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Acclimatization of Plant Collection from Moyo Island Forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at Purwodadi Botanic Garden

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Acclimatization of Plant Collection from Moyo Island Forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at Purwodadi Botanic Garden TROPICAL DRYLANDS Volume 1, Number 1, June 2017 E-ISSN: 2580-2828 Pages: 43-49 DOI: 10.13057/tropdrylands/t010107 Acclimatization of plant collection from Moyo Island Forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at Purwodadi Botanic Garden TRIMANTO, APRIYONO RAHADIANTORO Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). Jl. Raya Surabaya-Malang Km 65, Pasuruan 67163, East Java, Indonesia. Tel. +62-343-615033, Fax. +62-343-615033, ♥ email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 3 February 2017. Revision accepted: 24 April 2017. Abstract. Trimanto, Rahadiantoro A. 2017. Acclimatization of plant collection from Moyo Island Forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Trop Drylands 1: 43-49. A number of plant accessions were collected from Moyo Island forest, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia consisted of 123 accession numbers of general collection and 17 accession numbers of orchid collection. These plant materials were acclimatized at a nursery in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Acclimatization was aimed to determine successfully adapting plants from the forest, which are expected to survive and can be used as plants collection in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. The objective of this research was to identify the plant species of Moyo Island that can adapt in Purwodadi Botanic Garden and analyze the mechanism of their adaptation. The study was conducted at a nursery unit in 2013, with an observational method. The results show that 75% plant species collected from Moyo Island could adapt in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. We found 96 accessions of the general collection and nine accessions of the orchid collection that could adapt. The orchid collection was harder to adapt as compared to the general plant collection. Keywords: Acclimatization, Moyo Island, Purwodadi Botanic Garden INTRODUCTION to survive in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Acclimatization process will determine to what extent the plants can adapt Exploration is an activity that supports conservation since the native species need a suitable climate to be able to programs. This activity aimed to collect the plant from the grow in a new environment. A proper acclimatization is forest, especially the rare and endemic species and these required to be ready for plant collection in our garden to conserved at Purwodadi Botanic Garden. During the last facilitate adaptation of the newly collected plants. This few years, the researchers have chosen Nusa Tenggara as a research aimed to observe acclimatization by nursery unit location for exploration because of its biogeography that is and to find out the adaptability of plants from Moyo Island, located in the Wallacea region. This biogeographical West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, after being collected at the condition has led to a very diverse flora and fauna (Monk Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. et al. 2007). Until 2013, there were 44 accessions of The results of this research are expected to provide input to general plant (Lestarini et al. 2013) and eight accessions of the future acclimatization process at nursery unit in orchid (Lestarini et al. 2009) from Nusa Tenggara that were Purwodadi Botanic Garden. conserved in Purwodadi Botanic Garden. In 2013, an exploration was conducted in West Nusa Tenggara, especially on Moyo Island, to add more plants to the MATERIALS AND METHODS Purwodadi Botanic Gardens’ collection Moyo Island is located in Sumbawa Besar, Labuan This research was conducted in a greenhouse nursery Padas District, West Nusa Tenggara (8o9'36"-8o23'19" S from April to December 2013. The plant samples included latitude and 117o27'45"-117o35'42" E longitude). In 1972, 140 accession numbers from Moyo Island Forest, West Moyo Island was designated as a conservation area with a Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. An observation method was regional boundary of the forest area of 18.765 ha and used to determine the acclimatization process and geography states in lowland with a maximum altitude of determine the number of non-adapting plants in Purwodadi 600 m a.s.l. This area consists of a Mediterranean soil type Botanic Garden, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Observed with sandy soil texture, poor soil nutrient content due to temperature, humidity, medium pH, and light intensity rapid soil permeability and soil leaching. The Moyo Island were used to determine and compare the environmental climate type is similar to that of Botanic Purwodadi Garden factors in the nursery unit. with dry lowland areas, and also related environmental Acclimatization process was divided into two groups, factors such as rainfall, temperature, soil pH, humidity and the general collection (non-orchids) and the orchid light intensity (Trimanto et al. 2013). collection (Trimanto 2013). General treatment steps of Acclimatization is intended to make a plant condition in plant materials from exploration (seedlings, plant cuttings such a way that enables the plants from forest exploration and seeds) in the nursery of Purwodadi Botanic Garden 44 TROPICAL DRYLANDS 1 (1): 43-49, June 2017 included: (i) Reducing the leaves of plant materials to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION minimize evaporation and wrapping the roots with moss to maintain moisture content, (ii) Dipping the plant materials The present study results showed that the majority of in a plant growth regulator (Rootone-F) with a Moyo Island forest’s plants were able to adapt well at concentration of 100 mg L-1, (iii) Putting of the plant Purwodadi Botanic Garden. There are 78 accession materials in a plastic bag, blowing and covering tightly to numbers of general collection (non-orchid) and 12 keep the plant fresh, (iv) Growing the plant materials on accession numbers of orchid that can survive in Purwodadi pure sand, (v) Covering the plant materials with plastic Botanic Garden (Table 1). Only 22% of the general until the plants grow well (the appearance of leaf buds), collection of plants (non-orchid) and 29% of orchid (vi) Planting the transplants on polybag media with a collection from Moyo Island were unable to adapt at mixture of soil, compost, sand and rice husk of 1:1:1:1/2 Purwodadi Botanic Garden until December 2013. The plant ratio, (vii) Maintaining the plant in paranet house including materials from Moyo Island were adapting well in the watering, adding media and pest control. For orchid Botanic Garden. During April 2013 to February 2014, the collection, the treatment step of plant materials included vegetative growth was very good in the nursery unit. The planting of the orchid collection in the orchid greenhouse. same was true for the terrestrial orchid collection. Planting medium for epiphytic orchids was tree fern fiber There are three most important environmental factors (or sphagnum moss) and that for the terrestrial orchid was a that influence the plant growth, namely the temperature, mixture of compost, soil, and sand medium in a ratio of water (precipitation), and light (Liwellin 2001). 1:1:1 (Figure 1). Documenting the environmental factors in the nursery unit A B C D E F G H I Figure 1. General treatments steps of collected plant materials in the nursery of Purwodadi Botanic Garden, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. A. Reducing leaves and wrapping the seedlings’roots with moss, B. Dipping the seedling materials into a root one solution, C. Covering the plant materials with plastic immediately after they arrived in the nursery, and D. Growing the plant materials in pure sand, E-F. Covering the plant materials with plastic, G. The growth performance of plant materials, H. Transplanting the growing plants into polybags and maintaining them in paranet house, I. Treatment of epiphytic orchid in field TRIMANTO & RAHADIANTORO – Acclimatization of plant collection from Moyo Island Forest 45 of Purwodadi Botanic Garden is needed to know the Table 1. Survival percentage of plant collection from Moyo Island condition of acclimatization. Environmental conditions of Plant collection acclimatization in the nursery such as temperature, Category humidity, and pH were favorable for the plants to survive General Orchid when compared to those of Moyo Island Forest (Table 2). Total accession number 123 17 The survival rate of the plant collection from Moyo Island Survival accession number 96 12 was equal to that of Waru-waru coast, Sempu Island, East Survival percentage 78% 71% Java but was higher than those of Egon forest and Mutis Mountain, East Nusa Tenggara. This similar survival rate is supported by environmental factors of Purwodadi Botanic Table 2. Environmental factors condition of acclimatization in Garden that are similar to those of Moyo Island and Sempu Purwodadi Botanic Garden and Moyo Island Island. In addition, evidence from acclimatization of plants originating from East Nusa Tenggara (Egon Forest and Environmental factors Location Temp. Hum. Light intensity Mutis Mountain) with different environmental conditions 0 pH ( C) (%) (Lux) (altitudes above 800 m asl) indicated lower adaptation rates Greenhouse (sand media)- 27-28 72-88 6.2 500-8.820 of the collected plants from these locations, where only half Purwodadi Botanic the collected plants were able to adapt in Purwodadi Garden Botanic Garden. Based on the previous findings (Trimanto Paranet house (polybag 26-29 76-82 6.0 180-3.800 2013; Permatasari and Rahadiantoro 2015), it can be seen media)-Purwodadi Botanic that the exploration site altitude affects the number of Garden living collections. Orchids house-Purwodadi 28-29 76-82 6.4 820-17.500 In their native habitat, the plants can grow well in low Botanic Garden rainfall and dryland conditions. The altitude of the native Moyo Island Forest 29-31 70-90 4.8-6.2 4.300-131.000 habitat is not higher than 600 m a.s.l., which is similar with that of Purwodadi Botanic Garden. Overall, the climatic Table 3. List of plant collection that were not able to adapt in condition in Purwodadi Botanic Garden is similar with that Purwodadi Botanic Garden of Moyo Island so that many plants collected in Moyo Island could survive in Purwodadi Botanic Garden, List of accession plant Category Family although several of the collected plants could not survive at (species) Purwodadi Botanic Garden (Table 3).
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