on institutional aspects of fi sheries management, governance challenges and poverty among small-scale fi shers. He has over 20+ years’ research experience in small-scale fi sheries in East Africa and has published several publications on the subject. These include: “Good Order at Sea: Is Piracy a Threat to Fisheries?” (book chapter in press), “Governance of Tenure in the Lake Victoria” (Land Tenure Journal, 2013) and others.

Sölmundur Karl Pálsson is a doctoral student in Anthropology at the University of Manitoba. His interest in fi sheries can be traced to his childhood in Akureyri, Iceland. Both his father and grandfather worked as fi shers in Iceland for many years, but it was the time spent with his father on the wharfs of Akureyri with the fi shing rod that was the trigger of his interest in fi sheries. Now, his interest has shifted to the under examined small-scale fi sheries in Lake Winnipeg, Canada, where he is explor- ing governance and social well-being among fi shers.

José J. Pascual-Fernández has been a senior lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain) since 1993. He was awarded his PhD in 1989 for a thesis about artisanal fi sheries in the Canary Islands. Since the 1980s his research has been related to fi sheries, tourism, resource management and govern- ability, latterly focusing on MPAs in Spain and other areas of the world. He has published several books and articles on this subject, and is part of Spanish and European projects and networks. He is currently the Vice-Director of the Institute of Social and Political Sciences at the University of La Laguna.

João Pereira is a member of staff of IPMA (The Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere) since 1989. He has worked mostly on cephalopod biology, ecology, fi sheries (mainly small-scale) and animal welfare. Since 2010 João has also been more closely involved in fi sheries assessment, particularly through membership of ACOM and WGBIE (responsible for the Portuguese part of the Southern Hake stock). More recently, João has been involved in the development of the European SW discard plans to implement the new landing obligation policy of the EU.

Graham J. Pierce is a Professor at the University of Aberdeen’s Oceanlab (UK) and Visiting Professor in Marine Sciences at the University of Aveiro (Portugal). His research is in , ecology and fi sheries, and he has worked on cephalo- pod fi sheries for almost 25 years. He is author or co-author of over 200 papers and has co-edited several books on cephalopods. He is a member of the ICES Science Committee, chair of ICES steering group on Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, former Chair of the ICES Working Group on Cephalopod Fisheries and Life History and former President of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council.

Cristina Pita is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro (Portugal), and an honorary member of staff at the University of Aberdeen (UK). She is an interdisciplinary Author Biographies 759 researcher with experience on issues related to the human dimensions of fi sheries (economic, social, cultural and institutional aspects) and coastal governance, espe- cially in the context of small-scale fi sheries.

James Prescott holds a Bachelor’s degree in zoology from the University of Hawaii. His 40+ year career in fi sheries has been divided between fi sheries research and management between tropical developing country fi sheries and temperate Australian fi sheries. Jim has worked for the South Pacifi c Commission, the Papua New Guinea Marine Fisheries Service, the Forum Fisheries Agency, and the South Australian Research and Development Institute and is currently employed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority. Jim’s interest in governance is a consequence of his recent experiences while working with Indonesians who fi sh in Australian waters.

Olivier Randin holds an MA in International Relations (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland) and an MSc in International Fisheries Management (University of TromsØ, Norway). He is a PhD student at Memorial University (St. John’s, Canada) and studies governance and governability of small-scale fi sheries. His interests lie in governance of fi sheries and oceans and marine resource management.

James Riwu is currently the head of Aquaculture, Coastal and Small islands in the Offi ce of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Rote Ndao District, NTT, Indonesia. He holds a degree in fi sheries from the Jakarta Fisheries College and a diploma from the Institute Pertainian Bogor. He has worked throughout Indonesia in shrimp aqua- culture and tuna post harvesting. He has collaborated in research programs assess- ing the small-scale Indonesian sea cucumber fi shery in the Timor Sea.

Silvia Salas is a fi sheries scientist with a degree from the University of British Columbia, Canada. She is a fulltime Professor at the Marine Resources Department at CINVESTAV- Merida, Mexico. Dr. Salas is a member of the Mexican Academy of Science and is engaged in connecting research to management by participating in advisory committees of government agencies in Mexico. Her research involves bio- economic assessment of small-scale fi sheries, dynamics of the fl eet, fi shing strate- gies, fi shermen behavior and risk perception. She has coordinated several projects and published several scientifi c papers, books and book chapters. She is a member of the international project “Too Big To Ignore: global partnership for small-scale fi sheries”.

Jyothis Sathyapalan is Associate Professor at the Centre for Economic and Social Studies Hyderabad, India and the coordinator for the Asia-Oceania region on the “Too Big To Ignore” project. He is associated with Inter-governmental Platform on Biodiversity & Ecosystem (IPBES) Services as review editor for scenario analysis and methodology assessment. Jyothis specializes in marine and forestry issues with special relevance to economic viability, income accounting and biodiversity conservation. 760 Author Biographies

Joeri Scholtens is a junior lecturer at the Department of Human Geography, Planning and International Development Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He conducts his PhD research at the Centre for Maritime Research at the University of Amsterdam on transboundary fi shing confl icts, with a regional focus on South Asia.

Heidi Schuttenberg is a Coastal Resources and Biodiversity Advisor at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). At USAID, she draws on the latest research about coastal governance to inform the design and evaluation of pro- grams that aim to conserve marine biodiversity while achieving development goals to end poverty, achieve food security, and promote resilience to climate change. Her recent research has focused on how to tailor coastal governance arrangements to different socio-ecological contexts, knowledge co-production, and adapting the management of coral reef systems to refl ect the implications of global climate change.

Sheku Sei has an MSc in marine ecology and resource management and is a research scientist at the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Freetown, Sierra Leone. His work mainly involves , fi sheries planning, surveillance, and monitoring. He has more than 12 years’ experience working in fi sheries in the North Sea and in the Gulf of Guinea.

Cristiana Simão Seixas has a BSc in Biological Sciences (1993) and MSc in Ecology (1997) from State University at Campinas (UNICAMP, Brazil) and a PhD in Natural Resources and Environmental Management from University of Manitoba (2002, Canada). She holds a research position at the Environmental Studies and Research Centre at UNICAMP where she coordinates the Commons Conservation and Management Research Group ( www.nepam.unicamp.br/commons). She is Adjunct Professor at the Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada, and a member of the Fisheries and Food Institute, Campinas, Brazil. Her research interests include Commons Theory, community-based conservation and development, tradi- tional ecological knowledge, environmental governance, co- management and adap- tive co-management, social-ecological resilience, human ecology and fi sheries.

Say Sok was educated in Cambodia, Japan and Australia in education and political science. He earned a PhD in Political Science, majoring in Political Economy of Natural Resources Governance, from Deakin University Australia in 2012. He is a freelance consultant and currently serving as the national technical advisor on higher education governance to a project co-funded by the World Bank and Cambodian government. He is also a part-time lecturer-cum-consultant at a Cambodian university. His publications cover the areas of political economy/ ecology of resource governance, the state, state-society relations, electoral politics, communication for development, media and governance, and higher education.

Adam Soliman holds a BSc in Agricultural Economics (University of Alexandra (Egypt)), MSc in Agricultural Economics (University of British Columbia), J.D. Author Biographies 761

(University of Hong Kong), and L.L.M in Agriculture and Food Law (University of Arkansas). Mr. Soliman is the Director of the Centre and an Adjunct Professor of law at the University of British Columbia. He conducts research on legal and economic issues in fi sheries. Mr. Soliman’s research focuses on the effect of fi sheries policies on small-scale fi sheries. He strongly believes that trans- disciplinary research is much needed in fi sheries law where research is scarce.

Carlos Sonderblohm is a PhD candidate at the Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Portugal. He is an oceanographer specialized in small-scale fi sheries in Venezuela and Portugal. He has been involved in several projects around the Caribbean Sea and Orinoco Delta River with small-scale fi shing communities in order to improve management and assist social developing programs. His research interests focus on marine resources and spatial management approaches to assist artisanal fi sheries with adapting to upcoming societal challenges.

Andrew M. Song is an early career social scientist interested in the geography and governance of natural resources with particular reference to fi sheries. He received his PhD from Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. He is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Natural Resource Sciences at McGill University, Canada, where his research focuses on the network governance of a transboundary fi sheries regime in the Great Lakes. He holds familiarity with several fi shery settings including the Philippines, Malawi, South Korea, and most recently Atlantic Canada.

Merle Sowman is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. She has been involved in research in the fi eld of coastal and small-scale fi sheries governance in southern Africa for several years with a particular focus on questions of social justice, participation and sustainability. A recent collaborative project that explored different modes of governance across a range of natural resource sectors in sub- Saharan Africa culminated in a co-edited book entitled “Governance for Justice and Environmental Sustainability: Lessons across Sub-Saharan Africa” published in 2014.

Natasha Stacey has a PhD in anthropology and is Senior Research Fellow at the Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University. Natasha leads a multidisciplinary group of scientists and postgraduate scholars work- ing on environmental, conservation and livelihood projects in northern Australia and Southeast and mainland Asia. Her recent research projects include development of sustainable livelihoods for communities in the Northern Territory, Australia; com- munity dependence on natural resources in West Timor, Indonesia; building local capacity for whale shark conservation in eastern Indonesia, and improving coastal livelihoods and fi sheries management in the Arafura-Timor Seas region.

Selina Stead is Professor of Marine Governance and Environmental Science at Newcastle University and the Director for Research and Innovation. She works 762 Author Biographies closely with fi shers and managers as a UK Scientifi c Fisheries Adviser and Chair of the Scottish Government’s Marine Science Advisory Committee. Her work involves leading international teams in providing scientifi c evidence for improving policy to support fi sheries management so governance options that promote positive socio- economic impacts on fi shery-dependent livelihoods can be identifi ed. She has over 150 publications in the fi elds of fi sheries, aquaculture, marine resources management and marine protected areas from case studies from different parts of the world.

Dirk J. Steenbergen is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods at Charles Darwin University. His current work focuses on co-management regimes around small-scale fi sheries and coastal natural resources in eastern Indonesia and Timor Leste. He has particular interest in gover- nance interactions between technical agencies and indigenous resource user groups where negotiations occur around contesting interests, worldviews and knowledge- bases. His interest in participatory management strategies around common pool resources fl ows from 10 years of research and applied conservation projects with indigenous groups in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa.

Rolf Willmann is former Senior Fishery Planning Offi cer, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Mr. Willmann has been leading FAO’s normative work on small-scale fi sheries, hav- ing served as the Secretary of the 2008 Global Conference on Small-Scale Fisheries and team leader of the development of the international small-scale fi sheries guide- lines. He has co-authored several papers on social and economic issues in fi sheries including on the application of a human rights-based approach to small-scale fi sher- ies development. List of Reviewers

Juan Luis Alegret Enrique Alonso Oscar Amarasinghe Andrew Baio Maarten Bavinck Courtney Caruthers Mauricio Castrejón Philippa Cohen Shelly-Ann Cox Iain Davidson-Hunt Reade Davis Omar Defeo Alyne Delaney Alice Ferrer Ola Flåten Paul Foley Katia Frangoudes Leopoldo Gerhardinger G. Gislason Miguel Gonzalez Maria Hadjimichael Mafaniso Hara Bjørn Hersoug Jeppe Høst Moenieba Isaacs Jahn Petter Johnsen Derek Johnson Estelle Jones Ronald Jones

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 763 S. Jentoft, R. Chuenpagdee (eds.), Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries, MARE Publication Series 13, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3 764 List of Reviewers

Daniela Kalikoski Narayana Kumar John Kurien Lars Lindström Sebastian Linke Mitsutaku Makino Patrick McConney Rodrigo Pereira Medeiros Knut H. Mikalsen Iris Monnereau Prateep Nayak Friday Njaya Paul Onyango José Pascual-Ferná ndez Ian Perry Jeremy Phillipson Cristina Pita Jesper Raakjær Victoria Rogers Audun Sandberg Håkan Sandersen Suvaluck Satumanatpan Joeri Scholtens Anna Schuhbauer Christiana Sexias Andrew Song Natasha Stacey Nathalie Steins Rashid Sumaila Sten Sverdrup-Jensen Andy Thorpe Micaela Trimble Juan Luis Vivero Alan White Tara Whitty Index

A B Aboriginal rights , 448 Beach Management Units (BMUs) , 180 Accountability , 24, 80, 307, 373, 662 Beach Village Committees (BVCs) , 139 Action plans , 348 Biodiversity , 87, 148, 414, 429 Actor level , 506 Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) , 250 Adaptability , 509, 605–622 Bluefi sh , 349 Adaptamentality , 705–722 Boundaries , 495, 516, 529–530 Adaptive co-management (ACM) , 586, 587, Building awareness , 600 590, 591, 601 Adaptive responses , 611, 614 Adjacency , 447 C principle , 697 Caletas , 472 Administrative structure , 166 Cambodia , 546, 552, 553 African National Congress veterans , 255 Cambodian People’s Party , 547 Alaska Natives , 301 Canada-European Union Comprehensive Alaska’s native communities , 315 Economic and Trade Agreement Alternative livelihoods , 77, 361, 502 (CETA) , 446 Anarchy , 672 Canary Islands , 400 Ancestors , 273 Capacity , 594 Anglers , 399, 401, 402 building , 576 Apartheid policies , 372 reduction , 442 Apprentice programs , 311 Cape Barnabas , 308 Aquaculture , 92, 273, 277 Capital-intensive, 370 Aquatic resources , 540 Caribbean Sea , 498 Armchair fi shers , 253 Case studies , 421, 607–610 Asian Tsunami , 424 Case study method , 728–729 Aspirations , 743 Cash advances , 257 Assessment , 129 Catch-history , 326 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (CPUE) , 252, 424 (ASEAN), 542 Chambo , 141 Asymmetrical social relations , 441, 672 Chenega Bay , 303–304 Auction , 635 Chwaka Bay , 672–673 Australia , 66 City of Craig , 303 Autonomy , 53, 208, 217, 307, 374, 503 Civil society , 373

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 765 S. Jentoft, R. Chuenpagdee (eds.), Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries, MARE Publication Series 13, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3 766 Index

Clan , 185 meetings , 390 Clientelism , 349, 352 needs , 314 Climate change , 573 remote coastal communities (NOAA) , 307 Closure , 111 stewardship , 569, 576 Coastal , 98 Community-based , 40 benthic fi sheries , 551 arrangements , 415 fi sheries , 325, 327, 414 programs , 316 lagoons , 341–342 Community Development Quota (CDQ) , 301 links , 253 Community fi sheries (CFi) , 545 nearshore fi sheries , 203, 204 Community fi sheries development offi ce Cochin , 86 (CFDO), 548 Code of conduct for responsible fi sheries , 25 Community fi sh refuges (CFR) , 546 Cod moratorium , 437 Community-led initiatives , 428 Cofradia , 398–401, 404–408, 472 Comparative research , 31 Co-governance , 77, 140, 147, 148, 225, 294, Complex , 193 304, 405, 408, 409, 414, 416, adaptive system , 541 422–423, 452, 528–529, 576, aquatic social ecological system , 540 606, 688 system , 550 cultural insensitivity , 192 Complexity , 25, 70, 153, 402, 659 models , 169 and dynamism , 148 socio-cultural , 192 Compliance , 602 Tanzanian , 192 non-compliance , 95 Collaboration , 102 Concentration , 326, 328 Collective Confl ict , 13, 68, 92, 113, 184, 267, 387, 416, action , 200, 217, 552, 653 424, 426, 468–470, 561 adaptive responses , 621 gear , 424 awareness , 619 legal frameworks , 170 choice , 730 resolution , 398, 414, 429 rights , 254 resolution mechanism , 424 Co-management , 165, 186, 200, 208, 264, Conservations , 46, 113, 421, 479, 483, 267, 277, 366, 471, 528, 568, 569, 486–489, 679 606, 636, 658, 673, 690, 692 of marine biodiversity , 108 autonomy , 216 Consolidation , 272, 273 collaborative , 586 Constitution , 92 consultative , 216, 586 Constitutional level , 210 power , 216 Consultation , 370 rights , 216 Context , 25 Common fi sheries policy (CFP) , 118, 466, 715 Contextualized , 195 Commons , 268 Contextual legitimacy , 665 octopus , 118 Contextual sensitivity , 508 property regime , 616 Cooperation , 309, 478, 480, 484–485, property theory , 268 487–490 resource management , 325 Co-operative , 30, 91, 201, 404, 527 world-view , 682 Coordination , 652–653 Communal governance , 202 failure , 653 Commune Council , 547 regional , 660 Communication , 23, 510, 597 Coping response , 611, 614 Community , 12, 90, 123 Co-production , 367 cohesion , 743 Coral Triangle , 62 engagement , 315, 427–428 Corruption , 471 failure , 471 Cross-cultural , 664 fi shers , 302 Cross-level analysis , 496 group interviews , 417 Cross-level interactions , 511 Index 767

Cross-scale linkages , 732 Dredging , 96, 607 Cross-scale phenomena , 218 Dynamics , 114, 600 Cross-sector linkages , 732 Dynamics and scale , 402 Cultural , 45, 589, 744 Dzilam de Bravo State Reserve , 479, 481 boundary systems , 662 communication , 664 diversity , 656 E identifi cation , 501 Eastern Mediterranean Sea , 460 meanings , 656 Ebola virus disease , 560 policy coherence , 666 Ecological , 588 ties , 362 drivers of change , 542 Customary , 46–48, 51, 54, 737 stewardship , 572 institutions , 19 stock rehabilitation , 597 tenure , 201 success , 601 sustainability , 293 Ecologically-meaningful spatial scales , 430 D Economic , 122 Danish fi sheries , 320 activity , 109, 592 Data collection , 466, 639–640 development , 570, 573, 706 Decentralization , 69, 96, 340–341, 503, 507, effi ciency , 314, 444 552, 585, 659 justice , 258 administrative , 151 performance , 332 Decision-making , 181, 267, 275, 366, 467, principles , 448 598, 737 of scale , 743 analysis , 103 viability , 572 consensus based , 167, 172 Ecosystem , 102, 333 process , 306 approach , 398 Decision rules , 619 based approach , 448, 498 Deep fi sheries reform , 741 health , 13 Deliberating , 364, 646 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management Demersal , 91 (EAFM), 75 Democracy , 30, 362, 472 Ecuadorian mainland , 158, 161 Democratic Kampuchea , 543 El Hierro , 400–407 Democratic participation , 553 Elite capture , 51 Dependence , 126 Embeddedness , 6, 8 Development , 43 Emic etic distinction , 26 actors , 662 Empowerment , 22, 130, 268, 315, 459, 644 aid , 661 Enabling conditions , 600 Developmentalist vision , 152 Enforcement , 52, 125, 208, 424, 593 Dexterity principle , 6 e-NGOs , 467 Dilemmas , 601 Epistemological , 371 Direct sales Equity , 42, 50–51, 273, 293, 375, of fi sh , 439 445, 448, 697 by harvesters , 440 Estuary , 87 Disadvantaged , 97, 98 Ethical choices, governance , 21 Distinguish , 644 Ethnicity , 735 District Assembly , 146 EU-CFP , 128 Diversity , 6, 402, 409, 641, 646 European Commission (EC) , 471 of lobster fi shers , 228 defi nition , 642 Division of labor , 19 European Fisheries Fund , 467, 471 Dominant paradigms , 666 European Union (EU) , 118, 461 Donors , 660 Evaluation , 330, 602 Drag-nets , 674 Evidence-based scientifi c knowledge , 551 768 Index

Exclusive economic zones (EEZ), 66, 321, 517 safety , 247, 440 Export , 255 security , 18, 45, 65, 247, 518, 549, 655 External drivers , 209, 505 sovereignty , 249, 742 Externalities , 86 Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) , 642 Foucault , 458 F Fragile states , 563 “Failed” states , 19 Fragmentation , 530 Federal and state Freedom , 18, 292 regulations , 305 Free trade agreement , 446 statutes , 305 French colonial administration , 542 Feedback , 390, 663 Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation Financial (FFMC) , 282, 288, 290, 291, 293 barriers , 311 support , 641 viability , 441, 445, 448 G Fish chain , 225, 570, 571 Galapagos Islands , 158 Fisher Galapagos (GMR) , 159, 160 community , 193 Galapagos National Park (GNP) , 165, 166 movement , 348 General Fisheries Commission for the participation , 505 Mediterranean (GFCM), 464 perspectives , 662–663 Geopolitics factors , 162 Fisheries Action Coalition Team (FACT) , 551 Gillnets , 185, 419 Fisheries Cooperative Associations (FCA) , Gimli , 281, 285, 293 269 Global food system , 246 coastal , 271 Global Value Chain (GVC) approach , 239 hierarchy , 269, 270 Goodness-of-fi t , 28 Pros and Cons of , 275 Governability , 5, 66, 87, 101, 136, 180, 194, Fisheries/fi shery 225, 259, 283, 293, 295, 383, Conservation and Management Act No. 25 478–480, 482, 485, 487–490, 548, of 1997 , 139, 144 563, 564, 570, 575, 645 gears , 567 assessment framework , 27, 295, 381, Law , 543 601, 602 Fish/fi shing biological , 322 accords , 347, 354 causal model , 708 borders of fi shing communities , 170, 171 concept , 5, 20–25 capacity , 79 of small-scale fi sheries in Malawi , confl icts , 348 150–152 cooperatives , 229 Governance , 19, 75, 128, 173, 180, 210, exports , 446 238, 283, 295, 304, 563, 564, ground , 273, 276 575, 584, 630 industry , 306 challenge in Malawi , 153 lots , 610 entry points , 552 lots system , 540 functional , 151 permit , 108 hierarchical , 52, 71, 140, 147, 163, 169, processing , 573 211, 295, 414, 415, 468, 503, rents , 552 525–526, 598, 599, 672 rights , 312 images , 362 trade , 224 international , 321 traditions , 307 levels fi rst order , 211–213 Flexibility , 324, 326, 509, 638 levels second-order , 211 Focus group discussions , 383, 386 meta-level , 438 Food meta-order , 4, 210, 689 insecurity , 73, 259 modes , 189–192, 236, 533 quality , 246 networks , 46 Index 769

outcomes , 147–150 I refl exive , 248 Ibiraquera lagoon , 343 reforms , 688 Ideal types , 5 relationship assessment survey , 290 Identity , 370 structure , 321 Illegal , 94 system , 682 fi shing , 24, 364, 549 transition , 217, 688, 690 Images , 408, 409, 448, 510, 530–531, 620, Governing 630, 689, 696, 708 actors , 390 Impoverishment , 709 bodies , 164 Inactive vessel , 633, 634 fi rst-order , 214 Income meta-order , 213 additional income generating second-order , 214 activities, 674 modes and governability , 32 supplemental , 590 principles , 438, 449, 452 Independence , 292 Governing interactions , 136, 143, 187–189, In-depth knowledge , 738 213, 225, 586 India , 91 Governing system , 63, 136, 225, 320, 403, Indian , 518, 522 407, 645 Indicators , 663 conventional , 600 Indigenous control , 503 knowledge , 9 offences , 185 peoples , 373 regulations , 124, 572 populations , 314 Government agencies , 421 Individual contracts , 114 Governmentality , 707 Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) , 109, Government interference , 18 112, 250, 282, 288, 291, 293, 295, Gross National Income (GNI) , 461 320, 733 Gulf of Alaska , 302 Individual vessel quota (IVQs) , 691 Indonesia , 63, 64 Industrial fi sheries , 237, 370 H Industrialization , 86 Habitats , 366 Industrial pollutants , 89 Hard choices , 452 Inequality , 521 Harvesting machines , 710, 711 Informal , 365 Harvest surveys , 595 fi shery , 256 Hawai’i constitution , 210 market , 205 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Informant interviews , 383 (HACCP), 231 Inland fi sheries , 566 Heterarchy , 672 Inland fl oodplain , 541 Heterogeneity , 673 Innovation , 14, 340 Heterogeneous , 206, 639 Innovative , 729 Heuristics , 730 Inshore fi shery , 435 Historical dependence , 447 Institutions , 8, 195, 266, 437, 689, 699 Historical harvesting rights , 111, 365 adaptability , 607, 731 Holism , 25 aims , 694, 698 Holistic perspective , 14 arrangement , 690 Human capacity , 741 dignity , 8 change , 718–719 ecosystems , 351 clashing , 678 and natural systems , 77 coordination , 666 rights , 19, 573 design , 700, 716 rights-based approach , 251 distortions , 663 Hybrid/hybridization , 48, 732–733 dynamics , 504 770 Index

Institutions ( cont.) L fi t , 735 Lake formal , 428, 429 Chilwa , 145 innovation , 690–691 Chiuta , 145–146, 150 misfi t , 682 Malawi , 140 participatory , 675 Malombe , 143–145 scales , 452 Malombe/Upper Shire River Fishermen’s superstructure , 651, 652 Association, 144 syncretism , 651, 666 Victoria , 179–195 Integrated coastal zone management Winnipeg , 281, 284 (ICZM), 569 Winnipeg Fisheries Advisory Board , 289 Interactions , 23, 102, 128, 409 Winnipeg Fisheries Co-Management Interdisciplinary , 574 Board , 293 International Winnipeg Fisheries Management Advisory actors , 650 Board , 287 borders , 497 Langanas , 256 development , 651 La Restinga , 404 event , 496 Large-scale fi sheries , 7, 323 International Court of Justice (ICJ) , 496, 499 Large-scale mergers , 266 International Maritime Boundary Line Larsen Bay , 303 (IMBL), 519 Law enforcement , 393 International Union for Conservation of Law reform , 373 Nature (IUCN), 551 Laws and regulations , 187 Internet , 406 Leadership , 346, 354 Interventions , 585 Learn(ing)-by-doing , 75, 584 Invasive species , 464 Learning , 549, 709 Invertebrates , 45 interactive , 182 Investment risk , 603 Lease fi shing rights , 542 ITQ. See Individual transferable Leasing , 633 quotas (ITQ) Legal pluralism , 20, 524, 662 Legislation , 45, 124, 715 Legitimacy , 19, 283, 293, 294, 399, J 407, 426, 429 Japan Fisheries (JF) , 264 and urgency , 408 Jayul management , 691 Linkages , 529 Judicial review , 307 Livelihood , 33, 43, 66, 87, 207, 257, 480, 481, Judiciary , 311 483, 501, 560, 590–592 diversifi cation , 77 Lobster K fi sheries , 238 Kelp shelters , 612 economy , 105 Local , 101 communities , 398, 495 governing system , 109 customary law system , 72 harvesters , 104 customary systems , 76 Kerala , 86, 89 ecological knowledge , 351 Key informant interviews , 417 fi shers’ organizations , 388 Khmer Republic , 543 food , 249 Khmer Rouge , 550 involvement , 307 Kinship , 185 knowledge , 103, 737 Knowledge syncretism , 664 law , 72 Krom samaki , 543 market , 260 Index 771

practices , 180 rule , 328 scale , 495 Sustainable Yield , 138 Logbook , 639 Mechanization , 109 Long-term rights , 253 Mekong river , 541 Mergers , 271, 275, 276 Meta-governance , 182, 320, 323, 374, M 690, 700 Magnuson-Stevens Act , 302 Metapopulation , 615 Malawi Congress Party (MCP) , 146 Mexican Constitution , 213 Malnutrition , 245 cooperatives , 214 Management , 127, 129, 202, 305, 504, 592 Migration , 656 bottom-up oriented , 504 Millennium development goals , 544 centralized/hierarchal , 202 Mindsets , 641, 689 councils , 343 Minimum processing requirements , efforts , 180 439, 446 measures , 138 Mistrust , 471 plan , 343, 348 Miyagi , 269 regulations , 232 Prefecture , 272 Mangrove , 45, 87, 93, 384, 414, 417, 565 Mnemba Island-Chwaka Bay Marine deforestation , 425 Conservation Area (MIMCA), rehabilitation , 388 675, 676 Manitoba Commercial Inland Fishers Monitor/monitoring , 94, 125, 367, 503 Federation, 287, 289 agents , 675 Manitoba Ministry of Conservation and Water and evaluation , 218 Stewardship (MCW) , 287 programme , 595 Marine programs , 314 closures , 48 Moratorium , 616 conservation , 360 MPA. See Marine protected areas (MPA) ecosystems , 564 Multi-level governance , 576 extractive reserve , 346 Multiple levels , 505 national park , 405–407, 425 Multi-scalar , 527 reserves , 389 Multi-scaled nature , 665 science , 361 Muslims , 419 tenure , 46 Marine and Coastal Environmental Management Project N (MACEMP), 675 Native Corporation , 314 Marine protected areas (MPA) , 22, 65, 103, Natural system , 182–184, 384 340, 380, 398, 400, 401, 417, 424, diversity , 183 478–480, 485–488, 490, 498–500, resource system , 392 568, 575 sub-systems , 44 Marine reserves , 398, 400–403, 406 species , 183 Marine spatial planning (MSP) , 740 Nature conservation , 504 Maritime border , 497 Navy , 525 Market , 206, 567, 720 Neoliberal based fi sheries governance , 320 ideology , 370 mechanisms , 324 policies , 209 Marumbi , 673 reform , 202 Marx , 459 Neo-liberalism , 270, 277, 744 Mawe (honorarium) , 145 Nepotism , 469, 471 Maximum Net fi sheries , 677 percentages , 329 Networks , 53, 585, 729 regulation , 329 New Public Management , 333–334 772 Index

Nile perch , 186 Policy , 69, 533 Nkacha fi shers , 145 arena , 640 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) , coherence , 438, 653 46, 365, 524, 662 Political , 97 Normative , 20, 363 agency , 528 orders , 33 distribution of fi shing opportunities , 324 No-take ecology , 353 marine protected areas , 360 Politicization , 532, 533 zones , 402, 548–549 Pollution , 89 Nusa Tenggara Timor , 66 Portugal , 118, 119 Post-harvest policy , 440 Post-war security , 523 O Poverty , 4, 73, 89 Ocean grabbing , 7 Power , 8, 51, 264, 267, 277, 399, 403, 406, Ocean View , 251 408, 469–471, 473, 506, 507, 510, Octopus , 123, 126, 129 527, 576 Omega3 fatty acids , 246 asymmetries , 352, 353 Open-access , 74, 201, 209, 217, 616 imbalances , 531 Operational Management Plans , 254 relations , 102 Overcapacity , 441 Precautionary approach , 448 , 225 Pre-Hispanic communities , 158 Overfi shing , 300, 500, 518, 519 Pre-implementation stage , 391 Ownership , 502, 599 “Principle-based” process , 452 Principles , 689, 696, 697 of national treatment , 447 P Privatization , 13, 300 Palk Bay , 516 of quotas , 324 Panchayats , 87, 96 Problem identifi cation , 660 ‘Paper park,’ 346 Processing industries , 105 Participation , 126, 128, 130, 208, 349, 473, Processing , 230 597, 713 Producer organizations , 636 Participatory , 42, 50–51, 193, 506 Professional fi shers , 107 Participatory evaluations, 663 Property rights , 29, 310, 320 Participatory management , 139, 143 Public trust doctrine , 210, 312 Partnership , 237, 612, 712 Pulse perturbations , 610 Passive gears , 385, 633 Purse seine , 63 Path dependency , 4, 323, 532 Purse seiners , 424, 463, 470 Patronage , 527 Patron-client norms , 550 Pelagics , 45, 565 Q People-centred approach , 370 Questionnaires , 119 People’s ownership , 310 Quotas , 637 People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) system , 706 (1979–1989) and State of Cambodia market , 334 (1989–1993), 543 Perceptions , 662 Performative , 707 R Philosophical , 374 Raizals , 501 Philosophical reasoning , 743 Ramsar , 87 ‘Phronetic’ knowledge , 737 Rasta community , 254 Planning , 367 Rational choice theory , 445 Index 773

Rational individuals , 472 Seaweed , 77 Rationalization , 441–445 mariculture , 674 Rebuilding strategy , 620 price , 110 Recreational , 464, 467, 469, 472, 709 Secular , 90 activities , 399, 408 Self-governce , 140, 150, 152, 180, 201, 225, area , 387 333, 408, 414, 422–423, 429, fi sheries , 399, 401–403, 405–409 526–527 sector , 463 Self-government , 92, 97, 209 Reforms , 561, 568, 576 Self-organization , 680–682 Regime shift , 615 Self-organized participation , 672 Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFB) , 231 Self-regulation , 77, 682 Regional Fisheries Committee , 105 Self-regulatory mechanisms , 622 Regionalism , 542 Self-reliance , 743 Regions of global priority , 159 Senegal , 654 Representation , 640–641 Small-scale boats , 102 Resource Small-scale fi sheries , 64, 235, 380, 478, management , 108 480–482, 484–490, 560, 589, 710 rights , 272 anthropogenic drivers of change , 540 sustainability , 309 communities , 300 user voices , 553 defi nition , 631, 632, 644 Responsibility , 23, 267 generalization , 729 Responsiveness-of-modes , 28 governability , 489 Restaurants , 401, 404 governance , 325 Rights , 93, 267, 269, 274, 276. guidelines , 642 See also Human images , 510 based management , 71 information , 171 exclusive access , 613 instruments , 637 to food , 13, 247 mobilization , 171 to Food Guidelines , 249 problem , 194 to livelihood , 247 quality of governability , 511 Robustness , 30 quality of interactions , 496 Rote Island , 63 respect , 362 Rote Ndao , 71 Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Rotinese , 68 Sustainable, 438 fi shers , 63 Small-scale métiers , 634 Roving bandits , 614, 616–617 Snoek landings and import , 259 Social capital , 739 S cohesion , 426, 429, 613 Safeguards , 327, 331, 332 dilemmas , 741 Sanctioning , 49, 414, 426 inequalities , 498 Santa Catarina state , 343 justice , 24 Savu Sea , 65 learning , 664, 665 Scalar mismatch , 529–530 networks , 407, 620 Scales , 31, 42, 52–54, 206, 266, 409, objectives , 327 509, 524 principles , 441 Scientifi c knowledge , 113 science , 9 Scientifi c studies , 109 social-ecological impacts , 611, 612 Scientists , 404 social-ecological memory , 621 Scrapping schemes , 323 social-ecological systems (SES) , 227, 265, Sea cucumber , 45, 162 588, 589 Sea egg fi sheries management advisory complexity , 227, 600 council (SEFMAC) , 596 complexity , 227 774 Index

Social (cont .) T diversity , 227 Taboos , 48, 50 dynamics , 227 Taklong Island National values , 265 Marine Reserve , 381 social-kinship network , 205 Tambon Administration Organisation (TAO) , sub-systems , 44 420 wellbeing , 295 Tamil Nadu , 523 approach , 282 fi sheries law , 532 toolkit , 284 Tamils , 521 Societal objectives , 333 Tanganyika , 186 Socio-cultural rights , 361 Tanzania , 186, 192 Socio-economic analyses , 505 Technocratic , 551 Socio-economic indicator , 122 Tenerife , 399–406, 401–403 Sociopolitical issues , 508 Tenure , 41, 43, 731 Southern Right Whale , 343 guidelines , 249 South Korea , 691–693 Territorial Spain , 400, 401, 406 development , 343, 346 Specialization , 646 governance , 351 Spiny Lobster , 162 right , 312 Sri Lanka , 515–533 territorialisation , 517 arrests of, Indian fi shers , 526 use rights in fi sheries (TURFs) , 568, 574, confl ict , 531 614, 691 overcapacity , 521 Thailand , 414, 417, 418 Palk Bay , 522 Thailand’s National Park Act , 425 rural household income , 520 The Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines , 5 technological capacity , 520 Thick description , 742 Stakeholders , 86, 98, 399, 406–409 Tibetan Plateau , 542 consultations , 733 Timeline analysis , 123 engagement , 427 Tonle Sap , 541, 544 involvement , 334, 398 fl oodplain , 545 mindsets , 696 organizational chart of , 546 State , 235, 363 Tonle Sap Authority (TSA) , 547 Statutory law , 737 Tonle Sap Lake , 553 Step-zero , 352, 391, 392, 409, 737 Too Big To Ignore , 9 Stewardship , 277, 570–571 Top-down Suba divers , 404–407, 409 command , 549 Sub-Antarctic Atlantic waters , 342 control , 549 Subsidiarity principle , 6, 698 governance model , 497–498 Subsidies , 41, 65, 79, 471, 497, 532, 712 management tools , 567 Surveillance , 403, 503 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) , 301, 321 Sustainability , 47, 62, 130, 264, 274, 391, 598 Tourism , 163, 276, 364, 387, 398, 402, 404, Sustainable , 119, 366 407, 502, 679, 741 development , 566 operators , 409 governance of fi sheries , 152 Tourists , 399, 402, 406 Synergy , 665, 735 Trade System-to-be-Governed (SG) , 63, 74, 136, liberalization , 441 153, 181, 320, 383, 392, 407, 682 offs , 417 complexity , 203 policy , 447 diversity , 203 Traditions/traditional , 185, 600 features , 229 fi sheries , 314 natural and social , 153 marketing method , 592, 593 scale , 203 , 74, 415, 458 Index 775

Transaction costs , 29, 391 Variety , 631 Transboundary , 516 Viability , 444 fi shing , 517 Village Development Committees , 143 Transformation , 250, 354 Visibility , 639 Transition , 745 Vulnerability , 9, 12, 613 Transparent , 195 Trawlers , 519 Trawling , 69 W Triangulation , 159 Walleye , 285 Tribe , 185 Way of life , 728 Trickle down , 370 Weak governance , 606 Tropical , 54 Well-being , 40 Tsunami , 276 material , 290 subjective , 292 West Coast Rock Lobster-(WCRL) , 246 U Whitefi sh , 285 Underwater volcano , 405 Wicked , 201 UNEP/UNDP , 546 problem , 3, 77, 282, 294, 407, 409, 462, United Nations Convention on the Law 508, 516, 550, 562, 569 of the Sea (UNCLOS), 522 solution , 508 Up-scaling , 352 Wickedness , 14, 217 , 565 WorldFish , 546 Urban , 86 Worldviews , 362, 740 Urgency , 399, 407

Y V Yellow-fi n tuna , 162 Value chain , 258, 574 Values , 292, 630, 689, 696, 697, 740 governors values , 182 Z Variable diversity , 153 Zero sum , 22