DOCSLIB.ORG

JAPANESE SALMON in an UNEVEN WORLD a Dissertation Submitted In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
JAPANESE SALMON in an UNEVEN WORLD a Dissertation Submitted In UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ CAUGHT IN COMPARISONS: JAPANESE SALMON IN AN UNEVEN WORLD A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ANTHROPOLOGY by Heather Anne Swanson June 2013 The Dissertation of Heather Anne Swanson is approved: _____________________________ Professor Anna Tsing, chair _____________________________ Professor Susan Harding _____________________________ Professor Andrew Mathews _____________________________ Professor Donna Haraway _____________________________ Professor Alan Christy _____________________________ Professor Marianne Lien _____________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of contents List of figures iv Abstract v Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1 How are salmon done in Japan? (And why does this question matter?) 1 Chapter 2 Japan’s salmon frontier: Comparing Hokkaido and the American West 50 Chapter 3 Of dreams and comparisons: Making Japanese salmon in Chile 99 Chapter 4 Of dreams and shadows: The co-evolution of salmon in Hokkaido and southern Chile 142 Chapter 5 Stuck with salmon: Making modern comparisons at the Kitahama Fisheries Cooperative 186 Chapter 6 Making “wild” salmon in Japan (and in comparison to the Columbia River) 242 Chapter 7 Other comparisons: Ainu, salmon, and indigenous rights 294 Chapter 8 Conclusion: Toward a more comparative STS 340 Bibliography 351 iii List of Figures Figure 1: Fish wheel 88 Figure 2: Rural Hokkaido farm 95 Figure 3: Japanese-Victorian architecture 95 Figure 4: An “improved” river 96 Figure 5: A set net 208 Figure 6: Removing fish from a set net 209 Figure 7: Fertilizing eggs in a hatchery 250 iv Abstract Heather Anne Swanson Caught in Comparisons: Japanese salmon in an uneven world Comparisons are powerful tools for making sense of worlds. But comparisons do not merely identify inherent or pre-existing similarities and differences; instead, they participate in making the very worlds they aim to describe. This dissertation probes how comparative practices shape the formation of multispecies landscapes. I show that the specificities of how people make comparisons and what kinds of comparisons they make are a powerful but often overlooked part of the production of human-nonhuman arrangements, as well as knowledges about them. By focusing on salmon in Hokkaido, Japan, I demonstrate that neither the island’s watershed ecologies nor its fish population structures can be understood without attention to practices of comparison-making. Since the mid-19th century, natural resources management in northern Japan has been profoundly shaped by how people both within and beyond Japan have compared Hokkaido’s landscapes and fish to those in other parts of the world. After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japanese officials sought to “develop” Hokkaido’s lands and waters and make them legibly “modern” to Euro-American audiences. They did so by importing “Western” crops and livestock, promoting large-scale commercial agriculture, and constructing salmon hatcheries. Since that time, the ways that Japanese fishermen, scientists, government officials, and indigenous peoples v have compared Hokkaido’s salmon and salmon-bearing watersheds to others around the globe have dramatically affected the region’s approaches to fisheries management, as well as its salmon. Drawing on ethnographic, archival, and fisheries science research in Hokkaido, the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and Chile, my dissertation demonstrates how particular practices of comparison have created cross-border movements – such as transplants of salmon eggs, exchanges of currency, transfers of scientific technology, and exports of processed fish products – that have shaped the course of Hokkaido’s development, the genes of its fish, and the identities of its people. Comparison, I show, is not just a “meta” act of analysis, but also an everyday practice that alters both human and nonhuman bodies and relations. When a Japanese consumer compares kinds of salmon at a supermarket and decides to purchase the fish labeled “wild,” or when a Chilean biologist compares the temperature of a Patagonian river to one in Hokkaido, determining that it might be possible to transplant fish from one side of the Pacific to the other, such decisions fundamentally reconfigure human and salmon lives. By tracing such far-reaching comparisons, this dissertation attempts to open up the practices and geographies through which we know landscapes. vi Acknowledgements Just as “it takes a village to raise a child,” it takes multiple communities and countless connections to produce a dissertation. I want to begin by thanking Gus Fennerty, who first taught me to love salmon when I participated in his salmon biology courses at Astoria High School. Thanks are also due to Rena Lederman, Carolyn Rouse, and Will Howarth of Princeton University who mentored me through my first ethnographic project, an undergraduate thesis that brought together anthropological theory and salmon management in the United States. I am also grateful to Robert Warren, who hired me for a position at Sea Resources Watershed Learning Center and taught me about the science and politics of salmon restoration in the lower Columbia River region. Although I have not been in contact with them for many years, I want to acknowledge Laura Sellers-Earl, Zaz Hollander, Andy Dolan, and Andrea Kennett, current and former staff members at The Daily Astorian newspaper. They were instrumental in helping me develop interview skills, writing techniques, and an ear for a good story. This project would not have been possible without the excellent Japanese language instruction that I received. I extend thanks to the instructors at University of California, Santa Cruz (especially Sakae Fujita), Cornell University’s FALCON program, Portland State University, SIL Sapporo Nihongo Gakko (especially Harumi Shima), and the Inter-University Center for Japanese Language Studies, Yokohama (especially Ari Sato). I am also extremely grateful for outstanding and generous vii tutoring I received from Setsuko Soga, Naoko Yamamoto, and the volunteers at Sapporo’s Mado program. During my research in Japan, I was fortunate to encounter many people who graciously shared their time, knowledge, and – in some cases – even their guest bedrooms. First, I send thanks to Professor Takami Kuwayama of Hokkaido University, who hosted me during my research. Next, I express my gratitude to Yutaka Watanabe of the Hokkaido Museum of Northern Peoples. Watanabe-san introduced me to Kitahama’s fishermen and provided invaluable information on Japanese fishing in Russian waters. Masahide Kaeriyama, a professor at the Hokkaido University Fisheries School also helped me secure funding and make connections with fisheries professionals. I owe a special debt to the entire Kitahama Fisheries Cooperative Salmon Set- Net Group, who allowed me into their break rooms, onto their boats, and into their lives. I can never adequately express my gratitude to the Motozumi family who hosted me during my stay there. When I arrived in Kitahama with nowhere to stay, they graciously welcomed me into their home. I also want to extend special thanks to Tomoko Konishi, who treated me as a true friend. Aliaky Nagasawa provided me with hours of interviews and numerous articles about the development of the salmon industry in Chile. He also provided key introductions to people in the Chilean salmon industry. Without his encouragement, I would never have followed the connections between Japan and Chile, and I would never have conducted successful research in South America. I am saddened that he viii did not live long enough to read this dissertation, and I dedicate Chapter 3 to his memory. Masahiro Koizumi of Sapporo Jiyuu Gakko Yuu also provided essential help throughout all stages of this project. Along with other Yuu staff and participants, he helped me to think more critically about key issues in contemporary Hokkaido, including environmental sustainability, regional development, and Ainu rights. Professor Mikine Yamazaki, who allowed me to audit his course on the history of Hokkaido’s development policies also contributed greatly to my general understanding of the island. Professor Koji Yamazaki taught me much about Ainu rights and politics. Many members of the salmon restoration societies in Sapporo and Asahikawa taught me about the history of Hokkaido’s hatchery programs and salmon restoration efforts. They generously included me in all of their activities and even invited me to teach a salmon cooking class to their members. The staff of several other organizations, including the Sapporo Salmon Museum and the Hokkaido University Library, graciously helped me to locate needed information. The Sapporo Salmon Museum’s Nozomi Aruga also provided invaluable assistance and introductions during the initial phases of this project. As my research progressed, I also benefitted from the opportunity to present my work and receive constructive criticism. Thanks to Professor Noboru Ishikawa, who invited me to attend a fabulous conference on human-nature relations at Kyoto University and Mohashi Gergely, who arranged for me to speak about my work at ix Keio University. Colin Tyner also organized a panel, of which I was privileged to be a part, at the Asian Studies Conference Japan meeting at Wasada University, during which Aaron Skabelund offered insightful comments as our discussant. Although I cannot individually name them for reasons of confidentiality,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JVP 26(3) September 2006—ABSTRACTS
    Neoceti Symposium, Saturday 8:45 acid-prepared osteolepiforms Medoevia and Gogonasus has offered strong support for BODY SIZE AND CRYPTIC TROPHIC SEPARATION OF GENERALIZED Jarvik’s interpretation, but Eusthenopteron itself has not been reexamined in detail. PIERCE-FEEDING CETACEANS: THE ROLE OF FEEDING DIVERSITY DUR- Uncertainty has persisted about the relationship between the large endoskeletal “fenestra ING THE RISE OF THE NEOCETI endochoanalis” and the apparently much smaller choana, and about the occlusion of upper ADAM, Peter, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; JETT, Kristin, Univ. of and lower jaw fangs relative to the choana. California, Davis, Davis, CA; OLSON, Joshua, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Los A CT scan investigation of a large skull of Eusthenopteron, carried out in collaboration Angeles, CA with University of Texas and Parc de Miguasha, offers an opportunity to image and digital- Marine mammals with homodont dentition and relatively little specialization of the feeding ly “dissect” a complete three-dimensional snout region. We find that a choana is indeed apparatus are often categorized as generalist eaters of squid and fish. However, analyses of present, somewhat narrower but otherwise similar to that described by Jarvik. It does not many modern ecosystems reveal the importance of body size in determining trophic parti- receive the anterior coronoid fang, which bites mesial to the edge of the dermopalatine and tioning and diversity among predators. We established relationships between body sizes of is received by a pit in that bone. The fenestra endochoanalis is partly floored by the vomer extant cetaceans and their prey in order to infer prey size and potential trophic separation of and the dermopalatine, restricting the choana to the lateral part of the fenestra.
    [Show full text]
  • Imagine the Silver Beauty and the Fighting Spirit of Atlantic Salmon; The
    Sakhalin Silver Text and Photos: Clemens Ratschan Imagine the silver beauty and the fighting spirit of Atlantic salmon; the complex, unpredictable life- history of sea trout and combine with the ferocious take and body mass of a predatory taimen. This will give you a glimpse of what fishing for Sakhalin taimen, the silver of the Russian Far East, is about. AM PLEASED TO introduce Siberian taimen, Hucho taimen. No this fish to the readers of wonder, scientists also erroneously Chasing Silver, because in related this far-eastern species to many respects it forms a the large-sized, non-anadromous missing link between the predators of the genus Hucho, which Ifishery for anadromous salmon and is a branch of the salmonoid tree for huchen, a big predatory non- that occurs exclusively in Eurasia. anadromous salmonoid in my home In Central Europe, Hucho hucho is country of Austria (‘Danube salmon’ restricted to the Danube System, in English. See article “Taimen” by where self-sustaining stocks are Wolfgang Hauer, issue 3/2010). presently only found in a handful of Sakhalin taimen is one of the rivers in Germany, Austria, Slovakia least-known salmonid species among and former Yugoslavia. Huchen is non-Russian fishermen; even many very closely related to the already- Russians tend to confuse it with the mentioned Siberian taimen. The latter | 62 | Chasing Silver Fly Fishing Magazine April’s Fav Five www.chasingsilvermagazine.com | 63 | Sakhalin Silver inhabits a distant, vast range from a habits. But one ecological feature expeditions to Japan. Later, the fish few places in European Russia to the is unique – all members of the true was assigned to the genus Parahucho, Lena and Amur rivers in the very far huchen live exclusively in fresh water, with regard to some obvious east of northern Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Dick Polich in Art History
    ww 12 DICK POLICH THE CONDUCTOR: DICK POLICH IN ART HISTORY BY DANIEL BELASCO > Louise Bourgeois’ 25 x 35 x 17 foot bronze Fountain at Polich Art Works, in collaboration with Bob Spring and Modern Art Foundry, 1999, Courtesy Dick Polich © Louise Bourgeois Estate / Licensed by VAGA, New York (cat. 40) ww TRANSFORMING METAL INTO ART 13 THE CONDUCTOR: DICK POLICH IN ART HISTORY 14 DICK POLICH Art foundry owner and metallurgist Dick Polich is one of those rare skeleton keys that unlocks the doors of modern and contemporary art. Since opening his first art foundry in the late 1960s, Polich has worked closely with the most significant artists of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. His foundries—Tallix (1970–2006), Polich of Polich’s energy and invention, Art Works (1995–2006), and Polich dedication to craft, and Tallix (2006–present)—have produced entrepreneurial acumen on the renowned artworks like Jeff Koons’ work of artists. As an art fabricator, gleaming stainless steel Rabbit (1986) and Polich remains behind the scenes, Louise Bourgeois’ imposing 30-foot tall his work subsumed into the careers spider Maman (2003), to name just two. of the artists. In recent years, They have also produced major public however, postmodernist artistic monuments, like the Korean War practices have discredited the myth Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC of the artist as solitary creator, and (1995), and the Leonardo da Vinci horse the public is increasingly curious in Milan (1999). His current business, to know how elaborately crafted Polich Tallix, is one of the largest and works of art are made.2 The best-regarded art foundries in the following essay, which corresponds world, a leader in the integration to the exhibition, interweaves a of technological and metallurgical history of Polich’s foundry know-how with the highest quality leadership with analysis of craftsmanship.
    [Show full text]
  • Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Fall 1-7-2020 Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities Jeffrey Braytenbah Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Braytenbah, Jeffrey, "Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the ashioningF of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities" (2020). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5356. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7229 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Crania Japonica: Ethnographic Portraiture, Scientific Discourse, and the Fashioning of Ainu/Japanese Colonial Identities by Jeff Braytenbah A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: Kenneth J. Ruoff, Chair Laura Robson Jennifer Tappan Portland State University 2019 © 2019 Jeff Braytenbah Abstract Japan’s colonial activities on the island of Hokkaido were instrumental to the creation of modern Japanese national identity. Within this construction, the indigenous Ainu people came to be seen in dialectical opposition to the 'modern' and 'civilized' identity that Japanese colonial actors fashioned for themselves. This process was articulated through travel literature, ethnographic portraiture, and discourse in scientific racism which racialized perceived divisions between the Ainu and Japanese and contributed to the unmaking of the Ainu homeland: Ainu Mosir.
    [Show full text]
  • Senk'lip News September 2020
    OKANAGAN INDIAN BAND 12420 Westside Road Vernon BC V1H 2A4 SENK’LIP NEWS September 2020 Comprehensive Safety Strategy survey is online The Okanagan Indian Band has launched a strength-based approach Comprehensive Safety Strategy and the first element • Sustainability of programs, services and is a survey for all members, which is available online partnerships. now at https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/6YFZT2H. Specific objectives over the next five years include OKIB recognizes the importance of promoting healing development of a communications strategy to engage and education to our children, youth, and their youth, elders/knowledge keepers, community etc. families who have been impacted by trauma and/or into bringing their voices to this Comprehensive crime. Safety Strategy. We will We invite all Okanagan achieve these goals by: Indian Band members The Comprehensive Safety • Identifying barriers to on and off reserve to Strategy will lay out a clear providing individualized participate in development and community of the Comprehensive path toward greater security solutions Safety Strategy. in community based on • Increasing partnerships OKIB endeavors to develop to strengthen a Comprehensive Safety input from you collaboration and Strategy using a strength- information sharing. based approach, which includes: • Direct services to membership including • Identification of barriers and gaps education, workshops, access to supports that • Provides individualized community solutions help raise public awareness. • Increased partnerships • Development of a safety campaign that will be • Strengthen inter-agency collaboration led by youth. The strategy focuses on: • Sustainability of programs, services, and • Youth violence prevention partnerships that include culture, language • Community mobilization framework and sense of belonging/connection.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Song for Many (2019)
    second song for many (2019) Tim PARKINSON Sample performance for Not Copyright 2019 © Tim Parkinson second song for many (2019) for any number of instrumentalists (ideally at least 5 to 20) The score consists of 75 bars of 6’ each, in sections listed A-O, for Audio Track, Continuo, and Ensemble with Conductor. A Conductor uses a stopwatch to signal each bar. Audio Track - A 1” beep (f5) every 30”, beginning at the second before 0’00”. The beeps may act as an audio cue for each section (except for the central sections F-J where they continue strictly in 30” intervals). This part may be prerecorded audio track, or may be performed live by one person playing an electronic beep (sine tone or other waveform on a keyboard) using a stopwatch to keep strict time. Continuo - Instrument may be any type of keyboard, (e.g. piano/electric keyboard/accordion/reed organ); or 2 keyboards; or treble clef may be keyboard and bass clef a pair of matching instruments (e.g. 2 clarinets/2 bassoons/2 violas/cellos) Treble clef melody plays quietly, legato and continuously from start to finish. Bass clef chords may be held until the next, or there may be rests in between. For both clefs the rhythm is very approximate, imprecise, irregular. Notation given is approximate number of notes per unit. Meandering, hesitating, for itself. The continuo may be positioned separately from the ensemble, to one side, but not offstage. Ensemble - Texts are given to provide rhythms for tapping on instruments (A-E), with stones (K-O), and for whispering.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Risk Patterns of Freshwater Megafauna: a Global Perspective
    Diversity and risk patterns of freshwater megafauna: A global perspective Inaugural-Dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in River Science Submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Freie Universität Berlin By FENGZHI HE 2019 This thesis work was conducted between October 2015 and April 2019, under the supervision of Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), Jun.-Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl (Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen), Dr. Alex Henshaw (Queen Mary University of London) and Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner (Freie Universität Berlin and Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries). The work was carried out at Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany and Queen Mary University of London, UK. 1st Reviewer: Dr. Sonja C. Jähnig 2nd Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner Date of defense: 27.06. 2019 The SMART Joint Doctorate Programme Research for this thesis was conducted with the support of the Erasmus Mundus Programme, within the framework of the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate (EMJD) SMART (Science for MAnagement of Rivers and their Tidal systems). EMJDs aim to foster cooperation between higher education institutions and academic staff in Europe and third countries with a view to creating centres of excellence and providing a highly skilled 21st century workforce enabled to lead social, cultural and economic developments. All EMJDs involve mandatory mobility between the universities in the consortia and lead to the award of recognised joint, double or multiple degrees. The SMART programme represents a collaboration among the University of Trento, Queen Mary University of London and Freie Universität Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration of Sakhalin Taimen (Parahucho Perryi): Evidence of Freshwater Resident Life History Types
    Environ Biol Fish DOI 10.1007/s10641-011-9908-x Migration of Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi): evidence of freshwater resident life history types Christian E. Zimmerman & Peter S. Rand & Michio Fukushima & Sergei F. Zolotukhin Received: 8 December 2010 /Accepted: 10 July 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract Sakhalin taimen (Parahucho perryi) range observed in anadromous salmonids. Two fish from the from the Russian Far East mainland along the Sea of Tumnin River appeared to be recent migrants to Japan coast, and Sakhalin, Kuril, and Hokkaido saltwater and one fish was characterized by an otolith Islands and are considered to primarily be an Sr/Ca transect consistent with marine migration. anadromous species. We used otolith strontium-to- Using these transects as benchmarks, all Koppi River calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) to determine the chronology of taimen were classified as freshwater residents. migration between freshwater and saltwater and These findings suggest more work is needed to identify migratory contingents of taimen collected assess life history variability among locations and from the Koppi River, Russia. In addition, we the role of freshwater productivity in controlling examined taimen from the Sarufutsu River, Japan migratory behavior in taimen. and Tumnin River, Russia that were captured in marine waters. Transects of otolith Sr/Ca for the Keywords Sakhalin taimen . Otolith . Anadromy. Sarufutsu River fish were consistent with patterns Fluvial C. E. Zimmerman (*) Introduction US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99308, USA Species within the genus Hucho and Parahucho are e-mail: [email protected] among the largest and most endangered salmonids in the world (Zolotukhin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: a Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Michael J. Ioannides for the degree of Master of Arts in Applied Anthropology presented on December 7, 2017. Title: Colonization, Statemaking, and Development: A Political Ecology of the Saru River Development Project, Hokkaido, Japan. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bryan D. Tilt Although dam construction has been an integral tool in development initiatives for nearly a century, dams can have significant negative impacts on local residents, particularly those who are permanently displaced from their homes and must be resettled elsewhere. Dams have unique impacts on indigenous peoples. As a result, many dam construction projects become flashpoints for organized resistance among indigenous peoples. This thesis examines a case that exemplifies indigenous resistance to dam construction: the Saru River Development Project in Hokkaido, Japan, involving the Nibutani Dam (completed 1997) and the Biratori Dam (under construction). This project has been famously opposed by indigenous Ainu landholders. Although much has been written about the legal and political significance of the Ainu’s resistance to the Saru River Development Project, information on the project’s impacts on local Ainu residents is scattered across many disparate sources, and no comprehensive English-language account has yet been produced. This thesis seeks to fill this gap in the literature by cataloging the impacts of the Saru River Development Project as comprehensively as possible and synthesizing available facts into a holistic account. This thesis organizes these impacts according to the newly-published Matrix Framework (Kirchherr and Charles 2016), enabling it to be more easily compared with other case studies of dam construction around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Problem? Dioxins in Baltic Salmon and Herring
    Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning ISSN: 1523-908X (Print) 1522-7200 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjoe20 How to improve governance of a complex social- ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring Päivi Haapasaari, Suvi Ignatius, Mia Pihlajamäki, Simo Sarkki, Jouni T. Tuomisto & Alyne Delaney To cite this article: Päivi Haapasaari, Suvi Ignatius, Mia Pihlajamäki, Simo Sarkki, Jouni T. Tuomisto & Alyne Delaney (2019) How to improve governance of a complex social-ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring, Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21:6, 649-661, DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 09 Sep 2019. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Submit your article to this journal Article views: 504 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjoe20 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY & PLANNING 2019, VOL. 21, NO. 6, 649–661 https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661236 How to improve governance of a complex social-ecological problem? Dioxins in Baltic salmon and herring Päivi Haapasaari a,b*, Suvi Ignatiusa*, Mia Pihlajamäki a,c,d*, Simo Sarkki e, Jouni T. Tuomistof and Alyne Delaneyb,g aFisheries and Environmental Management Group (FEM), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme,
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – from the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period
    | 200 Chapter 4: Modern Japan and the World (Part 1) – From the Final Years of the Edo Shogunate to the End of the Meiji Period Section 1 – The encroachment of the Western powers in Asia Topic 47 – Industrial and people's revolutions | 201 What events led to the birth of Europe's modern nations? People's revolutions The one hundred years between the late-seventeenth and late-eighteenth centuries saw the transformation of Europe's political landscape. In Great Britain, the king and the parliament had long squabbled over political and religious issues. When conflict over religious policies intensified in 1688, parliament invited a new king from the Netherlands to take the throne. The new king took power without bloodshed and sent the old king into exile. This event, known as the Glorious Revolution, consolidated the parliamentary system and turned Britain into a constitutional monarchy.1 *1=In a constitutional monarchy, the powers of the monarch are limited by the constitution and representatives chosen by the citizens run the country's government. Great Britain's American colonies increasingly resisted the political repression and heavy taxation imposed by their king, and finally launched an armed rebellion to achieve independence. The rebels released the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and later enacted the Constitution of the United States, establishing a new nation with a political system based on a separation of powers.2 *2=Under a separation of powers, the powers of the government are split into three independent branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. In 1789, an angry mob of Parisian citizens, who groaned under oppressively heavy taxes, stormed the Bastille Prison, an incident that sparked numerous rural and urban revolts throughout France against the king and the aristocracy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, July-August 1998
    I WAS A SEOUL SURVIVOR FIXING THE OIG PREGNANT IN KAZAKSTAN m. Suitable Boy VIKRAM uThe SETH Honorary Consul .OUT OB. AFRICA ESPRIT DE 1SAK CORPS Graham DIWESEN Greene LAWRENCE QURRELL FAR-AWAY PLACES The Summer Fiction Issue www.volvocars.com IT S ESPECIALLY ATTRACTIVE WITH DIPLOMATIC PLATES. SAVE UP TO $4,000 ON A CAR THAT EPITOMIZES TOP-LEVEL SECURITY, THROUGH VOLVO’S DIPLOMATIC SALES PROGRAM. QUALIFIED DIPLOMATS CAN ORDER A NEW U.S. OR FOREIGN MODEL VOLVO AND HAVE IT SHIPPED TO ANY ONE OF EIGHT U.S. PORTS OR 125 DESTINATIONS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. AND SINCE THE GLOBAL SITUATION IS ALWAYS CHANGING YOU CAN EVEN TAKE DELIVERY OF A U.S. MODEL IN EUROPE AND HAVE YOUR CAR SHIPPED FREE, WITHIN 36 MONTHS, TO THE U.S.A. SO CALL FOR A PERSONAL DIPLOMATIC SALES REPRESENTATIVE TODAY. DRIVE SAFELY THE VOLVO OVERSEAS DELIVERY PROGRAM. 1 -800-631-1667 Restrictions apply. Copy of diplomatic credentials must be submitted with vehicle order for approval of eligibility. ©1998 Volvo Cars of North America, Inc. Drive Safely is a trademark of Volvo Cars of North America, Inc. Always remember to wear your seat belt. For car specifications, visit the Volvo Web site. Clements & Company was insuring automobiles overseas when this car was brand new! With over 50 years of experience, Clements Automobile Primary Liability & Company is the one to rely on for your We represent local insurance companies worldwide. automobile insurance needs. At last, a U.S. company Our policies provide a much higher limit of coverage which provides all three areas of automobile insurance than previously available, as well as very competitive overseas! pricing.
    [Show full text]