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Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
nutrients Review Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis Norah A. Alshammari 1,2, Moira A. Taylor 3, Rebecca Stevenson 4 , Ourania Gouseti 5, Jaber Alyami 6 , Syahrizal Muttakin 7,8, Serafim Bakalis 5, Alison Lovegrove 9, Guruprasad P. Aithal 2 and Luca Marciani 2,* 1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Translational Medical Sciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 3 Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 4 Precision Imaging Beacon, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 5 Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] (O.G.); [email protected] (S.B.) 6 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jakarta 12540, Indonesia; Citation: Alshammari, N.A.; [email protected] Taylor, M.A.; Stevenson, R.; 8 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Gouseti, O.; Alyami, J.; Muttakin, S.; 9 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; [email protected] Bakalis, S.; Lovegrove, A.; Aithal, G.P.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-115-823-1248 Marciani, L. -
Sugar Utilization by Yeast During Fermentation
Journal of IndustriaI Microbiology, 4 (I989) 315-324 Elsevier 315 SIM00189 Sugar utilization by yeast during fermentation Tony D'Amore, Inge Russell and Graham G. Stewart Research Department, Labatt Brewing Company Limited, London, Ontario, Canada Received 8 August 1988 Accepted 16 December 1988 Key words: Sugar uptake; Yeast; Brewer's wort SUMMARY When glucose and fructose are fermented separately, the uptake profiles indicate that both sugars are utilized at similar rates. However, when fermentations are conducted in media containing an equal concentra- tion of glucose and fructose, glucose is utilized at approximately twice the rate of fructose. The preferential uptake of glucose also occurred when sucrose, which was first rapidly hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose by the action of the enzyme invertase, was employed as a substrate. Similar results were observed in the fer- mentation of brewer's wort and wort containing 30% sucrose and 30% glucose as adjuncts. In addition, the high levels of glucose in the wort exerted severe catabolite repression on maltose utilization in the Saccharo~ myces uvarum (carlsbergensis) brewing strain. Kinetic analysis of glucose and fructose uptake in Saccharo- myces cerevisiae revealed a Km of 1.6 mM for glucose and 20 mM for fructose. Thus, the yeast strain has a higher affinity for glucose than fructose. Growth on glucose or fructose had no repressible effect on the uptake of either sugar. In addition, glucose inhibited fructose uptake by 60% and likewise fructose inhibited glucose uptake by 40%. These results indicate that glucose and fructose share the same membrane transport compo- nents. INTRODUCTION transport systems [2,3]. -
The Comparative Effect on Satiety and Subsequent Energy Intake of Ingesting Sucrose Or Isomaltulose Sweetened Trifle: a Randomized Crossover Trial
nutrients Article The Comparative Effect on Satiety and Subsequent Energy Intake of Ingesting Sucrose or Isomaltulose Sweetened Trifle: A Randomized Crossover Trial Fiona E. Kendall, Olivia Marchand, Jillian J. Haszard and Bernard J. Venn * Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] (F.E.K.); [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (J.J.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-3-479-5068 Received: 25 September 2018; Accepted: 13 October 2018; Published: 15 October 2018 Abstract: The effect that blood glucose concentration has on feelings of satiety is unclear. Our aims were to assess satiety and subsequent energy intake following the ingestion of trifle sweetened with sucrose or isomaltulose whilst measuring plasma glucose concentration to confirm glycemic differences between trifles. Seventy-seven healthy adults participated in a double-blind crossover trial where trifle sweetened with sucrose or isomaltulose was consumed on separate days with a two-week washout. Blood was sampled at the baseline, 1 and 2 h postprandially, and satiety assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS). Weighed diet records were taken on test days. A statistically significant difference in blood glucose concentration between trifles was found at 60 min following consumption, with the isomaltulose trifle having a 0.69 mmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.07, −0.31) lower concentration when compared with the sucrose trifle. Mean satiety response by area-under-the-curve (AUC) was not significantly different between trifles. Mean (SD) appetite scores for the sucrose and isomaltulose trifles were 4493 (2393) and 4527 (2590) mm·min, respectively, with a between trifle difference of −9 (95% CI: −589, 572) mm·min. -
FDA Finalizes Allulose Guidance and Requests Information on Other Sugars Metabolized Differently Than Traditional Sugars
FDA Finalizes Allulose Guidance and Requests Information on Other Sugars Metabolized Differently Than Traditional Sugars October 19, 2020 Food, Drug, and Device FDA has taken two notable actions regarding the sugars declaration in the Nutrition Facts Label (NFL) and Supplement Facts Label (SFL). On Friday, the agency released a final guidance regarding the declaration of allulose, confirming that this monosaccharide need not be included in the declaration of “Total Sugars” or “Added Sugars,” though it must be included in the “Total Carbohydrates” declaration in the NFL. Today, FDA published a Federal Register notice requesting information about and comments on the nutrition labeling of other sugars that are metabolized differently than traditional sugars. We briefly summarize both documents below to help inform stakeholder comments on the notice, which are due to FDA by December 18, 2020. Allulose Final Guidance Allulose, or D-psicose, is a monosaccharide that can be used as a substitute for traditional sugar in food and beverage products. For purposes of nutrition labeling, FDA has generally 1 defined nutrients based on their chemical structure.0F Accordingly, when FDA updated its NFL and SFL regulations in 2016, the agency reiterated the definition of “Total Sugars” as the sum of 2 all free monosaccharides and disaccharides (e.g. glucose, fructose, and sucrose).1F FDA also added to these regulations a definition of “Added Sugars” – sugars added during the processing 3 of food, or packaged as such – and required their declaration in the NFL and SFL.2F Although the agency recognized that there are sugars that are metabolized differently than traditional sugars, FDA did not make a determination at that time as to whether allulose should be excluded from “Total Carbohydrate,” “Total Sugars,” or “Added Sugars” Declarations. -
Properties of Maltodextrins and Glucose Syrups in Experiments in Vitro and in the Diets of Laboratory Animals, Relating to Dental Health
Downloaded from British Journal of Nutrition (2000), 84, 565±574 565 https://www.cambridge.org/core Properties of maltodextrins and glucose syrups in experiments in vitro and in the diets of laboratory animals, relating to dental health T. H. Grenby* and M. Mistry . IP address: Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, GKT Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK (Received 5 July 1999 ± Revised 13 December 1999 ± Accepted 26 January 2000) 170.106.33.42 The objective of the study was to examine the cariogenic potentials of maltodextrins and glucose , on syrups (two glucose polymers derived from starch) using a range of techniques in vitro and in 01 Oct 2021 at 02:19:26 laboratory animals. The experimental methods used were: (1) measurement of acid production from glucose syrups and maltodextrins by human dental plaque micro-organisms; (2) evaluation of the role salivary a-amylase in degrading oligosaccharides (degree of polymerisation .3) in the glucose polymers, estimating the products by HPLC; (3) assessment of the fermentability of trioses relative to maltose; (4) measurement of dental caries levels in three large-scale studies in laboratory rats fed on diets containing the glucose polymers. It was found that acid production from the glucose polymers increased as their higher saccharide content fell. Salivary a-amylase , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at rapidly degraded the oligosaccharides (degree of polymerisation .3), mainly to maltose and maltotriose. In the presence of oral micro-organisms, maltotriose took longer to ferment than maltose, but by the end of a 2 h period the total amount of acid produced was the same from both. -
Fiber Fit for All!
fiber fit for all! what is Fibersol-2? Fibersol®-2 digestion-resistant maltodextrin is a soluble corn fiber that acts as a low-calorie bulking agent containing 90 percent dietary fiber. It can be used with minimal formulation adjustments in a variety of food applications to maintain Fiber for Health or improve a product’s desired attributes. Even at significant levels, Fibersol-2 Fibersol®-2, digestion resistant doesn’t affect taste or viscosity. Fibersol-2, digestion resistant maltodextrin, is a maltodextrin, is a low viscosity soluble spray-dried powder produced by a proprietary method of controlled enzymatic dietary fiber that clinical research has hydrolysis of cornstarch. It has numerous starch linkages that remain undigested indicated helps support or maintain by enzymes of the human digestive tract. It is recognized as GRAS (generally intestinal regularity. Clinical studies show recognized as safe) by the Food and Drug Administration and certified Kosher that Fibersol-2 helps to relieve occasional and Pareve by the Orthodox Union. A variety of functional, physical, and sensory constipation and select studies show that attributes of Fibersol-2, digestion resistant maltodextrin, will bring opportunities it improves stool consistency. to food and beverage applications. Studies show that, when taken with a meal, Fibersol-2, digestion resistant Physical Characteristics maltodextrin, may attenuate the rise Color: Off-white powder; clear, transparent in 10% solution; in serum glucose following the meal. resists both enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning. Fibersol-2 has the potential to reduce Soluble Dietary Fiber Flavor: No flavor, clean peak postprandial blood glucose and Fibersol®-2 is a 90 percent minimum dry solids Solubility: Water soluble up to 70% (w/w) at 20° C insulin levels that are within the normal basis soluble dietary fiber (in accordance with Dispersibility: Excellent range in healthy individuals. -
14608 Federal Register / Vol
14608 Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 58 / Thursday, March 26, 1998 / Rules and Regulations Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64106; DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND telephone: (816) 426±3408. HUMAN SERVICES Federal Aviation Administration SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On Food and Drug Administration January 20, 1998, the FAA published in 14 CFR Part 71 Federal Register a direct final rule; 21 CFR Part 184 request for comments which modified [Airspace Docket No. 97±ACE±20] the Class E airspace at Columbus [Docket No. 91G±0451] Municipal Airport, NE (FR Doc. 98± Amendment to Class E Airspace; Direct Food Substances Affirmed as 1230, 63 FR 2887, Airspace Docket No. Marshall Army Airfield, Fort Riley, KS Generally Recognized as Safe; 97±ACE±32). The effective date of the Maltodextrin Derived From Rice Starch document is amended to coincide with AGENCY: Federal Aviation the chart change date. After careful Administration, DOT. AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, review of all available information HHS. ACTION: Direct final rule; confirmation of related to the subject presented above, ACTION: Final rule. effective date. the FAA has determined that air safety and the public interest require adoption SUMMARY: The Food and Drug SUMMARY: This notice confirms the of the rule. The FAA has determined Administration (FDA) is amending its effective date of a direct final rule which that these corrections will not change regulations to affirm that maltodextrin revises Class E airspace at Marshall the meaning of the action nor add any derived from rice starch is generally Army Airfield, Fort Riley, KS. additional burden on the public beyond recognized as safe (GRAS). -
Pullulan Handling/Processing 1 2 Identification of Petitioned Substance
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service | National Organic Program Document Cover Sheet https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/national-list/petitioned Document Type: ☐ National List Petition or Petition Update A petition is a request to amend the USDA National Organic Program’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances (National List). Any person may submit a petition to have a substance evaluated by the National Organic Standards Board (7 CFR 205.607(a)). Guidelines for submitting a petition are available in the NOP Handbook as NOP 3011, National List Petition Guidelines. Petitions are posted for the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. ☒ Technical Report A technical report is developed in response to a petition to amend the National List. Reports are also developed to assist in the review of substances that are already on the National List. Technical reports are completed by third-party contractors and are available to the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. Contractor names and dates completed are available in the report. Pullulan Handling/Processing 1 2 Identification of Petitioned Substance 3 Chemical Names: CAS Number: 4 5-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[[3,4,5- 9057-02-7 5 trihydroxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 6 methoxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]methoxymethyl]-6- EC/EINECS Number: 7 (hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol (IUPAC) 232-945-1 8 9 Other Name: Other Codes: 10 Pullulan [National Formulary] PubChem CID: 92024139 11 Polymaltotriose EPA Chem. Sub. Inventory Nos.: 1224323-71-0, 12 152743-43-6; 58252-16-7; 58391-35-8 13 Trade Name: INS No. -
Maltodextrin
Global Supplier Of Plant Based Ingredients Maltodextrin Applications Specifications Food industry Appearance pH • Cakes, cookies, frostings, granola bars, dry mixes yellow amorphous powder 4.0-6.5 and ice creams • Soups, sauces, creams and salad dressings Moisture DE • Nutritional and sports drinks 10.0% max max 20 Ash SO2 0.5% max max 0.0025% Properties Packaging & Shelf life DE Value • 25 kg bags Browning High • 50 lbs • FIBC Hygroscopicity/humectant properties High Plasticity High Minimum of 24 months Sweetness High after date of production, Solubility High in closed packing. Best before expiration date Osmolality High on packaging. Molecular weight Low Viscocity Low Cohesiveness Low Flim-forming properties Low Prevention of large sugar-crystal information Low Contact Meelunie B.V. - Viñoly Tower, 18th floor, Claude Debussylaan 40, 1082 MD Amsterdam P.O. Box 10102, 1001 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands +31.20.530.6530 | [email protected] | www.meelunie.com Global Supplier Of Plant Based Ingredients Your eye on the market since 1867 General information Our services Meelunie was founded in The Netherlands in 1867. • Competitive prices Since then we have become a key global supplier in • Consistent quality & guaranteed supply starches, sweeteners and proteins in more than 90 • Multiple origins sourcing countries. Our brands are internationally recognised as • Local support a standard of excellence and reliability. With supply and • Market intelligence advisory distribution networks around the world, we are • Multiple logistic solutions "Your -
Structure and Metabolism of the Intracellular Polysaccharide of Corynebacterium. Don D
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Structure and Metabolism of the Intracellular Polysaccharide of Corynebacterium. Don D. Mickey Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mickey, Don D., "Structure and Metabolism of the Intracellular Polysaccharide of Corynebacterium." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1679. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1679 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9079 MICKEY, Don D., 1940- STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM OF THE INTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF CORYNEBACTERIUM. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Microbiology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM OF THE INTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF CORYNEBACTERIUM A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Microbiology by Don D. Mickey B. S., Louisiana State University, 1963 August, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to acknowledge Dr. M. D. Socolofsky for his guidance during the preparation of this dissertation. He also wishes to thank Dr. H. D. Braymer and Dr. A. D. Larson and other members of the Department of Microbiology for helpful advice given during various phases of this research. -
Metabolic, Hormonal and Performance Effects of Isomaltulose Ingestion Before Prolonged Aerobic Exercise: a Double-Blind, Randomised, Cross-Over Trial Hannah L
Notbohm et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2021) 18:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00439-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Metabolic, hormonal and performance effects of isomaltulose ingestion before prolonged aerobic exercise: a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial Hannah L. Notbohm1, Joshua F. Feuerbacher1, Finn Papendorf1, Nils Friese1, Mats W. Jacobs1, Hans-Georg Predel2, Jonas Zacher2, Wilhelm Bloch1 and Moritz Schumann1* Abstract Background: Isomaltulose has been discussed as a low glycaemic carbohydrate but evidence concerning performance benefits and physiological responses has produced varying results. Therefore, we primarily aimed to investigate the effects of isomaltulose ingestion compared to glucose and maltodextrin on fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose levels and serum hormone concentrations of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). As secondary aims, we assessed running performance and gastrointestinal discomfort. Methods: Twenty-one male recreational endurance runners performed a 70-min constant load trial at 70% maximal running speed (Vmax), followed by a time to exhaustion (TTE) test at 85% Vmax after ingesting either 50 g isomaltulose, maltodextrin or glucose. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated from spiroergometric data. Venous blood samples for measurement of GIP and insulin were drawn before, after the constant load trial and after the TTE. Capillary blood samples for glucose concentrations and subjective feeling of gastrointestinal discomfort were collected every 10 min during the constant load trial. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). -
PDS ELN Vivinal®-GOS-Powder-Maltodextrin.Pdf
Product data sheet Vivinal® GOS Powder Maltodextrin Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin is a galacto-oligosaccharide ingredient with maltodextrin as a carrier. Scientific studies have shown positive effects of oligosaccharides, among which galacto-oligosaccharides, on growth of bifidobacteria1,2, stool consistency3,4, bowel function and transit time5,6, support of natural defences7-10 and absorption of calcium and iron11-13. Product characteristics Packaging Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin is an ingredient Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin is packed in a multiple containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). It is produced layered paperbag with a polyethylene inner liner with net from high quality lactose using a proprietary enzymatic content of 25kg. production technology. This product is spay-dried with maltodextrin and is perfectly suitable for dry blending. Shelf life and storage conditions Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin is stable during long- Application term storage. Both the oligosaccharide content and the Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin is used world-wide as an product characteristics making Vivinal GOS Powder ingredient for standard and premium infant formulas, Maltodextrin unique remain unchanged (no degradation) follow-on formulas, growing-up milk and medical nutrition for at least 18 months when stored under clean, dry and applications. Scientific studies have shown positive effects dark conditions and separated from strongly odorous of oligosaccharides, among which GOS, on growth of materials. bifidobacteria1,2, stool consistency3,4, bowel function and transit time5,6, support of natural defences7-10 and mineral absorption11-13. Next to oligosaccharides, Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin also contains maltodextrin, which is a widely used source of carbohydrates in the infant nutrition industry. The taste of Vivinal GOS Powder Maltodextrin can be characterized as sweet.