101 Answers Dini Avaz
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Bharati Volume 4
SARASVATI Bharati Volume 4 Gold bead; Early Dynastic necklace from the Royal Cemetery; now in the Leeds collection y #/me raed?sI %/-e A/hm! #N/m! Atu?vm! , iv/Èaim?Sy r]it/ e/dm! -ar?t jn?m! . (Vis'va_mitra Ga_thina) RV 3.053.12 I have made Indra glorified by these two, heaven and earth, and this prayer of Vis'va_mitra protects the race of Bharata. [Made Indra glorified: indram atus.t.avam-- the verb is the third preterite of the casual, I have caused to be praised; it may mean: I praise Indra, abiding between heaven and earth, i.e. in va_kdevi Sarasvati the firmament]. Dr. S. Kalyanaraman Babasaheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti Bangalore 2003 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com SARASVATI: Bharati by S. Kalyanaraman Copyright Dr. S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: Baba Saheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti, Bangalore Price: (India) Rs. 500 ; (Other countries) US $50 . Copies can be obtained from: S. Kalyanaraman, 3 Temple Avenue, Srinagar Colony, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600015, India email: [email protected] Tel. + 91 44 22350557; Fax 24996380 Baba Saheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti, Yadava Smriti, 55 First Main Road, Seshadripuram, Bangalore 560020, India Tel. + 91 80 6655238 Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti, Annapurna, 528 C Saniwar Peth, Pune 411030 Tel. +91 020 4490939 Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Kalyanaraman, Srinivasan. Sarasvati/ S. Kalyanaraman Includes bibliographical references and index 1.River Sarasvati. 2. Indian Civilization. 3. R.gveda Printed in India at K. Joshi and Co., 1745/2 Sadashivpeth, Near Bikardas Maruti Temple, Pune 411030, Bharat ISBN 81-901126-4-0 FIRST PUBLISHED: 2003 2 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com About the Author Dr. -
The Zend-Avesta Contents
sbe04 THE ZEND-AVESTA PART I THE VENDIDAD TRANSLATED BY JAMES DARMESTETER Sacred Books of the East, Volume 4. Oxford University Press, 1880. {scanned at sacred-texts.com January-May/2001} {p. vii} CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER PAGE I. THE DISCOVERY OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xi II. THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xxv III. THE FORMATION OF THE ZEND-AVESTA xxx IV. THE ORIGIN OF THE AVESTA RELIGION lvi V. THE VENDÎDÂD lxxxiii http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe04/sbe04.htm (1 of 257)2006-03-29 오후 2:22:09 sbe04 TRANSLATION OF THE VENDIDAD. FARGARD I. AN ENUMERATION OF SIXTEEN LANDS CREATED BY AHURA MAZDA, AND OF 1 AS MANY PLAGUES CREATED IN OPPOSITION BY ANGRA MAINYU FARGARD II. MYTHS OF YIMA 10 FARGARD III. THE EARTH 21 I (1-6). The five places where the Earth feels most joy 22 II (7-11). The five places where the Earth feels most sorrow 24 III (12-35). The five things which most rejoice the Earth 25 IV (36-42). Corpses ought not to be buried in the Earth 31 FARGARD IV. CONTRACTS AND OUTRAGES 33 I (1) 34 II a (2). Classification of contracts 34 II b (3-4). Damages for breach of contract 35 II c (5-10). Kinsmen responsible 36 II d (11-16). Penalties for breach of Contract 37 III (17-55). Outrages 39 (18). Definitions 39 (18-21). Menaces 39 (22-25). Assaults 40 http://www.sacred-texts.com/zor/sbe04/sbe04.htm (2 of 257)2006-03-29 오후 2:22:09 sbe04 (26-29). -
Listening Attentively To/ Concentrating/ Taking Heed/ Trying to Understand (Skt - Śrū)
THE PROPHET’S UTTERANCES [LINKS IN THE YOUNG AVESTA AND THE VEDIC TEXTS] (1) SƏRAOŠA [This paper is an expanded version of serialized articles ‘The Importance of Listening’ published during 1987 in ‘Manashni’, the voice of the Australian Zoroastrian Association of NSW, Sydney, Australia] Pronunciation symbols I have adopted the following transcription (after Kanga19& Taraporewala29A) as permitted by my software, while avoiding the encoding of the ITRANS convention hoping to make the reading for non-academic purposes generally easier: - a as in fun; ā as in far; ã (nasal sound ãn) as in ‘āvãn’; ə as in fed, ē as in fade; i as in fill; ī as in feel; o as in for; ō as in fore; u as in full; ū as in fool. The nasal sounds are ãn as in āvãn; ən as in the French ‘trés biən’, ĩn as in Ahĩnsā (also pronounced ‘ĩm’ as in Sanskrit Ahĩmsā and as also in Avestan and Gathic languages) and ũn as in Humayũn. The pronunciation of some consonants (as permitted by my software) are ‘ś’ for ‘sh’, ‘š’ for ‘ss’, ‘ŗ’ for ‘ri’, ñ for ‘ni’, ‘ž’ for ‘zh’. The pronunciation of the vowel sounds ‘ə’ as in fed and ‘ən’ as in the French ‘trés biən’ is unique to the Gathic/ Avestan languages. These vowel sounds ‘ə’ and ‘ən’ are not found in the alphabets of Sanskrit and (Shuddha) Gujarāti (and possibly also in other Indic group of Prakrit languages) where all ‘e’ vowel sounds are pronounced as ē as in fade. Also, it is interesting that Vedic texts appear to be conspicuous by the absence of a double negative although double negatives do occur later in ‘Classical’ Sanskrit. -
ASPS 2015 Program
THE SEVENTH BIENNIAL CONVENTION OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF PERSIANATE SOCIETIES (ASPS) ASPS/Istanbul 2015 September 8-11, 2015 Istanbul, Turkey VENUE MIMAR SINAN FINE ARTS UNIVERSITY, FINDIKLI CAMPUS Address: Meclis-i Mebusan Caddesi No: 24 Fındıklı 34427, Beyoğlu, İstanbul Website: http://www.msgsu.edu.tr/tr-TR/findikli/606/Page.aspx Telephone: 0212 252 16 00 THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF PERSIANATE SOCIETIES PRESIDENT Saïd Amir Arjomand State University of New York, Stony Brook VICE PRESIDENT Jo-Ann Gross The College of New Jersey ACTING TREASURER Pooriya Alimoradi University of Toronto PAST-PRESIDENTS Parvaneh Pourshariati Institute for the Study of Ancient World (ISAW/NYU and CUNY) Rudi Matthee University of Delaware FOUNDER & PAST-PRESIDENT Saïd Amir Arjomand State University of New York Stony Brook BOARD OF DIRECTORS Pooriya Alimoradi University of Toronto Sussan Babaie The Courtauld Institute of Art Kathryn Babayan University of Michigan 2 Houchang Chehabi Boston University Ghazzal Dabiri University of Ghent Rudi Matthee University of Delaware Jawid Mojaddedi Rutgers University Judith Pfeiffer University of Oxford 3 REGIONAL OFFICE DIRECTORS ARMENIA Garnik Asatrian Caucasian Center for Iranian Studies, Yerevan BALKANS Ahmed Zildžić, The Oriental Institute, Sarajevo COUNCIL FOR EURASIA Florian Schwarz Austrian Academy of Sciences GEORGIA George Sanikidze Institute of Oriental Studies, Tbilisi INDIA Isthtiyaq Ahmad Zilli Aligarh Muslim University IRAN Kourosh Kamali Fars Encyclopedia, Shiraz, Iran PAKISTAN Muhammad Saleem -
Eat, Live, Pray: a Celebration of Zarathushti Culture and Cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA)
Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine © 2012 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America (FEZANA) www.fezana.org For free distribution You are free to use the content of this publication for personal and not-for-profit purposes. Please attribute the source if you share any information from it in print and/or electronic media including social media. ISBN: 978-0-9826871-2-3 Cover and layout: Hukhta Publications - [email protected] Every effort has been made to use illustrations that are free or from the public domain. Copyright infringement is not intended; please let us know if there is a copyright issue and we will rectify it. CONGRATULATIONS, FEZANA The Federation of the Zoroastrian Association of North America (FEZANA) was registered in the State of Illinois, USA, on June 2, 1987 as a non-profit, religious and charitable organization. In the twenty-five years since them FEZANA has had many accomplishments. In July 1996, we undertook a "Strategic Planning" exercise (FEZANA Journal, Fall 1996) which identified four collective goals for the community and the organization. One of the goals was “a thousand points of light” aimed at preserving our community’s religious and cultural entity. This publication, “Eat, Live, Pray: A celebration of Zarathushti culture and cuisine” upholds this goal. Food plays a very important role in our Zarathushti psyche. We create all varieties of food for different occasions; special food for happy occasions and we also have food for the dead in our religious ceremonies. In the Summer, 2011 edition of the FEZANA Journal, Sarosh and Benafsha Khariwala together with Arnavaz Chubb, all in Melbourne, Australia, explored the concept of “Food as Our Identity”. -
Persian Manuscripts
: SUPPLEMENT TO THE CATALOGUE OF THE PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM BY CHARLES RIEU, Ph.D. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES Sontion SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM; AND BY Messrs. LONGMANS & CO., 39, Paternoster Row; R QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W.j A. ASHEE & CO., 13, Bedford .Street, Covent Garden ; KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Eoad ; and HENEY FROWDE, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner. 1895. : LONDON printed by gilbert and rivington, limited , st. John's house, clerkenwell, e.g. TUP r-FTTY CFNTEf ; PEE FACE. The present Supplement deals with four hundred and twenty-five Manuscripts acquired by the Museum during the last twelve years, namely from 1883, the year in which the third and last volume of the Persian Catalogue was published, to the last quarter of the present year. For more than a half of these accessions, namely, two hundred and forty volumes, the Museum is indebted to the agency of Mr. Sidney J. A. Churchill, late Persian Secretary to Her Majesty's Legation at Teheran, who during eleven years, from 1884 to 1894, applied himself with unflagging zeal to the self-imposed duty of enriching the National Library with rare Oriental MSS. and with the almost equally rare productions of the printing press of Persia. By his intimate acquaintance with the language and literature of that country, with the character of its inhabitants, and with some of its statesmen and scholars, Mr. Churchill was eminently qualified for that task, and he availed himself with brilliant success of his exceptional opportunities. His first contribution was a fine illuminated copy of the Zafar Namah, or rhymed chronicle, of Hamdullah Mustaufi (no. -
Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths
Asian Social Science; Vol. 12, No. 6; 2016 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Role of Nature in Creation of Iranian Myths Abolghasem Dadvar1 & Roya Rouzbahani1 1 Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University, Iran Correspondence: Roya Rouzbahani, Faculty of Arts, Alzahra University, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 10, 2016 Accepted: March 7, 2016 Online Published: May 20, 2016 doi:10.5539/ass.v12n6p123 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p123 Abstract Nature has always been an important element of myths and religions and had a different standing within ideologies. Because various factors have been involved in creation of myths, this research aims to clarify the role of nature in creation of Iranian myths. Generally, the structure of Iranian myth is a kind of belief in duality of nature, in human and in the conflict forces existing in the world which best are expressed in the continued conflict between good and evil forces. Iran is a country with varied natural geography and can be called the land of great conflicts, so this paper aims to investigate the role of nature in the creation of Iranian myths and determine the effective natural and mythological forces. Data gathered by the documentary method and the research was performed by a descriptive, adaptive and analysis method. According to the results, this research concludes that natural elements play a significant role in the Iranian myth. Keywords: myth, nature, legend, Iran 1. Introduction Knowledge about myths can be very useful from the aspects of access to the basis and origin of limiting factors of mind and social behaviors or the stimulating and encouraging factors in the present time. -
Bird Lore in Southwestern Iran
Bird Lore in Southwestern Iran By G ra c e G o o d e l l “The birds watch it all; they and the angels，” a village woman bemused to me, reflecting upon the radical changes now taking place in rural Khuzestan, the southwestern province of Iran, ancient Persia. ‘‘Like angels, the birds travel and see far beyond our horizons; they know.” Indeed, the Koran itself records the prescience of birds: “Solomon marshalled his forces 01 jmn and men and birds. He in spected his birds and said, * Where is the hoopoe? I cannot see him here!，. • . The bird, who was not long in coming, said, ‘I have just seen what you know nothing of. With truthful news I come to you from Sheba/，， (Koran, Surah 27.) It is with truthful news that the birds of northern Khuzestan tell us of the history and the transformation of the land. Nesting here and there in the villagers' lives and lore, patterned into the landscape and seasons, the birds will partake of the changes now being wrought in the ancient uplands of Mesopotamia no less than the villagers will them selves. How long will their songs be heard in the winds now blowing through the land? When one listens closely to the traditional villagers of northern Khuzestan, their lives scarcely altered from that of neolithic man who sowed the first seeds of agriculture here upon the Mesopotamian plain, one is surprised at how vital and varied, how subtle are the ways in which men and birds have shared these fields and mud settlements for mil- lenia— and one wonders what new associations they will form with one another. -
Shipwreck Evidence and the Maritime Circulation of Medicine Between Iran and China in the 9Th Through 14Th Centuries
The Abode of Water: Shipwreck Evidence and the Maritime Circulation of Medicine Between Iran and China in the 9th Through 14th Centuries by Amanda Respess A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology and History) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Kathryn Babayan, Chair Professor Miranda Brown Assistant Professor Jatin Dua Professor Carla Sinopoli, University of New Mexico Amanda Respess [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4616-701X © Amanda Respess 2020 DEDICATION “...for by reason we have comprehended the manufacture and use of ships, so that we have reached unto distant lands divided from us by the seas; by it we have achieved medicine with its many uses to the body.” - al-Rāzī, The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes, Of the Excellence and Praise of Reason “Whoever has emerged victorious participates to this day in the triumphal procession in which the present rulers step over those who are lying prostrate. According to traditional practice, the spoils are carried along in the procession. They are called cultural treasures, and a historical materialist views them with cautious detachment. For without exception the cultural treasures he surveys have an origin which he cannot contemplate without horror. They owe their existence not only to the efforts of the great minds and talents who have created them, but also to the anonymous toil of their contemporaries.” -Walter Benjamin, On the Concept of History For my family. For Khwāja ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī, whose gravestone in China gave the title to this work. -
Zoroastrians Their Religious Beliefs and Practices
Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices General Editor: John R. Hinnells The University, Manchester In the series: The Sikhs W. Owen Cole and Piara Singh Sambhi Zoroastrians Their Religious Beliefs and Practices MaryBoyce ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL London, Boston and Henley HARVARD UNIVERSITY, UBRARY.: DEe 1 81979 First published in 1979 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd 39 Store Street, London WC1E 7DD, Broadway House, Newtown Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon RG9 1EN and 9 Park Street, Boston, Mass. 02108, USA Set in 10 on 12pt Garamond and printed in Great Britain by Lowe & BrydonePrinters Ltd Thetford, Norfolk © Mary Boyce 1979 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Boyce, Mary Zoroastrians. - (Libraryof religious beliefs and practices). I. Zoroastrianism - History I. Title II. Series ISBN 0 7100 0121 5 Dedicated in gratitude to the memory of HECTOR MUNRO CHADWICK Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Cambridge 1912-4 1 Contents Preface XJ1l Glossary xv Signs and abbreviations XIX \/ I The background I Introduction I The Indo-Iranians 2 The old religion 3 cult The J The gods 6 the 12 Death and hereafter Conclusion 16 2 Zoroaster and his teaching 17 Introduction 17 Zoroaster and his mission 18 Ahura Mazda and his Adversary 19 The heptad and the seven creations 21 .. vu Contents Creation and the Three Times 25 Death and the hereafter 27 3 The establishing of Mazda -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Narrative and Iranian
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Narrative and Iranian Identity in the New Persian Renaissance and the Later Perso-Islamicate World DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by Conrad Justin Harter Dissertation Committee: Professor Touraj Daryaee, Chair Professor Mark Andrew LeVine Professor Emeritus James Buchanan Given 2016 © 2016 Conrad Justin Harter DEDICATION To my friends and family, and most importantly, my wife Pamela ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: Persian Histories in the 9th-12th Centuries CE 47 CHAPTER 3: Universal History, Geography, and Literature 100 CHAPTER 4: Ideological Aims and Regime Legitimation 145 CHAPTER 5: Use of Shahnama Throughout Time and Space 192 BIBLIOGRAPHY 240 iii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Map of Central Asia 5 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all of the people who have made this possible, to those who have provided guidance both academic and personal, and to all those who have mentored me thus far in so many different ways. I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation chair, Professor Touraj Daryaee, for providing me with not only a place to study the Shahnama and Persianate culture and history at UC Irvine, but also with invaluable guidance while I was there. I would like to thank my other committee members, Professor Mark LeVine and Professor Emeritus James Given, for willing to sit on my committee and to read an entire dissertation focused on the history and literature of medieval Iran and Central Asia, even though their own interests and decades of academic research lay elsewhere. -
Aredvisura's Anahita's Impression in Avesta Transcripts. J. Life Sci
J. Life Sci. Biomed. 3(6): 414-417, 2013 JLSB © 2013, Scienceline Publication Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine ISSN 2251-9939 Aredvisura’s Anahita’s Impression in Avesta Transcripts Mozhgan Esmaili* Member of the Scientific Board Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Research Institute, Iran *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In many of the Avesta transcripts, water has been praised as a pure and divine element. This element has different symbols including creation, productivity, death and revival. According to Avesta transcripts, Aredvisura is a form of water sanctification. In Avsta, water is considered as a heavenly, cosmic, essence of life, tonic, cleaner and immortal element. This research is to represent the water praise legend from Avesta transcript standpoint. The present article, through adopting a descriptive –analytic approach and based on Zoroastrians religious sources aims at investigating impression and importance of Anahita Aredvisura. Keywords: Apamnapat, Aredvisura Anahita, Avesta, Water INTRODUCTION Archaeological studies show that entrancing of Aryans in the middle of second millennium BC to this land and their matrimony to native nation has faced many evolutions and changes. The most important souvenir the Aryan brought to this land was religious thoughts and beliefs along with Gods with nature shapes. These religious beliefs like other religions consisted of godlike elements, legendary and ethical elements. Legend is mostly considered as one of the most immortal phenomenons. A phenomenon explaining the creation of existence and praises the forces involved in this creation, and explores the existence. Roger Bastide believes that “before the legend is thought and expressed, it has been experienced and lived.