Name: edHelper Impact--Just Because! By Beth A. Beutler

Think about the kinds of things we take for granted, and the people involved. Is there something creative you can do to thank them? Are there attitudes you can improve on? Here are a few suggestions to get you thinking!

Wash, dry, and put away the dishes for Mom or Dad "just because" they do it all the time.

Make your sister's bed "just because" you love her.

Send some flowers to your grandmother "just because" she always has time for you.

Pay attention in class "just because" your teacher works so hard.

Treat a friend to lunch "just because" you appreciate his or her friendship.

Play extra with your dog "just because" he is so loyal.

Leave a treat for the mail carrier "just because" they are so faithful.

Thank a police officer "just because" they put themselves in danger to protect you.

Smile at a stranger "just because" they may need some encouragement.

Return extra change to the cashier if you get too much "just because" it is the right thing to do.

Leave a big tip for a server "just because" their job is not easy.

Give some money to a worthy cause "just because" you already have more than you need.

Do a job for a shut-in "just because" you want to show kindness.

Clean your room "just because" it makes it easier to find things!

Read a good book "just because" it's good for your brain.

Eat some fruit "just because" it's better for you than candy.

Save some money "just because" you may need it later.

Have some fun "just because" life isn't all about work.

Work hard "just because" life isn't all about fun.

Be considerate of others "just because" life doesn't revolve just around you.

Give up something for someone else "just because" it will make their day.

Plant some trees "just because" it's good for the environment.

Exercise "just because" it's good for your body.

Discover your mission "just because" you are meant to have impact. edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper

Believe in something bigger than yourself, "just because."

You get the idea! Some of the above ideas focus on your thinking. Others focus on action. Wise thinking leads to effective action, so have fun making others happy and having a positive impact on our world. You'll end up being very happy yourself, "just because!"

Impact--Just Because! Questions

1. This piece would be considered non-fiction. A. True B. False 2. The author suggests that we should try to have a positive ______on our world.

3. The author suggests that our impact starts with: A. People and situations closest to us B. People in another country C. Our family D. Americans 4. Of the suggestions given, list two that have to do with taking care of you.

5. Of the professions mentioned in the suggestions, which is NOT mentioned? A. Police Officer B. Teacher C. Mail Carrier D. Principal 6. The author makes several suggestions related to our attitudes and beliefs. Which of the following most closely summarizes the overall theme? A. We should be generous. B. Others are more important than we are. C. We need to look out for ourselves. D. Life is larger than just what involves us. 7. According to the author, ______thinking leads to ______action.

edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper 8. Which definition of "impact" best fits this article? A. The power to produce change B. To hit with force C. To pack or wedge D. Violent collision

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Crystals By Sharon Fabian

Salt crystals are cubes. Snowflakes have six sides. A diamond has many sides. Minerals like these that have flat smooth sides are all called crystals. Crystals are made of molecules that are all the same shape, and are arranged in a neat pattern. This pattern gives crystals their beautiful geometric shapes. Some crystals can be cut and polished into sparkling jewelry. These crystals are called gemstones. Diamonds, emeralds, amethyst, and rubies are crystals. Some gemstones have colorful names that match the gem. There are green phantom quartz, rainbow obsidian, and Oregon jelly opal.

Gemstones form in the Earth over a long period of time. It took about a billion years to form the Hope Diamond, which you can now see in the Smithsonian Institution at the Museum of Natural History.

Other crystals form much quicker. In fact, you can grow crystals yourself using just a few everyday ingredients. You can grow crystals from sugar, salt, Epsom salts, or other chemical salts that you can buy at a chemistry supply or drug store.

To start, you will need a saturated solution. Mix the Epsom salt, or whatever, in hot water until the water has dissolved all that it can dissolve. This is called a saturated solution.

Next, you will need a place where the crystals can grow undisturbed. A glass jar with a large opening at the top will work fine. The crystals will also need something to attach to, so you can put a rock in the jar, or hang a piece of string into the middle of the jar. You can hang the string from a pencil that you lay across the top of the jar. Once your saturated solution has cooled, pour it into the jar, and set the jar someplace where it will not be bumped for a long time.

Crystals should begin to grow on the rock or the string. Of course, crystals are not alive, but people still say that crystals "grow."

If your crystals don't seem to be growing, do a little troubleshooting. Make sure that the jar is in a place where the temperature stays the same. Make sure that it isn't getting bumped around. Also, check to be sure that the jar was a clean one.

Once your crystals start growing, you can take them out and look at them through a magnifying glass. See what shape they are, and how many sides they have. You might want to grow and compare different kinds of crystals.

If you want to grow pretty ones to keep, you might like to add a drop or two of food coloring to the solution or put the food coloring right on the rock. Grow different kinds to make a crystal garden.

Then, if you would like to look at some of the really big, gorgeous crystals that took ages to form inside the Earth, you might like to visit the Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian or another museum that has an exhibit of gems and minerals. You can also do a little research on the Internet to find pictures of spectacular crystals. You can find close up pictures of lacy snowflake crystals, and decide for yourself if no two snowflakes are alike.

Whether you go to see gemstones in a museum, look at magnified pictures of snowflakes, or grow homemade crystals in a jar, I think you will agree that crystals are one part of the science of matter that is both interesting and beautiful.

edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Crystals Questions

1. Crystals all have four sides. A. true B. false 2. Crystals all have flat, smooth sides. A. false B. true 3. Crystals all grow inside the Earth very slowly. A. false B. true 4. You can grow crystals at home. A. true B. false 5. You would need a powerful microscope to see how many sides a crystal has. A. false B. true 6. Which of the following is not a crystal? A. water B. amethyst C. snowflake D. salt 7. Which of the following is a saturated solution? A. a mixture of two cups of water and one cup of sugar B. water with as much sugar as possible dissolved in it C. water and sugar boiled together D. water with one tablespoon of sugar dissolved in it

8. Name one other type of crystal that was not mentioned in the article.

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Dinner on a Cold Day By Colleen Messina

I am a homonym that can be spelled two ways, and I have more than one meaning. Spelled one way, I am a stew or sauce that is usually made out of beans, spices, and tomato sauce. I can sometimes have meat as an ingredient as well. I can be enjoyed as a main course for dinner on a cold winter day. Spelled slightly differently, I can mean being cold. If you feel this way, you can wear a fuzzy sweater, a funky ski cap, or a pair of cozy toe socks. See if you can fill in the blanks in the following sentence: On a ______day, it's never silly to eat a great big bowl of ______!

Dinner on a Cold Day Questions

1. If you feel this way on a cold day, which item of clothing was not a suggestion of what to wear? A. a funky ski cap B. a bathing suit C. a pair of cozy toe socks D. a fuzzy sweater 2. According to this paragraph, which season might be a good time to enjoy this item as a main course for dinner? A. winter B. summer C. spring D. fall 3. One item described in this paragraph sometimes has meat in it. A. true B. false 4. What words fill in the blanks in the sentence in this paragraph?

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Gum By Colleen Messina

Different forms of gum have been around for centuries. Long ago, the Mayans chewed on sticky tree sap. They called it chicle. The ancient Greeks chewed a form of gum, too. It was called mastic gum. This gum was the resin obtained from the bark of a mastic tree. American settlers made gum from spruce sap. They mixed it with beeswax. Later, fruit and mint flavors were added to these sappy-flavored gums. More than one person worked on a recipe for bubble gum. Early bubble gum didn't "bubble." Walter Diemer is given credit for the invention of bubble gum in 1928. It was called Double Bubble. Today, many kinds of gum are available. Gum has come a long way!

Gum Questions

1. What did the Mayans call their form of gum? A. chicklets B. chicle C. bubble gum D. none of the above 2. A substance from which type of tree was used by the ancient Greeks to make their form of gum? A. an oak tree B. a maple tree C. a mastic tree D. an apple tree

3. What did American settlers mix with sap to make their gum? A. maple syrup B. sugar C. honey D. beeswax 4. According to the article, what flavors were later added to gum?

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Hyenas

Wandering in packs called clans, hyenas are not afraid of taking on animals much larger than they are! Their aggressive nature and skillful teamwork make them fearsome. They can even drive away hungry lions!

The spotted hyena is the most familiar to us. There are two other hyena species - the striped and the brown hyena. Why is the spotted hyena so famous? Well, the spotted hyena is a very vocal animal. When a spotted hyena wants to show its respect to a more senior clan member, it makes a sound that resembles our laughter. Because its "laughs" are so noticeable, we often nickname the animal the laughing hyena. While both the spotted and the brown hyenas live in African savannahs, the striped hyena also lives in the Middle East and India.

All hyena species have long front legs and short hind legs. Their backs slope downward. Like many meat-eating animals (such as tigers), hyenas have powerful jaws and sharp teeth. What makes hyenas so different from other meat-eating animals is that hyenas can crush and digest bones at ease! Thus, even if hyenas cannot make their own kill, they can simply survive by enjoying the leftovers discarded by other predators. We call animals feeding on dead or decaying flesh "scavengers." Vultures and komodo dragons are scavengers, too. A common misconception of hyenas is that they feed only on dead animals. In reality, hyenas are not only scavengers but also active hunters that often travel in groups to kill a large animal such as a zebra.

In the hyena society, females dominate. A hyena clan may consist of up to eighty members. Even though hyenas are known to work together to hunt and defend their territories, they are not always a big, happy family. In fact, hyena cubs must start competing the moment after their birth. Stronger cubs wrestle, bite, or do anything they can to keep their siblings from nursing. In many cases, the weaker ones die. Female hyenas of the same clan gather their young in a communal den when their cubs are about two to three months old. They entrust their cubs to other female clan members who can still produce milk, so they can go out and search for food. Male hyena cubs leave their clan at the age of two. Female hyena cubs stay behind and continue to compete with other female hyenas for dominance.

Hyenas Questions

1. Which of the following hyena species is also known as the laughing hyena? A. the brown hyena B. the spotted hyena C. the white hyena D. the striped hyena 2. The brown hyena is the only hyena species that can also be found outside of Africa. A. true B. false 3. What do we call a group of hyenas? A. a school B. a parliament C. a clan D. a flock

edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper 4. Which of the following about hyenas is true? A. Hyenas are scavengers. B. Although hyenas live in large groups, but they like to hunt alone. C. Hyenas have short front legs and long hind legs, so their backs slope upward. D. In the hyena society, males dominate their female partners. 5. Scavengers are animals that eat dead or decaying flesh. A. true B. false 6. Which of the following best describes hyena cubs? A. Hyena cubs are peace-loving animals. The stronger cubs will let the weaker ones drink milk first. B. Hyena cubs are placed in a communal den right after their birth. C. Male hyena cubs leave their clan after they are about two years old. D. Female hyena cubs leave their clan after they are about two years old. 7. Where can we find the spotted hyena? A. the Amazon rainforest B. the African savannahs C. the Arctic tundra D. the Himalaya Mountains 8. Which of the following animals is NOT a scavenger? A. elephant B. Komodo dragon C. vulture D. hyena 9. Hyenas are both scavengers and aggressive predators of live animals. A. true B. false

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Day Across the Country By Joyce Furstenau

Punxsutawney Phil is not the only groundhog that predicts the weather. Other weather predicting include Dunkirk Dave, , , , Peewee the Woodchuck, and .

Balzac Billy, also known as the Prairie Prognosticator, lives in a town called Balzac in Alberta, Canada. Unlike other predictors, is a man in a costume. A groundhog named General Beauregard Lee makes his home at the Yellow River Game Ranch in Lilburn, Georgia.

The Staten Island Zoo in New York City is home to groundhog Staten Island Chuck. He appears each year bright and early on February 2 to make his prediction, followed by a hearty fundraising breakfast with Chuck as the honored guest.

It should come as no surprise that the official Ohio groundhog is named . The Groundhog Day celebration takes place in Marion, Ohio, on February 2. While most groundhogs in the wild live only about two years, many Ohioans insist that Buckeye Chuck is the same groundhog that predicted the weather back in 1979.

Other countries and states have their own official groundhog, and some even have more than one. Does your area have its own official groundhog?

Groundhog Day Across the Country Questions

1. Where does Balzac Billy live? A. Balzac City, Spain B. Balzac, Alberta, Canada C. Baltimore D. Baltic Sea 2. In which state does groundhog General Beauregard Lee live? A. Texas B. Florida C. Alabama D. Georgia 3. Staten Island Chuck lives in which state?

4. What is the name of the official Ohio groundhog? A. Buckeye Chuck B. Ohio Ole C. Chuckles the Duck D. Buckeye Buck

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edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Jupiter, King of Planets By Cindy Grigg

Photo shows a side-by-side comparison of Jupiter and Earth. Photo credit: NASA

Have you ever tried to guess how many jelly beans are in a jar? Could you guess how many Earths could fit inside a Jupiter-sized jar? Would you guess one hundred? Five hundred? The answer can be found at the end of this story.

Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. All seven of the other planets together wouldn't weigh half as much as Jupiter. The Romans named Jupiter for the king of their gods, who was also known as Jove. Jupiter shines brightly in our nighttime sky. Only the moon and the planet Venus are brighter.

Jupiter and the Earth are both planets in the same solar system. They do not have much in common other than that. Jupiter is five times farther from the sun than Earth is. Earth is warm enough to have liquid water. Jupiter is very cold. Earth has solid land. Jupiter has none! Earth makes one orbit around the sun in about 365 days. Jupiter's year, however, is about 4,333 days - almost 12 Earth years. That's the time it takes Jupiter to make one trip around the sun moving at a speed of 29,205 mph! A day on Earth is about 24 hours long - the time it takes Earth to make one rotation on its axis. Jupiter, however, rotates very quickly, making one complete turn in nine hours fifty-five minutes. So a whole day and night on Jupiter is less than 10 hours long.

Over four hundred years ago, the Italian astronomer and inventor Galileo Galilei was the first person to see Jupiter through a telescope. He also saw four of Jupiter's moons. They were later named Io, Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa. The four are often called the Galilean moons, after the man who first saw them. Today we know there are at least sixty-seven moons orbiting Jupiter! Ganymede is larger than the planet Mercury.

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and the first of the gas giants. Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are gas giants, too. These planets have no solid surface. They are made mostly of gases. They may have small solid, rocky cores. They are often called "Jovian" planets for the other name of the Roman god. The four Jovian or gas giant planets are very different from the four terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Under Jupiter's atmosphere is not solid land, but an ocean of hydrogen, helium, and other liquid gases. No one knows for sure, but some scientists think this ocean could be 10,000 miles deep!

Looking at Jupiter through a telescope, we can see colored stripes and swirls. These are clouds in Jupiter's atmosphere. The dark stripes that look brown, red, or orange are called belts. The light stripes that look white, yellow, or tan are called zones. Strong winds, caused by Jupiter's speedy rotation, blow clouds into the striped patterns we see.

Can you imagine a storm on Earth lasting hundreds of years? Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a giant hurricane-like storm that was first seen in 1665 by another Italian astronomer, Giovanni Cassini. The Great Red Spot is a storm that is wider than two Earths!

Jupiter is a giant planet that is very unlike ours. It is hard to imagine what lies beneath the striped bands of clouds and the raging storms. A spacecraft called Juno is expected to reach Jupiter in the summer of 2016. It will orbit the planet for more than one year. It will send back pictures. Then for the first time, we will see beneath the layers of clouds. Who knows what new discoveries will be made?

The answer to the question in the first paragraph: 1,321 Earths could fit inside a jar the same size as Jupiter.

edhelper.com 6L[WK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK Name: edHelper Jupiter, King of Planets Questions

1. How long is a year on Jupiter?

2. How long is Jupiter's day? A. almost two months B. nine hours fifty-five minutes C. sixty-four hours D. twenty-four hours 3. Jupiter travels around the sun at a speed of ______. A. 10,000 mph B. 29,205 mph C. 1,407 mph D. 4,333 mph 4. What is the main cause of the colored stripes and swirls we see when we look at Jupiter with a telescope?

5. What is the Great Red Spot? A. a giant storm like a hurricane that has been going on for more than 300 years B. a crater C. a volcano D. none of the above 6. Why do we call Jupiter's four largest moons "Galilean moons"?

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