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Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengembanngan Tanaman Anggrek Dan Kantong Semar Di Kebun Raya Bogor

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Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengembanngan Tanaman Anggrek Dan Kantong Semar Di Kebun Raya Bogor PROS SEM NAS MASY BIODIV INDON Volume 1, Nomor 8, Desember 2015 ISSN: 2407-8050 Halaman: 1884-1889 DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/m010822 Diseminasi hasil penelitian dan pengembanngan tanaman anggrek dan kantong semar di Kebun Raya Bogor Dissemination of orchids and pitcher plant research and development in Bogor Botanic Gardens YUPI ISNAINI Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Indonesia (Kebun Raya Bogor), Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, P.O. Box 309, Bogor 16003, Jawa Barat. Tel./Fax. +62-251-8322187, email: [email protected] Manuskrip diterima: 13 Agustus 2015. Revisi disetujui: 23 Desember 2015. Abstrak. Isnaini Y. 2015. Diseminasi hasil penelitian dan pengembanngan tanaman anggrek dan kantong semar di Kebun Raya Bogor. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1:1884-1889. Upaya pelestarian jenis-jenis anggrek dan kantong semar telah dan terus dilakukan di Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya LIPI Bogor, Jawa Barat. Upaya ini perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengantisipasi ancaman kepunakan karena kedua kelompok tanaman ini merupakan komoditas hias yangunik dan bernilai ekonomi, sehingga banyak diburu dari alam. Perbanyakan kedua tanaman ini telah dilakukan baik secara konvensional maupun melalui kultur in vitro.Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan tanaman anggrek dan kantong semar secara in vitro di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kebun Raya LIPI telah diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat melalui berbagai media, seperti pameran, seminar, pelatihan, wisata flora, website, media sosial dan display di Griya anggrek dan Garden Shop. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons masyarakat terhadap produk yang telah dipasarkan melalui Griya Anggrek dan Garden ShopKebun Raya Bogor.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis data dari buku pengiriman ke outlet, serta data hasil penjualan di Garden Shop Kebun Raya LIPI tahun 2010-Agustus 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setidaknya 93 jenis anggrek dan 8 jenis kantong semar telah diperbanyak secara in vitro di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kebun Raya LIPI dan setidaknya 81 jenis anggrek dan 4 jenis kantong semar telah didiseminasikan melalui outlet di Griya anggrek dan Garden Shop sejak tahun 2010-Agustus 2015. Selama kurun waktu tersebut, setidaknya 6767 botol/pot anggrek dan 5309 botol/pot kantong semar produk Kebun Raya LIPI telah beredar di masyarakat, baik dalam maupun luar negeri.Kedua komoditas ini telah sampai kepada masyarakat baik di perkotaan maupun pedesaan yang telah ikut melestarikannya. Vandopsis lissociloides, anggek bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis), Vanda tricolor, anggrek hitam (Coelogyne pandurata), anggrek ekor tikus (Paraphalaenopsis spp.) dan kantong semar (Nepenthes amabilis)banyak diminati masyarakat. Kata kunci: Anggrek, kantong semar, kultur jaringan, Nepenthes Abstract. Isnaini Y. 2015. Dissemination of orchids and pitcher plant research and development in Bogor Botanic Gardens. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1884-1889. Efforts to conserve the orchids and pitcher plants species have been and continue to be made at the Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). These efforts need to be improved to anticipate the threat of both groups because these plants are unique ornamental and economic value, so much hunted from the wild. Propagation of the two plants has been done either conventionally or through in vitro culture. Results of research and development of orchids and pitcher plants in vitro in tissue culture laboratory have been introduced to the public through various ways, such as exhibitions, seminars, training, tourism flora, website, social media and display at Orchids House and Garden Shop. This study aims to determine the community response to the product has been marketed through Orchid House and Garden Shop of Bogor Botanic Gardens. The study was conducted by analyzing data from the book delivery to outlets, as well as data from the sale at the Garden Shop since 2010 to August 2014. The results showed at least 93 species of orchids and 8 species of Nepenthes has been propagated in vitro in tissue culture laboratory Bogor Botanic Garden and at least 81 species of orchids and 4 species of pitcher plants have been disseminated through the outlet at the Orchid House and Garden Shop since 2010 to August 2014. During this period, at least 6767 bottles of orchids and 5309 bottles/pot of pitcher plant has been circulating in the community, both inside and outside the country. These commodities have been up to the public in both urban and rural areas that have contributed to preserving it. Vandopsis lissociloides, months orchids (Phalaenopsis amabilis), Vanda tricolor, black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), orchids rats (Paraphalaenopsis spp.)and pitcher plants (Nepenthes amabilis) attracted many people. Keywords: Orchids, pitcher plant, plant tissue culture, Nepenthes PENDAHULUAN 30.000 jenis anggrek tersebar di dunia (Gravendeel et al. 2004)dan lebih dari 5.000 jenis ditemukan di Indonesia, Anggrek atau keluarga Orchidace merupakan kelompok termasuk 731 jenis di Jawa (Comber 1990). Anggrek tumbuhanberbunga dengan jumlah jenis terbanyak di dunia merupakan komoditas hias yang banyak diminati karena (Huynh et al. 2009). Diperkirakan sekitar 25.000 sampai keindahan dan keanekaragaman bentuk dan warna ISNAINI – Diseminasi hasil penelitian anggrek dan kantong semar 1885 bunganya. Sedangkan kantong semar atau Nepenthes dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yang ingin berpartisipasi merupakan marga tanaman karnivora dengan jumlah jenis mengoleksi dan membudidayakan kedua komoditas terbanyak dan keanekaragaman tertinggi dijumpai di Asia tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons Tenggara (Moran dan Clark 2010). Sekitar 139 jenis masyarakat terhadap produk penelitian kultur jaringan kantong semar tersebar di daerah tropis dan 64 jenis anggrek dan kantong semar yang telah didiseminasikan diantaranya ditemukan di Indonesia. Kantong semar belum melalui Griya Anggrek dan Garden Shop Kebun Raya sepopuler anggrek, tetapi saat ini tanaman hias yang ”unik" Bogor LIPI, Jawa Barat. ini semakin meningkat popularitasnya seiring dengan minat masyarakat pecinta tanaman hias untuk menangkarkannya. Anggrek dan kantong semarsudah terkenal hingga ke BAHAN DAN METODE mancanegara, bahkan di beberapa negara sepertiAmerika, Jepang, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Sri Lanka Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur budidaya tanaman ini sudah berkembang menjadi skala Jaringan, Griya Anggrek dan Garden Shop Kebun Raya industri. Ironisnya, tanaman anggrek dan kantong semar ini Bogor LIPI. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara kebanyakan jenisnya berasal dari Indonesia (Irawanto menginventaris data jenis anggrek dan kantong semar hasil 2009). Dengan kekayaan genetik tersebut, seharusnya kultur in vitro di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kebun Indonesia menjadi pemeran utama dalam perdagangan Raya Bogor pada tahun 2010-Agustus 2015 yang didisplay internasional anggrek dan kantong semar. Namun, dan jumlah jenis yang telah sampai kepada masyarakat kenyataannya industri anggrek dan kantong semar nasional melalui pembelian langsung di Griya anggrek dan Garden masih tertinggal dibandingkan negara tetangga, seperti Shop Kebun Raya Bogor atau melalui pembelian online Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, dan Singapura. sejak Maret 2015. Di sisi lain, Beberapa jenis anggrek dan kantong semar Selanjutnya data penjualan anggrek dan kantong semar telah terdaftar dalam IUCN red list serta Apendix I dan II hasil kultur in vitro sejak tahun 2010 sampai Agustus 2015 CITES(CITES 2010; IUCN 2014). Banyak jenis anggrek dikumpulkan dari Griya anggrek dan Garden shop Kebun dan kantong semar juga telah dilindungi menurut PP Raya Bogor. Data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan cara Nomor 7 tahun 1999. Beberapa jenis anggrek dan kantong dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenis anggek dan kantong semar tergolong endemik di daerah tertentu dan semar serta jumlah botolan/individu yang terjual setiap populasinya semakin berkurang karena dikoleksi untuk bulan, lalu dihitung jumlah penjualan untuk tiap perdagangan. Sehingga pada tahun 2008, Direktorat jenis/tahun. Data penjualan tahunan selanjutnya Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (Dirjen diakumulasikan menjadi data total penjualan. Selain itu, PKHA)-Departemen Kehutanan Republik Indonesia untuk penjualan secara online selanjutnya dianalisis daerah mengeluarkan arahan strategis konservasi spesies nasional tujuan pengirimannya untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hasil 2008-2018 yang memuat flora dan fauna,termasuk anggrek peneltian dan pengembangan anggrek dan kantong semar dan kantong semar (Mardiastuti et al. 2008). Anggrek ekor produk Kebun Raya LIPI dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. tikus (Paraphalaenopsis spp.), anggrek bulan raksasa Data selanjutnya ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabeldan (Phalaenopsis gigantea) dan kantong semar (Nepenthes gambar. spp.) termasuk spesies prioritas untuk konservasi (Mardiastuti et al. 2008). Bahkan hasil diskusi para pakar anggrek dan kantong semar selanjutnya menetapkan lebih HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN banyak jenis anggrek dan kantong semar yang termasuk spesies prioritas untuk dikonservasi (Risna et al. 2010). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sejak tahun 2010 sampai Upaya perlindungan yang disarankan oleh Dirjen Agustus 2015 menunjukkan setidaknya 93 jenis anggrek PHKA untuk menyelamatkan anggrek dan kantong semar dan 8 jenis kantong semartelah berhasil diperbanyak secara adalah melalui sosialisasi dengan penyadaran masyarakat, in vitro di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kebun Raya LIPI pembangunan
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