Exploitation Plan

TERESA – 611153

TERESA SEPTEMBER 2016

D7.3 EXPLOITATION PLAN

Project acronym: TERESA Project full title: Telepresence Reinforcement-Learning Social Agent Grant agreement no.: 611153

Due-Date: December 2016

Delivery: December Lead Partner: MADoPA (MPA) Dissemination Level: PU

Status:

Approved: Version: 1

DOCUMENT INFO

Date and version number Author Comments 05.08.2016 v1 Alexandre Duclos (MADoPA) Hervé Michel (MADoPA)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract pp. 5 Foreword: from Giraff to TERESA pp. 6 1.1 Presentation pp. 6 1.2 Objectives pp. 7 1.3 Methodology pp. 9 SROI pp. 9 TRL pp. 11 2. Regional Study inputs & Giraff product vision pp. 13 2.1 Regional Study within TERESA, a brief overview pp. 13 Location and duration of Giraff experiments pp. 13

2.2 Causes of commercial failure pp. 14

Reliability problems pp. 14 Shortcomings in the needs analysis pp. 14 Price disconnected from the everyday lives of the elderly and the realities of pp. 14 nursing homes Communication through wrong channels pp. 15 Misunderstanding of the "Avatar" pp. 15 Lack of adaptability of the Giraff platform pp. 16

2.3. Statistics (Regional Study) pp. 17

2.3.1 Demographics (Regional Study) pp. 17

Demographic context for the elderly in Europe (Regional Study) pp. 17 Demographic context for the elderly in France (Regional Study) pp. 18 Demographic context for the elderly in Champagne Ardenne (Regional Study) pp. 19

2.3.2 Socio-economics (Regional Study) pp. 21

2.3.3 Robotics market pp. 26

2.4. Main results of the usage evaluation within the Regional Study pp. 31

Usage factors at home and in nursing homes pp. 31

2.5.1. GIRAFF Product vision 1, Telepresence platform pp. 34

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Description GIRAFF Product vision 1, Added values GIRAFF Product vision 1, Target population GIRAFF Product vision 1, End user GIRAFF Product vision 1, TRL GIRAFF Product vision 1, Target price GIRAFF Product vision 1, Comparable GIRAFF Product vision 1, Ecosystem

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GIRAFF Product vision 1, Operator

2.3.2. GIRAFF Product vision 2, Animation through a telepresence platform pp.37

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Description GIRAFF Product vision 2, Added values GIRAFF Product vision 2, Target market GIRAFF Product vision 2, End users GIRAFF Product vision 2, TRL GIRAFF Product vision 2, Target price GIRAFF Product vision 2, Comparable GIRAFF Product vision 2, Ecosystem GIRAFF Product vision 2, Operator

2.3.3 GIRAFF Product vision 3, Evaluation and animation through a pp. 40 telepresence platform

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Description GIRAFF Product vision 3, Added values GIRAFF Product vision 3, Target market GIRAFF Product vision 3, End users GIRAFF Product vision 3, TRL GIRAFF Product vision 3, Target price GIRAFF Product vision 3, Comparable GIRAFF Product vision 3, Ecosystem GIRAFF Product vision 3, Operator

3. TERESA robotic system exploitation plan pp. 42

3.1 TERESA Usage evaluation short overview pp. 42

3.2. Teresa product vision pp. 47

3.2.1 TERESA Product vision 1 pp. 47

TERESA Product vision 1, Added values TERESA Product vision 1, Target market TERESA Product vision 1, End users TERESA Product vision 1, TRL TERESA Product vision 1, Target price TERESA Product vision 1, Comparable TERESA Product vision 1, Ecosystem

3.2.2 TERESA Product vision 2 pp. 49 TERESA Product vision 2, Added values TERESA Product vision 2, Target market TERESA Product vision 2, End users TERESA Product vision 2, TRL

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TERESA Product vision 2, Target price TERESA Product vision 2, Comparable TERESA Product vision 2, Ecosystem

3.2.3. TERESA Product vision 3 pp. 51 TERESA Product vision 3, Added values TERESA Product vision 3, Target market TERESA Product vision 3, End users TERESA Product vision 3, TRL TERESA Product vision 3, Target price TERESA Product vision 3, Comparable TERESA Product vision 3, Ecosystem

3.3. Foresight on animation/gamification functions of the TERESA platform pp. 53

3.4. Distance to market pp. 54

3.5. A shorter path to market for the TERESA product vision 3 pp.55

4. Conclusions pp. 56

5. Appendices pp. 57

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Abstract

This report presents an exploitation plan for the results of the TERESA project. Its starting point is Giraff, the semi-autonomous telepresence platform, as it has been developed and evaluated in the project. From this, it moves on to propose different product visions with a target market, target price, TRL, ecosystem, path to market and distance to market for each product vision (Giraff and TERESA). The report is built around two main parts: - Evaluation of, and an exploitation plan for, the Giraff telepresence platform (based on the TERESA CA Regional Study), without robotic social intelligence, focusing on the elderly and professional and informal caregiver market. - Evaluation of, and an exploitation plan for, the TERESA telepresence platform (realised through the TERESA CA Regional Study and the usage evaluation of the TERESA semi-autonomous platform) including robotic social intelligence.

This report does not consider each of TERESA’s outputs separately. It does not look at the specific added values brought by movement or emotion recognition, body pose behaviour, social behaviour or the commercial value of the data collected during the project (which should eventually become publicly available) separately.

It will mainly consider the merits of combining those innovations and abilities within a telepresence robot, a “social agent” (Telepresence Reinforcement-Learning Social Agent). This combination is the core innovation of this project and corresponds to what has been evaluated with end users. This report is based on three types of material: 1/ results from the economic evaluation of the Giraff platform performed in eight nursing homes and four households during the project and funded by the Regional Authority of Champagne Ardenne in France (TERESA CA), 2/ the usage evaluation performed during the TERESA project from 2014 to 2016, and 3/ statistics and demographics. Ultimately, three levels of service are identified, and developed as product visions, including or not including robotic social intelligence: - Mobile telepresence platform, simple and easily customisable - Mobile telepresence platform used within a service (animation, coaching, prevention) - Mobile telepresence platform used within a service (animation, coaching, prevention) and simultaneously in service co-design and evaluation

In addition to the different analyses and information provided by this report, we would highlight the fact that a short path to market for the TERESA product vision 3 is described at the end of this report, as MADoPA is already using the TERESA system as an animation and evaluation tool with different clients and within different programmes.

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1 Introduction

Foreword

Giraff platform (2015, Troyes, France) TERESA platform with the new shell (2016, Troyes, France)

In this report, one will often read “Giraff platform”, “Teresa platform”, Teresa project, Giraff, etc. This point has to be clarified.

We name TERESA project the FP7 project TERESA, including all the developments (software and hardware) developed and implemented during the project.

We name “Giraff platform” the Giraff product (Giraff mobile telepresence platform) as well as the platform as it was used in the TERESA project before mid-2016 as the basis of the experiments. “Giraff” is the name of the company Giraff Technologies AB and partner in the consortium.

We name TERESA platform the new platform developed by the consortium (new shell, new hardware, new softwares) even if some elements of the Giraff were re-used.

We won’t go futher into detail on this distinction because from the point of view of potential clients and end-users interviewed for the purpose of this report, there are no fundamental differences between the two platforms. They have the same utility, the same functions, the same reliability problems. Consequently, as we consider the exploitation plan of a semi-autonomous mobile telepresence platform, we will see that the exploitation plans of those two platforms are very similar.

1.1 Presentation

“TERESA aims to develop a telepresence robot of unprecedented social intelligence, thereby helping to pave the way for the deployment of robots in settings such as homes, schools, and hospitals that require substantial human interaction. In telepresence systems, a human controller remotely interacts with people by guiding a remotely located robot, allowing the controller to be more physically present than with standard teleconferencing. We will develop a new telepresence system that frees the controller from low-level decisions regarding navigation and body pose in social settings. Instead, TERESA will have the social intelligence to perform these functions automatically. The project’s main result will be a new partially autonomous telepresence system with the capacity to make socially intelligent low-level decisions for the controller”. TERESA DOW, pp. 3.

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What is the economic and commercial value of semi-autonomous navigation? Of robotic mimicking? Of robotic socially intelligent low-level decisions? Of robotic recognition of movements and emotions? To be more precise, what is the economic value of those possibilities when they are combined and integrated into a telepresence platform? We can safely assume that it is this combination that makes the results of TERESA innovative as there are already robust comparable technologies that are based on a single one of those fields of research. For example the PARO robot and EVE-R-I mimic emotions, NAO and EVE-R-I identify emotions, feelings, moods and react to them, and Pepper, Roomba and Hasimo move in a semi-autonomous or totally autonomous way.

In order to identify the TERESA telepresence robot’s value on the market and its path to market, and to evaluate a realistic target price and the added value of "freeing the controller from low-level decisions", two kinds of experiment were designed and performed: 1/ an evaluation of usage of the TERESA robotic system in a controlled environment, with elderly people, on the basis of scenarios, and 2/ a set of experiments in real environments (nursing homes and elderly individuals' homes), with the Giraff platform. This enabled the experimenters to interview all stakeholders -elderly individuals living autonomously at home and their formal and informal caregivers, nurses, nursing home managers, coordinators, families of patients, Regional Authorities - concerned by the potential commercial development of the system. This method provided input for the exploitation plan by way of the direct feedback given by potential clients, and helped to ascertain with them the different added values they might identify in the platform.

Table of experiments Date Population Usages / Environment (interviews/integration) TERESA June 2015 10/8 nursing homes Houses and nursing homes, August 2015 12/4 households free usages

TERESA CA July 2014 76 Scenarios, controlled October 2016 environment in the "Les Arcades" centre for the elderly

1.2 Objectives

“Dissemination and exploitation activities will be performed in strict relation with all the technical activities. In this way, knowledge and awareness of solutions for autonomous robots and human-robot interaction will be promoted. The respective activities will be coordinated by UvA, the project coordinator, working together with GT, our industrial partner, and MPA, representing our end users1”.

Spefic objectives. This report has three main objectives: - Provide a TERESA product vision and propose a path to the market for this product vision. The basis of this TERESA product vision shall be a semi-autonomous platform and involve human-robot interaction. - For this product vision, identify at least three levels of service, corresponding to three levels of price.

1 Objective defined in the TERESA DOW, p 7.

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- For each product vision, we shall identify : . A target market and a target client . The added values of the TERESA product for the target client . A target price . TRL and time to the market . An ecosystem . A comparable . An end user

Stakeholders. The experiments and the interviews providing input for this exploitation plan include not only end users but also institutions that may buy the TERESA technology and so can be considered as clients. We have, through the Regional Study in Champagne Ardenne and in the usage evaluation, been interviewing different potential stakeholders concerned by the potential deployment of a TERESA Technology.

Those stakeholders can be classified as follows:

END USERS

-Elderly people living autonomously at home

-Their families -Their friends -Their neighbours -Their professional caregivers

-Elderly people living in nursing homes

-Their families -Their professional caregivers

-Professional caregivers in nursing homes -Their patients -Patients’ families

POTENTIAL CLIENTS

- Regional Authority of Champagne Ardenne, France, (involved in the Regional Study)

- Private nursing homes (involved in the Regional Study)

- Public nursing homes (involved in the Regional Study)

- A mutual insurance company, AG2R, (involved in the Regional Study)

- French Red Cross (involved in the Regional Study)

- Centre for the elderly, Les Arcades, Troyes, France (involved in TERESA usage evaluations)

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Although we have used experts’ models and tools to describe the current and future robotics market, we chose to focus on our direct access to market by means of experiments and interviews with potential clients and end users. This choice can be justified by the fact that firstly, the market for socially intelligent telepresence robots does not exist at the current time - it is still an offer looking for its demand - and secondly, experts in the field tend also to be businessmen interested in this future market, which therefore could a create conflict of interest. As a last point, the industrial partner who initially provided the telepresence system (Giraff) went bankrupt, providing evidence that its economic model was not efficient and needed to be re-designed.

1.3 Methodology

“In all cases, the user evaluations in this project will be essential in directing the exploitation by indicating the preference of primary users and secondary user organisation with respect to models of commercialization2.”

From usage evaluation to explotation plan. The methodology used in this report is co- building of technologies, with scientific partners, an industrial partner, clients and end users. The aim is to evaluate an existing technology but above all what can be done with the technologies and innovations it brings. The usage evaluation provides input for this report but we also tested (and are testing) Giraff and TERESA (hardware and software) technologies in real-life contexts with potential clients, providing and co-creating services with those potential clients. The structure of this evaluation is in line with the methodology developed for the FP7 project ACCOMPANY, in collaboration with Robert Picard (CGIET, French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry). This methodology developed for the economic evaluation of a care-robot (Care-O-Bot 3 used in ACCOMPANY) by MADoPA, Robert Picard and Farsheed Amirabdollahian provides us with a basic structure and guidelines for this exploitation plan. Thus, we will first analyze the market and then provide different product visions, each associated with an added value, a client, an ecosystem, a target price (…).

In order to identify those product visions and those different levels, we used four types of material: - Results of the usage evaluation (within TERESA or from the Regional Study, that is to say in a controlled environment, using robotic abilities, or in a real-life environment, using the Giraff platform without robotic abilities) - Demographics and economics3 - Comparables - Experts’ interviews

The socio-anthropological methodology mainly used by MADoPA experimenters for usage evaluation is described in the WP6 deliverables (D6.4) 4

Social Return On Investment. In line with the economic evaluation and the exploitation

2 TERESA DOW, pp.25 3 Mostly from "Ageing report 2015 ", EC, and from INSEE. 4 Cf. “WP 6 T6.4: FINAL REPORT: REPORT ON FINAL SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND USAGE AND USABILITY OF THE TELEPRESENCE ROBOT FOR THE ELDERLY”

D7. 3 Exploitation plan-MADoPA-v1.0 Page 9 of 68 TERESA – 611153 plan of the ACCOMPANY project (FP7, 2011-2014), we use the SROI approach (Social Return On Investment) to identify and characterise all non-financial added values, especially when the robot is used in real social contexts, with patients or elderly people and professional and informal caregivers, that is to say within relationships. Most often, in such situations, the main identified or perceived benefits will be relational, and not financial. This methodology allows us to measure the added value generated not only within a specific ecosystem but also for each and every stakeholder of the technology and its associated services, and is especially recommended for complex processes involving several different clients’ voices and multiple added values. The methodology considers social return on investment (SROI), not just return on investment (ROI), and is underpinned by seven main principles5 that we applied in our research (usage evaluation and economic evaluation).

1/ “Involve all the stakeholders”. We involved within the usage evaluation (in the Regional Study) elderly people living independently, elderly people in nursing homes, their families, their neighbours, professional caregivers, a mutual insurance company, nursing home managers, TERESA project partners, the industrial provider of the Giraff platform and even transporters to help us set up the experiment on different sites in Champagne Ardennes.

2/ “Understand what is changing for all the stakeholders”. The Regional Study organised by MADoPA focused on this point by leaving the telepresence platform for at least one month in elderly individuals' homes and up to 2.5 months in nursing homes.

3/ “Identify added values for all the stakeholders”, that is to say what will motivate and inform their choices and their actions regarding the platform.

4/ “Only consider what is real and tangible” (reliability). This is another aspect of the usage evaluation in real-life conditions rather than in a controlled environment or in a focus group. The Regional Study tested the Giraff in the context of daily life, challenging its reliability in real-life conditions.

5/ “Not overestimate the product”. We needed to find out what the added values of the platform are from real usage, not from the Giraff company's marketing talk. For instance, our evaluation clearly demonstrates that this platform is of no use (or at least of little use) in preventing isolation or reducing loneliness. Indeed, having a new communication tool does not improve the number or the quality of communications; what elderly people lack is people to communicate with, not communication tools.

6/ “To be transparent”. MADoPA’s methodology for the usage evaluation within TERESA or in the Regional Study is available and has been presented and discussed with the stakeholders in the experiments.

7/ “Double check all the results with independent stakeholders”. All of the results have been double-checked in different fieldwork, with partners not affected by any conflict of interest.

This approach enabled us to identify multiple added values for the different users (and different clients): playful object, avatar, "totemic" function, tool optimising caregivers’ time,

5 Cf. A Guide to Social Return on Investment, Society Media (2009)

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Technology Readiness Level. MADoPA currently uses the TRL evaluation in projects funded by EIT Health (Active Hands, CoA, Therapy Lens, HOOP) and in FP7 programs (ACCOMPANY, TERESA) in a particular way. In addition to evaluating a technology's readiness, we measure its level of acceptability and distance to the market. A product reaching TRL 9 in experimental conditions but that is not adapted to the market or to possible usage in a real-life context will most often be re-built or re-designed and as such, will no longer be TRL 9 but more likely TRL 3 (see figure 1 below). In this report, we use the TRL version provided by the MAR 2015.

MAR Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). The titles for each TRL level are taken from the definitions in agreed Horizon 2020.However these titles are not obviously applicable to the robotics domain and so the following represent an expansion of terminology and are followed by a series of basic examples to clarify the intent at each level.

Figure 1, MADoPA use of TRL within economic evaluation

Level 1 - Basic Principles Observed Idea: Basic technology research.

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Document elaborated which describes a product/feature idea and/or potential market requirement. Functional description, customer benefit, ideas for realisation.

Level 2 - Technology Concept Formulated Concept Formation: Basic technology research. Proof of principle developments including algorithm development and simulations. Concept formulated with details on potential development risks, including coarse resource planning.

Level 3 - Experimental Proof of Concept Experimental Development: Technology development. Realisation of parts of the Concept to visualise the product/feature idea. proof of concepts, first components and interfaces developed. lab experiments carried out; future technical scope of work identified.

Level 4 - Technology Validated in Laboratory Experiment: Technology development. Testing of system or major sub-systems; validation against established benchmarks. Testing of internal and external inter-connectivity. Initial normative testing with trained users possible.

Level 5 - Technology Validated in Relevant Environment Lab prototype: Internal technology demonstration. Main functionality of product / feature idea can be demonstrated. Major risks for the realisation of a future product / features have been documented as part of the description of the Demonstrator / realisation.

Level 6 - Technology Demonstrated in Relevant Environment Functional model/First Field Trials: External technology demonstration. Main functionality of a of product / feature idea is realised at a degree that selected customers can carry out tests, when accompanied by developers.

Level 7 - System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment Engineering Prototype. Development of prototypes with final technology sub-systems or close analogues in a close to complete form factor. All identified functionality is capable of being demonstrated. Customer verification trials (independent of developer support) possible.

Level 8 - System Complete and Qualified Production Prototype. Development of prototypes with final functionality and form factor. Sufficient for end user testing in limited launch markets. Initial batch production of the products.

Level 9 - Actual System Proven in Operational Environment Series production and sales.

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2. Regional Study inputs & Giraff product vision

2.1 Regional Study within TERESA, a brief overview

Objectives. A Regional Study was set up by MADoPA so that the "robots" could be used in-between TERESA project sessions. The study was funded by the Champagne Ardenne Regional Authority and took place during 2015. Its main goal was to test the telepresence platform Giraff in real social contexts, in order to identify, at home or in nursing homes, its added values and the services that might be offered through this technology, as well as to ask potential clients how much money they would spend on such services and such technology. The aim of the Regional Authority was to see if it was worth investing in telepresence technologies, if such technologies could be used to reduce the distance between elderly people and their friends, family and caregivers, and if they could generate time saving benefits for caregivers. During the experiments, socio-anthropological semi- conductive interviews were led by MADoPA’s experts with all end users and potential clients.

Location and duration of Giraff experiments: -Saint Dizier: 1 household (1 month) -Epernay: 1 household (1 month) -Reims: 1 household with the French Red Cross (2 weeks), 2 nursing homes (1 month) -Troyes: 1 household (1 day), 1 nursing home (1 month) -Saint Germainmont: 1 nursing home (2.5 months) -Romilly: 1 nursing home (3 weeks) -Givet: 1 nursing home run by the French Red Cross (1 week) -Carignan: 1 nursing home run by the French Red Cross (1 day) -Monthermé: 1 nursing home run by the French Red Cross (1 day)

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Figure 2, Region Champagne Ardenne in France, Giraff experiments in 2015

2.2 Causes of commercial failure

Giraff went into bankruptcy in December 2015 and it is important to understand why before we provide any economic evaluation of, or product vision for, an innovative telepresence platform. Even if we do not consider all the reasons for this bankruptcy, we can safely assume that Giraff failed to find its business model and its clients. When we were evaluating the Giraff, we were told by the CEO, Stephen Von Rump (interviewed as an expert for the economic evaluation of the Care-O-Bot 3 robot in the FP7 Accompany project) that approximately 50 Giraff6 had been sold. Why so few? The usage evaluation in real social contexts provides us with robust answers to this question.

Reliability problems

The Giraff platform obviously suffers from a lack of reliability (interruptions to connection, software bugs, and hardware dysfunctions). This was repeatedly confirmed by the usage evaluation in the TERESA project7. In both households and nursing homes, those dysfunctions were a source of laughter with the elderly people and professional caregivers, and an opportunity to engage them in the search for a solution. The fun had tinkering with the system was directly related to the experimental conditions and the fact that there were engineers present who were able to sort out the problems. However, and more importantly, this lack of reliability - perceived or confirmed by experience - makes it impossible to use the Giraff in a medical environment or in medical use at home, and yet the promotional videos used by Giraff suggest just such medical use (they show the Giraff being used by a nurse calling to see an elderly lady at home). This indicates a gap between promise and actual reality that is very disappointing for potential clients.

Shortcomings in the needs analysis

Needs addressed explicitly by the Giraff platform were limited to medical use, within a care relationship. No gamification or fun uses were considered. It was presented as a "black box" which the user could not adapt or personalise. In households as well as in nursing homes, the Giraff was mostly used for activities and events (animation) and consequently, demand for a fun platform and personalisation was clearly expressed by the different users and potential clients.

Price disconnected from the everyday lives of the elderly and the reality of nursing homes

In the interview conducted with Giraff's CEO for the FP7 ACCOMPANY project, Stephen

6 The company was founded in 2008; Stephen Von Rump was co-founder. . 7 During the fourteen experiments performed in the TERESA project for the usage evaluation in the Arcades Centre in Troyes, the same problems were faced: . three were performed without technical problems. . six were eventually performed, with technical problems fixed during the experiment . five sessions were cancelled due to technical problems

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Von Rump explains his understanding of the market for robotics at home as being to maintain sustainable living at home for the elderly. According to him, any tool that allows sustainable living at home generates a saving of 60,000 euros per year (average cost of a one-year stay in a nursing home in Europe). Consequently, any device providing this service is profitable to the client if it costs less than 60,000 euros per year.

However, it remains unclear how a Giraff can prevent an elderly person from being "put" into a nursing home. According to the elderly people interviewed during this Regional Study, the cost of the Giraff (approximately 6000 euros) was out of touch with the reality of their budgets and the service delivered. In most of the nursing homes, where the annual budget for activities and events (animation) is between 1600 euros and 3000 euros, the professional caregivers and management thought the same.

According to all potential clients and end users interviewed in the Regional Study, considering the service delivered, the Giraff should not cost more than a mobile phone package or more than a computer purchase (§2.3.).

The end-user is not clearly identified: who uses the technology-service, the person who calls and guides the Giraff or the person who receives the call and hosts the Giraff?

Last but not least, the Giraff faces competition from cheaper and more reliable comparables (the Awabot platform costs 2000 euros).

Awabot, 2000 euros Giraff, 6000 euros

Communication through inappropriate channels

We were surprised, during the experiments, to realise that a number of elderly people and professional caregivers had heard of the Giraff. They had learned about it from websites or TV documentaries. However, the information had not come from people they would trust (e.g. nursing home managers, mutual insurance company management, public authorities, doctors, nurses).

Misunderstanding of the "Avatar"

The vision of the Giraff company was that Giraff was an avatar, a representation of the person calling. The usage evaluation proved this statement inaccurate in most cases. The person calling was perceived in the usual way by the person receiving the call; at the same

D7. 3 Exploitation plan-MADoPA-v1.0 Page 15 of 68 TERESA – 611153 time, in most cases the Giraff had an avatar and the user would give it a name, a personality, feelings.

Lack of adaptability of the Giraff platform

If we consider the "Giraff platform" product, it was a "black box". End users were neither allowed nor able to change anything in the software or hardware. Yet, personalisation and DIY seemed to be important sources of pleasure for the End Users.

To sum up, it can be said that the Regional Study teaches us that Giraff brought to the market a product based on a product vision disconnected from the reality of potential uses, that was not completely reliable, inflexible, and over-expensive, as a result of its poor knowledge of its real markets.

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2.3. Statistics (Regional Study)

In order to perform an economic evaluation of the Giraff platform within the Regional Study, we have analysed the socioeconomical context through satitstics and demographics, and some elements of the robotic market.

2.3.1 Demographics (Regional Study)

Demographic context for the elderly in Europe (Regional Study)

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Demographic context for the elderly in France (Regional Study)

Although the European Commission is fairly optimistic about GDP growth and lower unemployment in France, looking ahead to 2060 (unemployment falling from 10% to 7.4% and GDP growth up from 1% to 1.8%), the "Ageing report" indicates a doubling of the proportion of very elderly people (80 years and older) from 5.7% to 10% of the total population. In this respect, France is very close to the European average. In France, the increase is to be related to the increase in life expectancy between 2013 and 2060: + 6.6 years for men (78.6-85.2), + 5.1 years for women (85-90).

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Demographic context for the elderly in Champagne Ardenne (Regional Study)

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These statistics provided by the INSEE (French National Institute for Statistics and Economics Studies) allow us to make three simple observations and help us to understand the situation in Champagne Ardenne in relation to the situation in Europe.

1/The Champagne Ardenne region is near the national and European averages for the proportion of elderly people in its total population, while some French regions are “older”: +60y=24% of total population in Champagne Ardenne +60y=23.4% of total population in France +60y=30.4% of total population in Limousin +60y=28.1% of total population in Auvergne +65y=18.4% of total population in Europe

2/ Demographic changes in the elderly population follow the same trend at regional, national and European scales and show that the pace of population ageing is accelerating.

3/ This acceleration of population ageing seems to be accurate – for the next 15 years.

This means that if we look solely at aging and the elderly population as they stand today, the regional situation is not significantly different from the national and European situations. However, there are two other factors that are going to create a difference. These are net migration and the birth rate, which seem to indicate that the region is going to face not only a demographic decline, but also the aging of its population. These are the medium-term challenges facing some of the clie²nts interviewed for the Regional Study, including the Regional Authority, the Regional Health Authority, mutual insurance companies and nursing homes. We can therefore safely assume that over the short and medium terms, the region is going to need to address the impacts of demographic decline, i.e. fewer people living in the region and fewer workers (professional caregivers but also informal caregivers), but more elderly people to take care of.

This can be seen as an opportunity for the development of a Giraff-like technology in the region, considering the fact that it should bring time saving benefits and increase caregivers’ capacity for action.

2.3.2 Socio-economics (Regional Study)

Statistics provided by INSEE are, at first glance, quite counterintuitive. They show that the elderly population is by far the less exposed to poverty (see Living Standards Table below), in France as a whole and in the Champagne Ardenne region. It seems that this trend will become more pronounced in the coming years (see Living Standards Table below). The elderly population is clearly segmented into two groups:

Group 1: young elderly (60/74), richer than the total population Group 2: older elderly (74 and over) poorer than the total population

Clear differences can also be seen between the departments within the region. Therefore, even though the European, national and regional scales seem to form a uniform environment, at the local level there is nothing like a standard market.

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Living Standards Table

Poverty rate, by age, France and Champagne Ardenne, 2011

Therefore, our assessment is that the target market in the different parts of the region should be the young elderly. It is also very important to note that in the Champagne Ardenne region, the poorer elderly population lives in town centres, and the richer in suburbs and small villages. The target market should be the young elderly (60/74) living in suburban environments or in the countryside.

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Rural areas relatively spared by major poverty

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If we consider median income, the less prosperous members of the population live in the centre of medium-sized cities (16,770 euros per year), while those on a higher income are to be found in the suburbs of big cities (20,920 euros per year). Isolated communities are in line with the average but the richer 10% of the population living in those small isolated communities are wealthier than the richer 10% in other environments (suburbs, cities). To complete this overview, we should also look at the distribution of social services at home in the Region.

The offer of care and cure services at home differs both in quality and in quantity from one part of the region to another. As a result, we have to take into account a heterogeneous population, with heterogeneous economic circumstances and that has access to greatly heterogeneous levels of service for sustainable living at home.

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To sum up, this regional context shows: - A decrease in population density - An ageing population - Young elderly with higher incomes - Population living in isolated areas having the higher incomes - Very heterogeneous access to health and social services

This socio-demographic context could be seen as an ideal context and a target market for a mobile telepresence platform targeting young and isolated young elderly. This hypothesis would mean that elderly people should be considered as the client. Population aging and the decrease in population density (and consequently in the number of workers) might also suggest that professional caregivers would appreciate being able to use a telepresence system generating time saving benefits.

We did not use any data concerning the isolation of individuals or any epidemiological data related to autonomy and frailty, as the usage evaluations of the Giraff and of the TERESA platform clearly assess both these points: - The acceptability and attractiveness of the robot is a decreasing function of the density of the social network. The more social relationships a person has, the more he or she will use the platform; conversely, the more a person is isolated, the less he or she will use it. - It is not relevant to associate the Giraff with any medical use, or, hence, to link it to epidemiological data.

2.3.3 Robotics market

In evaluating the Giraff platform, we had to be very careful about how we collected and used data concerning the robotics market, for several reasons:

- The Giraff telepresence platform provided by Giraff technologies AB is not a robot. It is totally remote-controled. As it was proposed on the market when the Regional Study started, it was not even semi-autonomous, as the TERESA could be.

- The main source of data pertaining to the robotics market is the MAR 2015. This report mainly considers robots used in industry, which neither Giraff nor the TERESA platform are. We required data relevant to telepresence platforms or to robots used in the home or in institutions, not in industry. Consequently, the MAR was not an appropriate source of information for our task.

- Much of the data available about the robotics market is very forward-looking and based on forecasts that are hard to check against facts, and is provided by players who are also stakeholders. Bearing this in mind, we used data that seemed realistic and was provided by a neutral player, namely the PIPAME (a department of the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry).

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The PIPAME suggests a three-way partitioning of the robotics market that can be also found in other classifications, including the guidelines for the FP7 and H2020 calls for projects: - Care-robot - Monitoring system - Robot companion

This partitioning helped us to identify possible areas of development for the Giraff. Compared with other monitoring systems, the Giraff is unreliable, limited and expensive so loses its relevance as a product. As a pure monitoring system, it offers no added value compared with existing systems using cameras, drones, etc.

As a care-robot, the Giraff offers no added-value for users as it is not autonomous, it cannot perform any tasks and is not reliable enough for medical use (drug delivery, monitoring, raising the alarm, etc.).

Consequently, we have no choice but to identify Giraff’s market as being the companion robots market, which according to the PIPAME, means robots that simplify everyday life in a pleasant and fun way. This market includes such robots as small devices that perform domestic tasks (in blue in the diagram below) like robotic vacuum cleaners and entertainment robots (in orange in the diagram below) (see Appendix 2, Comparable robots, services and products).

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This diagram illustrates the professional robotics market. Looking at the "Mobile platform in general use" and "Public relation robots and joy rides" items, it can be seen that they are much less developed than the "Defence applications", "Fields robotics" and "Medical robotics" items.

The numbers shown by the slides 15 are a somehow obsolet (and were very optimistic for the robotic market in 2015) but what is very interesting for us is that the main statement of the slide: “La chaîne de valeur est classique mais pas tout à fait prête –the value chain is classical but not completely ready-“could have been provided by the evaluation of TERESA program. What is not read completely ready is the path to the market for a device associating the different outputs of the program (movement and emotions recognition, body-pose, social intelligent behaviors, hardware). The lack of a clear model associating the differents parts makes it difficult to identify a clear product-vision and to develop a clear business-model.

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The PIPAME concludes, for the "Robot companion" market segment helping to maintain sustainable living at home for the elderly that “the value chain is traditional but not quite ready”. This statement seems to correspond to Giraff's bankruptcy in 2015. The input from the PIPAME gives us an easy way of identifying the market segment for the Giraff and TERESA platforms. It does not however inform us about the added value of semi- autonomous navigation, robotic mimicking, robotic socially intelligent low-level decisions or of the recognition of movements and emotions as robotic abilities. The usage evaluation of the Giraff platform during the Regional Study did not give us any clearer information on those specific points. Nonetheless, the added values identified by end users of the Giraff during the Regional Study and described in the next chapter give us a clear warning: low-level decisions are a source of pleasure for users. They liked to remote control the platform and play with it, and some families even made up games with random driving and zigzags. Consequently, if a product vision is to be considered, offering more than just the “free the user from low-level decisions” aspect and searching how, through gamification and other interactions, pleasure can be found, will be crucial.

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2.4. Main results of the usage evaluation within the Regional Study

This chapter offers a brief overview of the usage evaluation performed during the Regional Study, with the Giraff platform in 2015, in eight nursing homes and four households. Complete results are available on demand in French (as MADoPA has delivered an economic evaluation report and a usage evaluation report to the Regional Authority of Champagne Ardenne).

Usage factors at home and in nursing homes

- Intensity and diversity of usage at home are a decreasing function of isolation. The more isolated an individual is, the less he or she will use it.

- Intensity and diversity of usage at home are an increasing function of social integration. The more integrated in a dense social network an individual is, the more he or she will use the Giraff platform.

- Intensity and diversity of usage in nursing homes are an increasing function of the decision-making latitude given to professional caregivers, to residents and to families. The more decision-making latitude each player has, the more the Giraff will be used, and used in different ways. Conversely, if no decision-making latitude is offered, less or no usage will be observed.

- The location of a nursing home has no impact on the number or diversity of usage.

- The Giraff telepresence system is acceptable and adaptable, at home and in nursing homes. Adaptability seems to be a crucial condition for its acceptability and its merit in the eyes of end users.

- The lack of reliability excludes medical uses and any use in a medical environment.

- Telepresence offers a flexible but not a reliable tool for addressing needs for activities and games for the elderly, at home or in nursing homes.

- The mobile telepresence platform Giraff satisfactorily addresses a need for a remote physical presence for formal and informal caregivers both at home and in nursing homes, delivering both a playful dimension and unintimidating communication.

- The physical presence of the Giraff platform offers a specific value: it can be touched and stroked. It can be used as a toy, to perform actions directly on objects (pushing a chair, chase a bird on the terrace, look for something in the house) and in some cases, to “dance”.

- The services offered by the Giraff platform (or by the "robot" as the users would call it during the regional experiment) and not offered by other means of telepresence (computers, smartphones) are: physical presence, mobility, autonomy of action. Those specific features are perceived as usable in a playful way to increase the number of communications with family and friends or in a way that would provide pleasant feelings (reinsurance, being cared for, sharing feelings with “someone”). According to end users at

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-Whether used in the home or in nursing homes, the "caller" has to be equipped with the telepresence platform. Providing a telepresence platform is not enough to generate greater communication. Elderly people included in the Regional Study did not tend to suffer from a lack of technical means to communicate with others. They simply didn't have many or any “callers” or good reasons to make and receive calls. “Callers” might be a service, a call centre, an easy link to social services, a coach, or other elderly people. There is an added value in providing “callers” with the device. In the scheme below, Mme E and Mme R are isolated, Mme B and Mme M have a strong social network, Mme A used to have a strong social network but is loosing it.

Slide from the VAB presentation in Troyes (21 Oct. 2016)

-In nursing homes, the work organisation has a direct impact on the frequency and variety of usage. (N1 to N5 are levels of decision-making latitude, designed for the usage evaluation report for the Regional Authority of Champagne Ardenne).

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Slide from the TERESA VAB presentation in Troyes (21 Oct. 2016)

- In nursing homes as in households, we were able to observe that the Giraff was perceived as a hybrid thing-person arousing empathy and being given different nicknames (Nestor, Nono, Alexandre, Butagaz, Mr Robot). The fact of this hybrid presence would cause unusual interactions that were much appreciated by the residents and the professional caregivers in nursing homes. Indeed, in an environment ruled by routine and clinical protocols, the presence of something that was not easily classified and that broke with routine was a way to renew relationships and give a fresh view of situations, creating unusual reactions and out-of-the-ordinary relationships. This opens up opportunities for structures like MADoPA in conducting evaluations of such institutions using this technology, considering it both as an animation tool and an evaluation tool. Such evaluations were carried out during the Regional Study and could be performed again (cf. GIRAFF product vision, TERESA product vision and Conclusion).

At this point, we already have robust evidence that the target client base for a Giraff platform should be elderly autonomous people living in suburban environments who have a strong social network, and players in nursing homes where a high level of decision-making latitude us offered to all stakeholders. The platform could be used as a telepresence platform, a tool for activities and events (animation) and a tool for evaluation in institutions. These points will be explored further in the next chapter describing the Giraff product visions.

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2.5. Giraff product-vision

Product Descritpion TRL Price Vision Giraff Telepresence platform 7 At home: 300 euros > 500 euros Product Vision 1 In nursing homes: 4000<>6000 euros

Giraff Telepresence 7 At home: 30 euros per month. Product platform+animation Vision 2 service In nursing home: 6000 euros

Giraff Telepresence 7 4000 <> 6000 euros. Product platform+animation Vision 3 service+evaluation tool

2.5.1. GIRAFF Product vision 1, Telepresence platform

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Description of the Product vision

This first product vision consists of the Giraff platform used in the Regional Study and part of the usage evaluation in the TERESA program, only slightly modified to make it reliable and adaptable.

Said adaptability mainly concerns the availability on the platform of a set of applications (karaoke, games, crosswords, mobile TV, mobile radio, navigation games for the visitor- driver).

The interaction target should be able to make and receive calls, and it should be possible for the robot to be guided by the interaction target or the visitor inside or outside an apartment or in a nursing home. An installer should accompany each installation to resolve connectivity issues from the outset.

The Giraff should also be customisable (colour of the platform, accessories, "clothing", name or nickname of the "Mr Robot").

The platform should be simple enough to be used by anyone without any qualifications, requirements or training (like a smartphone or a tablet).

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Added values

-Mobile telepresence -Gamification of the communication tool through apps -Physical presence of the "caller" or of the avatar at home or in a nursing home -"Totem" function: the Giraff symbolises, represents the care relationship at home -Simplified access to free calls

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GIRAFF Product vision 1, Target population

Elderly people living autonomously at home, with a focus on people living in suburban environments and who have a strong social network; people living and working in nursing homes.

GIRAFF Product vision 1, End users

At home: the elderly individual, professional and informal caregivers willing to download the Giraff software and to interact through the platform.

In nursing homes: professional caregivers, residents, families

GIRAFF Product vision 1, TRL

TRL 7: System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment. The platform (software and hardware) should be re-designed to make it reliable, adaptable and customisable.

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Target price

The target price is based on interviews performed during the Regional Study

At home: 300 euros > 500 euros

In nursing homes: 4000<>6000 euros

The Giraff was tested in eight nursing homes. For five of them, the budget devoted to events and activities (animation) is so limited that no acquisition can be considered. For three of them run by the French Red Cross, the actual price of the platform (4000<>6000 euros) was acceptable.

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Comparable

Awabot

Cost: 2000 euros Awabot is a telepresence platform similar to the Giraff platform (the only difference is that

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Awabot is not height-adjustable). Compared with the GIRAFF product vision 1, it does not offer customisation or gamification.

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Ecosystem

The modem represents both the technical device at home or in the nursing home and also the Internet Service Provider.

GIRAFF Product vision 1, Operator

At home: elderly individuals, families and relatives, professional caregivers, installer and/or after sale service.

In nursing homes: residents and their families, professional caregivers, installer and/or after sale service.

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2.5.2. GIRAFF Product vision 2, Animation through a telepresence platform

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Description of the service

The basis is the existing Giraff platform, re-designed to be adaptable, flexible, customisable, and last but not least, reliable. It is installed and set up by an installer who will resolve any connectivity issues at home or in nursing homes. An after sale service is provided to ensure the adaptability and the reliability of the platform.

This basis is the Giraff telepresence platform used to deliver activities and events (animation) to elderly people living autonomously at home and in nursing homes. The product can be described as follows: animation provided through a Giraff telepresence platform. Examples of how the platform might animate elderly individuals' lives include such things as coaching for gentle keep fit, prevention, discussions, delivery of information, choir singing, celebration of mass (this has been experimented successfully in a nursing home in Reims), ergotherapist appointments, etc.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Added values

-Mobile telepresence -Reducing distance from animation (i.e. from activities and events) -Gamification of the communication tool through apps -Physical presence of the "caller" or of the avatar at home or in a nursing home -"Totem" function: the Giraff symbolises, represents the care relationship at home -Simplified access to free calls -Ability to animate elderly individuals' lives remotely (coaching, training, prevention, health promotion, talks, appointments with psychologists, ergotherapists, etc.) - Time and money saving benefits (no travel costs for the activity/event provider). -Increased adaptability of the platform thanks to the skills and the (tele)presence of the activity/event provider.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Target market

Target market: - At home: middle-class and upper-class elderly people, or the beneficiaries of mutual insurance companies willing to pay for the Giraff. - In nursing homes: private nursing homes able to fund such a device from their animation budget.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, End users

-Elderly individuals living autonomously at home and who have an intense social network

-Their families -Their friends -Their neighbours -Their professional caregivers

-Elderly individuals living in nursing homes

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-Their families -Their professional caregivers

-Professional caregivers in nursing homes -Their patients -Patients’ families

GIRAFF Product vision 2, TRL

TRL 7: System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment. The platform (software and hardware) should be re-designed to be reliable, adaptable, customisable. Animation should be co-designed via a living lab approach with elderly people and caregivers, at home and in nursing homes.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Target price

At home: 30 euros per month.

As long as a service is provided, the interviewed people estimated that they could spend 30 euros per month (including the device and the service).

In nursing home: 6000 euros

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Comparable

Paro: 6697 euros

Paro is a robotic device design to deliver animation in nursing homes, in order to reduce stress in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, who are restless or apathetic.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Ecosystem

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The modem represents both the technical device at home or in the nursing home and also the Internet Service Provider.

GIRAFF Product vision 2, Operators

At home: elderly individuals, families, professional and informal caregivers, and the activity/event service providers.

In nursing homes: elderly individuals, families, professional and informal caregivers, and activity/event service providers.

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2.5.3 GIRAFF Product vision 3, Telepresence animation and evaluation tool

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Description of the service

This basis is the Giraff telepresence platform used to perform evaluations in nursing homes and to deliver activities and events (animation) to elderly people in nursing homes. The product can be described as follows: during evaluation processes in residences or in nursing homes, a living lab or an expert centre uses the Giraff to observe, to interview and to evaluate the level of decision-making latitude and the work organisation.

At home, the Giraff could be used by social services to evaluate the needs of an elderly individual.

At home as in nursing homes, the Giraff Product vision 3 could also be used to animate elderly individuals' lives, for example by delivering coaching for gentle keep fit, prevention, discussions, delivery of information, choir singing, celebration of mass (this has been experimented successfully in a nursing home in Reims), ergotherapist appointments, etc.

The evaluation structure owns the Giraff product vision 3.

This product vision was experimented successfully in eight nursing homes during the Regional Study.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, added values

-Mobile telepresence -Reducing distance from animation (i.e. from activities and events) -Gamification of the communication tool through apps -Physical presence of the "caller" or of the avatar at home or in a nursing home -"Totem" function: the Giraff symbolises, represents the care relationship at home -Simplified access to free calls -Ability to animate elderly individuals' lives remotely (coaching, training, prevention, health promotion, talks, appointments with psychologists, ergotherapists, etc.) -Time and money saving benefits (no travel costs for the activity/event provider and evaluators). -Increased adaptability of the platform thanks to the skills and the (tele)presence of the evaluator.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Target market

Living labs, expert centres, services or units devoted to evaluation.

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GIRAFF Product vision 3, End-user

Living labs, expert centres, services or units devoted to evaluation in pension funds or in (mutual) insurance companies.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, TRL

TRL 7: System Prototype Demonstration in Operational Environment

The platform (software and hardware) should be re-designed to be reliable, adaptable, customisable. Animation should be co-designed via a living lab approach with elderly people and caregivers, at home and in nursing homes. The evaluation methodology is ready to use and has been tested through the Regional Study.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, price

4000 <> 6000 euros.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Comparable

No comparable for the moment

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Ecosystem

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The modem represents both the technical device at home or in the nursing home and also the Internet Service Provider.

GIRAFF Product vision 3, Operator

-Mostly evaluators -Occasionally, elderly individuals, families, professional caregivers

Exploitation of the Giraff Product visions has been undermined by the bankruptcy of the Giraff company. However, the Giraff technology has many comparables (like the Awabot) and these product visions can easily be developed on an alternative technological basis.

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3 TERESA robotic system exploitation plan

3.1 TERESA Usage Evaluation - A short overview

Throughout the duration of the TERESA project, MADoPA conducted usage evaluations of he platform used by the TERESA consortium (Giraff at first and then a new platform). A short overview of this work and of its results is presented here. These evaluations were carried out with a platform integrating all TERESA innovations, which meant we were able to use their results to evaluate the TERESA platform for this exploitation plan and to design TERESA product visions. Five usage evaluation sessions were held in a centre for the elderly in Troyes (Les Arcades), with autonomous elderly people (76 participants), in controlled environments.

These evaluations provided some results about the acceptability and the prospective usage of the TERESA platform. For further information, see contribution of MADoPA in final report.

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Slide from WP6 Usage evaluation8

The slide above describes foreseeable usages of the TERESA semi-autonomous telepresence platform. The results providing input for this slide enabled us to identify two main prospectives usages for elderly individuals: 1/ Animation and development of self- worth for people with a strong social network, living at home autonomously, loving to be helped or to be the centre of their family; 2/ Quest for privacy of elderly individuals living at home autonomously.

8 WP 6 T6.4: FINAL REPORT: REPORT ON FINAL SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND USAGE AND USABILITY OF THE TELEPRESENCE ROBOT FOR THE ELDERLY

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MAIN RESULTS OF THE USAGE EVALUATION WITH THE TERESA PLATFORM

Two main target markets

Target market 1: Animation at home, a semi-autonomous telepresence system perceived as a robot companion for elderly individuals who already have technological skills and an extended social network, who love being the centre of their families and to assess this centre at home.

Target market 2: Animation at home, a semi-autonomous telepresence system perceived as a robot companion for elderly individuals living autonomously, independently, and who value their loneliness and who find in the “robot” “someone” to talk to, to confess to, without being bothered by the physical presence of others.

Confirmation: The added values identified by end users of the Giraff during the Regional Study and described in the previous chapter give us a clear warning: low-level decisions are a source of enjoyment for users. They liked to remote control the platform and play with it, and some families even made up games with its random driving and zigzags. Consequently, if a product vision is to be considered, offering more than just the “free the user from low-level decisions” aspect and searching how, through gamification and other interactions, enjoyment can be found, will be crucial.

No economic evaluation was integrated into the usage evaluation interviews in the TERESA project. Consequently, the prices given in the next chapters are based on the economic evaluation of the Giraff. It was also impossible to identify the ecosystems through direct fieldwork (the experiment were performed in the same place, in a controlled environment, without real stakeholders). Therefore, the TERESA product visions are mostly based on the GIRAFF product visions.

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3.2. TERESA Product vision

Product Descritpion TRL Price Vision TERESA Telepresence platform 4/5 At home: 300 euros > 500 euros Product Vision 1 In nursing homes: 4000<>6000 euros

TERESA Telepresence 4/5 At home: 30 euros per month. Product platform+animation Vision 2 service In nursing home: 6000 euros

TERESA Telepresence 8 4000 <> 6000 euros. Product platform+animation Vision 3 service+evaluation tool

TERESA Product vision 1

Description: TERESA telepresence semi-autonomous and mobile platform, mobile and semi-autonomous telepresence system description guidance and simplifying navigation system. Compared with GIRAFF product visions 1, 2 and 3, TERESA is simply the same platform including the ability to free the driver from low-level decisions, that is to say, according to the usage evaluation (TERESA and Giraff), from their main source of pleasure. This innovation would retrieve the main added value of the product. We are not describing an autonomous robotic platform able to welcome and to guide people in public spaces but a semi-autonomous platform able to free the pilot from low-level decisions.

Teresa Product vision 1, Added values

0 or <0, compared to GIRAFF Product vision 1.

Slightly improving the usability of the object while lowering its acceptability and attractiveness for the interaction target9.

Teresa Product vision 1, Target market: see Giraff product vision 1

Teresa Product vision 1, End users: see Giraff product vision 1

Teresa Product vision 1, TRL

TRL 4.5, the product vision could be co-designed in a relevant environment

Level 4 - Technology Validated in Laboratory Experiment: Technology development.

9 In blue, the main differences with the corresponding Giraff product-vision.

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Testing of system or major sub-systems; validation against established benchmarks; Testing of internal and external inter-connectivity. Initial normative testing with trained users possible.

Teresa Product vision 1, target price For the robotic abilities 0 or <0 For the platform: see Giraff product vision 1

Teresa Product vision 1, comparable: see Giraff Product vision 1

Teresa Product vision 1, Ecosystem: see Giraff Product vision 1

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TERESA Product vision 2 Animation robot

Description, TERESA telepresence semi-autonomous and mobile platform, guidance and simplifying navigation system, including mimicking, including information about human interactions. Here, some of the robot's options could provide a degree of added value to semi-autonomous navigation, robotic mimicking, robotic socially intelligent low-level decisions and to movement and emotion recognition as robotic abilities through animation (games, serious games, etc.).

TERESA Product vision 2, Added values

-Mobile telepresence -Reducing distance from animation (i.e. from activities and events) -Gamification of the communication tool through apps -Physical presence of the "caller" or of the avatar at home or in a nursing home - "Totem" function: the Giraff symbolises, represents the care relationship at home -Simplified access to free calls - Ability to animate elderly individuals' lives remotely (coaching, training, prevention, health promotion, talks, appointments with psychologists, ergotherapists, etc.) - Time and money saving benefits (no travel costs for the activity/event provider). -Increased adaptability of the platform thanks to the skills and the (tele)presence of the activity/event provider. -Quantified self -Quantified relationships

TERESA Product vision 2, Target market

-Residences -Nursing homes -Public spaces (university halls, city halls, railway stations) -Households

TERESA Product vision 2, End users

-Elderly individuals living autonomously at home and who have an intense social network

-Their families -Their friends -Their neighbours -Their professional caregivers

-Elderly individuals living in nursing homes

-Their families -Their professional caregivers

-Professional caregivers in nursing homes -Their patients -Patients’ families TERESA Product vision 2, TRL

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Level 4 - Technology Validated in Laboratory Experiment: Technology development. Testing of system or major sub-systems; validation against established benchmarks; Testing of internal and external inter-connectivity. Initial normative testing with trained users possible.

TERESA Product vision 2, Target price

300>500 euros at home

6000 euros in public spaces and nursing homes

TERESA Product vision 2, Comparable: Pepper (Aldebaran)

Price: 1400 euros

The PEPPER robot can deliver animation, be a playful companion, teach children and welcome people in public spaces, but does not allow telepresence. It does enrich communication through movement and emotion recognitions, gamification of communications, but those communications are between humans and robot, and not, as in TERESA's case, between humans through a robot.

TERESA Product vision 2, Ecosystem: see GIRAFF Product vision 2

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TERESA Product vision 3, Description

TERESA telepresence semi-autonomous and mobile platform, guidance and simplifying navigation system, including mimicking, including information about human interactions and gamification of relations.

The basis is the existing TERESA platform, re-designed to be adaptable, flexible, customisable, and last but not least reliable. It is installed and set up by an installer who will resolve any connectivity issues at home or in nursing homes. An after sale service is provided to ensure the adaptability and the reliability of the platform.

This basis is the TERESA telepresence platform used to perform evaluations in nursing homes and to deliver activities and events ("animation") to elderly people in nursing homes. The product can be described as follows: during evaluation processes in residences or in nursing homes, a living lab or an expert centre uses the Giraff to observe, to interview and to evaluate the level of decision-making latitude and the work organisation.

At home, the TERESA could be used by social services to evaluate the needs of an elderly individual.

At home as in nursing homes, the TERESA Product vision 3 could also be used to animate elderly individuals' lives, for example by delivering coaching for gentle keep fit, prevention, discussions, delivery of information, choir singing, celebration of mass (this has been experimented successfully in a nursing home in Reims with the Giraff platform), ergotherapist appointments, etc.

The evaluation structure would own the TERESA product vision 3.

This product vision was experimented successfully in eight nursing homes during the Regional Study.

TERESA Product vision 3, Added values

Breaking up of routine, making observations and evaluations more acceptable through animation and gamification.

-Mobile telepresence -Reducing distance from animation (i.e. from activities and events) -Gamification of the communication tool through apps -Physical presence of the "caller" or of the avatar at home or in a nursing home - "Totem" function: the Giraff symbolises, represents the care relationship at home -Simplified access to free calls -Ability to animate elderly individuals' lives remotely (coaching, training, prevention, health promotion, talks, appointments with psychologists, ergotherapists, etc.) -Time and money saving benefits (no travel costs for the activity/event provider and evaluators). -Increased adaptability of the platform thanks to the skills and the (tele)presence of the evaluator.

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-Innovative and efficient tool for evaluations in nursing homes and at home.

TERESA Product vision 3, Target market

Living labs, expert centres, services or units devoted to evaluation.

TERESA Product vision 3, End Users

Living labs, expert centres, services or units devoted to evaluation

TERESA Product vision 3, TRL

Level 8 - System Complete and Qualified Production Prototype Development of prototypes with final functionality and form factor. Sufficient for end user testing in limited launch markets. Initial batch production of the products.

TERESA Product vision 3, Target price

4000<>6000 euros

TERESA Product vision 3, Comparable

No comparable for the moment

TERESA Product vision 3, Ecosystem: see GIRAFF Product vision 3

TERESA Product vision3, Operator

Living labs, expert centres, services or units devoted to evaluation

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3.3 Foresight on animation/gamification functions of the TERESA platform

Gamification or valorisation of movement recognition?

Games model suggested by MADoPA after usage evaluation: on the visitor's screen, information about predictable movements and intentions of the interaction target(s). The visitor can choose to facilitate or to interfere with the coming movements. The visitor can also compete with the software to predict interaction targets' movements.

Gamification or valorisation of emotion recognition?

Games model suggested by MADoPA after usage evaluation: on the visitor's screen, information about the emotions of the interaction target(s). The visitor can be challenged to produce a level of emotion for the interaction target. The visitor can also compete with the software to understand interactions’ target emotions.

Gamification or valorisation of body pose?

Games model suggested by MADoPA after usage evaluation: the challenge is to be understood only with body pose (not available in the TERESA version).

Gamification or valorisation of semi-autonomous navigation?

Games model suggested by MADoPA after usage evaluation: the visitor challenges the robot to perform a journey and gives it a score.

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3.4. Distance to market

TERESA Product vision 2

TRL 4.5: 2 years

Years 1 and 2: Technical aspects

One year to reach TRL 7 through development in a controlled environment, providing reliable, flexible, customisable prototypes usable by pilots in real environments. One year to reach TRL 9 through pilots in real environments.

Years 1 and 2: Service aspects

Two years to develop via a co-design approach all of the services, animations and apps that might make the platform usable, pleasant, acceptable.

Years 1 and 2: Business aspects

Two years to find the business model. And path to the market

TERESA Product vision 3.

TRL 8: immediately ready for market but need to create a structure to provide the technology and an after sale service to support evaluation structures using the TERESA Product vision 3.

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3.5 A shorter path to market found for the TERESA product vision 3

In order to realise real-life usage evaluations, MADoPA needed to develop a specific use of the Giraff and TERESA platforms with the elderly. The idea was to use the platform to identify requested and relevant services, the needs, level of acceptability, and the price payable for the service provided by these platforms to give the exploitation plan a solid foundation. We realised that what we were deploying had a commercial value, and began to include it in a service proposal, i.e. by including the robot within the service, either in the evaluation of the functioning of nursing homes, or in health promotion programmes.

As part of these services, the “robot” was used to provide: -Exceptional non-formalised and non-routineobservations in highly routinised environments. -Provide a recreational object and medium of animation which can serve, in particular, as a means or a pretext to bring together populations who do not usually have the occasion to meet (the robot recently worked in an inter-generational environment supported by a media library in the area of Les Chartreux in Troyes).

Service offer integration timeline

Use of Giraff during the regional study: summer 2015, evaluation of 8 nursing homes Service clients: AG2R (Mutual Insurance Company), Regional Authority Robot user: MADoPA

Use of TERESA platform 24-25 November 2016: Use of the platform in an intergenerational context to bring together young people and the elderly: to trigger encounters, incite exchanges and recruit elderly participants to experiment a technology package at home. Service clients: Conférence des financeurs de la perte d’autonomie de l’Aube (consortium bringing together public and private bodies for the funding and promotion of prevention programmes for the elderly at the level of the département); media library Robot user: MADoPA

27 November 2016: use of the platform on the market of Les Chartreux in Troyes to further the recruitment of participants for the technology package experiment. Service clients: Conférence des financeurs de la perte d’autonomie de l’Aube (consortium bringing together public and private bodies for the funding and promotion of prevention programmes for the elderly at the level of the département) Robot user: MADoPA

10, 12, 13, 21 December 2016: training of “young pilots” in the MJC (Maison de la Jeunesse et de la Culture – Culture and Youth Centre) of Marigny le Châtel to pilot the robot in the nursing home of Marcilly le Hayer. This action represents a dynamic of health promotion and local regeneration. Service clients: Conférence des financeurs de la perte d’autonomie de l’Aube (consortium bringing together public and private bodies for the funding and promotion of prevention programmes for the elderly at the level of the département) Robot user: MADoPA, MJC, nursing homes

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4. Conclusions

To conclude, we would like to make a preliminary comment: Giraff filed for bankruptcy in 2015, and with the company's disappearance, an immediate market opportunity for TERESA innovations also disappeared. This was all the more unfortunate in that the Giraff usage evaluation could have helped Giraff to find its way to the market had it been performed earlier.

However, using the Giraff platform and the TERESA platform in real-life conditions through the usage evaluations in the Regional Study and the TERESA project, we were able to prove that the TERESA robot is a product that can be sold and find its way to a more profitable market (MADoPA is even using it already in actions, animations and evaluations as a support for animation and a tool for evaluation). Such new experiments could be seen as precious opportunities for TERESA product vision 2 to reach TRL 9.

One fact that might be emphasized is that this report offers a model for profitable collaboration between local and global levels. A European project brought innovative technologies to a region. The Regional Authority funded research that enabled technology to address the market directly. The European project learned lessons from the Regional Study and integrated those results into its exploitation plan. Through this global-local dimension, projects can deliver an exploitation plan for an innovative technology, rather than for each and every part of a project divided into small innovations for niche markets. This has been a highly valuable source of learning and a fruitful process for MADoPA.

Last but not least, we would like to underline that this close-to-the-market approach using local funding, local partners and future clients needs to be integrated from the outset of projects, otherwise consortiums might be unable to support local experiments or use the results in a profitable way.

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5. Appendices 5.1 APPENDIX 1, Table summarising the results of the regional evaluation

Product Description End user vision Product Giraff platform Elderly individuals vision 1 + apps Families Nursing Pro. caregivers home Product Giraff platform Elderly individuals vision 1 + apps Families Home Pro. Caregivers Product Giraff platform Facilitator vision 2 + external activities (service provider) Nursing and events Residents home (animation) Families + personnel trained Personnel to lead and organise use of the Giraff Product Giraff platform Facilitator vision 2 + external activities (service provider) Home and events Families (animation) Elderly individual + personalised applications Product Giraff platform Expert centre vision 3 + external activities Facilitator Nursing and events (service provider) home (animation) Residents + personnel trained Families to lead and Personnel organise use of the Giraff + external evaluator Product Giraff platform Institution, vision 3 + personalised Funds, Associations Home applications Evaluator + external evaluator

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Economic report summary

Description Service Target End user T Price11 population R (in group L euros) 10 Product Giraff platform Telepresence of Elderly Elderly 7 6000 vision 1 + appropriate families individuals in individuals euros Nursing applications nursing Families home Facilitation by homes Personnel personnel Product Giraff platform Telepresence of Elderly Elderly 7 300 >50 vision 1 +personalised family individual individual 0 euros Home applications GIR 3,4,5,6 Families

Product Giraff platform Telepresence of Elderly Facilitator 7 6000 vision 2 + external activities and family individuals in (service euros Nursing events (animation) nursing provider) / year home + personnel trained to Animation homes Residents lead and organise use (activities such as Families of the Giraff keep fit, Personnel physiotherapy, psychology, ergotherapy, prevention, games) Product Giraff platform Telepresence of Elderly Facilitator 7 30 euros vision 2 + external activities and family individual (service / month Home events (animation) GIR provider) +personalised Animation Families applications (activities such as Elderly keep fit, individual physiotherapy, psychology, ergotherapy, prevention, games)

Device personalisation

Services via Internet

10 Technology Readiness Level. 11The prices indicated are acceptable prices according to clients at home and in nursing homes. These prices are an average of those indicated during the interviews.

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Product Giraff platform Improvement in Elderly Centre 7 ? vision 3 + external activities and quality of life individuals in expert Nursing events (animation) nursing Facilitator home + personnel trained to Telepresence of homes (service lead and organise use families provider) of the Giraff Residents +External evaluator Facilitation by Families personnel Personnel Product Giraff platform Improvement of Elderly Institution, 7 30 euros vision 3 + external activities and quality of life individual Funds, / month Home events (animation) Telepresence of Association + personalised family Evaluator applications Activities and +External evaluator events (animation)

Comparables Ecosystem Added value Time to market Product Awabot (2000 Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 1 euros) Seller/dealer in the region -Independent verification, Nursing After sale service in the post placement, of the home region conditions in which a parent is living. -Animation Product visions by families Product Awabot (2000 Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 1 euros) Seller/dealer in the region -Animation Product visions Home After sale service in the by family region -Fun aspect Product Paro robot Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 2 (6697 euros) Seller/dealer in the region -Independent verification, Nursing After sale service in the post placement, of the home region conditions in which a parent Facilitator trained in the is living. region -Animation Product visions by families -Activities and events (animation) -Participative tool - broadcast of events (mass or choral singing for immobile elderly individuals ) Product Paro robot Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 2 (6697 euros) Seller/dealer in the region -Animation Product visions Home After sale service in the by family

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region -Health promotion, Facilitator trained in the animation Product visions by region professionals -Fun aspect Product ? Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 3 Seller/dealer in the region -Animation Product visions Nursing After sale service in the by family home region -Health promotion Product Facilitator trained in the visions by professionals region Evaluator -Evaluation of quality of life -Improvement of quality of life of elderly individuals Product ? Producer -Telepresence 2>3 yrs vision 3 Seller/dealer in the region -Animations Product visions Home After sale service in the by family region -Health promotion, Facilitator trained in the animation, Product visions region Evaluator by professionals -Evaluation of the circumstances of elderly people -Improvement of the quality of life of elderly individuals

5.2 Appendix 2, Table of comparables from the ACCOMPANY report (FP7, 2013) Appendix 2, Comparable robots, services and products Name Category Price EMOX ROBOT-COMPANION €700 PEPPER ROBOT-COMPANION €1400 AIBO ROBOT-COMPANION €2000 LUNA ROBOT-COMPANION €2100 IROBI ROBOT COMPANION €3500 NAO ROBOT-COMPANION €6000 JAZZ ROBOT-COMPANION €7400-€14 000 WAKAMARU ROBOT-COMPANION €1600 ROBO-VIE R3 ROBOT-COMPANION €30,000- €40,000 ENON ROBOT-COMPANION €45,000 EVE-R-1 ROBOT-COMPANION €244,000 HRP 4C ROBOT-COMPANION/ ROBOT-LEISURE €300,000 PR2 ROBOT-COMPANION €400,000

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ASIMO ROBOT-COMPANION/ROBOT-ASSISTANT €1.9 million MiP WowWee robot ROBOT-LEISURE//ROBOT TOY €99 RP-VITA CARE-ROBOT €3000-€4500 (for a hospital) MOSRO MONITORING ROBOT €14,400 T63 ARTEMIS MONITORING SYSTEM €21,700/year

ROVIO TELEPRESENCE ROBOT €114 GIRAFF TELEPRENCE-ROBOT €2283 HERCULE EXOSKELETON €40,000 (2017) ROOMBA ROBOT-VACUUM CLEANER €729 Non-robotic products and services Non-robotic products Otolift ELEVATOR (stairs elevator) €3500 to €9000 BlueHOMECARE MONITORING SERVICE €1500 and €50 / month Non-robotic services

Social worker: 9.43 euros per hour in France 5.3Comparable robots (description) Description of the service Price MiP WowWee Silverlit robot €99 ROBOT-LEISURE//ROBOT TOY -Moving device -Following movements (hands) -Avoiding obstacles -Playing with a tray

Irobi €3500 Yoojin Robot

TEACHING-ROBOT/ROBOT COMPANION

-Teaching -Singing and talking to children -Moving autonomously -Connecting to Internet

-Detecting fire -Detecting strangers

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Luna €2100 RoboDynamics robotics Expected ROBOT-COMPANION price (€650) -Moving autonomously -Walking the dog (in a smart environment) -Helping to read mail -Recognizing its owner's voice -Carrying things on a tray EVE-R-I Kokoro Dreams and Osaka University €244,000 of Japan $321,000 ROBOT-COMPANION-ACTROID

-Recognizing vocal questions -Answering questions with facial expressions -Answering questions with voice -Following eyes

EMOX € 700 Awabot

ROBOT-COMPANION -Moving and avoiding obstacles autonomously -Identifying persons, ages -Reacting to facial expressions -”Running after a ball” -Interacting with the user

JAZZ € 7400 - Gostai €14,000

ROBOT-COMPANION -Telecare -Telesurveillance -Communication -Moving by remote control (from inside or outside the house).

RP-VITA € 3000 - Irobot €4500 (for a CARE-ROBOT hospital)

-Telecare $4000- -Moving autonomously $6000 / -Communication month

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MOSRO €14,400 Robowatch

MONITORING ROBOT

-Detecting problems (intruder, fires) -Raising alerts -Moving autonomously

T63 Artemis € 21 , 700 / TMSUK year (with MONITORING SYSTEM insurance and an after -Patrolling autonomously sale service) -Communication -Speakers and microphones -Raising alerts -Detecting persons -Detecting fire

ROVIO €114 WowWee

TELEPRESENCE ROBOT

-Moving webcam

Enon Fujitsu €45,000 corporation

ROBOT-COMPANION

- Moving autonomously - Speech recognition - Fetching and carrying (500 grams) - Teaching

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NAO € 6000 Aldebaran

ROBOT-COMPANION

-Speaking -Speech recognition -Person recognition -Teaching -Interaction -Playing -Moving autonomously in a smart environment

PEPPER € 1400 Aldebaran JPY ROBOT-COMPANION 198,000

-Speaking -Speech recognition -Person recognition -Teaching -Interaction -Playing -Emotional movements (interacting) -Moving autonomously in a smart environment ROMEO (?) Aldebaran The program ROBOT-COMPANION-CARE-ROBOT cost €28,000,000 -Speaking -Speech recognition -Person recognition -Moving autonomously in a smart environment -Interacting with people -Reminders -Fetching and carrying objects -Playing -Giving advice

AIBO € 2000 Sony

ROBOT-COMPANION

-Speech recognition -Moving autonomously

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-Playing -Co-learning GIRAFF € 2283 GIRAFF (3000 dollars) TELEPRENCE-ROBOT

-Moving autonomously in a smart environment -Communication -Helping for emails

Hercule € 40 , 000 RB3D (2017)

EXOSKELETON

-Helping to move -Helping to carry heavy objects

HRP 4C €300,000 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

ROBOT-COMPANION/ ROBOT-LEISURE

-Speech recognition -Speaking -Singing -Facial movements -Human like movements ASIMO 2.5 million Honda dollars

ROBOT-ASSISTANT/ROBOT-COMPANION 1.9 million

-Recognizing objects, movements, postures, gestures 160,000 -Moving autonomously dollars per -Interacting, synchronizing with human year -Walking, running, dancing -Pushing a cart -Carrying a tray

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PR2 €400,000 Willow Garage

ROBOT-COMPANION

-Moving autonomously in a smart environment -Fetching and carrying things -Playing snooker -Doing laundry Irobot roomba € 729 Irobot

ROBOT-VACUUM CLEANER

-Moving autonomously Non-robotic products Otolift €3500 to Otolift €9000

Elevator

-Helping to move autonomously -Helping to stay at home

BLUEHOMECARE €1500 and BlueLinéa €50 / month

MONITORING SERVICE

-Complete monitoring service with an after-sales service and a central to raise and cancel alerts.

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Appendix 3, A brief history of robotics12

12 “Rising Robotics and the Third Industrial Revolution”, Robert A. Maning, Atlantic Council’s Strategic Foresight Initiative The Atlantic Council of the United States (2013).

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