3. The European Citizens’ Initiative: Challenges and Perspectives

Salvatore Aloisio, Giorgio Grimaldi, Umberto Morelli, Antonio Padoa-Schioppa*

 INTRODUCTION. DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: GENERAL REMARKS

‘†ƒ–‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Šƒ•Šƒ†“—‹–‡ƒˆ”ƒ‰‹Ž‡ ‘–‡š–‹–Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ሺሻ•›•–‡ǤŠ‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǡ–Š‡Žƒ–‡•–”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡–”‡ƒ–‹‡•ƒ† —””‡–Ž›‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǯ•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ–‡š–•ǡ•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ– Dz–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ˆ‘—†‡†‘”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ Ǧ ”ƒ ›dzሺ”–ǤͳͲǤͳǡ”‡ƒ–›‘—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ȂͳሻǤŠ‡‘•–•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– •–‡’• Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ –‘ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹ ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ƒ”‡ǣ

ሺƒሻ Š‡‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ሺሻ„›—‹˜‡”•ƒŽ•—ˆˆ”ƒ‰‡ •‹ ‡ͳͻ͹ͻǤ  ȗ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡‡–•ǣŠ‹•’ƒ’‡”‹•–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•ǯŒ‘‹– ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘‘‡ˆˆ‘”–• ƒ””‹‡†‘—–™‹–Šƒ ‘–‹—‘—•‡š Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹†‡ƒ•ǤŠ‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š‰”‘—’ ‹ Ž—†‡†”‡•‡ƒ” Š‡”•ƒ†• Š‘Žƒ”•™‹–Š‹–Š‡‡–”‡‘ˆ–—†‹‡•‘ ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•ሺ ሻǤŠ‡ ˆ‹”•–’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”›†”ƒˆ–”‡’‘”–‘–Š‹•‹••—‡™ƒ•’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ––Š‡‘”•Š‘’DzŠ‡–ƒ–‡‘ˆ ‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹ –Š‡  ˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–›dzǡ Š‡Ž† ‘ –Š‡ ͵ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲ ƒ– –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ—”‹ƒ†’”‘‘–‡†„›ƒ†”ƒˆ–‹‰‰”‘—’ ‘’‘•‡†‘ˆ ǡ •–‹–—–‘†‹ˆˆƒ”‹ –‡”ƒœ‹‘ƒŽ‹ሺ  ሻƒ†‘–”‡—”‘’‡ǤŠ‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ’‡” ƒ„‡ƒ Ǧ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡†ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ –”‘†— –‹‘ǡ‡ –‹‘•ͳǤͳǡͳǤͷǡʹǡʹǤͳǡʹǤʹǡ͵ǡ͵Ǥͳǡ͵Ǥʹǡ͵Ǥ͵ǡ͵ǤͶǡ͵Ǥͷǡ ͵Ǥ͸–‘ ‹‘”‰‹‘ ”‹ƒŽ†‹Ǣ‡ –‹‘ͳǤʹǡͳǤ͵ǡͳǤͶǡͶǤͳǡͶǤʹǡͶǤ͵ǡͶǤͶǡͶǤͷ–‘ƒŽ˜ƒ–‘”‡Ž‘‹•‹‘Ǣ‡ Ǧ –‹‘ͷǡͷǤͳǡͷǤʹǡͷǤ͵ǡͷǤͶƒ†ͷǤͷ–‘„‡”–‘‘”‡ŽŽ‹ƒ†–‘‹‘ƒ†‘ƒǦ Š‹‘’’ƒǤ ͳ ‘”‡”Ž›”–Ǥ ǦͶ͸ǡ’ƒ”ƒͳǡ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘˜‡”‡–• ‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ȋ ȌǡTreaty Establishing a Constitution for Europeǡȋͺ͹ȀʹȀͲͶ ʹȌǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡʹͻ –‘„‡”ʹͲͲͶǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‹‰ ’†ˆȀ‡ȀͲͶȀ ‰ͲͲȀ ‰ ͲͲͲͺ͹Ǧ”‡ͲʹǤ‡ͲͶǤ’†ˆǤ

͸ͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

ሺ„ሻŠ‡ ‡š–‡•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǯ• †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ ’‘™‡”• –‘ ƒ ‡˜‡”Ǧ‹Ǧ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ —„‡” ‘ˆ •—„Œ‡ –• ƒ† –‘ ‘–Š‡” ”‡‹–•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡•‡ ’‘™‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ˆƒ”†‘‘–‹ Ž—†‡ƒŒ‘”ƒ”‡ƒ••— Šƒ•ˆ‹• ƒŽ ’‘™‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ ‘™ ”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ’‘Ž‹ › ƒ† †‡ˆ‡ ‡ ƒ† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘–Š‡” ”— ‹ƒŽ†‘ƒ‹•ƒ‘‰–Š‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ‹‘ƒ•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•ǤŠ‡‹‰Ž‡—”‘’‡ƒ – ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ‹ ͳͻͺ͹ ƒ†‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘• ˆ‘” ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ —–‹Ž–Š‡•—„•‡“—‡–”‡ˆ‘”•™Š‹ Š–—”‡†–Š‡ˆ”‘ƒ‹‘”ƒ† ƒ‹Ž› ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹˜‡„‘†›ሺƒ–ƒŽ•Š‘’ሻ‹–‘‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒŒ‘”‹Ǧ •–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥʹ ˆƒ ––Š‡ƒƒ•–”‹ Š–”‡ƒ–›‹–”‘†— ‡†–Š‡ ‘Ǧ†‡ ‹•‹‘ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ†’‘™‡”•’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†Ǥ ሺ ሻ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ǡƒ•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡ƒƒ•–”‹ Š–”‡ƒ–›ǡ ƒ‡ ‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‹ͳͻͻ͵ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’•–‹ŽŽ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž• ƒ† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›‹••—„‘”†‹ƒ–‡†–‘‹–Ǥ͵

Š‡  ‹• ƒ •—‹‰‡‡”‹• ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ‹‰”‡†‹‡–• ‘ˆ •—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǤŠ‡• ‹‡–‹ˆ‹  ‘—‹–›Šƒ•‘ˆˆ‡”‡†ƒ›†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•ˆ‘”‹– ’”‡ ‹•‡Ž›„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹–•Š›„”‹†ƒ–—”‡ǣ‹ˆƒ ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆ‘”•‘ˆ †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ††‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡••‡•Ž‹˜‹‰ƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡‡ƒ Š‘–Š‡”ǡ •— Š ƒ• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›ǡ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡Ǧ ‘ ”ƒ ›ǤͶ

 ʹ ‡‡ Ǥ ‹––„‡”‰‡”ǡ Building Europe’s Parliamentǡ šˆ‘”†ǡ šˆ‘”† ‹˜‡”•‹–› ”‡••ǡ ʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥͳ͹͹Ǥ ͵Dz ƒŽŽ‹–•ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ–Š‡‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ‘„•‡”˜‡–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ‹–• ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡•ǡ™Š‘•ŠƒŽŽ”‡ ‡‹˜‡‡“—ƒŽƒ––‡–‹‘ˆ”‘‹–•‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ǡ„‘†‹‡•ǡ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•ƒ†ƒ‰‡ ‹‡•Ǥ ˜‡”›ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘ˆƒ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘Ǥ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ–‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ‘–”‡’Žƒ ‡‹–dzǤ”–Ǥͻǡǡ•‡‡Dz‘Ǧ •‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡†‡”•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ƒ†–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘–Š‡ — –‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘dzȋʹͲͲͺȀͳͳͷȀͲͳȌǡ‹Official Journal of the European UnionȋǦ Ȍǡ ‘ŽǤ ͷͳ ȋͻ ƒ› ʹͲͲͺȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ  –ŽǤ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͲͺǣͳͳͷǣ ǣ‡ǣ Ǥ–Š‹•‹••—‡•‡‡ ǤŠƒ™ǡCitizenship: Contrasting Dynamics at the Interfa- ce of Integration and Constitutionalismǡ Ž‘”‡ ‡ǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡• •–‹–—–‡ǡ —Ž› ʹͲͳͲ ȋ  ‘”‹‰ ƒ’‡” ǡ ‘Ǥ ʹͲͳͲȀ͸ͲȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—†‘Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ǥ‡—Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ ΨʹͲʹͲͳͲ̴͸ͲǤ’†ˆǤ Ͷ ‘”ƒ˜‡”›”‡ ‡– ‘–”‹„—–‹‘™Š‹ Š•‡‡•–Š‡ƒ•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ –”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ‹‘‘ˆ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†‡„‡”–ƒ–‡••‡‡ Ǥ ‘‡Ǧ •ƒǡ A Story of Europe. The European Union as an Emerging Democracyǡ ‹ Dz—”‘’‡ǯ• ‘”Ž†dz‘—‹–›‘•–•ǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡•™‘”Ž†Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‘”–ƒŽ•Ȁ 

͸͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

Š‡  Šƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ —„‡” ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› ’”ƒ –‹ ‡• ‹’Ž‡Ǧ ‡–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”› ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘Ǧ ƒŽŽ‡† Dz‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›dzǡ–Š‡Dz‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‡‰”‘—’•dzǡƒ•†‡ˆ‹‡†„›Ž‡š‹•†‡‘ “—‡Ǧ ˜‹ŽŽ‡‹Š‹•™‘” Democracy in AmericaǤŠ‡•‡‰”‘—’•ǡ‹†‡’‡†‡–ƒ† †‹•–‹ – ˆ”‘ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ǡ ‡„‘†› ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‘ˆ ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –Š‡‹” ’—”Ǧ ’‘•‡‹•–‘—‹–‡‹–‡”‡•–•ƒ†‡†— ƒ–‡ǡ–Š—•’”‘‘–‹‰ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ’ƒ”–‹ ‹Ǧ ’ƒ–‹‘‹’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†ƒ –‹‰ƒ•ƒ†‡–‡””‡–ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡†‡•’‘–‹ ƒ––‹Ǧ –—†‡‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡ƒ”„‹–”ƒ”›’‘™‡”‘ˆ•‘˜‡”‡‹‰•Ǥͷ Š‡„‘†„‡–™‡‡ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ††‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹•†‡‡’ƒ†Ž‘‰Ǧ •–ƒ†‹‰ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‡–› ‘ˆ ‹–• ‘•–‹–—‡–• Šƒ• ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡† ‹ —Ǧ ”‘’‡ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›•‹ ‡–Š‡Žƒ–‡ʹͲ–Š ‡–—”›Ǥ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–› ƒ„‡†‡ˆ‹‡† ƒ• Dz–Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰”‘—’• ˆ‘”‡† ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡ ’—”’‘•‡• ’”‹ƒ”‹Ž› ‘—–•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡ƒ†–Š‡ƒ”‡–’Žƒ ‡dzǡ͸†‡•’‹–‡ —””‡– ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–› ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‹—”‘’‡„‡‹‰˜‡”›†‹˜‡”•‡Ȃ‡ ‘‘‹ Ž‘„„‹‡•ǡƒ••‘ ‹ƒǦ –‹‘•ǡ”ƒ†‡‹‘•ȋ•Ȍǡ •Ȃ™‹–Š–Š‡‹”ƒ‹„‡‹‰–‘‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥ ‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–—†‹‡••’ƒ‹‰†‡ ƒ†‡•Šƒ˜‡ ‘ˆ‹”‡†–Š‡•–”‘‰Ž‹„‡Ǧ –™‡‡Šƒ˜‹‰‡„‡”•Š‹’‘ˆƒ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ†„‡‹‰’‘Ž‹–Ǧ ‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ –‹˜‡Ǥ͹‹‡™‹•‡–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ’Žƒ›‡”•‹ ‘•‘Ž‹Ǧ †ƒ–‹‰†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹‹†‡’‡†‡–’‘•– ‘Ž‘‹ƒŽ ‘—–”‹‡•Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡ ‘„•‡”˜‡†‹•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘–‡š–•Ǥͺ Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ȋȌ‹•‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ

 ͲȀ ̴˜‡”•‹‘Ȁ ••—‡ͳ͸ȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ ΨʹͲǦǤ’†ˆǤ ͷDzȏǥȐ‘ ‘—–”‹‡•‡‡†ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘”‡Ȃ–‘’”‡˜‡–‡‹–Š‡”†‡•’‘–‹•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹‡• ‘”–Š‡ƒ”„‹–”ƒ”›”—Ž‡‘ˆƒ’”‹ ‡Ȃ–Šƒ–Š‘•‡™‹–Šƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ •‘ ‹ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡dzǡǤ†‡‘ Ǧ “—‡˜‹ŽŽ‡ǡ Democracy in Americaǡ‡™‘”ǡ Š‘”‘‘•ǡͳͻ͸ͷǡ’ǤͳͻʹǤ ͸Ǥ˜ƒ‘‘›ȋ‡†ǤȌǡCivil Society and the Aid Industry. The Politics and Promiseǡ‘Ǧ †‘ǡƒ”–Š• ƒǡͳͻͻͺǡ’Ǥ͵ͲǤ ͹‡‡ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ ǤŽ‘†ǡǤ‡”„ƒǡThe Civic Cultureǡ‘•–‘ǡ‹––Ž‡ǡ”‘™ƒ† ‘Ǥǡͳͻ͸͵ǢǤ˜‘”Žƒ ŠǡDz‘Ž‹–‹ ‹œƒ–‹‘‹••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǣ’‹”‹ ƒŽ–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡‡ŽƒǦ –‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‹ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹• —•Ǧ •‹‘•”ǡ‹World Political Science Reviewǡ‘ŽǤʹǤ‘ǤͳȋʹͲͲ͸Ȍǡ’’ǤͳǦʹͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•ˆ—Ǥ ƒȀ‹‰•ȀȀ‡ ‘—–‡”•ȀʹͳȀ•™‹–œ‡”Žƒ†Ͳ͸Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͺ Ǥ ˜¤•ƒ†ǡ Ǥ ‘•–‡•‡ǡ Non-state Actors and Democratic Consolidationǡ ‡”‰‡ǡ Š”Ǥ‹ Š‡Ž•‡ •–‹–—–‡ǡȋ ‘”‹‰ƒ’‡”‘ǤͳȀʹͲͲͻǡ ”‘Œ‡ –‘‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‘ ‹ ƒŽƒ™‹Ȍǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ„‘”ƒǤ ‹Ǥ‘Ȁ†•’ƒ ‡Ȁ„‹–•–”‡ƒȀͳͲʹͲʹȀͶʹ͵ȀͳȀ‘”‹‰ ΨʹͲ’ƒ’‡”ΨʹͲΨʹͲʹͲͲͻǦͳǤ’†ˆǤ

͸͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‡–‹‘‡†ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹–Š‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ†˜‹•‘”›’”‘ ‡†—”‡•Ǥ› ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰‡š’‡”–‹•‡ƒ†„›”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‰”‘—’•ǡ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡Ǧ –›’Žƒ›‡”• ƒ‡Šƒ ‡–Š‡Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ ›‘ˆƒ –‹‘•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’”‘˜‹‰ —•‡ˆ—Ž–‘‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‹‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ƒ†•Šƒ”‡†’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Ǥ– –‹‡•–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ƒˆ‹†ƒŽŽ‹‡•ƒ†•—’’‘”–‡”•ˆ”‘™‹–Š‹ ‹˜‹Ž •‘ ‹‡–›™Š‡ ‘ˆ”‘–‡†™‹–Š”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡„›‡„‡”–ƒ–‡‰‘˜‡”‡–•Ǥ Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡͻ†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ••‘ ‹ƒŽ†‹ƒŽ‘Ǧ ‰—‡ƒ† ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡͳͲŠƒ•”‡Ǧ ‡–Ž›„‡ ‘‡ƒŠƒŽŽƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡ǯ•™‘”‹‰•Ǥ  —„‡” ‘ˆ • Š‘Žƒ”• ‘•‹†‡” ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ• ƒ •–‡’ „‡›‘† –Š‡ Ž‹„‡”ƒŽ ‘–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ† Šƒ˜‡ •—‰Ǧ ‰‡•–‡†–Š‡–‡”Dzƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›dz‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆƒ—„‡” ‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‡•”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹•‡†•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•Ǥͳͳ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹•

 ͻ‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡–‘–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›™ƒ• ‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡–‹–Ž‡‘ˆ ”–Ǥ ǦͶ͹‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ǤŠ‡–‹–Ž‡‹•‘Ž‘‰‡”ˆ‘—† ‹”–Ǥͳͳ‘ˆ–Š‡™Š‹ Š”‡‹–‡”ƒ–‡•–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǡƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǣ DzͳǤŠ‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘••ŠƒŽŽǡ„›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡‡ƒ•ǡ‰‹˜‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•Ǧ •‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘ƒ‡‘™ƒ†’—„Ž‹ Ž›‡š Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”˜‹‡™•‹ƒŽŽƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ‹‘ƒ –‹‘Ǥ ʹǤŠ‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘••ŠƒŽŽƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ‘’‡ǡ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–ƒ†”‡‰—Žƒ”†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡™‹–Š”‡Ǧ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ͵ǤŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ ƒ””›‘—–„”‘ƒ† ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š’ƒ”–‹‡• ‘Ǧ ‡”‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘‡•—”‡–Šƒ––Š‡‹‘ǯ•ƒ –‹‘•ƒ”‡ ‘Š‡”‡–ƒ†–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–ȏǥȐdzǤ ͳͲ•ˆƒ”ƒ• ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘’‘Ž‹ ›–‘’”‘‘–‡†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ††‡‘Ǧ ”ƒ ›‹• ‘ ‡”‡†ǡ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹•ƒ†‡–‘Žƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǡƒ’’”‘˜‡†ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡ Šƒ†—– Š”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ‘–Š‡”ƒ–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›ǣ •‡‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ȋȌǡThe Commission’s Contribution to the Period of Reflection and Beyond: Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debateǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ͳ͵  –‘„‡” ʹͲͲͷǡ ȋ ȏʹͲͲͷȐ ͶͻͶ ˆ‹ƒŽȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ•‹–‡Ȁ‡Ȁ ‘ȀʹͲͲͷȀ ‘ ʹͲͲͷ̴ͲͶͻͶ‡ͲͳǤ’†ˆǤ ‹˜‹Ž†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ǡ•‡‡ǡReport on the Perspectives for Developing Civil Dialogue under the Treaty of Lisbon ȋ͸ǦͲͶ͹ͷȀʹͲͲͺȌǡ Ͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͲͺǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀ ΪΪ͸ǦʹͲͲͺ ǦͲͶ͹ͷΪͲΪΪ ΪͲȀȀƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ•ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡ ‡–”‡’‘”–ƒ†–Š‡ƒ –‹‘ˆ‘” –Š‡–‘ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•‡‡Reding Calls for Wider Use of Citizens’ Con- sultationsǡ ‹ Dz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡ ͳ͸ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ’ƒȀ”‡†‹‰Ǧ ƒŽŽ•Ǧ™‹†‡”Ǧ—•‡Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•Ǧ‡™•ǦͶͻ͹ͺʹͻǤ ͳͳDz••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹• ‘‘Ž›—†‡”•–‘‘†ƒ•ƒ‘†‡Ž‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡Ǧ ‘ ”ƒ › ‹ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ –ƒ‡• ’Žƒ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘–‡š– ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦ ‰‘˜‡”‹‰‹–‡”‡•–‰”‘—’•‘”associations, ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ˜‡ǡ‹–Š‡‹”–—”•‘‡•‘”–‘ˆ†‡‘Ǧ 

͸ͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ• –Š‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ’—„Ž‹  ƒ† ’”‹˜ƒ–‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ ‡–”‡•ǡ‡ƒ Š‘‡ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰‹–•”‘Ž‡ǡ ‘’ƒ”‹‰ǡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ƒ† ‡š–‡†‹‰ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘Ǥͳʹ ‡ ‡ †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ ›†‡˜‡Ž‘’•–Š”‘—‰Š†‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹•‡†‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡Ǥͳ͵  ‘”†‹‰–‘• Š‘Žƒ”••— Šƒ• ò”‰‡ ƒ„‡”ƒ•ǡ†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ Ǧ ”ƒ › ƒ„‡Ž‡‰‹–‹‹•‡†ƒ•ƒ’”‘ ‡†—”ƒŽƒ††‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹•‡†’”‘ ‡••™Š‡”‡ ƒ ‡••–‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‘’‡ƒ†ˆ”‡‡•’‡‡ Šƒ†–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘Ǧ ‡†—”‡•ƒŽŽ‘™–‘ƒ‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡†‡ ‹•‹‘•ȋepistemic val- ue of deliberationȌǤͳͶ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡ƒˆ‘”‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒDz ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽdz’”‘ ‡••‹••‡‡–‘„‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡••‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹•–‡ ‡‘ˆƒ—”‘’‡ƒ’‡‘’Ž‡ȋdemos)Ǥ–Š‡”ƒ—–Š‘”• „‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–Œ—•–—”‘’‡ƒ†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†’ƒǦ—”‘’‡ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ †ƒƒ”‡‡‡†‡†–‘”‡‡†›–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ †‡ˆ‹ ‹–‹–Š‡ͳͷƒ† Ž‘•‡–Š‡

 ”ƒ–‹ •–”— –—”‡dzǢǤ‡” œ›•‹ǡCitizenship and Associative Democracyǡ’ƒ’‡”’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ƒŠ‡‹ȋ ‡”ƒ›Ȍǡƒ––Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘•‘”–‹—‘ˆ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡•‡ƒ” ŠȋȌǦ —ƒŽ ‘‹–‡••‹‘•ǡʹ͸Ǧ͵ͳƒ” Šͳͻͻͻǡ’Ǥ͸ǡŠ––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡••‡šǤƒ Ǥ—Ȁ‡ ’”Ȁ‡˜‡–•ȀŒ‘‹– •‡••‹‘•Ȁ’ƒ’‡”ƒ” Š‹˜‡ȀƒŠ‡‹Ȁ™ʹͲȀ’‡” œ›•‹Ǥ Ǥ ‘” ƒ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‹‹–• ƒ† ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹—”‘’‡ǡ•‡‡ ǤŽŽ‡‰”‡––‹ǡDz—”‘’ƒ‡†‡‘Ǧ ”ƒœ‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹˜ƒǣ†ƒ‰Ž‹ƒ––—ƒŽ‹Ž‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ‡‘’’‘”–—‹–’‡”‹Žˆ—–—”‘dzǡ‹ǤƒŽŽ‹‘–‘ǡǤ ƒ— ‹‹ȋ‡†•ǤȌǡEuropa 2.0. Prospettive ed evoluzioni del sogno europeoǡ‡”‘ƒǡǦ „”‡‘”–‡ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’’Ǥ͵ͲǦͶ͵Ǥ ͳʹDzȏǥȐ‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”†‘ –”‹‡•‘™ —””‡–ǡ‘Ž›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•‰‹˜‡•†—‡”‡ ‘Ǧ ‰‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†•‡‡•–‘ƒ††”‡••–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡„› †‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•‹‰‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‹ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†„›†‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹•‹‰–Š‡•–ƒ–‡dzǢǤ ‹”•–ǡDz‡Ǧ ‡™‹‰ ‡‘ ”ƒ › –Š”‘—‰Š ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•dzǡ ‹ Political Quarterlyǡ ‘ŽǤ ͹͵ǡ ‘Ǥ Ͷǡ ʹͲͲʹǡ ’’ǤͶͲͻǦʹͳǤ ͳ͵DzŠ‡‘–‹‘‹ Ž—†‡• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒŽŽ™Š‘ ™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒˆˆ‡ –‡†„›–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘‘”–Š‡‹””‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•ǣ–Š‹•‹•–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ’ƒ”–ǤŽ•‘ǡ ƒŽŽƒ‰”‡‡–Šƒ–‹–‹ Ž—†‡•†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰„›‡ƒ•‘ˆƒ”‰—‡–•‘ˆˆ‡”‡†„›ƒ†–‘’ƒ”Ǧ –‹ ‹’ƒ–•™Š‘ƒ”‡ ‘‹––‡†–‘–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†‹’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ‹–›ǣ–Š‹•‹•–Š‡†‡Ǧ Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ’ƒ”–dzǢ Ǥ Ž•–‡” ȋ‡†ǤȌǡ Deliberative Democracyǡ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡ ƒ”˜ƒ”† ‹˜‡”•‹–› ”‡••ǡͳͻͻͺǡ’ǤͺǤ–Š‡•‡–‘’‹ ••‡‡Ǥ‹ˆ—Ž ‘ǡDemocrazia partecipativa e democrazia deliberativaǡ’ƒ’‡”’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹ Ž‘”‡ ‡ǡDzƒ†‡‘ ”ƒœ‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹Ǧ ˜ƒ‹ –ƒŽ‹ƒ‡‹—”‘’ƒǣ‡•’‡”‹‡œ‡‡’”‘•’‡––‹˜‡dzǡʹǦ͵’”‹ŽʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ•–”‹†Ǧ ‘Ž‹‡Ǥ‹–Ȁ ‘”‡Ǧ‡Ǧ•–Ȁ–—†‹ǦǦ”‹ Ȁ‹ˆ—Ž ‘̴†‡‘ ”ƒœ‹ƒǦ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹˜ƒǦǦʹǦ̴ ‹”‡œ‡̴ʹǦ͵̴Ͷ̴ͲͻǤ †‘ Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͳͶ ‡‡ Ǥ ƒ„‡”ƒ•ǡ The Post-National Constellation and the Future of Democracyǡ ƒ„”‹†‰‡ǡ‘Ž‹–›”‡••ǡʹͲͲͳǤ ͳͷŠ‡†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘™ƒ•ˆ‹”•–—•‡†™‹–Š”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡–‘–Š‡ƒ„•‡ ‡‘ˆŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’‘™‡”•‘ˆ 

͸ͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‰ƒ’„‡–™‡‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ǡ•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰—”‘’‡™‹–Š ƒ „‘––‘Ǧ—’ ’”‘ ‡••Ǥͳ͸ †”‡™ ‘”ƒ˜ •‹ǯ• ’‘•‹–‹‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”• ƒŽ–‘‰‡–Š‡” ƒ•Š‡ƒ‹–ƒ‹•–Š‡”‡‹•‘†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ †‡ˆ‹ ‹–‹–Š‡•‹ ‡ ‹–•–‡• ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ™‹ŽŽ–‘–”ƒ•ˆ‡”’ƒ”–•‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‘˜‡”‡‹‰Ǧ –›–‘ƒƒ‰‡ ‘‘’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥͳ͹ ‘–Š‡” ’‘‹– ‘ˆ ˜‹‡™ ‘ †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ › •—‰‰‡•–• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡‡†–‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡™‹–Š‡“—ƒŽ ‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ†‡“—ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•‹•–Š‡ˆ‘—†ƒǦ –‹‘‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ ›ȋmoral value of deliberationȌǤͳͺ ‘’Ž‡šƒ†—Ž–‹Ǧ–‹‡”•›•–‡••— Šƒ•–Š‡ƒ”‡‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆƒ ‹š‡†‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›ǡ†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ† ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”— Šƒ•Šƒ’’‡•‘ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡ŽǤ – ‹•‘–‡ƒ•›ƒ›™ƒ›–‘ƒ†ƒ’––Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•–Š‡‘”‹‡•ƒ††”‡••‹‰†‡‘ ”ƒ › ‘ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž–‘ƒ’Ž—”ƒŽ‹•–‹ —Ž–‹ǦŽƒ›‡”ǡ—Ž–‹ǦŽ‡˜‡Žƒ† ‘’‘—† †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ͳͻ•— Šƒ•–Š‡–›’‡‡š‹•–‹‰‹–Š‡ǤʹͲ

 –Š‡‹Ǥƒ”“—ƒ†ǡParliament for Europeǡ‘†‘ǡ ‘ƒ–Šƒƒ’‡ǡͳͻ͹ͻǤ ‘””‡ ‡– ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•ƒ†Žƒ”‰‡†‡„ƒ–‡‘–Š‡ǯ•†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ †‡ˆ‹ ‹–ǡ•‡‡Ǥ ‡•‡ǡDzŠ‡‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ‡ˆ‹ ‹–‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘dzǡ‹Living Reviews in Democracyǡ ‘ŽǤ ͳǡ ‘Ǥ ͳǦʹ ȋʹͲͲͻȌǡ ƒŽ•‘ ‘Ž‹‡ ƒ– Š––’ǣȀȀ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǤŽ‹˜‹‰”‡˜‹‡™•Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹†‡šǤ’Š’Ȁ Ž”†Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ˜‹‡™ȀŽ”†ǦʹͲͲͻǦʹȀͺǢ Ǥ ‹––„‡”‰‡”ǡ Dz‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ ‘˜‡”Ǧ ƒ ‡”ǡ‹Ǥ‰ƒǡǤ—‰‡–ǡǤǤƒ–‡”•‘ȋ‡†•ǤȌǡResearch Agendas in EU Studies. Stal- king the Elephantǡƒ•‹‰•–‘‡ǡƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‡ƒ ‹ŽŽƒǡʹͲͳͲǡ’’Ǥͳ͵ͶǦ͸͹Ǥ ͳ͸‡‡Ǥ‡ ǡǤ ”ƒ†‡ǡDz‘•‘’‘Ž‹–ƒ‹•ǣ—”‘’‡ǯ•ƒ›—–‘ˆ ”‹•‹•dzǡ‹ Euro- pean Journal of Social Theoryǡ‘ŽǤͳͲǡ‘ǤͳȋʹͲͲ͹Ȍǡ’’Ǥ͸͹ǦͺͷǤ ͳ͹‡‡Ǥ‘”ƒ˜ •‹ǡWhy the European Union Strengthens the State: Domestic Politics and International Cooperationǡ ƒ”˜ƒ”† ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ ‡–‡” ˆ‘” —”‘’‡ƒ –—†‹‡• ȋ ‘”‹‰ƒ’‡”ͷʹȌǡͳͻͻͶǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡•Ǥˆƒ•ǤŠƒ”˜ƒ”†Ǥ‡†—Ȁ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ’†ˆ•Ȁ‘ ”ƒ˜ •‹ͷʹǤ’†ˆǢ IbidǤǡ Dz  ‡ˆ‡ ‡ ‘ˆ Ǯ‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ‡ˆ‹ ‹–ǯǣ ‡ƒ••‡••‹‰ ‡‰‹–‹ƒ › ‹ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ‹‘”ǡ‹Journal of Common Market Studiesǡ‘ŽǤͶͲǡ‘ǤͶȋʹͲͲʹȌǡ’’Ǥ͸Ͳ͵ǦʹͶǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’”‹ ‡–‘Ǥ‡†—Ȁ̱ƒ‘”ƒ˜ •ȀŽ‹„”ƒ”›Ȁ†‡ˆ‹ ‹–Ǥ’†ˆǤ‹–Š‘—–‡–‡”‹‰–Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡ ‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ†‡‘•ƒ††‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ †‡ˆ‹ ‹–ǡˆ‘”ƒ†‡„ƒ–‡‘”‡ Ž‘•‡Ž›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹•ƒ†‡–‘ǤƒŽƒ†”‹‘ȋ‡†ǤȌǡUn popolo per l’Europa unita. Tra dibattito storico e nuove prospettive teoriche e politicheǡ ‹”‡œ‡ǡŽ• Š‹ǡʹͲͲͶ ͳͺ ‘”ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘‡’‹•–‡‹ Ȁ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘”ƒŽȀ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡Ǧ Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹‘•‡‡ǤǤ”‹•‡ǡ Deliberation and the Democratic Legitimacy in the EU. Are Working Agreements the Most that Can Be Expected?ǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ•Ž‘ȋ‡–”‡ ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ƒ–—†‹‡•ǡ‘”‹‰ƒ’‡”‘ǤͺȌǡ’”‹ŽʹͲͲ͸ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ”‡ƒǤ—‹‘Ǥ‘Ȁ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ȁ™‘”‹‰Ǧ’ƒ’‡”•ʹͲͲ͸Ȁ’ƒ’‡”•Ȁ™’Ͳ͸̴ͲͺǤ’†ˆǤ  ͳͻ‡‡Ǥ ƒ„„”‹‹ǡCompound Democracies: Why The United States and Europe Are Be- coming Similarǡšˆ‘”†ǡ‡™‘”ǡǤǤǡšˆ‘”†‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••ǡʹͲͲ͹Ǣ IbidǤǡThe Consti- 

͹Ͳ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

•ˆ‘” ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ–Š‡‹••—‡‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ ›•–ƒ†•‘—–ǣ ’Žƒ›‡”•ˆ”‘‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ”‡˜‡”›Š‡–‡”‘‰‡‡‘—•‹–‡”•‘ˆ –Š‡‹” •–”— –—”‡•ǡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǡ ƒ –‹‘ ‡–Š‘†• ƒ† ƒ‹•Ǥ Š‡Šƒ• ‘– ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ› ”—Ž‡• ‘” ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• –‘ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› –Š‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‰”‘—’•‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡ Žƒ‹•ˆ”‘–Š‘•‡”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰’”‹˜ƒ–‡ǡ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘”•‡ –‘”Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–‡”‡•–•ǡƒ†–‘ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›”‡‰—Žƒ–‡Ž‘„„›‹‰ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ǥ• ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ–Š‡Šƒ•ƒ†‘’–‡†ƒŠ‹‰Š†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆˆŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹–›”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡‘Ǧ –‹‘‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ•‡ƒ–‹ Ž—†‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”–Š‡‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹– •‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ •ǡ™‹–Šƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡–™‘”•‘ˆƒ••‘Ǧ ‹ƒ–‹‘•‘–‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‡•• ƒ†Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ ›ƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ‡ ‘‘‹ —–‹Ž‹–› ƒ†–Š‡†‡ˆ‡ ‡‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‹–‡”‡•–•ȋƒ‡Ž›‹†—•–”‹ƒŽƒ†ˆƒ”‹‰ƒ•Ǧ •‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ȌǤʹͳ•‹–‡”‡•–‰”‘—’•‘”Ž‘„„‹‡•ǡ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”ƒ”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡

 tutionalisation of a Compound Democracy: Comparing the European Union with the Ame- rican Experience ȋ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ‹• ‡„Ǧƒ’‡”•ǡ ‘„ǡ ‘Ǥ ͵Ȍǡ ʹͲͲͺǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ „ƒ–ŠǤƒ Ǥ—Ȁ‡•ŽȀ ‘Ȁ‘™‡„ΨʹͲ’ƒ’‡”•Ǧˆ‹Ž‡•–‘”‡Ȁ ‘™‡„͵ǦʹͲͲͺǤ’†ˆǤ ʹͲ‡‡Ǥ òŽŽ‡”ǡDz‘ ‡’–—ƒŽ‹•‹‰ ‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ˜‘Ž˜‡‡– ‹  ‡ ‹•‹‘ƒ‹‰Ǧ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•ˆ”‘‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŠ‡‘”›dzǡ‹Acta Politica, ‘ŽǤ Ͷͷǡ ‘Ǥ ͵ ȋ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲȌǡ ’’Ǥ ʹͻͺǦ͵ͳͻǤ Š‡ —–Š‘” ƒˆˆ‹”• –Šƒ– ‘ ‘‡ Šƒ• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ƒ’Žƒ—•‹„Ž‡Ǧ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ –Š‡‘”›‘ˆƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘ Ž—†‡• –Šƒ– ‘Ž› ƒ ”‡•–”‹ –‡† ˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ †‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡– ‹  †‡ ‹•‹‘ ƒ‹‰‹•˜‹ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ƒ•ƒ’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆŽ‹ – „‡–™‡‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽƒ –‘”••‡‡ Ǥ Š‹‡Žˆ‡‹‰ǡThe Normative Origins of Democracy in the European Union: Towards a Transformationalist Theory of Democratizationǡƒ–‹‘Ǧ ƒŽ‡–”‡‘ˆ‘’‡–‡ ‡‹‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ™‹–œ‡”Žƒ†ȋŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–‘‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹ –Š‡ʹͳ•–‡–—”›ǡ‘”‹‰ƒ’‡”‘Ǥ͵ͻǡ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ”Ǧ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǥ —œŠǤ ŠȀ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ȁ™‘”‹‰’ƒ’‡”Ȁ’†ˆȀ͵ͻǤ’†ˆǤ ʹͳ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›Dz ƒ‡˜‡”–Š‡Ž‡••„‡—•‡†ƒ••Š‘”Ǧ –Šƒ†–‘”‡ˆ‡”–‘ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•™Š‹ Š‹ Ž—†‡ǣ–Š‡Žƒ„‘—”Ǧƒ”‡–’Žƒ›‡”•ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ –”ƒ†‡—‹‘•ƒ†‡’Ž‘›‡”•ˆ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ȃ–Š‡Ǯ•‘ ‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‡”•ǯȌǢ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•”‡’”‡•‡Ǧ –‹‰•‘ ‹ƒŽƒ†‡ ‘‘‹ ’Žƒ›‡”•ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡‘–•‘ ‹ƒŽ’ƒ”–‡”•‹–Š‡•–”‹ –•‡•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡” ȋˆ‘” ‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ ‘•—‡” ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ȌǢ  • ȋ‘Ǧ‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Š„”‹‰’‡‘’Ž‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”‹ƒ ‘‘ ƒ—•‡ǡ•— Šƒ•‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Š—ƒ”‹‰Š–•‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Šƒ”‹–ƒ„Ž‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†–”ƒ‹‹‰‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒǦ –‹‘•ǡ ‡– ǤǢ • ȋ ‘—‹–›Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•Ȍǡ ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘••‡–—’™‹–Š‹ •‘ ‹‡–›ƒ–‰”ƒ••”‘‘–•Ž‡˜‡Ž™Š‹ Š’—”•—‡‡„‡”Ǧ‘”‹‡–‡†‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ›‘—–Š‘”‰ƒ‹Ǧ •ƒ–‹‘•ǡˆƒ‹Ž›ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†ƒŽŽ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹ Š ‹–‹œ‡•’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹ Ž‘ ƒŽƒ†—‹ ‹’ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡Ǣƒ†”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—• ‘—‹–‹‡•dzǢǡCommunication from the Com- mission: Towards a Reinforced Culture of Consultation and Dialogue -- General Principles 

͹ͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

ˆ‘”ƒŽȋ ‘‹––‡‡•Ȍƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•›•–‡•ƒ†’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒˆ‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ†‡ ‹•‹‘ƒ‹‰Ǥʹʹ•ƒ”‡•—Ž––Š‡‹””‘Ž‡Šƒ•„‡Ǧ ‘‡‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ–‹ƒŽŽ—”‘’‡ƒ’—„Ž‹ ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ʹ͵ƒ†‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ™‹–Š –Š‡  ƒ† –Š‡ Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ”‡ ‘‰‹•‡† ƒ• ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǯ• —”‘’‡ƒ  ‘‘‹  ƒ† ‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ȋȌƒŽ‘‰•‹†‡–Š‡–”ƒ†‡—‹‘•ƒ†‡’Ž‘›‡”•Ǥ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡ƒˆ‘”‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ’ƒ”–‹Ǧ ‹’ƒ–‘”›ƒ†ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡ„‘–Š–Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ƒ†ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–• ‹ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰ Dz–Š‡ ‰‘‘† ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ǧ ‹‘dzȂ™Š‹ Š‹••–”‡‰–Š‡‡†„›–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›‹‹–Ž‡ Dz”‘˜‹•‹‘• ‘‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•dzǡ”–Ǥͳʹ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†”‡‰—Žƒ–‡†„›”‘–‘ ‘Ž ‘Ǥͳ‘–Š‡‘Ž‡‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘Ȃƒ† –Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡‰‹‘•ƒ†Ž‘ ƒŽƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ”‡‰‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ”‘—’‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ȋ Ȍ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ʹͲͲ͸Šƒ˜‡–‘„‡–ƒ‡‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡’‡ —Ž‹ƒ” ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•‹•–‘„‡–‡•–‡†™‹–Š •’‡ ‹ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡–‘–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•„‡–™‡‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‰‘˜‡”‡–•ƒ† –Š‡ǤʹͶŠ‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ƒ† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ–‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›’ƒ”Ǧ –‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Ǥʹͷ  and Minimum Standards for Consultation of Interested Parties by the Commissionǡ”—•Ǧ •‡Ž•ǡ ȋ ʹͲͲʹȀ͹ͲͶ ˆ‹ƒŽȌǡ ͳͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͲʹǡ ’Ǥ ͸ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹ ‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹αǣʹͲͲʹǣͲ͹ͲͶǣ ǣ‡ǣ Ǥ ʹʹ‡‡Ǥ ‹‡”Ž‡ƒǡǤ‘ŠŽˆƒ”–ŠǡA Revolution in Disguise: The European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ȋ’‘–Ž‹‰Š– —”‘’‡ǡ ͹ȀʹͲͳͲȌǡ —‰—•– ʹͲͳͲǡ ’Ǥ ʹǡ Š––’ǣȀȀƒ‡‹Ǥ’‹––Ǥ‡†—ȀͳͶͺ͹ͳȀ ͲͳȀš •̴„•–̴†•̴͵ʹͲͻͲ̴͵ʹͲͻͳ̴ʹǤ’†ˆǤ‡‡ƒŽ•‘ǤǤƒ” Š‡––‹ǡDemocrazia e partecipa- zione nell’Unione europeaǡ‹Žƒ‘ǡ ”ƒ ‘‰‡Ž‹ǡʹͲͲͻǤ ʹ͵‡‡Ǥ—œœƒǡEU Public Policies and the Participation of Organized Civil Societyǡ‹Ǧ Žƒǡ‹’ƒ”–‹‡–‘†‹•–—†‹•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹†‡ŽŽǯ‹˜‡”•‹–†‹‹Žƒ‘ȋ‘”‹‰ƒǦ ’‡”Ȍ ʹ͵ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͲͷǡ ’’Ǥ ͵͵ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•‘ ‹‘ŽǤ—‹‹Ǥ‹–Ȁ’ƒ’‡”•ȀʹͲͲͷǦͳͳǦʹ͵̴ƒ”Ž‘ ΨʹͲ—œœƒǤ’†ˆǤ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ Ǥ ”‡‡™‘‘†ǡ Interest Representation in the European Union ȋʹ†‡†ǤȌǡƒ•‹‰•–‘‡ǡƒŽ‰”ƒ˜‡ƒ ‹ŽŽƒǡʹͲͲ͹Ǥ ʹͶ‡‡”–ǤͳʹǤ ʹͷ‡‡ ȋ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ȍ, European Parliament Needs to Be Hub for National MPsǡ‹–‡”˜‹‡™„›‹Ž˜ƒƒ‘ ŠǦ‡Š”‹ǡ ‡”ƒŽ‹„‡”ƒŽȋŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ ‘ˆ ‹„‡”ƒŽ• ƒ† ‡‘ ”ƒ–• ˆ‘” —”‘’‡ ”‘—’Ȃ ”‘—’Ȍ ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ‹ ‡Ǧ”‡•‹†‡–ǡ ‹ ‘Ž‹‡ Dz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡ Ͷ  –‘„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ ˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‡—Ȁ‡’Ǧ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǧ‡‡†•Ǧ„‡ǦŠ—„Ǧƒ–‹‘ƒŽǦ’•Ǧ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ǦͶͻͺͳͶ͹Ǥ

͹ʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‡‰‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ–‡””‹–‘”‹ƒŽƒ†Ž‘ ƒŽˆ‘”•‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹‹Ǧ †‹˜‹†—ƒŽ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽ›”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ•Šƒ˜‹‰ƒ‹•–‹–—Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽ”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡ƒƒ•–”‹ Š–”‡ƒ–›ǡ™Š‹ Š‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†–Š‡‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ ‡‰‹‘• ȋ‘Ȍ ‹ ͳͻͻͶǡ Šƒ˜‡ ‰”‘™ ‹ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ „‘–Š ‹ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‘—‹–› ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡• ƒ† ‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰  ’”‘˜‹•‹‘•Ǥ Š‹• •–”‡••‡• –Š‡‹”‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ•’Žƒ›‡”•‹–Š‡ǯ•†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ Ž‹ˆ‡ƒ†ƒ•–Š‡Ž‹• „‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡Ž‘ ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•Ǥʹ͸

1. THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INITIATIVE (ECI)

1.1. Citizens’ initiatives and direct democracy in the EU: a short outline

”‡•‡–†ƒ›†‡‘ ”ƒ ‹‡•‘ˆˆ‡”ˆ‘—”Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹•–”—‡–•‘ˆ†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǣ

ͳሻƒ†ƒ–‘”›”‡ˆ‡”‡†—‘ ‡”–ƒ‹‹••—‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•Ž‡‰ƒŽŽ›„‹†‹‰Ǥ ʹȌˆƒ —Ž–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡ˆ‡”‡†—ǡ ƒŽŽ‡†ƒ––Š‡™‹ŽŽ‘ˆƒ’—„Ž‹ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›ǡ„‹†Ǧ ‹‰‘”‘–Ǧ„‹†‹‰Ǥ ͵Ȍ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘ŽŽ‡ – •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• –‘ ƒŽŽ ƒ ”‡ˆ‡Ǧ ”‡†—‘ƒ‰‹˜‡†”ƒˆ–’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤ ͶȌ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•ƒagenda-setting instrumentǡƒ‹‡†ƒ– ‘ŽŽ‡ –Ǧ ‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ˆ‘”ƒ„‹ŽŽ–‘„‡†‹• —••‡†„›ƒ’—„Ž‹ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–›‹˜‡•–‡† ™‹–Š–Š‡’‘™‡”–‘†‡ ‹†‡™Š‡–Š‡”‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ ‡’–‡†‘”†‡‹‡†Ǥʹ͹  ʹ͸ ‘”ƒ„”‹‡ˆƒƒŽ›•‹•‘†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡—†‡”–Š‡‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–›•‡‡ Ǥƒ›‘”ƒŽǡDemocratic Improvements in the European Union under the Lisbon Treaty. Institutional Changes regarding Democratic Government in the EUǡ Ž‘”‡ ‡ǡ —”‘’‡ƒ‹‘‡‘ ”ƒ ›„•‡”˜ƒ–‘”›ȋȌ ǡǡ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͳǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—‹Ǥ‡—Ȁ”‘Œ‡ –•ȀǦ •–‹–—–‹‘•Ȁ‘ —‡–•Ȁ”‡’‘”–ͻʹʹͲͳͳǤ’†ˆǤ ʹ͹†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›•‡‡Ǥ Š‹ŽŽ‡”ǡDz‘†‡”‹”‡ –‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹—”‘’‡Ǥ›ƒǦ ‹ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‘ŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•”ǡ‹ Ǥ‡‡ǡǤƒ—ˆƒȋ‡†•ǤȌǡGlobal Citizens in Charge. How Modern Direct Democracy Can Make Our Representative Democracies Truly Repre- sentativeǡ ‡‘—Ž ȋ‘”‡ƒȌ ‡‘ ”ƒ › ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ ʹͲͲͻǡ ’’Ǥ ͳ͵ͳǦͶͷǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹”‹Ǧ ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁˆ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁ—•‡”̴—’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ’†ˆȀ Ž‘„ƒŽΨʹͲ ‘”—ΨʹͲ—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ’†ˆǢ Ǥ ‡‡Ǧ †‹–‡”ǡDemocrazia diretta. Più potere ai cittadiniǡ‘”‹‘ǡ‘†ƒǡʹͲͲͺǤ ‘”ƒ—’–‘†ƒ–‡ ƒ ‘—– ‘ˆ †‹”‡ – †‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹•–”—‡–•ǯ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† •‡‡ ‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡• ’”‘˜‹†‡† „› ʹ Ǧ ‡–”‡ ˆ‘” ‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘ ‹”‡ – ‡‘ ”ƒ › ȋŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ʹ†Ǥ ŠȀ‹‡”Ǥ’Š’ǫ–ƒ„Ž‡α††̴†„ȌǤ ‘”ƒƒ”–‹ Ž‡‘„‘–Š–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’„‡–™‡‡†‹”‡ – 

͹͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

Ž›‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‹ Ž—†‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǦƒ‰‡†ƒ•‡––‹‰‹Ǧ •–”—‡–•Ȃ –ƒŽ›ǡŽ‘˜‡‹ƒǡ —‰ƒ”›ǡ‘”–—‰ƒŽǡ‘ƒ‹ƒǡ—•–”‹ƒǡ’ƒ‹ǡ ‹–Š—ƒ‹ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†• ሺ–Š‡ Žƒ––‡” ‘Ž› •‹ ‡ ʹͲͲ͸ሻ ™‹–Š ‹‹Ǧ —ƒ†Š‡•‹‘–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•„‡–™‡‡ͲǤͲͺ’‡” ‡–‘ˆ˜‘–‡”•ሺͷͲǡͲͲͲ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡•ˆ‘” –ƒŽ›ሻƒ†ͳǤͶ͵’‡” ‡–ሺ‹–Š—ƒ‹ƒሻǤŽ›–™‘‘ˆ–Š‘•‡™‹–ŠƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽ‹•–”—‡–•”‡“—‹”‡Š‹‰Š‡”–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•ሺŽ‘˜ƒ‹ƒƒ†ƒ–˜‹ƒሻǤ‡˜Ǧ ‡”ƒŽ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ƒ‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ˆ‘” ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ†”‡ˆ‡Ǧ ”‡†ƒ ƒ– ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ሺ—•–”‹ƒǡ ‡”ƒ›ǡ ’ƒ‹ǡ ™‡†‡ ƒ† ‘ŽŽƒ†ሻƒ† Ž‘ ƒŽ ሺ‡Ž‰‹—ǡ ‡”ƒ›ǡ –ƒŽ›ǡ —š‡„‘—”‰ǡ Ž‘˜‡‹ƒǡ ’ƒ‹ ƒ† —Ǧ ‰ƒ”›ሻŽ‡˜‡Ž•ǡ™Š‹Ž‡™‹–œ‡”Žƒ†ƒ†–Š‡ሺ‹–™‡–›Ǧˆ‘—”•–ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡†‡”ƒ–‹‘ሻ‘ˆˆ‡”‹–”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒǤʹͺ  ‡”ƒ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡‘ ”ƒ–‡„‡”ǡ ò”‰‡‡›‡”ǡ’—––Š‡•—‰‰‡•Ǧ –‹‘‘ˆƒ—”‘’‡ƒ ƒ––Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘˜‡–‹‘‹ƒ›ʹͲͲ͵Ǥʹͻ ‡ ™ƒ••—’’‘”–‡†„›‡Š”‡‘”ƒ–‹‡‡ǤǤǡƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ ŠŠƒ†ƒŽ•‘ –ƒ„Ž‡†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ˆ‘”ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•–‘„‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡†”ƒˆ–‘•–‹–—Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›ǡƒ•ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒ—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ”‡ˆ‡Ǧ

 †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•ƒ†–Š‡‘‡„‡–™‡‡†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†‹‘”‹–›”‹‰Š–• •‡‡ǤŽ„‡”ǡDz‹”‡ –‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǣ”‹˜‹‰ ‘” ‡ˆ‘”ƒ‡™‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‡†‡”ƒŽ—Ž–—”‡ǫ”‹ The Federalist Debateǡ‘ŽǤʹ͵ǡ‘Ǥͳȋƒ” ŠʹͲͳͳȌǡ’’Ǥ͵ͳǦ͵ͶǤ ʹͺ ‘”ƒ ‘’ƒ”ƒ–‹˜‡•–—†›‘†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†–Š‡•‡‡ Ǥ‡†‡œǡǤ‡Ǧ †‡œǡǤ”‹‰ƒǡDilemmas of Direct Democracy: The European Union from Comparative Per- spectiveǡ ‡‡˜ƒȋʹ‘”‹‰ƒ’‡”‡”‹‡•Ǣ͵ͲȀʹͲͲͺȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ʹ†Ǥ ŠȀˆ‹Ž‡•Ȁʹ̴ ͵ͲǤ’†ˆǤ ‘”ƒ‰—‹†‡‘–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡–•‘ˆ†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Ž‘ ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ –”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•‡‡Ǥƒ—ˆƒǡǤò Š‹ǡǤ”ƒ—ǡGuidebook to Direct Democracy in Switzerland and Beyondǡ ƒ”„—”‰ǡ  ǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹”‹Ǧ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁˆ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁ —•‡”̴—’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ’†ˆȀ ͳͲǤ’†ˆǤ ʹͻ‡‡ Ǥ‡›‡”ǡSuggestion for Amendment to Article I-46 of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europeǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡—Ǥ‹–Ȁ‘ •Ȁ”‡ƒ–›Ȁ’†ˆȀ͵ͶȀ͵Ͷ̴ ”–ΨʹͲ ΨʹͲͶ͸ΨʹͲ‡›‡”ΨʹͲǤ’†ˆǤ ‘”•‹‹Žƒ”’”‘’‘•ƒŽ••‡‡ƒŽ•‘ǣ Ǥ‘””‡ŽŽǡǤƒ”Ǧ ‡”‘ǡǤǤ ƒ””‹†‘, Suggestion for Amendment to Article 34 of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europeǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡—Ǥ‹–Ȁ‘ •Ȁ”‡ƒ–›Ȁ’†ˆȀ͵ͶȀ”–͵Ͷ „‹•‘””‡ŽŽǤ’†ˆǢǤƒƒ••‘—”‡ǡSuggestion for Amendment to Article 34 of the Treaty Esta- blishing a Constitution for EuropeǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡—Ǥ‹–Ȁ‘ •Ȁ”‡ƒ–›Ȁ’†ˆȀ ͵ͶȀƒ”–͵Ͷ„‹•ƒƒ••‘—”‡Ǥ’†ˆ ȋ–Š‹• ƒ‡†‡– ’”‘’‘•‡† –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ”‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ’‡–‹–‹‘ ƒ†–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆƒ—”‘’‡ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡†—‘—”‘’‡ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘–Š‡”ƒ–‹ˆ‹Ǧ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ˆ‘”–”‡ƒ–‹‡•ȌǢ Ǥ‘‰‰‡Š—„‡”ǡǤƒ‰‡‡”ǡǤƒ ‘”‹ ǡǤ‹ Š–‡„‡”‰‡”ǡ Ǥƒ‰›ǡSuggestion for Amendment to Article 34 of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for EuropeǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡—Ǥ‹–Ȁ‘ •Ȁ”‡ƒ–›Ȁ’†ˆȀ͵ͶȀ”–͵Ͷ‘‰‰‡Š—„‡”Ǥ’†ˆǤ

͹Ͷ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

”‡†—–‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡ƒ›ƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘Ǥ͵Ͳ ŽŽ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ ™‡”‡ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† „› –Š‡ ”‡•‹†‹— ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘˜‡–‹‘‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™Š‹ Š™ƒ•‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡ ”ƒˆ–”‡ƒ–›‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘‘ˆ—”‘’‡ǡƒ’’”‘˜‡† ‹ —‡ ʹͲͲ͵„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘˜‡–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡‹–”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡Ǧ ‡–‘ˆƒ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǣDz‘Ž‡••–Šƒ‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡• ‘‹‰ ˆ”‘ ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•dz ȋ”–Ǥ ǦͶ͸ǡ DzŠ‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›dzǡ’ƒ”ƒͶǡ Draft Treaty estab- lishing a Constitution for Europe͵ͳȌǤ—„•‡“—‡–Ž›–Š‡ ™ƒ•‹ Ž—†‡† ‹”–Ǥ ǦͶ͹‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ƒ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ǡ™Š‹ Š ‹””‘”‡†–Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǡƒŽ„‡‹–™‹–Š‹‘” Šƒ‰‡•Ǥ͵ʹ ‹ ‡–Šƒ––‹‡ǡ–Š‡ ǡ‹ƒ”ƒ–Š‡”—‡š’‡ –‡†ƒ‡”ƒ†Šƒ”†Ž› ƒ›†‡„ƒ–‡ǡŠƒ••—”˜‹˜‡†–Š‡‹•ˆ‘”–—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ†‡•–ƒ„Ǧ Ž‹•Š‡† ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ǡ ƒ† Šƒ• „‡‡ ‹ Ž—†‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–›Ǥ͵͵ ‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒˆ–‡”‹–•‹ Ž—•‹‘‹–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›‹ ʹͲͲͶǡƒ„‘—––™‡–›’‹Ž‘–Dz‹ˆ‘”ƒŽdz—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•„›•ȋ‡„‡”•‘ˆ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ȍǡƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ”ƒ†‡‹‘•ȋ•Ȍƒ†ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ  ‡–™‘”•ǡ–‘–‡•––Š‡‹•–”—‡–ǡ‹˜‹‡™‘ˆ‹–•‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ•‘‡‘ˆ –Š‡‰‡––‹‰Š—‰‡•—’’‘”–Ǥ Š‡ •‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†’”‹‘”–‘–Š‡ ‘‹‰‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒǦ –› ™‡”‡ ‹ ˆƒ – —”‘Ǧ’‡–‹–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ™‡”‡ ‘•–Ž› ‡Ǧ‰ƒ–Š‡”‡† ™‹–Š‘—–‡Ǧƒ‹Ž˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘Ǥ͵ͶŠ‡›‹ Ž—†‡†ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǣDzŠ‡‡•‡ƒ–  ͵Ͳ‡Š”‡‘”ƒ–‹‡‡ǤǤǡ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ͳͻͺͺǡ‹•‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ –‹˜‡‹•–—†›‹‰–Š‡†‡Ǧ ˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ Ž‘ ƒŽǡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ †‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ† Šƒ• ”‡ƒ Š‡† ‰‘‘† ”‡•—Ž–•ǡ •— Š ƒ• ‹–”‘†— ‹‰ —‹ ‹’ƒŽ ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ ‹ ƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒ ‹ ͳͻͻͷ ƒ† ‹ ͳͻͻͺ ‹ ƒ„—”‰Ǥ ‡ ‡–Ž›‹–‹‹–‹ƒ–‡†ƒ ƒ’ƒ‹‰•–‹ŽŽ—†‡”™ƒ›ˆ‘”–Š‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡–‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”Ǧ ‡†ƒ‹ ‡”ƒ›ȋŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡Š”Ǧ†‡‘”ƒ–‹‡Ǥ†‡ȀȌǤ ͵ͳ‡‡Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe,”—••‡Ž•ȋȀͺͷͲȀͲ͵Ȍǡ ͳͺ —Ž›ʹͲͲ͵ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‘˜‡–‹‘Ǥ‡—Ǥ‹–Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ”‡ƒ–›Ȁ ˜ͲͲͺͷͲǤ‡Ͳ͵Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͵ʹ ‡‡ Treaty Establishing a Constitution for EuropeȋOJEUǡ  ͵ͳͲȌǡ ‘ŽǤ Ͷ͹ ȋͳ͸ ‡Ǧ ‡„‡” ʹͲͲͶȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͲͶǣ͵ͳͲǣ ͲͲͳͳǣͲͲͶͲǣǣ Ǥ ͵͵‡‡Ǥ—‡”ǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡ‹European Constitutional Law Reviewǡ ‘ŽǤͳǡ‘ǤͳȋʹͲͲͷȌǡ’’Ǥ͹ͻǦͺ͸Ǥ ͵Ͷ ‘”ƒ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡•Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡•‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰••‡‡Ǥ‡”‰ǡǤƒ”Ǧ Ž‹‡ǡǤƒ—ˆƒǡ Ǥ‡‹‡ǡǤƒŽŽ‹•ǡInitiative for Europe Handbook 2008: the Guide to 

͹ͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

ƒ’ƒ‹‰dzǡ’”‘‘–‡†ƒ‹Ž›„›‡„‡”•‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ȋ•Ȍ –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š ”—••‡Ž• ƒ• –Š‡ ‘Ž› •‡ƒ– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ǡ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡‘‰‘‹‰ ™ƒ•–‡‘ˆ–‹‡ƒ†‘‡›ˆ‘”–Š‡„ƒ ƒ†ˆ‘”–Šˆ”‘–”ƒ•„—”‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ Ž‡ƒ”›‡••‹‘•͵ͷǢDz‰ƒ‹•–— Ž‡ƒ”‡”‰›dzǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘‡†–Š‡—Ǧ ”ƒ–‘”‡ƒ–›ƒ†–‘’”‡˜‡––Š‡ ‘•–”— –‹‘‘ˆ‡™— Ž‡ƒ”ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•͵͸Ǣ Dz ‘”ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ‡ˆ‡”‡†—‘–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘dzǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘–”‹‰‰‡” ƒ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹˜‡’‘’—Žƒ”˜‘–‡‘–Š‡‡™—”‘’‡ƒ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ǡŽƒ— Š‡† ‹–Š‡•’”‹‰‘ˆʹͲͲ͹„›–Š‡‹‘‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–•ȋ Ȍƒ†‘ Ž‘‰‡”ƒ –‹˜‡ǢDz ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡŽƒ— Š‡†‹‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲ͸ „›ƒ‡–™‘”‘ˆ •ƒ†•–—†‡–‰”‘—’•–‘’”‘‘–‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›  ǯ• ’”‘ ‡†—”‡͵͹Ǣ Dz—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡ Žƒ— Š‡† ‹ ʹͲͲ͸ „›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡ –‹‘‡”˜‹ ‡ȋȂƒ ™Š‘•‡’—”’‘•‡ ‹•–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ† Šƒ‡Ž ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ––Š‡‘—‹–›Ž‡˜‡ŽȌ–‘‡•Ǧ –ƒ„Ž‹•Š ƒ ˆ‘”— ˆ‘” –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡”›ǡ ƒ† –‘ •–—†› ƒ† ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•Ǥ  Transnational Democracyǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‡ˆ‡”‡†— •–‹–—–‡ —”‘’‡ǡ ʹͲͲ͹ǡ ’’ǤͺǦͶ͸ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹”‹Ǧ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁˆ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁ—•‡”̴—’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ‡†‹ƒȀ  Ǧ ƒ†„‘‘ʹͲͲͺǤ ’†ˆǤ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘–Š‡ •‡‡ƒŽ•‘Ǥƒ—ˆƒǡ ǤǤ‹Ž Š‡”ȋ‡†•ǤȌǡThe Euro- pean Citizens’ Initiatives. Into New Democratic Territoryǡ‹‡ǡ –‡”•‡–‹ƒǡʹͲͳͲǤ ͵ͷ‡‡‡‡ƒ– ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǯ•™‡„•‹–‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‘‡•‡ƒ–Ǥ‡—ǤŠ‡”‡™‡”‡ͳǤͲ͸͹ǡͺ͵ͺ•‹‰ƒǦ –—”‡•’”‡•‡–‡†–‘–Š‡‘ͳͺ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͲ͸ǡ•—„•‡“—‡–Ž›ˆ‘”™ƒ”†‡†–‘–Š‡‘Ǧ ‹––‡‡‘‡–‹–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ȋƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡‘‹••‹‘‹–•‡ŽˆŠƒ†”—Ž‡†‘—––Šƒ––Š‡‹••—‡ ‘—Ž†„‡”ƒ‹•‡†„›ƒ ȌǤ‡‡™Šƒ––Š‡‡ ”‡–ƒ”› ‡‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡„”‹‡ˆ “—‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ•™‡”•ǣDz͹Ǥƒƒ †‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡•‡ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–‹ –”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǫ ‘ǡƒ‹‰ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘–Š‹•ƒ––‡”†‘‡•‘–ˆƒŽŽ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ –Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•’‘™‡”•ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‹•†‡–‡”‹‡†„› ‘‘ƒ ‘”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•dzǢ •‡‡ European Citizens’ Initiative, I. General Q&A on the European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ†‘ •Ȁˆƒ“̴‡ ‹̴ˆ‹ƒŽ̴˜‡”•‹‘̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ ‘”ƒ•–—†›‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –•‡‡ǤǤ ƒ’’ǡNon-decision on the “Seat Issue” of the European Parliament. The Politics of Agenda Setting in the European Unionǡ ƒ•–‡”• Š‡•‹•ǡ —„Ž‹  †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ  Š‘‘Ž ‘ˆ ƒǦ ƒ‰‡‡– Ƭ ‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ • Š‡†‡ǡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ ™‡–‡ǡ ‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•ǡ —‰—•– ʹͲͲͺǡ ’’Ǥͺ͸ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡••ƒ›Ǥ—–™‡–‡ǤŽȀͷͻͲͻͲȀͳȀ• ”‹’–‹‡̴̴ƒ’’Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͵͸‡‡–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǯ•™‡„•‹–‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹ŽŽ‹‘Ǧƒ‰ƒ‹•–Ǧ— Ž‡ƒ”Ǥ‡–Ȁ‹†‡šǤ’Š’Ǥ ͵͹  –Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‹–• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–• •‡‡ Ǥ ‡”‰ǡ News on the European Citizens’ Initiative (September 2009)ǡ ‡”ƒ‡– ‘”— ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž ‘ ‹‡–›ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥˆ‘”—Ǧ ‹˜‹ŽǦ•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ•’‹’Ǥ’Š’ǫƒ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͻͲǤŠ‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†‡Ǧ „ƒ–‡† Žƒ–‡” –‘‘ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹– ‹• ƒ –‹˜‡Ž› ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ’”‘‘–‹‰ –Š‡  Ǣ •‡‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ǥ

͹͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

1.2. The ECI in the Lisbon Treaty: legal basis and general features

Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǡ™Š‹ Š ‡–‡”‡†‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ͳ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡƒ†‹•ƒƒŒ‘” Šƒ‰‡Ǥ –‹•–Š‡ ˆ‹”•– †‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ‹•–”—‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‡š–‡†‹‰ –Š‡ ’‘™‡” –‘ ’”‘’‘•‡ –‘ –Š‡  Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡  ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ •›•–‡ǡ ’”‡Ǧ ˜‹‘—•Ž› ”‡•–”‹ –‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž ሺ•‹ ‡ ͳͻͷ͹ሻ ƒ† –Š‡  ሺ•‹ ‡ –Š‡ ƒƒ•–”‹ Š–”‡ƒ–› ƒ‡‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‹ͳͻͻ͵ሻǤ Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›‹•ƒ–‡‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ•‹–•–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ǣ

˹Dz–Š‡ ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˆ‘—†‡† ‘ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ ›dzሺ”–ǤͳͲǤͳሻǢ ˹Dz‹–‹œ‡• ƒ”‡ †‹”‡ –Ž› ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ– ‹‘ Ž‡˜‡Ž ‹ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–dz ƒ† Dz‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ‹ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘— ‹Ž„›–Š‡‹” ‡ƒ†•‘ˆ–ƒ–‡‘” ‘˜‡”‡–ƒ†‹–Š‡‘— ‹Ž„› –Š‡‹”‰‘˜‡”‡–•ǡ–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ ‘—–ƒ„Ž‡‡‹–Š‡”–‘ –Š‡‹”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ǡ‘”–‘–Š‡‹” ‹–‹œ‡•dzሺ”–ǤͳͲǤʹሻǢ ˹Dz˜‡”› ‹–‹œ‡•ŠƒŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  Ž‹ˆ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘Ǥ‡ ‹•‹‘••ŠƒŽŽ„‡–ƒ‡ƒ•‘’‡Ž›ƒ†ƒ• Ž‘•‡Ž›ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡dzሺ”–ǤͳͲǤ͵ሻǢ ˹Dz‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ–—”‘’‡ƒŽ‡˜‡Ž ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘ˆ‘”‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ†–‘‡š’”‡••‹‰–Š‡™‹ŽŽ‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ǧ ‹‘dzሺ”–ǤͳͲǤͶሻǤ

™‘’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ǣ ͳǤ”–ǤͳͳǤͶ‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡•Š‘™–Š‹•‹•–”—‡–‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ’ƒ”Ǧ –‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‡—•‡†ǣDz‘–Ž‡••–Šƒ‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹–‹œ‡•™Š‘ƒ”‡ƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽ•‘ˆƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ƒ›–ƒ‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ‹˜‹–‹‰–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ‹–•’‘™Ǧ ‡”•ǡ–‘•—„‹–ƒ›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘ƒ––‡”•™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘Ǧ •‹†‡”–Šƒ–ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡Ǧ ‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzǤ ʹǤ”–ʹͶǤͳ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘–Š‡ — –‹‘‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ ȋ Ȍ†‡ˆ‹‡•–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ†”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•–‘‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ ǣ DzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Žǡƒ –‹‰„›‡ƒ•‘ˆ”‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘•‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡‘”†‹ƒ”›Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ•ŠƒŽŽƒ†‘’–

͹͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͳ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘—”‘’‡ƒ ‹‘ǡ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹‹— —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• ˆ”‘ ™Š‹ Š •— Š ‹–‹œ‡•—•– ‘‡dzǤ Š‡ ‹•ƒ‹•–”—‡––‘„”‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹•‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ’‘Ǧ Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ †‡ƒ†•Ǣ ‹– †‹ˆˆ‡”• „‘–Š ˆ”‘ ‘–Š‡” †‹”‡ – †‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• Ȃ•— Šƒ•”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒȂƒ†ˆ”‘ˆ‘”•‘ˆ†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹’Ž‡Ǧ ‡–‡†–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š ‘’Ž‡š•‘ ‹ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ–ƒŽ‘ ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž ƒ†™Š‹ Š‹˜‘Ž˜‡˜ƒ”‹‘—••–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•Ǥ ˆƒ –‹–‹•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‡šƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ ƒ ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‰‡†ƒǦ•‡––‹‰ ‹•–”—‡– ‘ ƒ ‘–‹‡–ƒŽ • ƒŽ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ—‹‘™‹–Š‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ͵ͺ Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘‹••—‡•–Šƒ–—•–„‡†‡ƒŽ–™‹–Š„‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‡”’”‡–‹‰–Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡ ‹–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǣ

ƒሻ Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ—•‹‰ƒ ˆ‘”’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•–‘‘†‹ˆ›–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǥ „ሻŠ‡ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ • •—•–Šƒ˜‡Ǥ

1.3. Interpreting Art. 11, para 4 of the Lisbon Treaty on the use of ECIs to modify the treaties

Š‡‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͳ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ –‡ƒ„Ž‡• ‹–‹œ‡•Dz–‘–ƒ‡ –Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ‹˜‹–‹‰–Š‡ǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ‹–• ’‘™‡”•ǡ–‘ •—„‹– ƒ› ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ‘ ƒ––‡”• ™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘•‹†‡” –Šƒ–ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ –Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzǡ‘ƒ ‘—–‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Š–‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‰‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‘‹•Ǧ •‹‘ሺ”–Ǥͳ͹ǤʹሻǤ‘‡•‹–ƒŽ•‘‡ƒ„Ž‡ ‹–‹œ‡•–‘–ƒ‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘ •—„‹–’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–‘†‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•–‘–Š‡ሺ”–ǤͶͺǤʹ ሻǫ Šƒ–‡˜‡”–Š‡‘’‹‹‘‘–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ†˜‹•ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ•— Šƒ Š‘‹ ‡ǡ –Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡Ǧ‡–‹‘‡†’”‘’‘•ƒŽ—•–„‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ• ‡”–ƒ‹‡†ǣ ™Š‡–Š‡”ǡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘—”•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”†‹ƒ”› Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ȋ ‘Ǧ †‡ ‹•‹‘Ȍǡ–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‹–”‘†— ‡†–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›

 ͵ͺ ‘”ƒ„”‹‡ˆ†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ •‡‡Ǥ‡–—”ƒǡThe European Citizenship Initiative (ECI): A New Democratic Tool?Dz”‹‡ˆdzǡͺ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ–‡’•ƒǤ„‡Ȁ ΨʹͲ  ΨʹͲ ΨʹͲˆ‹ƒŽǤ’†ˆǤ

͹ͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‘ˆ•—„‹––‹‰’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•–‘ƒ‡†”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǣ‹–Š‡‡˜‡–‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ –‹ƒŽ’Žƒ‹–‹ˆˆ•Ȃ–Šƒ–‹•ǡ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ–†‘‘–Šƒ˜‡–‘†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ƒ› ‹–‡”‡•–‹–ƒ‹‰ƒ –‹‘ǡ„‡‹––Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‘”–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹•–‹Ǧ –—–‹‘•ǡȂ‘’’‘•‹‰‹–ǡ–Š‡› ‘—Ž†“—‡•–‹‘‹–•Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹–›‹–Š‡‘—”–‘ˆ —•Ǧ –‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ȋ Ȍȋ”–Ǥʹ͸͵ǡ’ƒ”ƒ•ͳǡʹǡ͵ȌǤ –Š‡ ȋ‘”‡Ž‹‡Ž›Ȍ‡˜‡––Šƒ––Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘”‡ƒ‹••‹Ž‡–‘–Š‡ƒ––‡”ǡ–Š‡ •ƒ‡’”‘„Ž‡ ‘—Ž†ƒ”‹•‡‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡‘ˆƒ ’‡–‹–‹‘‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ –‘ƒ‡†”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡‹••—‡”‡ƒ‹•—”‡•‘Ž˜‡†Ǥ͵ͻ–Š‡‘‡Šƒ†–Š‡”‡‹•‘•–ƒ–‡† ’”‘Š‹„‹–‹‘ǡ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”–Š‡Ž‹‹–•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽȋDz‘ƒ––‡”•™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzȌ™‘—Ž†ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘‡š Ž—†‡ƒ†‹”‡ –’”‘Ǧ ’‘•ƒŽ–‘ƒ‡†–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǥ ˆ‘‡™‡”‡–‘ƒ†‘’–ƒ„”‘ƒ†‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡–‡”•legal act ƒ†implementation of the Treaties,‹– ‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘‹Ǧ Ž—†‡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ˆ‘” ƒ‡†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡–‘ƒ‡†–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•ȋ”–ǤͶͺȌǡƒ†–Š—•„›‡š–‡•‹‘‹– ‘—Ž†ƒŽŽ‘™ƒ –‘’‡–‹–‹‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•—„‹––‹‰ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ–‘ ƒ‡†–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•ǤͶͲ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•‹†‡ƒ™ƒ•–—”‡††‘™„›–Š‡ǡͶͳ ƒ† ‘—Ž†„‡–ƒ„Ž‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹‘Ž›‹ˆ–Š‡ ȋ‘—”–‘ˆ —•–‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ‹‘Ȍ™‡”‡–‘‹••—‡ƒ’”‘‘— ‡‡–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒƒ’’‡ƒŽ„›–Š‡ ’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆƒ ȋ‹–Š‡‡˜‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‹”’”‘’‘•ƒŽŠƒ˜‹‰„‡‡”‡Œ‡ –‡†

 ͵ͻ‡ƒ”•‘–Š‹•’‘‹– ƒ„‡ˆ‘—†‹Ǥ‘œƒ‘ǡ–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ‡‘Ǧ ”ƒ ›ǣ–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡʹͲͲͺǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥˆ‘”—Ǧ ‹˜‹ŽǦ•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ  Ȁ’†ˆ̴–”‡‰Š– ‡‹‰̴—”‘’‡ƒ̴‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͶͲ‘–”ƒ Ǥ—‡”ǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡”,op. cit.,’ǤͺʹȋDzŠ‡ ‹•Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‘– ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽǣ – †‘‡• ‘– ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡• –Š‡ ”‹‰Š– –‘ Žƒ— Š –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ ƒ‡†‹‰–Š‡ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘dzȌƒ†ǤǤ‘’‡œǡDzŠ‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǯ•”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘‡‘ Ǧ ”ƒ–‹  ”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ǣ  ‡‰ƒŽ ”ƒ‡™‘” ˆ‘” ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› ‡‘ ”ƒ ›dzǡ ‹ European Public Lawǡ ‘ŽǤ ͳ͸ǡ‘ǤͳȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ’’Ǥͳ͵͹ǡͳʹ͵Ȃ͵ͺǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ —‡•–ƒ̴˜‹ –‘”̴͵̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ Ͷͳ‡‡™Šƒ–‹••–ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡•Š‘”–“—‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ•™‡”•‘–Š‡  ‹” —Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ ”‡–ƒ”› ‡‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ǣDzͺǤ‹ŽŽ ‹–‹œ‡•„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘Žƒ— Šƒ”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡• ™‹–Šƒ ǫ ‘Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ‘Ž› ‘ ‡”’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ‘ƒ––‡”•™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”Ǧ ’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzǡEuropean Citizens’ Initiative, I. General Q&A on the European Citizens’ InitiativeǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ –‹˜‡Ȁ†‘ •Ȁˆƒ“̴‡ ‹̴ˆ‹ƒŽ̴˜‡”•‹‘̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ

͹ͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘–Š‘•‡‰”‘—†•ȌǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡‘†‘—„–•–Šƒ–ƒ  ƒ„‡•—„‹––‡†ǡ‹ ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡‹’Ž‹‡†’‘™‡”•ƒ•”—Ž‡†„›”–Ǥ͵ͷʹ Ǥ

1.4. Assessing ECI features

Š‡•‡ ‘†‹••—‡ǡ–Šƒ–‹•ǡ–Š‡‘‡ ‘ ‡”‹‰  Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •ǡ‹•Ž‡•• •–”‹‹‰„—–ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹”‡•‘Ž˜‹‰†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†ƒ––‡”•ǡƒ†•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ› ™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡–‘„‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†‹†‡–ƒ‹ŽȂ ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡–‘‘‹•Ǧ •‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ȃ‘”‘–Ǥ Š‡ ƒ•™‡” –‘ –Š‹• “—‡•–‹‘ ‹• –‘ „‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ ”–Ǥ ͳͳ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ ™Š‹ Š”‡ˆ‡”•–‘ƒ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘’”‘’‘•‡ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‹ –Š‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™ƒ›•–Š‡•›•–‡™‘”•‹–‡”•‘ˆŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ ˆƒ ––Š‡‘‹••‹‘Šƒ•ƒ˜‹”–—ƒŽŽ›‡š Ž—•‹˜‡”‹‰Š––‘–ƒ„Ž‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ ȋ•‡‡”–Ǥͳ͹ǡ’ƒ”ƒʹȌƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡†—”‡•Ǥ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡƒ  ƒ‘–„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒŽƒ™’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•—„‹––‡†–‘ –Š‡ ‘’‡–‡–„‘†›Ȃƒ•Šƒ’’‡•‹‘–Š‡”•›•–‡••— Šƒ•–Šƒ–‘ˆ –ƒŽ›ǡ —•–”‹ƒǡ‘Žƒ†ƒ†’ƒ‹Ȃ„—–‹•ƒ‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡–‘ƒ‡•— Šƒ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤ ”–Ǥͳͳ‹•—‡“—‹˜‘ ƒŽ‘–Š‡ƒ––‡”ƒ†‹•ƒŽ•‘ ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š”Ǧ –‹ Ž‡•ʹʹͷͶʹƒ†ʹͶͳ‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡͶ͵™Š‹ Š‹†‡–‹ˆ›–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š‡ ƒ•–Š‡„‘†‹‡•™‹–Š–Š‡’‘™‡”–‘”‡“—‡•––Š‡–‘•—„‹–’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ǥ Š‹•‡ƒ•–Šƒ– ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ‘–„‡ƒ†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ –ǡƒ• –Š‡†”ƒˆ–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ –‹•—’–‘–Š‡Ǥ•–Š‡†”ƒˆ–‘‹••‹‘”‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘ •—‰‰‡•–•ǡ ‹– ‹• ‡‘—‰Š ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ „‡ †”ƒˆ–‡† ˜‡”› Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ™‹–Šƒ†‡ˆ‹‹–‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡–Šƒ–ˆƒŽŽ•™‹–Š‹–Š‡”‡‹–‘ˆ–Š‡ǯ• ‘’‡Ǧ –‡ ‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•„‡‹‰ƒ ‘’ƒ‹‡†„›ƒ Ž‡ƒ”ƒ† ‹” —•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ‘–‹Ǧ

 ͶʹDzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ›ǡƒ –‹‰„›ƒƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ‹–• ‘’‘‡–‡„‡”•ǡ ”‡“—‡•––Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘•—„‹–ƒ›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘ƒ––‡”•‘™Š‹ Š‹– ‘Ǧ •‹†‡”•–Šƒ–ƒ‹‘ƒ –‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘†‘‡•‘–•—„‹–ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ‹–•ŠƒŽŽ‹ˆ‘”–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡ƒ•‘•dzǤ Ͷ͵DzŠ‡‘— ‹Žƒ –‹‰„›ƒ•‹’Ž‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›ƒ›”‡“—‡•––Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘—†‡”–ƒǦ ‡ƒ›•–—†‹‡•–Š‡‘— ‹Ž ‘•‹†‡”•†‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ––ƒ‹‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‘‘„Œ‡ Ǧ –‹˜‡•ǡƒ†–‘•—„‹––‘‹–ƒ›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘†‘‡•‘–•—„‹–ƒ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ‹–•ŠƒŽŽ‹ˆ‘”–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘•dzǤ

ͺͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

˜ƒ–‹‘ǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘–•–”‹ –Ž›ˆ‘”„‹††‡ǡ ƒ†”ƒˆ–’”‘’‘•ƒŽ™‹–Šƒ”–‹ Ž‡•ͶͶ ‡‡†‘–„‡ƒ––ƒ Š‡†Ǥ •ƒ”‡•—Ž––Š‡ ‹• Ž‘•‡”–‘ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡•‹’Ž‡”Ǥ ‘™Ǧ ‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• Ž‡ƒ˜‡• –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ „”‘ƒ† †‹• ”‡–‹‘ƒ”› ’‘™‡”• –‘ †”ƒˆ– –Š‡ ˆ‹ƒŽ ˜‡”•‹‘ ƒ† ‹– ‡˜‡ ƒŽŽ‘™• –Š‡  –‘ †‡ ‹†‡ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‡   •Š‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†—’‘”‘–ȂƒŽ„‡‹–™‹–Š‹–Š‡Ž‹‹–•†‡• ”‹„‡†ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹–Š‡–‡š–Ǥ

1.5. Proposals and requests by the European Parliament

‹ ‡ʹͲͲͺǡ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•‘‹––‡‡ ሺ ሻŠƒ•„‡‡†‡„ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –‘ˆ •™‹–Š˜ƒ”‹‘—•Š‡ƒ”‹‰•‘ˆ ‡š’‡”–•ƒ†Ž‡ƒ†‹‰”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǤͶͷ  ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͲͻǡ –Š‡   ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ †”ƒˆ– ”‡’‘”– ”‡“—‡•–‹‰ –Š‡  ˆ‘” ƒ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ–‘‹’Ž‡‡– •ǡƒ––ƒ Š‹‰ ‡”–ƒ‹”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡‘‹––‡‡‡’‘”–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡ ‘‡†‡†–Šƒ–ǣ

˹–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡”‡“—‹”‡•–Šƒ– ‹–‹œ‡•ˆ”‘ƒ‹‹—‘ˆ‘‡ “—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•–ƒ‡’ƒ”–ǡƒ†–Šƒ– ͳǣͷͲͲ—•–•—’’‘”––Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹–Š‹‡ƒ Š‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘„‡Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡Ǣ ˹ƒŽŽ ‹–‹œ‡•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ”‹‰Š––‘˜‘–‡‹–Š‡‹” ‘—–”›ƒ›’ƒ”–‹ ‹Ǧ ’ƒ–‡‹ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǣ ˹–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ ‘’”‹•‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ‹˜‡•–ƒ‰‡•ǣ i. ”‡‰‹•–‡”‹‰–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰•’‡ ‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ ii. ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ǡ  ͶͶ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ – Ǥ ‰”ƒ˜ƒŽŽ‘„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ –‘ „‡ Dz‰‡Ǧ ‡”‹ dz‹–Šƒ–‹–†‘‡•‘–‡–‹‘–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ•—‰‰‡•–‡†‹–Š‡ ”‡‡ƒ’‡”ǡ–‘ƒ‡š‡ –Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽ†”ƒˆ–ƒ –ƒ†Š‘’‡•‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡‘†‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰Ž›„‡ ƒ—•‡ ‹–Š‡ —””‡– ‘–‡š– •ƒ”‡‘–ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡Ž›ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‡†ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–—”‡†‹–‘•‘‡Ǧ –Š‹‰Ž‹‡ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘dzǢ•‡‡ Ǥ ‰”ƒ˜ƒŽŽ‘ǡDz”‡˜‹‘–‡•—ŽŽǯ‹‹œ‹ƒ–‹˜ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜ƒ†‡‹ ‹––ƒ†‹‹ ‡—”‘’‡‹dzǡ‹La Comunità Internazionaleǡ‘ŽǤ͸ͷǡ‘ǤʹȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ’’Ǥʹͷ͸ǡʹͷͳǦ͸ͲǤ Ͷͷ‡‡ǡPublic to Have More Say with 1 Million EU Signature Planǡ͸ –‘„‡”ʹͲͲͺǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀΪ ǦΪʹͲ ͲͺͳͲͲ͸͵ͺ͹ͳ͹ΪͲΪΪΪͲȀȀǤ

ͺͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

iii. ’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ iv. ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ‹–•’‘•‹–‹‘„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǡ v. ˜‡”‹ˆ›‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡”‡“—‡•–‡†Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ –‹• ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǣ ˹‹–Š‡‹–‡”‡•–‘ˆ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•‘ˆƒ•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡‰‹•Ǧ –‡”‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ „‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’”‡•‡–ƒ”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘‘–Š‡ˆ—†‹‰ƒ†•‘—” ‡•‘ˆˆ—†‹‰ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡’”‘ ‡Ǧ †—”‡Šƒ• ‘ Ž—†‡†ǤͶ͸

Š‡”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”ǡ›Ž˜‹‡Ǧ˜‘‡ƒ—ˆƒȋ—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‡†‡ˆ–Ȁ‘”†‹  ”‡‡‡ˆ–Ǧ Ͷ͹Ȁ Ȍˆ”‘ ‡”ƒ›ǡ‘’‡‡†–Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ––Š‡’Ž‡Ǧ ƒ”›•‡••‹‘„›•–ƒ–‹‰•Š‡Šƒ†‘–”‡ ‡‹˜‡†•—’’‘”–‹–Š‡™‘”†‘‡ ‘–Š‡ „›Š‡” ”‘—’ƒ†„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‡ˆ–ƒ”–›ǡ„—–‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ ‡š’”‡••‹‰–Šƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡•—’’‘”–•Š‘™„›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’•ȋ ”‘—’‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‡‘’Ž‡ǯ•ƒ”–›ƒ†—”‘’‡ƒ‡‘ ”ƒ–•ǡ –Š‡ ”‘—’‘ˆ–Š‡ŽŽ‹ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹„‡”ƒŽ•ƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ–•ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ƒ†–Š‡ ”‘—’‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ—”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡ŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ሻƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘ ‹ƒŽǦ ‡‘ ”ƒ– ‘‡‹‡ǡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ǤͶͺŠ‡”‡’‘”–™ƒ•ƒ†‘’–‡†™‹–Š ͵ͺͲ˜‘–‡•‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ǡͶͳƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ†ʹͻƒ„•–‡–‹‘•ǤŽŽ–Š‡ƒ‹‰”‘—’• ™‡”‡ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž‡ǡ„—––Š‡Žƒ„‘—”•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•– ”‘—’ƒ„Ǧ •–ƒ‹‡†ǤͶͻŠ‘•‡˜‘–‹‰ƒ‰ƒ‹•–™‡”‡–Š‡ Ȁ •‹ ‡–Š‡› ‘•‹†‡”‡†

 Ͷ͸ǡReport of 3 February 2009 Requesting the Commission to Submit a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Implementation of the Citizens’ Initiativeȋ͸ǦͲͲͶ͵ȀʹͲͲͻȌǡƒ’’‘”–‡—” ǤǦǤƒ—ˆƒȋ Ȁ Ȍǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡α͸ǦʹͲͲͻǦͲͲͶ͵Ƭˆ‘”ƒ– αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢǡCitizens to Have the Right to Ask the Commission to Submit a Legislative Proposalǡ ͷ ƒ” Š ʹͲͲͻǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ –›’‡α ǦƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͲͻͲʹͳͻ ͷͲͲͳʹƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲʹͶǦƬˆ‘”ƒ–α ƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ Ͷ͹ ƒ— Š‡‹–ƒ‹”‡—”‘’±‡‡Ǥ ͶͺǡDebatesǡ –”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡ ͸ ƒ› ʹͲͲͻǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡– ‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͲͻͲͷͲ͸Ƭ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͳͷƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ αǤ ͶͻǤ‘”„‡––ȋȌ†‡ Žƒ”‡†ǣDz”•ƒ—ˆƒǯ•’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•™‘—Ž†Ž‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡•• „‡ ‘‹‰ „‘‰‰‡† †‘™ ‘” Šƒ’‡”‡† „› ‘‡”‘—• „—”‡ƒ— ”ƒ–‹  ”‡Ǧ “—‹”‡‡–•ȋŽ‹‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Šƒ˜‹‰–‘ Š‡ ‡˜‡”›•‹‰ƒ–—”‡ƒ†’”‡Ǧ ‡”–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘„› –Š‡‘‹••‹‘–Šƒ–‹–‹•Ž‡‰ƒŽȌǤ‘‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡‘”‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ™‡•Š‘—Ž†ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™–Š‡ •’‹”‹–‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȃƒ‡Ž›–Šƒ–‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ•ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡ƒ†‡ƒ•›–‘—•‡ƒ• 

ͺʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

–Š‡ –‘„‡ƒ„•—”†ƒ†Š›’‘ ”‹–‹ ƒŽƒ•‹–‹• ‘–”ƒ”›–‘–Š‡ ‹–‡–‹‘ ‡š’”‡••‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›ͷͲ„›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘Ǧ––ƒ Š‡†‡„‡”•™Š‘ˆ‡Ž––Šƒ––Š‡ ‹•†‡ ‡’–‹˜‡ƒ†—ƒ„Ž‡–‘ Ž‡••‡–Š‡’‘™‡”‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘ ”ƒ–•ͷͳǢ–Š‡ †‡’‡†‡ ‡ƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ › ”‘—’ˆ‘”™Š‘–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ™ƒ•‘– Ž‡ƒ”ƒ† ‘–‹—‡†–‘”‡‹–‡”ƒ–‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›’”‡•‡–‹–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ƒ–›‘–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ‡Ǧ ’‡ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ ‘–‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡’‘”–ǡ–Š‡”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡  ƒ••‡”–‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ ‹ˆ ‹– ‘Ǧ ‡”•ƒ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ƒ†‹•‘– ‘–”ƒ”›–‘–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ –Š‡Ǥ –ƒŽ•‘ƒ††‡†–Šƒ–‹–•Š‘—Ž†‘––ƒ‡‘”‡–Šƒ–™‘‘–Š•ˆ”‘ –Š‡•—„‹••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘†‡ ‹†‡‘‹–•ƒ†‹••‹Ǧ „‹Ž‹–›ƒ†”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘• ‘—Ž†„‡”‡Œ‡ –‡†‘Ž›‘Ž‡‰ƒŽ‰”‘—†•ƒ†‘– ‘‰”‘—†•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡š’‡†‹‡ ›Ǥͷʹ  –Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰”‡Ǧ‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹ —‡ʹͲͲͻǡ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ’‡–‹–‹‘‡†–Š‡–‘’”‡•‡–ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‹Ž‹‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ͷ͵ƒ†ƒ•‡†™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡ •ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›  ’‘••‹„Ž‡dzǢǡDebates – Explanations of Voteǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡ͹ƒ›ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘ ’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͲͻͲͷͲ͹Ƭ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͳͲ Ƭˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͷͲIbidǤǡ’‡‡ Šˆ”‘Ǥ —‡””‡‹”‘ȋ Ȁ ȌǤ ͷͳIbidǤǡ’‡‡ Šˆ”‘Ǥ ‘ŽŽ‹• Šȋ ȌǤ ͷʹǡResolution of 7 May 2009 Requesting the Commission to Submit a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Implementation of the Citizens’ Initiative Ȃ ȋ͸̴ǦȏʹͲͲͻȐͲ͵ͺͻȌǡ ƒ† ‡š—”‡ǡ Recommendations as to the Content of the Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Implementation of the Citizens’ Initiativeǡop. cit.;Ibidǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ European Parliament’s Analysis of the Lisbon Treaty. Plenary Sessionǡ͹ƒ›ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀΪΪ͸ǦǦʹͲͲͻǦͲ͵ͺͻΪ ͲΪΪΪͲȀȀ͓ǦʹʹǤ ͷ͵ Ibid.ǡ Debates.Question to the Commission no 47 by Frank Vanhecke (H0386/09), Subject: Regulation on Citizens’ Initiativeǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡʹ͸‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͲͻͳͳʹ͸Ƭ•‡ ‘†‡ˆαǦ ͲͳƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Written Question by Claude Moraes (S&D) to the Commission, Subject: European Citizen’s Initiative ȋǦͲͶͺ͹ȀͳͲȌǡ ʹ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǢ IbidǤǡ Answer Given by Mr Barroso on behalf of the CommissionǡʹͶ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͶͺ͹ƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Written Question by Rareç-Lucian Niculescu (PPE) and Elena Oana Antonescu (PPE) to the Commission, Subject: Proposals for Legislative Acts through a Citizen’s Initiative under the Treaty of Lisbon ȋǦͲͶͳͶȀͳͲȌǡ ͳʹ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ 

ͺ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

—†‡”™ƒ› ‘—Ž† „‡ –ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–› ‘‡•‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡ǡ”‡ ‡‹˜‹‰ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•’‘•‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǤͷͶ ‹–Š”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡–‘–Š‡‘—– ‘‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š–‘‘’Žƒ ‡ƒˆǦ –‡”ƒ†‘’–‹‰–Š‡ ”‡‡ƒ’‡”ǡ‹–™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•‡†™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ Šƒ† ‘•‹†‡”‡†ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰ƒ†”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‰‘Ž‹‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ–Š‡ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ ‡–™‘”• ƒ† –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‡™ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ˆ‘”Š‡Ž’‹‰•–ƒ”–—’–Š‡ Ǥͷͷ —”–Š‡” Žƒ”‹Ǧ ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•”‡“—‡•–‡†ƒ„‘—–ƒ›‹‹—ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•–‘„‡

 •‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͶͳͶƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Answer Given by Mr. Barroso on behalf of the Commissionǡ ʹ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͶͳͶƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢIbidǤǡParlia- mentary Questions. Written Question by Nessa Childers (S&D) to the Commission, Subject: The European Citizens’ Initiative ȋȀͲ͹ͻͳȀͳͲȌǡ ʹʹ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘ ’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͹ͻͳƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Answer Given by Mr Barroso on behalf of the Commissionǡ ʹͻ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͹ͻͳ ƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͷͶIbidǤǡParliamentary Questions, Written Question by Jan Philipp Albrecht (Verts/ALE) to the CommissionǡSubject: European Citizens’ Initiative ȋȀͲͷͳͻȀͳͲȌǡ ͳ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͷͳͻƬ ˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ Ibid.ǡParliamentary Questions, Written Question by Alexan- der Alvaro (ALDE) to the CommissionǡSubject: Procedures and Conditions Relating to the European Citizens’ Initiative ȋǦͲͷͷͻȀͳͲȌǡ ͳ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͷͷͻƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ αǢ Réponse commune donnée par M. Šef«ovi« au nom de la Commission, Questions écrites: E-0519/10, E-0559/10ǡ͸’”‹ŽʹͲͳͲŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡– ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͷͳͻƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ Ibid.ǡ Questions to Commission, EP Debates, Question no 23 by Silvia-Adriana iic£uǡSubject: Measures Regulating the Pro- cedures and Conditions for the Presentation of Legislative Initiatives by European Citizens ȋ ǦͲͲͳͲȀͳͲȌǡͳͳ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡ αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͲʹͳͳƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆαǦͲͳƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͷͷ IbidǤǡ Parliamentary Questions. Written Question by Izaskun Bilbao Barandica (ALDE) to the Commissionǡ Subject: Consultation on a European Citizens’ Initiative ȋȀͺͳͺȀͳͲȌǡ ʹʹ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ †‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͺͳͺƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Réponse don- née par M. Šef«ovi« au nom de la Commissionǡ ʹͻ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͺͳͺƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Debates, Question no 45 by Alan Kelly (H-0064/10) Subject: Citizens’ Initiative - Making It Accessi- ble Online ͳͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡α Ƭ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͲ͵ͳͳƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆαǦͲͳƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ

ͺͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

”‡ƒ Š‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡“—‹•‹–‡ˆ‘”•–ƒ”–‹‰—’–Š‡ Ǥͷ͸–Š‡”• ”‹–‹ ƒŽ‘ˆ –Š‡   ƒ•‡† ‹ ™Šƒ– ™ƒ› –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ ‹–‡†‡† ”‡ƒ–‹‰ ’—„Ž‹  ‘ˆ‹†‡ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡™ ‹•–”—‡–ǡ ƒ”‰—‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡  Šƒ† ’”‘˜‘‡† ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡’—„Ž‹ • ‡’–‹ ‹•‹–™‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ƒ•‡•ǣ‹ʹͲͲͲ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ƒ•—ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡—•–”‹ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡Ž‡ –‹‘”‡•—Ž–•ƒ†‹’‘•‹‰ •ƒ –‹‘•ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‹• ‘—–”›ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ƒ””‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‡š–”‡‡”‹‰Š–‹–‘ ƒ ‡™ ‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘ ‰‘˜‡”‡–Ǣ ƒ† Žƒ–‡”ǡ †‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ ‹ ”ƒ ‡ǡ‹–Š‡‡–Š‡”Žƒ†•ƒ†‹ ”‡Žƒ†Ǥͷ͹

2. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S PROPOSAL FOR A REGULATION OF THE ECI

2.1. Consultation

ˆ–‡”Šƒ˜‹‰”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ƒ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘”‡“—‡•–‹‰–‘’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ‘ˆƒ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆƒ‡š‡†”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†„‡Ǧ ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–› ƒ‡ ‹–‘ ˆ‘” ‡ǡ –Š‡  †‡ ‹†‡† –‘ ’”‘‘–‡ ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‹‘‘ˆƒ ”‡‡ƒ’‡”‘ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǤͷͺŠ‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•‘”‰ƒǦ ‹•‡†–‘‰‹˜‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‘’‘‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡•‘ ‹‡–›ሺ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž

 ͷ͸ IbidǤǡ Parliamentary Questions, Written Question by Kyriacos Triantaphyllides (GUE/NGL) to the Commission Subject: Thresholds in the European Citizens’ InitiativeȋǦ ͳ͵͹ʹȀͳͲȌǡ ͳͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡ αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͳ͵͹ʹƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Answer given by Mr Šef«ovi« on behalf of the Commission, ͹ ƒ› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ •‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͳ͵͹ʹƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͷ͹ IbidǤǡ Parliamentary Questions. Written Question by Andreas Mölzer (NI) to the CommissionȋȀͲ͹͹ʹȀͳͲȌǡʹʹ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡– ‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͹͹ʹƬˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǢ IbidǤǡ Answer given by Mr Barroso on behalf of the Commissionǡʹ͵’”‹ŽʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–ŽŽ•™‡”•Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͹͹ʹƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͷͺǡGreen Paper on a European Citizens’ InitiativeȂ”—••‡Ž•ȋȏʹͲͲͻȐ͸ʹʹ ‹Ǧ ƒŽȌǡͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ †‘ •Ȁ ‘̴ʹͲͲͻ̴͸ʹʹ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ‡‡ƒŽ•‘ ‘‘”ƒŠ‘›ǡEU Citizens’ Initiative Raises Politi- cal and Legal HeadachesǡDz—‘„•‡”˜‡”dzǡͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—‘„•‡”˜‡”Ǥ ‘ȀͻȀ ʹͺͻ͸ͻǤ

ͺͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•ƒ†’—„Ž‹ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•‹–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡•ƒ†ƒŽŽ‹–‡”‡•–‡†’ƒ”–‹‡•ሻƒ Šƒ ‡–‘‡š’”‡••–Š‡‹”‘’‹‹‘•ƒ•–‘ ™Šƒ––Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘–‘‘’Žƒ ‡‘–‡‹••—‡•ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡“—‡•–‹‘•ȋ‹ „”ƒ ‡–•Ȍ–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™„‡Ž‘™ǣ

ͳǤ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ˆ”‘™Š‹ Š ‹–‹œ‡•—•– ‘‡ ሺ‘›‘— ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”†‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ—„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡• ™‘—Ž† ‘•–‹–—–‡ ƒ Dz•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•dz ƒ• ”‡“—‹”‡† „›–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǫሻǤ

ʹǤ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•’‡”‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ ሺ‘›‘— ‘•‹†‡”–Šƒ–ͲǤʹ’‡” ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–ƒŽ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ Š‡Ǧ „‡”–ƒ–‡‹•ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ǫ ˆ‘–ǡ†‘›‘—Šƒ˜‡‘–Š‡”’”‘’‘•Ǧ ƒŽ•‹–Š‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ‡•—”‹‰–Šƒ–ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•‰‡—‹‡Ž›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆƒ‹‘‹–‡”‡•–ǫሻǤ

͵ǤŽ‹‰‹„‹Ž‹–›–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ‹‹—ƒ‰‡Ǥ ሺŠ‘—Ž†–Š‡‹‹—ƒ‰‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹Ǧ ƒ–‹˜‡„‡Ž‹‡†–‘–Š‡˜‘–‹‰ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–‡Ž‡ –‹‘• ‹‡ƒ Š‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ǫ ˆ‘–ǡ™Šƒ–‘–Š‡”‘’–‹‘™‘—Ž†›‘— ‘•‹†‡”ƒ’Ǧ ’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ǡƒ†™Š›ǫሻǤ

ͶǤ ‘”ƒ†™‘”†‹‰‘ˆƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ሺ‘—Ž†‹–„‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–ƒ†ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘”‡“—‹”‡–Šƒ–ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ Ž‡ƒ”Ž›•–ƒ–‡–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”ƒ†‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘™Š‹ Š –Š‡‘‹••‹‘‹•‹˜‹–‡†–‘ƒ –ǫŠƒ–‘–Š‡””‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ‹ˆƒ›ǡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡•‡–‘—–ƒ•–‘–Š‡ˆ‘”ƒ†™‘”†‹‰‘ˆƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǫሻǤ

ͷǤ ‡“—‹”‡‡–• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ǡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ሺ‘›‘—–Š‹–Šƒ––Š‡”‡•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ ‘‘•‡–‘ˆ’”‘ ‡†—”ƒŽ”‡Ǧ “—‹”‡‡–• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ǡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‹‰ƒǦ –—”‡•„›‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǯƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ƒ–Ž‡˜‡Žǫ‘™Šƒ–‡š–‡–•Š‘—Ž† ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘’—–‹’Žƒ ‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ƒ––Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‡˜‡Žǫ”‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•‡‡†‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘‡•—”‡–Šƒ– ‹–‹œ‡•

ͺ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒ •—’’‘”– ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‘—–”› ‘ˆ ”‡•‹Ǧ †‡ ‡ǫŠ‘—Ž† ‹–‹œ‡•„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘Ž‹‡ǫ ˆ •‘ǡ™Šƒ–•‡ —”‹–›ƒ†ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ǫሻǤ

͸Ǥ‹‡Ž‹‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ ሺŠ‘—Ž†ƒ–‹‡Ž‹‹–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•„‡ˆ‹š‡†ǫ ˆ•‘ǡ™‘—Ž† ›‘— ‘•‹†‡”‘‡›‡ƒ”–‘„‡ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‹‡Ž‹‹–ǫሻǤ

͹Ǥ‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’”‘’‘•‡†‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ ሺ‘›‘—–Š‹–Šƒ–ƒƒ†ƒ–‘”›•›•–‡‘ˆ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’”‘’‘•‡†‹‹–‹Ǧ ƒ–‹˜‡•‹•‡ ‡••ƒ”›ǫ ˆ•‘ǡ†‘›‘—ƒ‰”‡‡–Šƒ––Š‹• ‘—Ž†„‡†‘‡–Š”‘—‰Šƒ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡„•‹–‡’”‘˜‹†‡†„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ǫሻǤ

ͺǤ‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•Ǧ”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ƒ†ˆ—†‹‰Ǥ ሺŠƒ–•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–••Š‘—Ž†„‡‹’‘•‡†—’‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•‘ˆ ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹‘”†‡”–‘‡•—”‡–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ƒ††‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ ‘—–ƒǦ „‹Ž‹–›ǫ‘›‘—ƒ‰”‡‡–Šƒ–‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••Š‘—Ž†„‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹Ǧ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡•—’’‘”–ƒ†ˆ—†‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡›Šƒ˜‡”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ˆ‘”ƒ‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǫሻǤ

ͻǤšƒ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘Ǥ ሺŠ‘—Ž†ƒ–‹‡Ž‹‹–„‡ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘‡šƒ‹‡ƒ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǫሻǤ

ͳͲǤ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•‘–Š‡•ƒ‡‹••—‡Ǥ ሺ •‹–ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘‹–”‘†— ‡”—Ž‡•–‘’”‡˜‡––Š‡•— ‡••‹˜‡’”‡•‡–ƒǦ –‹‘‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•‘–Š‡•ƒ‡‹••—‡ǫ ˆ•‘ǡ™‘—Ž†–Š‹•„‡•–„‡ †‘‡„›‹–”‘†— ‹‰•‘‡•‘”–‘ˆ†‹•‹ ‡–‹˜‡•Ȃ‘”–‹‡Ž‹‹–•ǫሻǤ  Š‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™ƒ• ‘’Ž‡–‡†‘͵ͳ ƒ—ƒ”›–Š‡ʹͲͳͲ™‹–Š͵ʹͻ ƒǦ •™‡”• Ȃ ͳ͸Ͳ ˆ”‘ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ ͳ͵͵ ˆ”‘ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ͵͸ ˆ”‘’—„Ž‹ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ሻǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•ƒ™‹†‡ƒ†‹–‡”‡•–‡†”‡ƒ –‹‘ǡƒŽǦ „‡‹–‘–ƒ‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽ‘‡ǤͷͻŽƒ”‰‡•‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ

 ͷͻŠ‡–‡š–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘• ƒ„‡ ‘•—Ž–‡†‘Ž‹‡ƒ–Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ 

ͺ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

”‡ƒ†›–‘‹–‡”˜‡‡‘•’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ‘—‹–›’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ†‹†‘– ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡  ƒ•ƒ’”‹‘”‹–›Ǥ ʹʹ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†ƒ’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰‘’‡–‘ƒŽŽ ”‡•’‘†‡–• –‘ ‹” —Žƒ–‡ ƒ† Ž‹•–‡ –‘ –Š‡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‘• –Š‡› Šƒ†”‡Ǧ ‡‹˜‡†Ǥ͸Ͳ

2.2. Proposal for regulation of the ECI

͵ͳƒ” ŠʹͲͳͲ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘’—„Ž‹•Š‡†ƒ”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹Ǧ ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ͸ͳ’”‡ ‡†‡†„›ƒ‡š’Žƒƒ–‘”›‡‘”ƒ†—ǡ™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡•‹–™‹ŽŽ ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡’—„Ž‹  ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ††•–Šƒ–‹–‹• ‹•’‹”‡†„›–™‘‰—‹†‹‰’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ǣ

 †‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘•̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͸Ͳ ‡‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”̴ Š‡ƒ”‹‰̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ‘” ˆ—”–Š‡” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ •‡‡ –Š‡ •‡ –‹‘ ‘ –Š‡   ‘ –Š‡  ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ ™‡„•‹–‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ‹†‡š̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͸ͳǡProposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ”—••‡Ž• ȋȏʹͲͳͲȐ ͳͳͻ ˆ‹ƒŽȌǡ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ ‘̴ʹͲͳͲ̴ͳͳͻ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡‡–†‘ •ȀʹͲͲͻ̴ʹͲͳͶȀ†‘ —‡–•Ȁƒˆ ‘Ȁ†˜Ȁ ‘̴ ‘ȋʹͲͳͲȌͲͳͳͻ̴Ȁ ‘̴ ‘ȋʹͲͳͲȌͲͳͳͻ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǢǡ‘‹••‹‘–ƒˆˆ‘”‹‰‘ —‡–ǡOutcome of the Public Consultation on the Green Paper on a European Citizens’ Initiative. Accompanying Document to the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiative, ”—••‡Ž• ȋȋʹͲͳͲȌ͵͹ͲȌǡ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ†‰•Ȁ•‡ ”‡–ƒ”‹ƒ–̴‰‡‡”ƒŽȀ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ•‡ ̴ʹͲͳͲ̴͵͹Ͳ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǢ—”‘’‡ƒ‹Ǧ –‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ȋ  ȀͳͲȀͳͳ͸Ȍǡ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••

‡Ž‡ƒ•‡• –‹‘Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡α  Ȁ ͳͲȀ ͳͳ͸Ƭˆ‘”ƒ–α Ƭƒ‰‡†αͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ ‰—‹ ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α‡Ǣ European Citizens’ Initiative: Giving Citizens New Possibilities to In- fluence EU Policyǡ”—••‡Ž•ȋ ȀͳͲȀ͵ͻ͹Ȍǡ͵ͳƒ” ŠʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••

‡Ž‡ƒ•‡• –‹‘Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡α ȀͳͲȀ͵ͻ͹Ƭˆ‘”ƒ–α Ƭƒ‰‡†αͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ‰—‹ ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ᇐǢMaroš Šef«ovi« Vice-President of the European Commission Responsible for “Interinstitutional Relations and Administration”. Speaking Points for Press Conference on the “European Citizens’ Initiative”. Press Conference on European Citizens’ Initiative Brus- sels ȋ  ȀͳͲȀͳ͵ͺȌǡ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡• –‹‘Ǥ †‘ǫ ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡α  ȀͳͲȀͳ͵ͺƬˆ‘”ƒ–α Ƭƒ‰‡†αͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ‰—‹ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α ‡Ǣ‘•–ƒ–”ƒ†ǡCommission Sets Out Rules for Citizens’ InitiativeǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹ ‡dzǡ

͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒ˜‘‹ ‡Ǥ ‘Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡ȀʹͲͳͲȀͲ͵Ȁ ‘‹••‹‘Ǧ•‡–•Ǧ ‘—–Ǧ”—Ž‡•Ǧˆ‘”Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁ͸͹ͷͷͺǤƒ•’šǤ

ͺͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

˹DzŠ‡ ‘†‹–‹‘• •Š‘—Ž† ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ ”‡’”‡Ǧ •‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹‘ ‹–‡”‡•–ǡ ™Š‹Ž•– ‡•—”‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹•–”—‡– ”‡ƒ‹•‡ƒ•›–‘—•‡Ǥdz ˹DzŠ‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡•‹’Ž‡ƒ†—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›ǡ™Š‹Ž•–’”‡˜‡–Ǧ ‹‰ˆ”ƒ—†‘”ƒ„—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•›•–‡ƒ†–Š‡›•Š‘—Ž†‘–‹’‘•‡—‡Ǧ ‡••ƒ”›ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡„—”†‡•‘–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ǥdz͸ʹ

Š‡ƒ‹’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

˹Š‡ ‹‹— —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• ‹• ˆ‹š‡† ƒ– ‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”† ሺ”–Ǥ͹ሻǤ͸͵ ˹Š‡‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•’‡”‡„‡”–ƒ–‡‹• ƒŽ —Žƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰ŠƒDzˆ‹š‡†–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•†‡‰”‡•Ǧ •‹˜‡Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒ–‡–‘–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ Š–ƒ–‡™‹–Šƒ‹‹— –Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ƒ†ƒ ‡‹Ž‹‰dzǤ͸Ͷ ˹DzŠ‡”‡–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”‹•ƒƒ–—”ƒŽ’‡”•‘ǡ–Šƒ–’‡”•‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ†„‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡–‘„‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘˜‘–‡‹–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ‡Ž‡ –‹‘•ǤŠ‡”‡–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”‹•ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽ’‡”•‘‘”ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒǦ –‹‘‹–•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‹ƒ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡Ǥ”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•™Š‹ Š †‘‘–Šƒ˜‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›—†‡”–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽƒ™•ŠƒŽŽ

 ͸ʹš’Žƒƒ–‘”›‡‘”ƒ†—ǡ‹ǡProposal for a Regulation of the European Par- liament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiativeǡop. cit.ǡ’ǤʹǤ ͸͵Dz –‹•–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†—•‡†‹–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘Ǯ‡Šƒ ‡† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǯ™Š‹ Š’”‘Ǧ ˜‹†‡–Šƒ–Ǯƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‹‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǯ—•–’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ȋƒ”–ǤʹͲȌǤ –‹•ƒŽ•‘—•‡†ƒ• –Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†‡‡†‡†–‘–”‹‰‰‡”–Š‡•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–›’”‘ ‡†—”‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”‹ƒ”–Ǥ͹Ǥʹ‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‘–‘ ‘Ž‘–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‘ˆ•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–›ƒ†’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ‡š‡† –‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzǢIbid.ǡ’’ǤͶǦͷǤ ͸ͶIbid.ǡ’ǤͷǤŠ‡„ƒ•‡†–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•‘ƒ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǣ–Š‡—Ž–‹’Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰”‡‡†‹–Š‡ ‘–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡ʹͲͲ͹ –‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ‘Ǧ ˆ‡”‡ ‡ȋ͹ͷͲȌDz‹‘”†‡”–‘”‡ˆŽ‡ ––Š‡†‡ƒ†•‘ˆƒ›•–ƒ‡Š‘Ž†‡”•–‘•‡–ƒ–Š”‡•Š‘Ž† „‡Ž‘™ͲǤʹΨ‘ˆ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ‘–Š‡‘‡Šƒ†ǡƒ†–‘–ƒ‡ƒ ‘—–‘ˆ ‘ ‡”•–Šƒ––Š‡ –Š”‡•Š‘Ž†‹•ƒŽŽ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡••Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡–‘‘Ž‘™ǡ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ǥ †‡‡†ǡ„›—•‹‰ƒ —Ž–‹’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ˆƒ –‘”‘ˆ͹ͷͲǡ–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ˆ‘”‘˜‡”ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•™‘—Ž†„‡Ž‘Ǧ ™‡”‘”•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”–ŠƒͲǤʹΨ‘ˆ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹Ž•– ˆ‘”–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†™‘—Ž†„‡Š‹‰Š‡”ǤŠ‹••›•–‡™‹ŽŽ–Š—•ƒŽŽ‘™ƒ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒ–‡Ž›Ž‘Ǧ ™‡”—„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•ˆ‘”Žƒ”‰‡ ‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†ƒ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒ–‡Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”—„‡”ˆ‘” •ƒŽŽ ‘—–”‹‡•dz ȋ”–Ǥ ͹ ƒ† ‡š ȌǢ Ibid.Š‡‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ•—’’‘”–‡”•’‡” ‘—–”› ”ƒ‰‡• ˆ”‘ ͵ǡ͹ͷͲ ‹ ƒŽ–ƒǡ –Š‡ ǯ• •ƒŽŽ‡•– ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡ǡ –‘ ͹ͶǡʹͷͲ ‹ ’‘’—Ž‘—• ‡”ƒ›Ǥ

ͺͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

Šƒ˜‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›–‘—†‡”–ƒ‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‘„Ž‹Ǧ ‰ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡‹”„‡ŠƒŽˆƒ†ƒ••—‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›dzȋ”–Ǥ͵ǤͳȌǤDz ‘”†‡”–‘ „‡‡Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡••ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡–‘„‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘˜‘–‡ ‹ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‡Ž‡ –‹‘•dz ȋ”–Ǥ ͵ǤʹȌ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ͳͺ ›‡ƒ”• ‹ ƒŽŽ ‡„‡”•–ƒ–‡•‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”—•–”‹ƒ™Š‡”‡‹–‹••‹š–‡‡Ǣ ˹‘’—Ž•‘”›”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ •‹ƒ‘Ž‹‡”‡‰‹•–‡”ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹ŽǦ ƒ„Ž‡„›–Š‡‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•’”‘˜‹†‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒǦ –‹‘Dz‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –Ǧƒ––‡”ƒ†‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•‘ –Š‡•‘—” ‡•‘ˆˆ—†‹‰ƒ†•—’’‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡dzȋ”–ǤͶǤͳȌǡ„—–Dz’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•™Š‹ Š ƒ„‡”‡ƒǦ •‘ƒ„Ž›”‡‰ƒ”†‡†ƒ•‹’”‘’‡”„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ„—•‹˜‡‘”†‡˜‘‹†‘ˆ •‡”‹‘—•‡••™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡”‡‰‹•–‡”‡†dzȋ”–ǤͶǤ͵Ȍƒ†ˆ—”–Š‡”‘”‡ DzŠ‡ ‘‹••‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ”‡Œ‡ ––Š‡”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡•™Š‹ Šƒ”‡ƒ‹ˆ‡•–Ž›ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘dzȋ”–ǤͶǤͶȌǢ ˹‹‰ƒ–—”‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†‘’ƒ’‡”‘”‘ǦŽ‹‡ƒ„‹†‹‰„›–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ ’”‘–‡ –‹‘ ƒ –ǡ ‹ ™Š‹ Š ƒ•‡ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ „‡ ‡”–‹ˆ‹‡† ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ‘–Š„›–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ—–Š‘”‹–›ȋ”–Ǥ͸Ȍƒ†ƒ–‹‡ǦŽ‹‹–‘ˆͳʹ ‘–Š•‹•ˆ‹š‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ȋ”–ǤͷǤͶȌǢ ˹Dzˆ–‡”Šƒ˜‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š”–‹ Ž‡ͷˆ”‘•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡• ‘‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––Š”‡‡‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ŠƒŽŽ•—„‹––‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ƒ”‡“—‡•–ˆ‘”ƒ †‡ ‹•‹‘‘–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȏǥȐdz ȋ”–ǤͺǤͳȌǤ ˹DzŠ‡‘‹••‹‘•ŠƒŽŽǡ™‹–Š‹ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–™‘‘–Š•ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡Ǧ ‡‹’–‘ˆ–Š‡”‡“—‡•–”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͳǡ–ƒ‡ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘ ‘ ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›dz ƒ† DzŠ‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‘•‹Ǧ †‡”‡†ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡‹ˆȏǥȐǣȋƒȌ‹– ‘ ‡”•ƒƒ––‡”™Š‡”‡ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ –Š‡‹‘ ƒ„‡ƒ†‘’–‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒǦ –‹‡•Ǣƒ†ȋ„Ȍ‹–ˆƒŽŽ•™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ–Š‡’‘™‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘–‘ƒ‡ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽdzȋ”–ǤͺǤʹȌǤ

DzŠ‡†‡ ‹•‹‘”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šʹ•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘–‹ˆ‹‡†–‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•Ǧ ‡”‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹ dzሺ”–ǤͺǤ͵ሻǢ

˹Dz‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š”‡‡‘–Š•–‘ Š‡ –Š‡•ƒ’Ž‡‘ˆ•‹‰Ǧ ƒ–—”‡• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”ƒ †‡ Žƒ”‡†ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡dzሺ”–ǤͻሻǢ

ͻͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

˹DzŠ‡”‡–Š‡‘‹••‹‘”‡ ‡‹˜‡•ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȏǥȐ‹–•ŠƒŽŽǣ ƒǤ’—„Ž‹•Š–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹–Š‘—–†‡Žƒ›‘‹–•™‡„•‹–‡Ǣ „Ǥ‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ǡ™‹–Š‹Ͷ‘–Š•ǡ•‡–‘—–‹ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‹–• ‘ Ž—•‹‘•‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‹–‹Ǧ –‡†•–‘–ƒ‡ǡ‹ˆƒ›ǡƒ†‹–•”‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”†‘‹‰•‘dzȋ”–ǤͳͳǤͳȌǤ

DzŠ‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͳሺ„ሻ•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘–‹ˆ‹‡†–‘ –Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ǧ Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹ dzሺ”–ǤͳͳǤʹሻ͸ͷǢ

˹‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ˆ‘”†ƒ–ƒ’”‘–‡ –‹‘‹•Šƒ†‡†–‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•™‹–Šƒ •–ƒ–‡† –‹‡ Ž‹‹– ሺ”–Ǥ ͳʹሻǣ DzŠ‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡” •ŠƒŽŽ †‡•–”‘› ƒŽŽ •–ƒ–‡Ǧ ‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ˆ‘”ƒ‰‹˜‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ› ‘’Ǧ ‹‡•–Š‡”‡‘ˆƒ––Š‡Žƒ–‡•–‘‡‘–Šƒˆ–‡”•—„‹––‹‰–Šƒ–‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘ –Š‡‘‹••‹‘‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š”–‹ Ž‡ͳͲ‘”ͳͺ‘–Š•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡ †ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š‡˜‡” ‹• –Š‡‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”dzǢ ˹ƒ•–ǡƒ”‡˜‹‡™ Žƒ—•‡‹•‹ Ž—†‡†ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘™Š‹ ŠDz ‹˜‡›‡ƒ”•ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡‡–”›‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ–Š‹•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ’”‡•‡– ƒ”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘–Š‡‹’Ž‡Ǧ ‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘dzሺ”–ǤʹͳሻǤ

‡ˆ‘”‡‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽƒ••‡••‡–‘–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‹–‹•‘’’‘”–—‡–‘ ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡ƒ‹’‘•‹–‹‘•–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ •–‹–—–‹‘•ǡ—”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡• ሺ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‰”‘—’•ሻǡ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ• Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‡–”‡•Šƒ˜‡–ƒ‡‘–Š‡ Ǥ͸͸

3. ECIS: SUGGESTIONS AND OUTLOOK

Š‡ǯ••—„‹••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Šƒ•”‡‹†Ž‡†–Š‡ †‡„ƒ–‡‘–Š‡ Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–‹‰ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ

 ͸ͷIbid, ’ǤͳͷǤ ͸͸ ‘”ƒ•›–Š‡–‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘–Š‡ •‡‡Ǥ ‘•–›Ñ•ƒǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ  •–”—‡–‘ˆ‹”‡ –‡‘ ”ƒ ›”ǡ‹Bulletin PISMȋ‘Ž•‹ •–›–—–’”ƒ™‹¸†œ›Ǧ ƒ”‘†‘™› ŠȌ„—ŽŽ‡–‹‘ˆŠ‡‘Ž‹•Š •–‹–—–‡‘ˆ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ‘Ǥͳʹͺǡȋʹ͸ –‘Ǧ „‡”ʹͲͳͲȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’‹•Ǥ’ŽȀ„—ŽŽ‡–‹ȀƒʹͲͶǦʹͲͳͲǤ’†ˆǤ

ͻͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

Š‡’”‡•‡–•‡ –‹‘™‹ŽŽ–”›–‘‘ˆˆ‡”ƒ„”‹‡ˆ‘˜‡”˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹•—‰Ǧ ‰‡•–‹‘•ƒ†ƒ••‡••‡–•„›–Š‡ǡ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘ˆ ‡‰‹‘• ȋ‘Ȍǡ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ  ‘‘‹  ƒ† ‘ ‹ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ȋȌǡ—”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ† ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”› ‰”‘—’•ǡ–Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ƒ†„›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ƒ†‡š’‡”–•‘–Š‡ǯ• ”‘Ǧ ’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ‡•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ –Š‡•‡ –‹‘•†‡˜‘–‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡‘—Ǧ ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡™‹ŽŽ„‡†‹• —••‡†•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‡†‡–•ƒ† Šƒ‰‡•–Šƒ– Ž‡† –‘ ƒ ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‰”‡‡‡– ƒ† –‘ –Š‡  ˜‘–‹‰ ‘ƒˆ‹”•– ”‡ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǤˆ–‡”‹–•ƒ†‘’–‹‘™‹–ŠǦ ‘—– †‹• —••‹‘ ƒ– ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †— ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‘—–Šǡ —Ž–—”‡ ƒ† ’‘”– ‘— ‹Ž‹”—••‡Ž•‘ͳͶ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͳ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘Ǥ ʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™ƒ• •‹‰‡†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ ‡”‡‘›Š‡Ž†‹–”ƒ•„‘—”‰‘ͳ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͳ „› ‘”‡‹‰‹‹•–‡” ž‘•ƒ”–‘›‹ǡƒ†”‡•‹†‡– ‡”œ›—œ‡ǡ‘„‡ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž ƒ† –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ – Šƒ•„‡‡ ’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ƒ†™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ’’Ž‹Ǧ ƒ„Ž‡‘‡›‡ƒ”ƒˆ–‡”‡–”›‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒŽŽ‘™‡„‡”•–ƒ–‡•ƒ† –Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘–ƒ‡–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘‹’Ž‡‡–‹–Ǥ͸͹

3.1. The European Parliament

Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•‡†„›–Š‡†‹†‘–‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ—„‡”‘ˆ•—‰Ǧ ‰‡•–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ǣ

˹Š‡”‡“—‡•––Šƒ––Š‡’”‘‘— ‡‘–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›™‹–Š‹ –™‘ ‘–Š•ˆ”‘”‡‰‹•–‡”‹‰–Š‡ ƒ†‘–ƒˆ–‡”Šƒ˜‹‰‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ ‡”Ǧ –ƒ‹—„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ ˹Š‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘†‡ ‹†‡™‹–Š‹–™‘‘–Š•

 ͸͹‡‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ͳ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͳ ‘ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ OJEUǡ  ͸ͷǡ ‘ŽǤ ͷͶǡ ȋͳͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͳȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”Ǧ Ž‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͳͳǣͲ͸ͷǣ ǣǣ Ǥ ‘”ƒ„”‹‡ˆ ƒƒŽ›•‹• •‡‡ Ǥ ŽŽ‡‰”‹ǡ Dz Ž ‡‰‘Žƒ‡–‘  ”‹‰—ƒ”†ƒ–‡ ǮŽǯ‹‹œ‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ†‡‹ ‹––ƒ†‹‹ǯǤ‘–‡ ‹–”‘†—––‹˜‡dzǡ‹Federalismi.itǡ͸’”‹ŽʹͲͳͳǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•‹Ǥ‹–Ȁ†‘ —‡–ȀͲͷͲ ͶʹͲͳͳͳ͵Ͳ͵ͳʹǤ’†ˆǤ‡‡ƒŽ•‘‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡGo-ahead Given to the European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ”—••‡Ž• ȋ͸Ͷ͸ͻȀͳͳ ”‡••‡ ʹͶȌǡ ͳͶ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͳǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ—‡†‘ •Ȁ •̴†ƒ–ƒȀ†‘ •Ȁ’”‡••†ƒ–ƒȀȀ‰‡ƒˆˆȀͳͳͻʹ͹ʹǤ’†ˆǤ

ͻʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ’”‘’‘•‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡  ‘—Ž†‘Ž› „‡”‡Œ‡ –‡†ˆ‘”Ž‡‰ƒŽ‘–‹˜‡•ƒ†‡˜‡”ˆ‘””‡ƒ•‘•‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’”ƒ‰Ǧ ƒ–‹•ǡƒ†ƒ’‘••‹„Ž‡”‡Œ‡ –‹‘ ‘—Ž†„‡•—„Œ‡ ––‘Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž „› –Š‡   ƒ† –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ „—†•ƒ ‹ˆ –Š‡ ‘–‡•–ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘˜‡†–‘„‡™‹–Š‹‹–•Œ—”‹•†‹ –‹‘ሺŽƒ ‘ˆ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ǡ’‘‘”ƒ†Ǧ ‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡– ǤሻǤ ˹Š‡”‡“—‡•––Šƒ––Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘„‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ†’‘•–‡†‘Ž‹‡ƒ†ǡŽƒ•–ǡ–Šƒ–ƒŠ‡ƒ”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”• „‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•‘–Šƒ––Š‡  ‘—Ž† †‡ ‹†‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š”‡‡ ‘–Š• ™Š‡–Š‡” –‘ ‰‘ ƒŠ‡ƒ† ‘” –‘ •Š‡Ž˜‡–Š‡‹†‡ƒǡ”‡’‘”–‹‰‹–•‘–‹˜‡•–‘–Š‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡™‡”‡‘––‘ Šƒ˜‡”‡ƒ Š‡†ƒ›†‡ ‹•‹‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‹†‹ ƒ–‡†ǡ–Š‡  ƒ†Ȁ‘”ǡ‹ˆ‡ ‡••ƒ”›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‡†‹ƒ–‘”™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡–ƒ‡‘˜‡”Ǥ

”‘™Šƒ– ƒ„‡•‡‡‹–Š‡™‘”‹‰’ƒ’‡”ˆ”‘–Š‡ǯ• ˆ‘”–Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡  ƒ† –Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘ †‹• —••ǡ͸ͺ’”‡•‡–‡†‘ʹʹ —‡ʹͲͳͲƒ†ƒ’’”‘˜‡†ƒ––Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ͳʹ —Ž›ǡ‹–ƒ‹‡†ƒ–ƒ‹‰ƒ‡†‡–•Ǥ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ‰”‡‡‹‰ƒ†”‡‹Ǧ –‡”ƒ–‹‰•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ሺ–Š‡‡š Ž—•‹˜‡‹Ǧ ˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•™‹–Š˜‘–‹‰”‹‰Š–•ˆ‘”–Š‡ǡ’”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡ˆ‘”ƒ–—Ǧ ”ƒŽ ’‡”•‘• ƒ• Ž‡‰ƒŽ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ǡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ’”‘‘–‡”•ˆ‘”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ƒ† Š‡ ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–•„›–Š‡ ‘†‡ƒ†ǡ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ƒ†‹–Š‡ˆ—†•”‡ ‡‹˜‡†ˆ”‘‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ሻǡ–Š‡†‘ —‡–’”‘’‘•‡•ǣ

˹Dz–‘ ƒ‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ• —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ ƒ†–‘ˆ‘•–‡”‰”‡ƒ–‡”†‡„ƒ–‡ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••Š‘—Ž†‰‡––‘‰‡–Š‡”‹–‘ ƒǮ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘‹––‡‡ǯ‘ˆƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–•‡˜‡’‡”•‘• ‘‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ሺሻǤ›†‘‹‰•‘ǡ‘Ž›—”‘’‡ƒǦ ™‹†‡‹••—‡• ‘—Ž†‡‡”‰‡ƒ†‹–™‘—Ž†‡ƒ•‡–Š‡ˆ‘”–Š ‘‹‰•‹‰ƒǦ

 ͸ͺǡ‘‹––‡‡‘‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ Working Document on a Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiativeǡƒ’Ǧ ’‘”–‡—”•ǣǤ —”ƒ‹ȋ‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•Ƭ‡‘ ”ƒ–•‹–Š‡ǦƬȌƒ†Ǥƒƒ••‘—”‡ȋ—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ ‡‘’Ž‡ǯ• ƒ”–› ‹ –Š‡  Ǧ Ȍǡ ʹʹ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ

•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀ ΪΪǦͶͶ͵ǤͲͻͷΪͲͳΪΪ Ϊ ͲȀȀƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ

ͻ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

–—”‡•ǯ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘’”‘ ‡••ƒ•–Š‡”‡™‘—Ž†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›„‡ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ ‡ ‡ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–•‡‡•–‘„‡ƒ ‘•–”ƒ‹– ƒ–ˆ‹”•–ǡ‹–™‘—Ž†‹”‡ƒŽ‹–›‡ƒ•‡–Š‡”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡dzǤ͸ͻ

˹–‘‡š’Ž‘”‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•‘’–‹‘•‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹••—‡•ǣ  DzͷǤͳǤ‘—Ž†‹–ƒ‡•‡•‡–‘ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•–‘Šƒ˜‡–Š‡•—’Ǧ ’‘”–‘ˆ•‘‡†‹”‡ –Ž›‡Ž‡ –‡†’‡”•‘•™Š‘™‘—Ž†‡†‘”•‡–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡ǫ ˆ•‘ǡŠ‘™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘—Ž†•—’’‘”–‹–ƒ†•Š‘—Ž†–Š‡› ‘‡ˆ”‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ•™‡ŽŽ‘”™‘—Ž†‹–Œ—•–‹–”‘Ǧ †— ‡ ƒ —™‡Ž ‘‡ †‘•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ †‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹–‘ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡••ǫ  DzͷǤʹǤŠ‘—Ž†™‡ƒ•–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ†‡’‘•‹–™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž† ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›„‡‰‹˜‡„ƒ –‘–Š‡‹ˆ–Š‡ –—”•‘—––‘„‡•— ‡••Ǧ ˆ—Žǫdz͹ͲǢ

˹–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒˆ‹”•–ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ ǣ  DzͻǤ –‹‰Š–ƒ‡•‡•‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ Ȃ„ƒ•‡†‘ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ Ȃ –‘ –ƒ‡ ’Žƒ ‡ ƒˆ–‡” ͷǤͲͲͲ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‘ŽǦ Ž‡ –‡†Ǥ Š‹• •›„‘Ž‹  ˆ‹‰—”‡ ‡•—”‡• –Š‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‰‡—‹‡ ’—„Ž‹ •—’’‘”–ƒ†‹–Š‡‡ƒ–‹‡‹–™‘—Ž†’”‡˜‡–ƒ‘˜‡”„—”Ǧ †‡‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘™‹–Š‘—––Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••’‡†‹‰–‘‘ƒ› ”‡•‘—” ‡•‘–Š‡’”‘ ‡••Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‹•‹•‘Ž›ƒ•—‰‰‡•–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡  ‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡†‘‡”‹‰Š–ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ƒ› ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”•†‘‘–•—’’‘”––Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‹• Š‡ –ƒǦ ‹‰ ’Žƒ ‡ ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ ‘” ͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ ƒ• –Š‹•™‘—Ž†”‹‰Š–ˆ—ŽŽ› ƒ—•‡‰”‡ƒ–ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘–‘‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•dz͹ͳǢ

˹–‘ ƒ––”‹„—–‡ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡  ǯ• ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ƒ Dz™‹•‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ‘‹––‡‡dzǣ  DzͳͳǤ –‹‰Š–„‡‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘ƒ’’‘‹–ƒƒ†Š‘ Ǯ™‹•‡’‡‘’Ž‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǯǡ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•‘‡‡š’‡”–•ǡ• Š‘Žƒ”•ƒ†Ȁ‘”Œ—”‹•–•ǡ•‘–Šƒ– –Š‡›™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ•‹’ƒ”–‹ƒŽƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ‹‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ’Ǧ ’‘‹–‡†„›–Š‡–Š”‡‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ǣ–Š”‡‡„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǡ–Š”‡‡„› –Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š”‡‡„›–Š‡ǡƒ•–Š‡›™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡ƒ›Ž‡‰Ǧ  ͸ͻIbid.ǡI. Preliminary Actions to Be Taken by the Organisersǡ‘Ǥ͵ǡ’ǤʹǤ ͹ͲIbid.ǡI.ǡ‘•ǤͷǡͷǤͳǡͷǤʹǡ’’ǤʹǦ͵Ǥ ͹ͳIbid.ǡIII. Admissibility Checkǡ‘Ǥͻǡ’Ǥ͵Ǥ

ͻͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤ –™‹ŽŽ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ›„‡–Š‡™Š‘™‹ŽŽŽƒ–‡” ‘‹Ǧ ’Ž‡‡–ƒ›ˆ—–—”‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡”‡™‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘Ȃ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘‡”‹ Šƒ”‰‡‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽƒˆǦ ˆƒ‹”•‘”Š‹•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡Ȃƒ†ǡ’‘••‹„Ž›ǡƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‘Ǧ –ƒ–‹‰’”‡•‹†‡ ›‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†ƒ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–‡‘”–™‡Ž˜‡ ’‡”Ǧ •‘•ǤŠ‡‘‹••‹‘”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘—Ž† Šƒ‹”–Š‹• ‘‹––‡‡dz͹ʹǢ

˹–‘•’‡ ‹ˆ›‘™Š‹ Š„ƒ•‹•–Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†‘Ž›„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‘–ƒ†Ǧ ‹••‹„Ž‡ǣ  DzͳʹǤŠ‡‹”†‡ ‹•‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ”‹–‡”‹ƒǣ Ǧ –Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ„ƒ•‹•Ǣ Ǧ –Š‡”‡•’‡ –‘ˆ˜ƒŽ—‡•ȋƒ‡Ž›ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ʹ‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†–Š‡ Šƒ”–‡”‘ˆˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ȌǢ Ǧ ƒ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”›•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–› Š‡ ȋƒ‘”‡–Š‘”‘—‰Š Š‡ ™‘—Ž† •–‹ŽŽ–ƒ‡’Žƒ ‡‘ ‡ƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ȌǤ  „˜‹‘—•Ž› ƒ„—•‹˜‡  • ‘—Ž† „‡ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† „—– –Š‡ ™‘”†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǯ•’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‡‡†•–‘„‡‹’”‘˜‡†dz͹͵Ǣ

˹–‘’‘‹–‘—–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’”‘ ‡†—”‡•‹ˆ–Š‡ ‹•†‡ Žƒ”‡†ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡‘” ‘–ǣ  DzͳͶǤŠ‡ǡ–™‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–• ‡ƒ”‹‘•™‹ŽŽ„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ǣ  ͳͶǤͳǤ Š‡   ‹• †‡ Žƒ”‡† ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ǣ ‹– ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽ› ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡† ƒ†„‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽ™‡„•‹–‡–Šƒ––Š‡‘‹••‹‘™‹ŽŽ Žƒ— ŠǤ  ͳͶǤʹǤ Š‡ ‹•‘– ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ǣ–Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ‘—Ž†ƒ’’‡ƒŽ –‘–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘‡‹–Š‡” ‘ˆ‹”‘”ƒ—Ž–Š‡ ƒ† Š‘  ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǥ ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ‹”• –Š‹•ǡ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘ƒ’’‡ƒŽ–Š‹•†‡ ‹•‹‘–‘–Š‡ ƒ• ’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”‹–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dz͹ͶǢ

˹–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒ†‡†‹ ƒ–‡†•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•‘Ž‹‡ǣ  DzͳͺǤŠ‡‘Ž‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘—Ž†„‡†‘‡–Š”‘—‰Š•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ™‡„•‹–‡•–‘ „‡†‡•‹‰‡†„›–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ƒ†™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽ‡‡†–‘„‡ ‡”–‹ˆ‹‡† ƒ†‘‹–‘”‡†„›–Š‡ ‘’‡–‡–ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹™Š‹ Š‹–  ͹ʹIbid.ǡIII.ǡ‘Ǥͳͳǡ’Ǥ͵Ǥ ͹͵Ibid.ǡIII.ǡ‘Ǥͳʹǡ’’Ǥ͵ǦͶǤ ͹ͶIbid.ǡIII.ǡ‘ǤͳͶǡͳͶǤͳǡͳͶǤʹǡ’’Ǥ͵ǦͶǤ

ͻͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

™‹ŽŽ „‡ Žƒ— Š‡†Ǥ ‘‘Ž› ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† „› –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǡ™‘—Ž†„‡™‡Ž ‘‡Ǥ –™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ––Š‡†‹•’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•™Š‘ƒ›‘”ƒ›‘–—•‡‹–dz͹ͷǢ

˹–‘†‹• —••ƒ„‘—–’”‘Ž‘‰‹‰–Š‡’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǣ  DzͳͻǤͳʹǦ‘–Š’‡”‹‘†™‘—Ž†„‡•—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ƒ•‘–Š‡‘‡Šƒ†ǡ•‹‰ƒǦ –—”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘™‹ŽŽ‘–„‡‡ƒ•›‘”ˆƒ•–Ǣ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†Š‘™‡˜‡”ƒ Ž‘‰‡”’‡”‹‘†‹‰Š–Œ‡‘’ƒ”†‹œ‡–Š‡Ǯ‘‡–—ǯǤ †‡‡†ǡ ‹–‹œ‡•™‹ŽŽ Ž‘•‡‹–‡”‡•–‹ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡–ƒ‡•–‘‘— Š–‹‡ƒ†–Š‡ ™‘—Ž† ‘–„‡‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ƒ›‘”‡dz͹͸Ǣ

˹–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ†–Š‡–‹‡Ž‹‡ˆ‘”–Š‡˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰Ǧ ƒ–—”‡•ǣ  DzʹͲǤ Š‡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ Ž‡ˆ– –‘ –Š‡  ƒ† „‡ †‡ƒŽ–™‹–Š™‹–Š‹͵Ǧ‘–Š•Ǥƒ†‘ Š‡ ••‡‡–‘„‡–Š‡‘•–‡ˆǦ ˆ‹ ‹‡–™ƒ›–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‹•‹••—‡dz͹͹Ǣ

˹ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ‹‹‰–‘‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‘—– ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ǣ  DzʹͳǤŠ‡‘‹••‹‘™‹ŽŽ–Š‡‡‰ƒ‰‡‹–‘ƒ–™‘Ǧ•–‡’’”‘ ‡••™Š‹ Š ™‹ŽŽ‹ Ž—†‡ƒŠ‡ƒ”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ǣ Ǧ ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ•’‡ –•‘ˆ–Š‡ ™‹–Š‹–™‘‘–Š•Ǣ Ǧƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™—’–Šƒ–‹–™‹ŽŽ‰‹˜‡ǡ‘”‘–ǡ–‘–Š‡  Ǥ –• ‘ Ž—•‹‘••Š‘—Ž†„‡•‡––‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ƒ†‡šǦ ’Žƒ‹‡†‹ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š‡ǡ–‘„‡’—„Ǧ Ž‹•Š‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ† ‘ –Š‡   •’‡ ‹ˆ‹  ™‡„•‹–‡ǤŠ‹••Š‘—Ž†„‡†‘‡™‹–Š‹–™‘‘–Š•ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ  ʹʹǤ‘‡•—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡•Š‘—Ž†ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‘’–ƒ”‡•‘Ž—Ǧ –‹‘‘‡˜‡”› –Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ‰ƒ–Š‡”‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ͹ͺ  Š‡Žƒ•––™‘•‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‹‰‘ —‡–’”‘’‘•‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ •‘Ž—–‹‘•ƒ† ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǣ

˹DzVI. Final decision and different ways to follow up on an ECI:

 ͹ͷIbid.ǡIV. Collection of Signaturesǡ‘Ǥͳͺǡ’ǤͶǤ ͹͸Ibid.ǡIV.ǡ‘Ǥͳͻǡ’ǤͶǤ ͹͹Ibid.ǡV. Once One Million Signatures Have Been Collectedǡ‘ǤʹͲǡ’ǤͶǤ ͹ͺIbid.ǡV.ǡ‘•Ǥʹͳƒ†ʹʹǡ’’ǤͶǦͷǤ

ͻ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

 ʹ͵ǤŠ‹••–‡’‹•‘ˆ—–‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ•–Š‹•‹•™Šƒ–‹ˆƒ –ƒ‡• –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ „‡–™‡‡ ’‡–‹–‹‘• ƒ†  •Ǥ ˆ –Š‹• •–‡’ ‹• ‘– Ž‡ƒ” ‡‘—‰Šǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡• ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ Ž‡•• ‹ ‡–‹˜‡ –‘ —•‡ –Š‹• ‡Ǧ Šƒ‹•Ǥ

˹VI.I. If the Commission decides to put forward a proposal:  ʹͶǤ –•Š‘—Ž††”ƒˆ–ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ™‹–Š‹ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡Ž‹‹–ǡ™Š‹ Š ‘—Ž† „‡–Š‡•ƒ‡ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ •‘” ‘—Ž†„‡†‡ ‹†‡†‘ƒ ƒ•‡Ǧ„›Ǧ ƒ•‡„ƒ•‹•Ǥ

˹VI.II. If the Commission decides not to do so:  ʹͷǤ ‘ ƒ˜‘‹† †‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ƒ† –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– ‹–‹œ‡• ˆ‡‡Ž –Šƒ– –Š‡› Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ Ž‹•–‡‡† –‘ǡ ‹– ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –Šƒ– –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘—–Ǧ Ž‹‡•–Š‡ˆƒŽŽ„ƒ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•Ǥ‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘’–‹‘•™‘—Ž†„‡‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ǣ  ʹͷǤͳǤ ‹”•–‘ˆƒŽŽǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ ‘—Ž†•–‹ŽŽ†‡ ‹†‡–‘’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ ’”‘’‘•‹–‹‘”‡•—Ž–‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ –Šƒ–Šƒ•‘–‰ƒ‹‡†‡‘—‰Š•—’Ǧ ’‘”–„—–†‘‡•”ƒ‹•‡ƒ˜ƒŽ‹†‹••—‡Ǥ  ʹͷǤʹǤ‘— ‹Žƒ† ‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘–ƒ‡ƒ‘Ǧ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž —’ƒ ‘”†Ǧ ‹‰–‘–Š‡‹”‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡”‹‰Š–•ǤŠ‡ ‘—Ž†‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Š‘Ž†Š‡ƒ”‹‰• ‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ȋ—’‘”‡“—‡•–‘ˆ‹–• ‘‹––‡‡•‘”‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‰”‘—’•Ȍƒ†ƒ†‘’–ƒ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǥ  ʹͷǤ͵Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒȋ•‡–‘—–‹–Š‡‘ȏ—Ž‡•‘ˆ”‘ ‡†—”‡Ȑ‘ˆ–Š‡Ȍ ƒ”‡‡–ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ‘—Ž†–—”–Š‡ ‹–‘ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡Ǥ  ʹͷǤͶǤŠ‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•†‡ ‹•‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡•—„Œ‡ ––‘ƒ’’‡ƒŽ–‘–Š‡  ȏ—”‘’‡ƒ‘—”–‘ˆ —•–‹ ‡ȐǤ

˹VII. Other provisions:  ʹ͸Ǥ – ‘—Ž†„‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘•’‡ ‹ˆ›–Šƒ–‹–•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ Žƒ— Šƒ ƒ•‹‰ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ—Ž‡–‘ˆƒ”‡ ‡–Ž›ƒ†‘’–‡†’‹‡ ‡ ‘ˆŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ  ʹ͹ǤŠ‡‹– ‘‡•–‘–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ–Š‡”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ƒ”‡‘’‡–‘ ƒ›•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•‘™Šƒ–‹–•Š‘—Ž†Ȁ ‘—Ž††‘ƒ†‘–Š‡‡‡†–‘ƒ Ǧ –—ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”ƒŽ‹•‡‹–Ǥ  ʹͺǤƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•™‘—Ž†’”‘„ƒ„Ž›‘–Šƒ˜‡ƒˆ‘”ƒŽ”‘Ž‡„—– –Š‡› ™‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ •—’’‘”– ƒ† ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡Ǧ ‡––‘ƒ› –Šƒ––Š‡›™‹•ŠǤ  ʹͻǤŠ‡”‘Ž‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ†–Š‡‘ ‘—Ž†’Žƒ›ƒŽ•‘”‡“—‹”‡•ˆ—”Ǧ –Š‡””‡ˆŽ‡ –‹‘Ǥ  ͵ͲǤ•‹ƒ›‘–Š‡”—”‘’‡ƒ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡

ͻ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘•‡‹œ‡–Š‡„—†•’‡”•‘‹ ƒ•‡•‘ˆƒŽƒ†‹‹•–”ƒǦ –‹‘Ǥ  ͵ͳǤŠ‡”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡”‘Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡„—†•’‡”•‘ ‘—Ž† „‡ƒ††”‡••‡†‹–Š‡”‡ ‹–ƒŽ•ƒ•–Š‡›™‘—Ž†‘–„‡ƒ›†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––Šƒ ‹ƒ›‘–Š‡”’”‘ ‡†—”‡„—–‡–‹‘‹‰–Š‡ ‘—Ž†ƒ‡–Š‡”‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘‡ƒ•‹‡”–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ†‘”‡—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›Ǥ  ͵ʹǤ‘ƒ‡–Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ•—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡–Š‡”ƒ’Ǧ ’‘”–‡—”•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–ƒǮ•‡”•ǯ‰—‹†‡–‘–Š‡ ǯ•Š‘—Ž†„‡†”ƒˆ–‡† ȏǥȐdzǤ͹ͻ  Š‡•—„•‡“—‡–•–‡’•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ƒ‡‡–‹‰–Š‡ ‘–Š‡ͳʹ —Ž›™‹–Š –Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ‡‰‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡ƒ†‘͵Ͳ ‡’–‡„‡” ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒǦ ‡–•Ǥ Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡’”‘ ‡‡†‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡ ǡͺͲ‹ Ž—†‹‰Š‡ƒ”‹‰•™Š‡”‡ –Š‡”‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†–‘„‡•‘‡ ‘˜‡”‰‡ ‡‘–Š‡ƒˆ‘”‡‡–‹‘‡†’”‘’‘•Ǧ ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡‡š’‡”–•Š‡ƒ”†ƒŽ•‘‹ Ž—†‡† ò”‰‡‡›‡”ƒ†–Š‡ˆ‘”‡””ƒ’Ǧ ’‘”–‡—”ƒ—ˆƒ™Š‘ •’‘‡Dz„‘–Š ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ‘‹••‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ –‘ ƒ‡‹–ƒ†ƒ–‘”›ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•‘ˆƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘•—’’Ž›–Š‡‹”  ȏ †‡–‹ˆ›‘ —‡–Ȑ ƒ”†—„‡”•dzƒ†•—’’‘”–‡†Dz‡š–‡†‹‰–Š‡–‹‡ ƒŽŽ‘™‡†ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ˆ”‘ͳʹ–‘ͳͺ‘–Š•dzǤͺͳŽ•‘–Š‡‹Ǧ

 ͹ͻIbid.ǡVI. Final Decision and Different Ways to Follow up on an ECIǢVII. Other Provi- sionsǡ’ǤͷǤƒ”‹‘—•ƒ ƒ†‡‹ •ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ––Š‡‘‹••‹‘‹•‘–ˆ”‡‡–‘†‡ ‹†‡™Š‡–Š‡”‘” ‘––‘‰‘ƒŠ‡ƒ†™‹–Š–Š‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•—‰‰‡•–‡†ˆ‘”ƒ –Šƒ–‡‡–•–Š‡”‡“—‹•‹Ǧ –‡•ƒ†Šƒ•’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›„‡‡Œ—†‰‡†ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ǡ„—–™Š‹ ŠŠƒ•–Š‡†—–›–‘ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ’”‘Ǧ ’‘•ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡‘— ‹Ž™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž†–Š‡Šƒ˜‡–‘†‡ ‹†‡‘™Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡ †‘‡Ǣ ˆǤǤƒ—”‡”ǡǤ‘‰‡ŽǡDie Europäische Bürgerinitiative, Chancen, Grenzen und Um- setzungsempfehlungenȏThe European Citizens’ Initiative, Opportunities, Limitations and Recommendations for ImplementationȐǡ –‹ˆ–—‰ ‹••‡• Šƒˆ– —† ‘Ž‹–‹ ȋ ‡—Ǧ –• Š‡• •–‹–—–ˆò” –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡‘Ž‹–‹—†‹ Š‡”Š‡‹–ǡ–—†‹‡ʹͺȌ –‘„‡”ʹͲͲͻǡ’’Ǥ ʹ͸ǦʹͺǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•™’Ǧ„‡”Ž‹Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ ‘‘Ȁ‰‡–̴†‘ —‡–Ǥ’Š’ǫƒ••‡–̴‹†α͸Ͷ͵ͳǤ ͺͲ‡‡”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡHopes and Doubts over EP Electoral Reform and Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ͵Ͳ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡Ȁ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͲͻʹ͹ ͺ͵͹ͳͶǤ ͺͳ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽƒˆˆƒ‹”•ǡHearing on Citizens’ Initiative Rules: “We Don’t Want Red Tape”ǡͷ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡Ȁ ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͳͲͲͶ ͺͶͻ͸ͺǤ

ͻͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‹—ƒ‰‡„‡‹‰‘˜‡†–‘ͳ͸‹••‡‡ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž›™‹–Š•‘‡’”‘˜‹•‘•Ǥͺʹ Š‡ ”‡“—‡•–‡†ƒ†™ƒ•‰”ƒ–‡†ƒ„ƒ ‰”‘—†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•–—†› ˆ”‘–Š‡‹”‡ –‘”ƒ–‡Ǧ ‡‡”ƒŽˆ‘” –‡”ƒŽ‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ‘–Š‡’”‡•‡–•‹–Ǧ —ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ǡƒ†‘—”‘’‡ƒŽ‡˜‡Žǡƒ•ˆƒ”ƒ• –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ ‘†‡” –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ‡“—‹’‡– •— Š ƒ• ‘Ž‹‡ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’‘’—Žƒ”‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ”‡ˆ‡”‡†—•‘”’‡–‹–‹‘•‹• ‘ ‡”‡†Ǥͺ͵ —”‹‰–Š‡Œ‘‹– ƒ† ‡‡–‹‰Š‡Ž†‘–Š‡ͻ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ –Š‡Žƒ•–†”ƒˆ–”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡ȋ Ȍ‘ʹͺ –‘„‡”ͺͶ™ƒ•’”‡’ƒ”‡†™‹–Š–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘ ƒ† ‘— ‹Ž ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•ǤͺͷŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘˜‡‡†‘͵Ͳ ‘˜‡„‡”Šƒ†ƒ†‘’–‡†ƒ†”ƒˆ–”‡’‘”–‘–Š‡ ƒ†‰‹˜‡ƒƒ†ƒ–‡–‘ƒ ‰”‘—’ ‘ˆ ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‘”• –‘ •‡‡ ƒ‰”‡‡‡– ‹ ƒ –”‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ ȋ–Š”‡‡Ǧ™ƒ› –ƒŽ• ƒ‘‰–Š‡ǡƒ†‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ȌŽƒ–‡”–Š‡•ƒ‡†ƒ›Ǥͺ͸Š‡‡Ǧ

 ͺʹŠ‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒǡǤƒ•‹‹ȋ ”‘—’ȌǡŠƒ••–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–Š‡‹•‘–‹ˆƒ˜‘—”„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ‘Ž› ‘—–”›™Š‡”‡˜‘–‹‰–ƒ‡•’Žƒ ‡ƒ–ͳ͸›‡ƒ”•‘ˆƒ‰‡‹•—•–”‹ƒǤ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”‹ˆ‘”ƒǦ –‹‘ƒ„‘—––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǡ•‡‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆǦ ˆƒ‹”•ǡCitizens’ Initiativeǡͷ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ’—„Ž‹ Ȁ •–‘”›̴’ƒ‰‡ȀͲͲͳǦͺͶ͸ͺͻǦʹ͹ͶǦͳͲǦͶͲǦͻͲͳǦʹͲͳͲͳͲͲͳͺͶ͸ͲͺǦʹͲͳͲǦͲͳǦͳͲǦ ʹͲͳͲȀ†‡ˆƒ—Ž–̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͺ͵ ‡‡ ǡ ‹”‡ –‘”ƒ–‡Ǧ ‡‡”ƒŽ ˆ‘” –‡”ƒŽ ‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ ‘Ž‹ › ‡’ƒ”–‡–‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‰Š–•ƒ†‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡThe European Citizens’ Initiative Online?”—••‡Ž•ȋ‘–‡

„›Ǥ‡ŠƒǡͶ͵ͷǤ͵͸ͳȌǡ —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ȁ ‘ ‹––‡‡•Ȁ•–—†‹‡•Ȁ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†Ǥ†‘ǫŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α‡Ƭˆ‹Ž‡α͵ʹ͵͵ͳǤ 84ǡ‘‹––‡‡‘‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ Draft Report on the Proposal for a Regula- tion of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ InitiativeȋȏʹͲͳͲȐ ͲͳͳͻȂ͹ǦͲͲͺͻȀʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͲȀͲͲ͹ͶȏȐȌǡƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ǣǤ —”ƒ‹ƒ†Ǥƒƒ••‘—”‡ǡ ƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ˆ‘”–Š‡‘’‹‹‘ǣ Ǥ ¡ˆ‡”ƒ†ǤƒŽŽ‹•ǡ‘‹––‡‡‘‡–‹–‹‘•ǡʹͺ –‘Ǧ „‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀ  ΪΪǦͶͶͷǤͺ͵͸ΪͲʹΪΪ ΪͲȀȀƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͺͷǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡCitizens’ Initiative: Keep It Simpleǡͻ‘˜‡Ǧ „‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦΨʹˆΨʹˆΨʹˆΨ ʹˆΨʹ„ ǦΨʹ„ʹͲͳͲͳͳͲͺ ͻʹ͸ʹͻΨʹ„ͲΨʹ„Ψʹ„Ψʹ„ͲΨʹˆΨʹˆ ƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α ǡCitizen-friendly Consensus on ECI Regulation Getting Closerǡͻ‘˜‡Ǧ „‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’αͷ͸ͺǤ 86 ”‡•• ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ ‘‹––‡‡ǣ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ MEPs Vote for a More User- friendly Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ͵Ͳ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡Ȁ ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͳͳʹͻ Ͳʹ͹ͲͺǤ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‡™ ”‹–‹ ‹••™ƒ•„›–Š‡‹„‡Ǧ ”ƒŽ‡‘ ”ƒ–†”‡™—ˆˆ™Š‘Dzƒ —•‡† ‘‹––‡‡‡„‡”•‘ˆŠƒ˜‹‰˜‘–‡†ˆ‘”ƒ Ǯ˜‡”›”‡•–”‹ –‹˜‡ǯ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡• ‘’‡‘ˆƒ ƒ† Žƒ‹‡† –Šƒ– Ǯ–Š‡ ȏ‹•„‘Ȑ 

ͻͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘‰”‘—’ ‘•‹•–‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•‘‹––‡‡”ƒ’’‘”Ǧ –‡—”•Žƒ‹ƒƒ••‘—”‡ȋǡ ”ƒ ‡Ȍƒ†‹–ƒ —”ƒ‹ȋŽŽ‹ƒ ‡‘ˆ‘ ‹ƒŽǦ ‹•–•Ƭ‡‘ ”ƒ–•ȂƬǡ —‰ƒ”›Ȍǡƒ†–Š‡–™‘‡–‹–‹‘•‘‹––‡‡”ƒ’Ǧ ’‘”–‡—”•ǡ ‹ƒƒ ƒŽŽ‹• ȋǡ ‹–‡† ‹‰†‘Ȍ ƒ† ‡”ƒŽ† ¡ˆ‡” ȋ ”‡‡•Ȁ—”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡ ŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ǡ ‡”ƒ›Ȍǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ •Šƒ†‘™”ƒ’Ǧ ’‘”–‡—”• ‡Ž—–  Š‘Žœ ȋ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‡† ‡ˆ–Ȁ‘”†‹  ”‡‡ ‡ˆ– Ȃ Ȁ ǡ ‡”ƒ›Ȍƒ†‘”–‡‡••‡”• Š‹†–ȋ—”‘’‡‘ˆ ”‡‡†‘ƒ† ‡‘ ”ƒ › Ȃ  ǡ ƒ‡ƒ”ȌǤ Š‡  ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘ ‰”‘—’ Šƒ• ”‡ƒ Š‡† ƒ ‘’”‘‹•‡™‹–Š–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡ͺ͹‘•‘‡‹••—‡•Ǥ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ȋ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ†•—‰‰‡•–‡†”‡†— ‹‰–Š‡‹‹Ǧ ——„‡”‘ˆ ‘—–”‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•Ȍƒ†–Š‡‘—Ǧ ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ȋ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ†•–— –‘–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽȌǡ™‡”‡‘˜‡” ‘‡ǤͺͺŠ‡ ”‡ Š ‰‘˜‡”‡– •–ƒ–‡† ”‡ ‡–Ž› –Šƒ–ǡ ‹ Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š ‘— ‹Ž ƒ† ‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘ǡ‹–™ƒ–•–‘‡‡’–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ ‘—–”‹‡•–‘‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”†„—–‹–Š‡‡†ƒƒ‰”‡‡‡–™ƒ•”‡ƒ Š‡†™‹–Šƒ ‹‹—–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†‘ˆ ‘—–”‹‡• ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘‘‡“—ƒ”–‡”Ǥ –Š‡™Š‘Ž‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡›†‡ƒ†•™‡”‡ƒ ‡’–‡†‹–Š‡ †‹• —••‹‘•ǣ

˹–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ ‘ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡ƒ––Š‡’‘‹–‘ˆ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡™‡„•‹–‡ǡ‘–ƒˆ–‡”͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Šƒ˜‡ƒŽǦ ”‡ƒ†›„‡‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†Ǥͺͻ

 ”‡ƒ–› ’”‘˜‹†‡• ˆ‘” ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘ †‡ƒ† ƒ ”‡˜‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ȏȐ ”‡ƒ–‹‡• –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǯǡdzǡ•‡‡MEPs Demand ‘User-friendly’ Citizens’ InitiativeǡDz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡͳ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ’ƒȀ‡’•Ǧ†‡ƒ†Ǧ—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ‡™•ǦͷͲͲͳͷ͸Ǥ ͺ͹ǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡCitizens’ Initiative: EU Institu- tions Close to Final Agreementǡ ͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ‹–Ȁ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͳͳʹͻ Ͳʹ͹ʹͺǤ ͺͺ ‡‡Ǥ”ƒ†ǡMEPs to Back Simpler Petition RulesǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹ ‡dzǡʹͷ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒ˜‘‹ ‡Ǥ ‘Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ‹’‘”–‡†Ȁ‡’•Ǧ–‘Ǧ„ƒ Ǧ•‹’Ž‡”Ǧ ’‡–‹–‹‘Ǧ”—Ž‡•Ȁ͸ͻͷͲ͸Ǥƒ•’šǤ ͺͻ‡‡”–ǤͶDz‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡ’ƒ”ƒͳ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. cit.ǣDzͳǤ”‹‘”–‘‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”– ˆ”‘•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•ˆ‘”ƒ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••ŠƒŽŽ„‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘ ”‡‰‹•–‡” ‹– ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ •‡– ‘—– ‹ ‡š ǡ ‹ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –ƒ––‡”ƒ†‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ Šƒ–‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†‹‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ǡ‹ƒ 

ͳͲͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

˹–‘ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ”‡ ™‡ŽŽǦˆ‘—†‡† ƒ† Šƒ˜‡ ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ †‹‡•‹‘ǡ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘ˆ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– •‡˜‡ ‡„‡”• ‘‹‰ ˆ”‘•‡˜‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡•‡–—’–‘”‡‰‹•–‡”ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ͻͲǣ ˹–Š‡ •‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡• —•– ‘‡ ˆ”‘ ƒ ‹‹— —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ǣ–Š‹•™ƒ•Ž‘™‡”‡†–‘‘‡“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒ–‡•Ȃ•‡˜‡‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ȋƒ•™‡Šƒ˜‡•‡‡ǡ–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ™ƒ•‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”†ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ •Šƒ†•—‰‰‡•–‡†‘‡Ǧˆ‹ˆ–ŠȌǢ ˹–Š‡‘‹••‹‘™‹ŽŽŠ‡Ž’–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ͻͳ‘ˆƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡„›’”‘˜‹†Ǧ ‹‰ƒ—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›‰—‹†‡ƒ†•‡––‹‰—’ƒ’‘‹–‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –ͻʹǢ

 ‘Ž‹‡”‡‰‹•–‡”ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Šƒ–’—”’‘•‡„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ȋDz–Š‡”‡‰‹•–‡”dzȌǤ Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• •ŠƒŽŽ ’”‘˜‹†‡ǡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡‰‹•–‡” ƒ† ™Š‡”‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘ –Š‡‹” ™‡„•‹–‡ǡ ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› —’†ƒ–‡† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ •‘—” ‡• ‘ˆ •—’’‘”– ƒ† ˆ—†‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ˆ–‡”–Š‡”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‹• ‘ˆ‹”‡†‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šʹǡ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ƒ›’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹‘–Š‡”‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ˆ‘” ‹ Ž—•‹‘‹–Š‡”‡‰‹•–‡”ǤŠ‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹–‘‘–Š‡” ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡–Š‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•Ǥ Š‡‘‹••‹‘•ŠƒŽŽ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒ’‘‹–‘ˆ ‘–ƒ –™Š‹ Š’”‘˜‹†‡•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡dzǤ ͻͲ‡‡”–Ǥ͵Dz‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ƒ†ˆ‘”•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•dz‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. citǤǣDz‡“—‹”‡‡–•ˆ‘”‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ƒ†ˆ‘”•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•ǣ ͳǤŠ‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ†„‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡–‘„‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘ ˜‘–‡‹‡Ž‡ –‹‘•–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǥ ʹǤŠ‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••ŠƒŽŽˆ‘”ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–•‡˜‡’‡”•‘•™Š‘ƒ”‡ ”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–•‡˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ǥ ͵ǤŠ‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••ŠƒŽŽ†‡•‹‰ƒ–‡‘‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‘‡•—„•–‹–—–‡ȋǮ–Š‡ ‘–ƒ – ’‡”•‘•ǯȌǡ ™Š‘ •ŠƒŽŽ Ž‹ƒ‹•‡ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š‘—––Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ†™Š‘•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†ƒ–‡†–‘•’‡ƒƒ†ƒ –‘„‡ŠƒŽˆ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ ”‰ƒ‹•‡”•™Š‘ƒ”‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ŠƒŽŽ‘–„‡ ‘—–‡†ˆ‘” –Š‡’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ”‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‡‹‹——„‡””‡“—‹”‡†–‘ˆ‘”ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ ȋǥȌ ͶǤ ‘”†‡”–‘„‡‡Ž‹‰‹„Ž‡–‘•—’’‘”–ƒ’”‘’‘•‡† ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡••ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡–‘„‡‡–‹–Ž‡†–‘˜‘–‡‹‡Ž‡ –‹‘•–‘–Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǥdz ͻͳ‡‡”–ǤʹDz‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•dzǡ’ƒ”ƒ͵‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. citǤǣDzǮ‘”‰ƒǦ ‹•‡”•ǯ ‡ƒ• ƒ–—”ƒŽ ’‡”•‘• ˆ‘”‹‰ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹–••—„‹••‹‘–‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘dzǤ ͻʹǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡCitizens’ initiative: EU Institu- tions Close to Final Agreementǡ ͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ‹–Ȁ 

ͳͲͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

˹ƒ ƒ†ƒ–‘”› ’—„Ž‹  Š‡ƒ”‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡˜‡”› •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡Ǥͻ͵

 ‘’”‘‹•‡™ƒ•ƒŽ•‘”‡ƒ Š‡†‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆŠ‘™–‘˜‡”‹ˆ› –Š‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ •’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǯ•”‡“—‡•–•–‘ƒ‡–Š‡ ˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• ƒ• ‡ƒ•› ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‡ƒ Š ‡„‡” •–ƒ–‡ ™‹ŽŽ†‡ ‹†‡ Š‘™–‘˜‡”‹ˆ›–Š‡‹†‡–‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•Ǥ–Š‹•ƒ•’‡ ––Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ‘ –Š‡ †‡Ž‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ  ƒ”† —„‡”™Š‡•‹‰‹‰ƒ ሺ‹•’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ ––Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ–ƒ”‘Ǧ –‡ –‹‘—’‡”˜‹•‘”Šƒ††‡–‡”‹‡†–Šƒ–  ƒ”†—„‡”•ƒ”‡‘–‡ ‡•Ǧ •ƒ”› ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† ‘– „‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ˆ”‘ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• •—’’‘”–‹‰ ƒ ͻͶሻ  ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͳͳʹͻ Ͳʹ͹ʹͺǤ ‘”ƒ ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡†‡• ”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡  ‡ ‹•‹‘ ‘ ͵Ͳ ‘˜‡„‡” •‡‡ ǡ ”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‹Ž‡ ȀʹͲͳͲȀͲͲ͹Ͷǡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ͵ͲȀͳͳȀʹͲͳͲ Ǧ ǣ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ǡ ͳ•– ”‡ƒ†‹‰Ȁ•‹‰Ž‡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‘‡‹ŽȀ ‹†›”‘ —Ǥ†‘ǫŽƒ‰α‡Ƭ’”‘ —αȀʹͲͳ ͲȀͲͲ͹ͶǤ ͻ͵‡‡”–ǤͳͳDz—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰dz‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. cit.;Compro- mise ECI Regulation Requires Mandatory Public Hearings… but Allows Collection of ID Numbersǡ ͳ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡„›–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’α͸ʹͳǤ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ†’‘•‹–‹‘••‡‡ƒŽ•‘†”‡™‹ŽŽ‹•ǡDz”—••‡Ž• ƒ›• ‹”•– ˜‡” ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‡–‹–‹‘ ‘‡• ‘– ‘—–dzǡ Euobserverǡ ͵Ͳ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—‘„•‡”˜‡”Ǥ ‘ȀͻȀ͵ͳ͵ͺͺǢ Ǥ ƒ”•†‡ǡ Dz‹š‡†  ‡•’‘•‡ –‘ ‡™ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ Žƒ•dzǡ The Parliamentǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–Š‡’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǥ ‘ȀŽƒ–‡•–Ǧ‡™•Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ ‡™•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ‹š‡†Ǧ‡’Ǧ”‡•’‘•‡Ǧ–‘Ǧ‡™Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ’Žƒ•ȀǢ  ”‘—’ǡ ”‡•• ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡEasy Access to the Citizens’ Initiative for a Europe Closer to its Citizens. Alain La- massoure MEPǡ ͵Ͳ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡’’‰”‘—’Ǥ‡—Ȁ’”‡••Ȁ •Š‘™’”Ǥƒ•’ǫ  ‘–”‘Ž‘ ›’‡ αͳƬ‘–”‘Ž αͻͻͳʹƬ‘–‡– αͳ͸ͺͷͶƬ‘–‡– ᇐǢ MEPs Demand ‘User-friendly’ Citizens’ Initiativeǡ Dz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡ ͳ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ’ƒȀ‡’•Ǧ†‡ƒ†Ǧ—•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž›Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ‡™•ǦͷͲͲͳͷ͸Ǥ 94 Š‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ–ƒ ”‘–‡ –‹‘ —’‡”˜‹•‘” ȋȌ Ȃ “—‘–‡†„›–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘” ƒ’ƒ‹‰Ȃ•–ƒ–‡†ǣDzŠ‡–ƒ‡•–Š‡˜‹‡™–Šƒ––Š‡ ƒ†ƒ–‘”›‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‹‡Ž†•‹–Š‡‘†‡Žˆ‘”ƒ”‡ƒŽŽ‡ ‡••ƒ”›ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‘”Ǧ ‰ƒ‹•‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† •‡ —”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ‘ˆ •—’Ǧ ’‘”–ǡ ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ —„‡”Ǥ Š‡  –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡ ‘‡†• †‡Ž‡–‹‰–Š‹•‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‹‡Ž†ˆ”‘–Š‡‘†‡Žˆ‘”‹‡š dzǤ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ‘” Dz–Š‡”‡–‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ —„‡””‡“—‹”‡‡–‹•‘‡ǡ„—–‘–ƒŽŽǡ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ ‡˜‡™Š‡”‡‘––‡ Š‹ ƒŽŽ›‡‡†‡†–‘˜‡”‹ˆ›‹†‡–‹–›ǡƒŽ•‘˜‹‘Žƒ–‡•’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’ŠͶȋ‹–”‘Ǧ †— –‹‘Ȍ‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‹••–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–Ǯ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ”‡•—„Œ‡ ––‘ •‹‹Žƒ” ‘†‹–‹‘• ˆ‘” •—’’‘”–‹‰ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡•• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡ ˆ”‘ ™Š‹ Š –Š‡› ‘‡ǯdzǢ Compromise ECI Regulation Requires Mandatory Public Hear- ings… but Allows Collection of ID Numbersǡ ͳι‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡„›–Š‡  

ͳͲʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒ†–Š‡‹‹—ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•ͻͷ™‡”‡ƒ ‡’–‡†„›–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡”‡•‹•–ƒ ‡‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡••‡‡‡†–‘ „‡Œ—•–ƒ ˆ‡™Ǥͻ͸ ‡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‹ Š ”‡ƒ‹‡† ‘ ‡”• –Š‡ ƒš‹— –‹‡ –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡”•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ•„‡‡‡’–ƒ––™‡Ž˜‡‘–Š•Ǥͻ͹ Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ‘–‹—‡†‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰‹••—‡•ƒ† ƒˆ‹ƒŽƒ‰”‡‡‡–™ƒ•”‡ƒ Š‡†„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†•—’Ǧ ’‘”–‡†„›–Š‡Ǥ͵‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ–Š‡‡’‘”–‘–Š‡”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ Ǧ ™ƒ•ˆ‹‡–—‡†ˆ‘”ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ‹ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ’Ž‡Ǧ ƒ”›•‡••‹‘Ǥͻͺ–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ–Š‹•†‘ —‡–ǡ‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ–Š‡ ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›Žƒ”‰‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›ȋ͸ʹͺ˜‘–‡•‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ǡʹͶƒ„•–‡–‹‘ƒ† ͳͷ ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ͻͻȌ ƒ ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ ˆ‹”•– ”‡ƒ†‹‰ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ‘ –Š‡ †”ƒˆ– 

 ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’α͸ʹͳǤ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ‘” —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡNo ID Card Number from Any ECI Supporter in Any CountryǡͶ‘˜‡Ǧ „‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’αͷʹͶǢ’‹‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ–ƒ”‘Ǧ –‡ –‹‘—’‡”˜‹•‘”‘–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†‘ˆ –Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋʹͲͳͲȀ͵ʹ͵ȀͲͳȌǡOJEUǡ͵ʹ͵ǡ‘ŽǤͷ͵ǡ͵Ͳ‘˜‡Ǧ „‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ ’’Ǥ ͳǦͷǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͳͲǣ ͵ʹ͵ǣͲͲͲͳǣͲͲͲͷǣǣ Ǥ ͻͷ Ǥ‡„ƒ‰ǡCitizens’ Initiative. Clock Ticking as Quest for Compromise ContinuesǡDz—Ǧ ”‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •dzǡ ͳͲ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ‹ˆ‘Ȁ Ž‘ Ǧ–‹ ‹‰Ǧƒ•Ǧ“—‡•–Ǧˆ‘”Ǧ ‘’”‘‹•‡Ǧ ‘–‹—‡•Ǧƒ”–ʹͺ͸͹ͻ͵ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͻ͸Dz͵ȀͶ‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•™‹ŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡ •—’’‘”–‡”•–‘’”‘˜‹†‡‹–”—•‹˜‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ•— Šƒ•  ƒ”†—„‡”•Ǥ‘ˆƒ”ǡ‘Ž›‹‡ ‘—–”‹‡•Šƒ˜‡•–ƒ–‡†–Š‡›™‹ŽŽ‘– ‘ŽŽ‡ –  ƒ”† —„‡”•ǣ ‡Ž‰‹—ǡ ‡ƒ”ǡ •–‘‹ƒǡ ‹Žƒ†ǡ ‡”ƒ›ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡ –Š‡ ‡–Š‡”Ǧ Žƒ†•ǡŽ‘˜ƒ‹ƒƒ†–Š‡‹–‡†‹‰†‘dzǢ Compromise ECI Regulation Requires Manda- tory Public Hearings… but Allows Collection of ID Numbersǡop. citǤ ͻ͹‡‡”–ǤͷDz”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–dzǡ ’ƒ”ƒͷ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. citǤ ͻͺǡReport of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Opinions of the Com- mittee on Petitions, the Committee on Culture and Education and the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (A7-0350/2010) on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ InitiativeȋȋʹͲͳͲȌͲͳͳͻȂ͹Ǧ ͲͲͺͻȀʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͲȀͲͲ͹ͶȋȌȌǡƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ǣǤ —”ƒ‹ƒ†Ǥƒƒ••‘—”‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ ‘‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•Ǧƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ˆ‘”–Š‡‘’‹‹‘ǣ Ǥ ¡ˆ‡”ƒ†ǤƒŽŽ‹•ǡ‘‹–Ǧ –‡‡‘‡–‹–‹‘•ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡ ”‡ ‡α͹ǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͵ͷͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͻͻ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž•‘–Š‹•˜‘–‡•‡‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ˜‘–‡™ƒ– ŠǤ‡—Ȁ š̴˜‘–‡̴†‡–ƒ‹Ž•Ǥ’Š’ǫ‹†̴ ƒ –αͳʹ͹ͺƬŽƒ‰α‡Ǥ

ͳͲ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ‡†‡–• ƒ‰”‡‡† ‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘— ‹ŽǤͳͲͲ Š‡Žƒ––‡”ƒ†‘’–‡†–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‹ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͳ™‹–Š‘—–ˆ—”–Š‡”†‹•Ǧ —••‹‘•‘–Šƒ–‹– ƒ‡‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‹’”‹ŽʹͲͳͳ„—–‹–‘Ž›™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ’’Ž‹Ǧ ƒ„Ž‡ˆ”‘ͳ’”‹ŽʹͲͳʹǡ‘‡›‡ƒ”ƒˆ–‡”ǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒŽŽ‘™‡„‡”–ƒ–‡• ƒ†–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘–ƒ‡–Š‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›‡ƒ•—”‡•–‘‹’Ž‡‡–‹–ǤͳͲͳ Š‹•”‡•—Ž–™ƒ•ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž›ƒ ‡’–‡†„›–Š‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ǧ Ž›‹’”‘˜‡†–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•‹‹–‹ƒŽ’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤDz‡”‡™”‘–‡–™‘–Š‹”†• ‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–dzǡ ¡ˆ‡”ƒˆˆ‹”‡†ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›–‘ƒ‡–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡Dz•‹’Ǧ Ž‡”ǡ ‘”‡ ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡ ƒ† ‘”‡ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–dzǤͳͲʹ‹–•’ƒ”–ǡ–Š‡‡šǦ ’”‡••‡†‹–•ƒ’’”‡ ‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡•’‡‡†™‹–Š™Š‹ Šƒ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–‘–Š‡ Šƒ•„‡‡”‡ƒ Š‡†ǤͳͲ͵

3.2. The Council of the European Union

’”‹ŽʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡’ƒ‹•Š’”‡•‹†‡ ›ƒ†–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡• ‹” —Žƒ–‡† ƒ†‘ —‡–ƒ„‘—––Š‡ ‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡‘–‡†–Š‡”‡ ™‡”‡ˆ‘—”‡›“—‡•–‹‘•–‘†‹• —••ƒ†‘™Š‹ Š–‘ˆ‹† ‘‘ ‰”‘—†™‹–Š‹–Š‡‘–Š‘ˆ —‡ǣ

˹”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹–•ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›ሺ”–ǤͶǡ͹  ͳͲͲ‡‡ǡEuropean Parliament Legislative Resolution of 15 December 2010 on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiative ȋȋʹͲͳͲȌͲͳͳͻȂ͹ǦͲͲͺͻȀʹͲͳͲȂʹͲͳͲȀͲͲ͹ͶȋȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀΪΪ͹ǦǦʹͲͳͲǦ ͲͶͺͲΪͲΪΪΪͲȀȀǢ ǡ Gather a Million Signatures and Ask the EU to Pass a New Lawǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ’Ž‡ƒ”› •‡••‹‘ǡ ͳ͵Ǧͳ͸ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ  Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ’—„Ž‹ Ȁˆ‘ —•̴’ƒ‰‡ȀͲͲͺǦͳͲ͸͵ͶͺǦͲͲͳǦͲͳǦͲͳǦͻͲͳǦ ʹͲͳͲͳʹͲ͵ Ͳ͸͵ʹͺǦͲͳǦͲͳǦʹͲͲ͸ǦʹͲͲ͸Ȁ†‡ˆƒ—Ž–̴’ͲͲͳ Ͳͳͳ̴‡ǤŠ–Ǣ Parliament Gives Go Ahead to Citizens’ Petitionsǡ Dz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡ ͳ͸ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ ‡Ȁ’ƒȀ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǧ‰‹˜‡•Ǧ‰‘ǦƒŠ‡ƒ†Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ’‡–‹–‹‘•Ǧ‡™•ǦͷͲͲ͸ͷʹǤ ͳͲͳ—”‘’ƒ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡•ƒ’‹†ǡCommission Welcomes Agreement on European Citi- zens’ Initiativeȋ ȀͳͲȀͳ͹ʹͲȌͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡•  –‹‘Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡α ȀͳͲȀͳ͹ʹͲƬˆ‘”ƒ–α Ƭƒ‰‡†αͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ‰—‹ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ ᇐǤ ͳͲʹDzȋ) EP/‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ’’”‘˜‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘dzǡ‹Agence Europeǡ—ŽŽ‡Ǧ –‹—‘–‹†‹‡—”‘’‡ǡ‘ͳͲʹ͹ͺǡŠ—”•†ƒ›ǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ͹Ǥ ͳͲ͵ ‡‡ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡‡– „› –Š‡ ˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡–ǡ Agreement on European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ ‘‹••‹‘̴ʹͲͳͲǦʹͲͳͶȀ•‡ˆ ‘˜‹ ȀŠ‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•Ȁ‡™•ȀʹͲͳͲ ȀͳʹȀ‡ ‹̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ

ͳͲͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒ†ͺ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽሻǢ ˹ ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•’‡”‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ሺ”–Ǥ͹ƒ†‡š ሻǢ ˹’”‘ ‡†—”‡• ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ‘ˆ •—’Ǧ ’‘”–ሺ”–Ǥͷƒ†‡š ሻǢ ˹‘Ž‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•›•–‡•ሺ”–Ǥ͸ሻǤͳͲͶ

 —‡ʹͲͳͲǡ†—‡–‘Žƒ ‘ˆƒ ‘•‡•—•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ–Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›’”‘’‘•‡†’”‘‘— ‹‰‘–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ– –Š‡ –‹‡ ‘ˆ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ͳͲͷ ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ‹ ƒ‡†‡– –‘ –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒDz‰‡‡”ƒŽ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘dz™ƒ•ƒ‰”‡‡†‘Œ—•–ƒˆ‡™†ƒ›•Žƒ–‡”‘ –Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ‡†‡–’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ǣ

˹”‡†— –‹‘ ˆ”‘ ͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ –‘ ͳͲͲǡͲͲͲ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ˆ‘” ”‡“—‡•–‹‰ –Š‡  ǯ•ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ˹ƒ–Š”‡‡‘–Šሺ‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ–™‘ሻ’‡”‹‘†ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ –‘†‡ ‹†‡‘–Š‡ƒ––‡”ǡ ˹”‡˜‹•‹‰ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ሺ”‡˜‹‡™ Žƒ—•‡ሻ‡˜‡”›–Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”•‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆ ‡˜‡”›ˆ‹˜‡ǡƒ•Šƒ†„‡‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǤͳͲ͸

–Š‡•‡ ‘†”‡˜‹‡™‡†˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ‹–•‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘— ‹ŽƒŽ•‘–ƒ•‡† –Š‡™‹–Š†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ƒ‘’‡Ǧ•‘—” ‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡•›•–‡ ‘’Ž‹ƒ–™‹–Š –Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ˆ‘””‡ ‘”†‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•‘Ž‹‡ǡͳͲ͹ƒŽ•‘’”‘˜‹†‹‰–Š‡–‡ ŠǦ  ͳͲͶ‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ8796/10, Inter-institutional File:2010/0074 (COD)ǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡʹͳ ’”‹ŽʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’†ˆȀ‡ȀͳͲȀ•–ͲͺȀ•–Ͳͺ͹ͻ͸Ǥ‡ͳͲǤ’†ˆǤ ͳͲͷ ‘— ‹Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ 10626/1/10 REV 1, Inter-institutional File: 2010/0074 (COD)ǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ͳͳ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’†ˆȀ‡ȀͳͲȀ•–ͳͲȀ•–ͳͲ͸ʹ͸Ǧ ”‡ͲͳǤ‡ͳͲǤ’†ˆǤ ͳͲ͸‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡAgreement on Draft Regulation Implementing the European Citi- zens’ Initiativeǡ —š‡„‘—”‰ ȋͳͳͲͻͻȀͳͲ  ͳ͹ͺȌǡ ͳͶ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’†ˆȀ‡ȀͳͲȀ•–ͳͳȀ•–ͳͳͲͻͻǤ‡ͳͲǤ’†ˆǢ‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ ‡‡”ƒŽˆǦ ˆƒ‹”•ǡ Press Release 3022nd Council Meetingǡ —š‡„‘—”‰ǡ ͳͶ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡• –‹‘Ǥ†‘ǫ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αȀͳͲȀͳ͹ͶƬˆ‘”ƒ–α Ƭƒ‰‡†αͲƬ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ‰—‹ƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α‡Ǥ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‡‡”ƒŽ ˆˆƒ‹”• ‘— ‹Žǡ Developments in the European Citizens’ Initiative Among Achievements of Spanish Presidency of EUǡ ͳͶ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ—‡ʹͲͳͲǤ„‹œȀ‡Ȁ†‘ —‡–‘•›‘–‹ ‹ƒ•Ȁ‘–‹ ‹ƒ•ȀŒ—ͳͶ̴ ƒ‰ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳͲ͹‡‡”–Ǥ͸ǡ’ƒ”ƒʹǡ ǤͶDzŽ‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•›•–‡dz‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀ ʹͲͳͳǡ op. cit.ǣ Dz› ͳ ƒ—ƒ”› ʹͲͳʹǡ –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ •‡– —’ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ‘’‡Ǧ•‘—” ‡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ƒ† •‡ —”‹–› ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‡ ‡••ƒ”›ˆ‘” ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‹•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡ ‘Ž‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•›•–‡•ǤŠ‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ”‡‡‘ˆ Šƒ”‰‡dzǤ

ͳͲͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‹ ƒŽ ƒ† •‡ —”‹–› ”‡“—‹•‹–‡• •–ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ƒŽ‹•–‘ˆ ’‘••‹„Ž‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘†‘ —‡–•”‡“—‹”‡†ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š—”‘’‡ƒ ‘—–”›ǤͳͲͺ Š‡ ‡Ž‰‹ƒ ’”‡•‹†‡ › ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘— ‹Žǡ ™Š‹ Š –‘‘ ‘˜‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ’ƒ‹•Š’”‡•‹†‡ ›‘ͳ —Ž›ǡ•–ƒ–‡†‹–•‹–‡–‹‘–‘”‡ƒ Šƒ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹Ǧ –—–‹‘ƒŽƒ‰”‡‡‡–™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ „›ͳ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ‡šǦ ƒ –Ž›ƒ›‡ƒ”ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–› ƒ‡‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡ǤͳͲͻ • ‡–‹‘‡† ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‹•Šƒ’’‡‡†‘͵Ͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ–Šƒ•–‘ƒ–‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡ƒŽ Šƒ‡”‡†‘—–„‡–™‡‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ ‘— ‹Žȋ–”‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡‡‡–‹‰Ȍǡ™Š‹ Š‡–‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡•ǯ†‡ƒ†•Ǥ ͺ ‡ ‡„‡” ƒ ƒ„ƒ••ƒ†‘”‹ƒŽ ‘”‡’‡” ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ –Š‡   –‘‘ ’Žƒ ‡ ƒ†‹ˆ‘”‡†–Š‡„›Ž‡––‡”‘ˆ–Š‡—†‡”–ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ –‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǯ•’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š”–ǤʹͻͶ’ƒ”ƒͶ‘ˆ –Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘–Š‡ — –‹‘‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ǤͳͳͲ––Š‡ ‘”‡‹‰ ‹‹•–‡”•ǯ‡‡–‹‰‘ͳͶ‡ ‡„‡”ǡ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡‡†‘”•‡†–Š‡ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–”‡ƒ Š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡‘ƒ†”ƒˆ–”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥͳͳͳ• „‡ ƒ‡ ƒ’’ƒ”‡– ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‘‡›‡ƒ”–‘‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡–Š‡‡™Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘‹–‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Žƒ™ǡƒ•ƒ‰”‡‡†ƒ––Š‡–”‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡‡‡–‹‰Ǥͳͳʹ•”‡“—‡•–‡†„›–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ

 ͳͲͺ ‘— ‹Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ 10626/2/10 REV 2, Inter-institutional File:2010/0074 (COD)ǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ʹʹ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’†ˆȀ‡ȀͳͲȀ•–ͳͲȀ•–ͳͲ͸ʹ͸Ǧ ”‡ͲʹǤ‡ͳͲǤ’†ˆǤ ͳͲͻ “‡Ž‰‹— ƒ–• ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡ƒŽ „› ‡ ‡„‡”dzǡ Euractivǡ ʹʹ —Ž› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‡—Ȁ„‡Ž‰‹—Ǧ™ƒ–•Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ†‡ƒŽǦ†‡ ‡ „‡”Ǧ‡™•ǦͶͻ͸ͷ͸ͷǢ•‡‡ƒŽ•‘‡Ž‰‹ƒ”‡•‹†‡ ›‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡVanackere Takes Interim Stock of the Presidencyǡ ‡™•ǡ ʹ  –‘„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—–”‹‘Ǥ „‡Ȁ’”‡•• ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡Ȁ˜ƒƒ ‡”‡Ǧ–ƒ‡•Ǧ‹–‡”‹Ǧ•–‘ Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡ ›ǢL’initiative citoyenne, un beau projet pour tous les citoyens européensǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—–”‹‘Ǥ„‡Ȁˆ”Ȁ„Ž‘‰ȀŽǦ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ‹–‘›‡‡Ǧ —Ǧ„‡ƒ—Ǧ’”‘Œ‡–Ǧ’‘—”Ǧ–‘—•ǦŽ‡•Ǧ ‹–‘›‡•Ǧ‡—”‘’‡‡•Ǥ ͳͳͲDz ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ’’”‘˜‡•–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǯ•’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ƒ – ‘ ‡”‡† •ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‘’–‡†‹–Š‡™‘”†‹‰™Š‹ Š ‘””‡•’‘†•–‘–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ǧ Ž‹ƒ‡–dzǤ ͳͳͳ‡‡Council Gives Green Light to the Compromise on European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ Dz—”‘ƒŽ‡”–dzǡͳͶ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘ƒŽ‡”–Ǥ‡–Ȁ‡Ȁ‡™•Ǥƒ•’šǫ‹†αͳͳ͵ͲͶǤ ͳͳʹǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ‘‹––‡‡ǣ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ǡ Citizens’ Initiative: EU Insti- tutions Close to Final Agreementǡͳ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‹–Ȁ ’”‡••”‘‘Ȁ ‘–‡–ȀʹͲͳͲͳͳʹͻ Ͳʹ͹ʹͺǢ ‘— ‹Ž ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ Council Approves Compro- mise with Parliament on the European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ”—••‡Ž• ȋͳ͹ͺ͹͸ȀͳͲǡ ”‡••‡ ͵ͶͻȌǡ ͳͶ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ—‡†‘ •Ȁ •̴ƒ–ƒȀ†‘ •Ȁ 

ͳͲ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

–Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹‘ǡ ‹‹— ƒ‰‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ˆ‘”   ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ„‡–Š‡•ƒ‡ƒ•–Šƒ–•‡–ˆ‘”˜‘–‹‰‹‡Ž‡ –‹‘•ǡƒ†™‹ŽŽ˜ƒ”›ƒ Ǧ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‘—–”›ǤŠ‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†‘Ž›‘‡›‡ƒ”ƒˆ–‡”‹–Šƒ•„‡‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹–Š‡ˆˆ‹Ǧ ‹ƒŽ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒ„‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†‘Ž› ˆ”‘ͳ’”‹ŽʹͲͳʹǤ Š‡‡Ž‰‹ƒ”‡•‹†‡ ›ƒ––ƒ‹‡†‹–•ƒ‹‘ˆ„‡‰‹‹‰–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡Ǧ –ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ǤŽ‹˜‹‡”Šƒ•–‡Žǡ–Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‰‹ƒ”‡•‹Ǧ †‡ ›‘ˆ–Š‡‘— ‹Žǡ Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ––Š‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–™ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‘ˆ‹–• ‹†‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†ǡ‹•‘ˆƒ”ƒ•‹–‹˜‘Ž˜‡•ǡDz’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ–ƒ •—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡ŽdzǤͳͳ͵

3.3. The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC)

Š‡‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–‘’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ†—ƒŽ”‘Ž‡Dzƒ•ƒ facilitator‘ˆ‡„”›‘‹  ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ‡ƒ„Ž‹‰–Š‘•‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†–‘‡–™‘”ƒ†’‘••‹„Ž›–‘ ‡‡–dz ƒ† Dzƒ• ƒ institutional mentorǡ ‹••—‹‰ ƒ ‘’‹‹‘ –‘ ƒ••‹•– –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ƒ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡŠ‘Ž†‹‰Š‡ƒ”‹‰•ǡƒ† •‘ ‘dzǤͳͳͶ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ› Dz–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ –ƒ‡ ’ƒ”– ‹ ’—„Ž‹ ‹–› ƒ’ƒ‹‰•dzǤͳͳͷ Š‡‡š’”‡••‡†–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’‘•‹–‹‘•‘–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡ ‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘–‘„‡ƒ’’”‘˜‡†Ǥ –ǣ

˹•—’’‘”–•–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡”‡†— –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹Ǧ ‹——„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•–‘‘‡“—ƒ”–‡”Ǣ

 ’”‡••†ƒ–ƒȀȀ‰‡ƒˆˆȀͳͳͺͶ͸ͷǤ’†ˆǤ ͳͳ͵ ‡‡ Dz(Ȍ Ȁ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ • ’’”‘˜‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘dzǡ ‹ Agence Europe ȋ—ŽŽ‡–‹—‘–‹†‹‡—”‘’‡ǡ‘ͳͲʹ͹ͺȌǡŠ—”•†ƒ›ͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ͹Ǥ ͳͳͶǡOpinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citizens’ Initiativeǡ COM(2010) 119 final - 2010/0074 (COD)ǡ SCO/001Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ”—••‡Ž•Ǥ ƒ’’‘”Ǧ –‡—”Ǧ‰‡‡”ƒŽǣ ‡Ǧƒ”‹‡ ‹‰—†ǡ ͳͶ —Ž› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡‡• ‘’‹‹‘•Ǥ‡‡• Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ ‡‡• ‘’‹‹‘†‘ —‡–Ǥƒ•’šǫŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α‡Ƭ†‘ ”αͻͻ͵Ƭ›‡ƒ”αʹͲͳͲǢ ǡʹͲͳͳȀͶͶȀ͵Ͷǡ ͳͳ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͳǡ ’’Ǥ ͳͺʹǦͳͺͷǡ  Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ —”‹α ǣǣʹͲͳͳǣͲͶͶǣͲͳͺʹǣͲͳͺͷǣǣ Ǥ ͳͳͷIbid.

ͳͲ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

˹’”‘’‘•‡•–Š‡”‡†— –‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ˆ‘””‡“—‡•–‹‰ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›–‘ ͷͲǡͲͲͲǢ ˹”‡“—‡•–•‰”‡ƒ–‡”’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ‹†‡–‹–›†ƒ–ƒǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒŽ•‘ƒ˜‘‹†‹‰–‘‘ ƒ›†‡ƒ†•ˆ‘”‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘†‘ —‡–•ǡ‡š ‡’–ˆ‘”ƒ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”‡Ǧ “—‡•–ˆ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‘„‡•—’’Ž‹‡†ˆ”‘ǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ—Ǧ ”‘’‡ ‹–‹œ‡•‘–”‡•‹†‡–‹–Š‡Ǣ ˹•—‰‰‡•–•‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒDzŠ‡Ž’†‡•dzƒ†ƒ‰—‹†‡ –‘—•‹‰–Š‡ Ǥ

3.4. The Committee of Regions (CoR)

Š‡‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ‡‰‹‘•–‘‘ƒ‰”‡‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†• ‡”–ƒ‹‹•Ǧ •—‡•ǣ

˹”‡†— –‹‘‘ˆ ‘—–”‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†–‘ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆƒ–Š‹”†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ǣ ˹”‡“—‡•––‘‘–Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘–Š‡ –‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ „—––‘ƒ ‘‹––‡‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǯ•Dz—Ž–‹’Ž‡‰‘˜‡”‡–dz ሺǡ‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ǡƒ†ሻǢ ˹–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ǡ™Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ ǡ‘ˆ”‡•’‡ –‹‰ ‘—‹–› ‘’‡–‡ ‡•ǡ–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ–Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ‹ƒ––‡”•‘ˆˆ—†ƒǦ ‡–ƒŽ”‹‰Š–•ƒ†‘ˆ•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–›Ǥ

–ƒŽ•‘ˆ‡‡Ž•‹–‹•‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘ ”‡ƒ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‡–”‡•‹˜ƒ”‹‘—•’Žƒ Ǧ ‡•‹–Š‡ƒ†–‡ Š‹ ƒŽƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ˆ‘”–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‰ǡ™Š‹ Š•Š‘—Ž† „‡ –ƒ‡‘˜‡”„›–Š‡Ǥͳͳ͸

 ͳͳ͸Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on the European Citizens’ Initiativeȋ Ǧ ǦǦͲͲ͹Ȍǡͺͷ–Š’Ž‡ƒ”›•‡••‹‘ǡͻǦͳͲ —‡ʹͲͳͲǤƒ’’‘”–‡—”ǣǤƒ•‹‹ȋƒ”–›‘ˆ—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ǡȌǡ”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡”‘˜‹ ‡‘ˆ‡‰‰‹‘‹Ž‹ƒȋ –ƒŽ›ȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ ‘”‘’‹ ‹‘•Ǥ ‘”Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ ‘”‘’‹‹‘†‘ —‡–Ǥƒ•’šǫŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡α‡Ƭ†‘ ”αͳ͸͹Ƭ›‡ƒ”αʹͲͳͲǢ  ǡʹͲͳͲȀʹ͸͹Ȁͳʹǡͳ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’’Ǥͷ͹Ǧ͸͵ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͳͲǣʹ͸͹ǣͲͲͷ͹ǣͲͲ͸͵ǣǣ ǢCitizens’ Initiative - the CoR Finds the Commission Proposal Over-Complicatedǡ ‘ ”‡•• ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ ͳͲ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ ‘”Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’ƒ‰‡•Ȁ‡–ƒ‹Ž‡’Žƒ–‡Ǥƒ•’šǫ˜‹‡™α†‡–ƒ‹ŽƬ‹†αͶͷʹ͹͵ͶˆˆǦ ͳƒ͸ǦͶ͹Ͷ„Ǧ ƒ†„͹Ǧ„Ͷˆˆ ͳ ͵ˆͻ ͵ǢOpinion of the Committee of the Regions on the European Citizens’ Ini- tiativeȋʹͲͳͲȀʹ͸͹ȀͳʹȌǡOJEU,ʹ͸͹ǡ‘ŽǤͷ͵ǡͳ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ǦŽ‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α ǣǣʹͲͳͲǣʹ͸͹ǣͲͲͷ͹ǣͲͲ͸͵ǣǣ Ǥ

ͳͲͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ͳͳ͹ 3.5. European parties

Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘•‡š’”‡••‡†„›–Š‡’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”›‰”‘—’•ƒ†„›–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡• ƒ„‡‘Ž›„”‹‡ˆŽ›”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘Š‡”‡Ǥͳͳͺ –Š‡Group of European People’s Party in the EP (EPP Group)ƒ”‡Ǧ “—‡•–™ƒ•”‡’‡ƒ–‡†ˆ‘” ƒ—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ǡ Ž‡ƒ”ǡ Š‡ƒ’ ǡ ˆ‘”™Š‹ Š –Š‡‹•ƒ•‡†–‘’Žƒ›ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‘ˆ’”‘˜‹†‹‰‘’‹‹‘•–‘–Š‡ ƒ„‘—– –Š‡  • ‹ ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• „‡‹‰ ”‡Œ‡ –‡† ™‹–Š‘—–Šƒ˜‹‰ˆ—ŽŽ›—†‡”•–‘‘†–Š‡—†‡”Ž›‹‰”‡ƒ•‘•†—‡–‘’‘‘”‹Ǧ ˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡  •—’’‘”–• Ž‘•‡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ˆ‘” ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ –Š‡  ǡ ”‡ ‘‡†• –Š‡ —•‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‡–ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ†ˆ‘”–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡƒ‹‰ƒ ’”‘‘— ‡‡– ‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› „‡ˆ‘”‡ ƒ “—‹”‹‰ ƒ ‡š ‡••‹˜‡ —„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡƒ†Šƒ”‘‹•‹‰–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡•Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡˜‘–‡ ‘–Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”–Š‡‰”‘—’ˆ—ŽŽ›•—’’‘”–‡†–Š‡ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–ǡ™Š‹ ŠŠƒ†„‡‡”‡ƒ Š‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡   ‘Ǧ”ƒ’’‘”–‡—” Žƒ‹ ƒƒ••‘—”‡ ȋʹͶͻ • ‹ ˆƒ˜‘—” ƒ† ʹ ƒ„Ǧ •–ƒ‹‡†Ȍǡͳͳͻ‘’–‹‹•–‹ ‘–Š‡ˆ—–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ•‹–™ƒ•‘’‡–‘ƒŽŽ‹Ǧ  ͳͳ͹ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–ƒ‡Ȃ—Ž‡••‘–Š‡”™‹•‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†Ȃˆ”‘Ǥ ƒŽŽƒ‹•ǡInventaire des prises de position sur la mise en place de l’Initiative Citoyenne Européenne prévue à l’article 11, paragraphe 4, du traité sur l’Union européenneǡ —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀˆ‘”—Ǧ ‹˜‹ŽǦ •‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ  Ȁ’†ˆ̴ƒ’’‘”–̴‡”–‹ŽŽ‡̴ ƒŽŽƒ‹•Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͳͳͺ ‘”–Š‡•’‡‡ Š‡•„›”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆƒŽŽ–Š‡’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”›‰”‘—’•‘ˆ–Š‡‹ –Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ––Š‡’Ž‡ƒ”›•‡••‹‘ƒ†„‡ˆ‘”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ •‡‡ ǡ Debates, Development of the European Citizens’ Initiative Based on Article 11(4) of the Treaty on European Unionǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡʹͶƒ” ŠʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͲ͵ʹͶƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͳ͵Ƭ ˆ‘”ƒ–αƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ‘”–Š‡†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ†–Š‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ˜‘–‡‹–Š‡’Ž‡ƒ”› •‡••‹‘ ‘ˆ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲ ™Š‡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ”‡ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡   ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ™ƒ• ƒ’Ǧ ’”‘˜‡†ǡƒ‡†‡†ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡‘‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†„›–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ ǡ ‘— ‹Ž ƒ†  •‡‡ ǡ Debates, 6. Citizens’ Initiative (debate)ǡ –”ƒ•Ǧ „‘—”‰ǡ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡α Ƭ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͳʹͳͷƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͲ͸ƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ”‹‰α͹ǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͵ͷͲǢ ǡDebates, Explanations of Voteǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͳʹͳͷƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͳͲƬ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ”‹‰α͹ǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͵ͷͲ͓͵Ǧ͵ͷͶǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡– ‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ–›’‡αƬ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡αʹͲͳͲͳʹͳͷƬ•‡ ‘†‡ˆα ǦͲͳͲƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αƬ”‹‰α ͹ǦʹͲͳͲǦͲ͵ͷͲ͓͵Ǧʹ͵ͳǤ ͳͳͻ ”‘—’ǡCitizens’ Initiative: Easy Access for a Europe Closer to its Citizens. Alain 

ͳͲͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•–ƒ ‡•ƒ†’Žƒ›‡”•‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ –Š‡”‡’‘”–ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡  ƒ†Žƒ–‡”„›–Š‡–Š‡•—‰‰‡•–‹‘‘ˆƒDz™‹•‡‡ ‘‹––‡‡dz•—‰‰‡•–‡† „›–Š‡–‘•–ƒ”–ƒ Šƒ†‘–„‡‡ƒ’’”‘˜‡†ǡƒ†Šƒ†„‡‡”‡Ǧ ’Žƒ ‡†„›ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ –Š‡‡ ‡••‹–›‘ˆ ‘‘’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ƒ† ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•ƒ Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†•‹’Ž‡–‡š–ˆ‘”ƒ –‹Ǧ ˜ƒ–‹‰–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ‹–‡”‡–ǡ–Š‡†‡ Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists & Democrats in the EP (S&D Group)ƒ”‡ ‘•‹•–‡–ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡†–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›‹ –Š‡ˆ—†‹‰–‘ƒ˜‘‹†–Š‡’”‡†‘‹ƒ ‡‘ˆ ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ††‹Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ™‹–Š‘—–†‡›‹‰–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘‘ˆƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ••‡–„› –Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǡ‹–•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘•–Ž›ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ––Š‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ‡•–ƒ„Ǧ Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ•‘’‡ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡–Š‡‹Ǧ •–”—‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘‘’‡”ƒ–‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡•‡‡‡†–‘„‡†”ƒ‰‰‹‰‹–• ˆ‡‡–ǡ–Š‡ ”‘—’™ƒ•‹–‡–‘†‹”‡ –Ž›‡Šƒ ‹‰–Š‡ „›—•‹‰‹–ƒ•ƒ ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ–‘‘Žˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‰ǡŠƒ˜‹‰Žƒ— Š‡† ‹–•‘™ ǡ™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘•Š‘”–Ž›Ǥ•”‡ƒ••‡”–‡†„›–Š‡ –ƒŽǦ ‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ”–›ǡ–Š‡Ƭ ”‘—’Šƒ• ‘–”‹„—–‡†–‘‹Ǧ Ž—†‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ǡ–‘•–”‡‰–Š‡–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆ—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•‹–Š‡‘—‹–›•›•–‡ǤͳʹͲŠ‡’Ž‡ƒ”›•‡••‹‘ ˜‘–‡‘–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ ȋ‘ˆ™Š‹ Š–Š‡‹–ƒ —”ƒ‹‘ˆ –Š‡ Ƭ ‰”‘—’ ™ƒ• ƒ ‘Ǧ”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”Ȍǡ •ƒ™ –Š‡ Ƭ ”‘—’ ˜‘–‡ •‘Ž‹†Ž› ™‹–Šͳ͸ͻ‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ†ʹƒ„•–‡–‹‘•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–™ƒ•Šƒ‹Ž‡†™‹–Š‰”‡ƒ– •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘„›ƒ”–‹ Š—Ž–œǡŽ‡ƒ†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‘—’Ǥͳʹͳ  Lamassoure MEPǡ ”‡•• ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡’’‰”‘—’Ǥ‡—Ȁ’”‡••Ȁ •Š‘™’”Ǥƒ•’ǫ‘–”‘Ž‘ ›’‡ αͳƬ‘–”‘Ž αͻͻ͹͸Ƭ‘–‡– αͳ͸ͻͶ͵Ƭ‘ –‡– ᇐǤ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž••‡‡Ǥ ‡ƒ‡ǡ European Citizens’ Initiative. Enabling EU Citizens to Take Part in Shaping EU Policiesǡ ”‘—’ ‹ǡ Dz  ‘ —•dzǡ͸ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǤ ͳʹͲ ‡‡ ǡ Debates, 6. Citizens’ Initiative (debate)ǡ –”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀΪΪʹͲͳͲͳʹͳͷ Ϊ ǦͲͲ͸ΪΪΪͲȀȀƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ ͳʹͳ ‘”†‹‰–‘ Š—Ž–œDzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•ƒ—‹“—‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›ǣ‹– ‹•–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‹‡–Šƒ–—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ‰‡––‘‰‡–Š‡”ƒ†Ž‡–—•‘™ǡ™‹–Š‘‡ǡ•–”‘‰ ˜‘‹ ‡‹ˆ–Š‡›–Š‹–Šƒ–™‡ƒ•—”‘’‡ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‡”•ƒ”‡‘–†‘‹‰‘—”Œ‘„’”‘’‡”Ž› ‘” ‹••‹‰‘—–‘ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹••—‡•dzǢ Ǥ Ž„‡”–‹ǡ Political Leaders Must not Be Afraid of Citizens’ InitiativeǡƬ ”‘—’‹ǡ‡™•”‘‘ǡ‡™•ǡͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ 

ͳͳͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

Š‡Group of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe in the EP (ALDE Group) —Ž‹‡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –™‘ ƒ‹ ‰”‘—’• ‘ˆ –Š‡  ”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ǡ ƒ‹Ž›’”‘’‘•‡†–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‹•–”—‡––‘ƒ••‹•––Š‡ ƒ†‡Ǧ ’Šƒ•‹œ‡†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆƒ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”› Š‡ ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ– –Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ”‡‰‹•–‡”‹‰Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ–Š‡›”‡“—‡•–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‹‹Ǧ ——„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆƒŽŽ‡„‡” ‘—Ǧ –”‹‡•Ǥ  —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡”‹–‹•Š‹ƒƒƒŽŽ‹•Ȃ˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆƒ—”‘’‡ƒ‘„„›‹•–•ǯ‡‰‹•–‡”ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ ‘–Š‡„‘ƒ”†‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‡ˆ‡”‡†— •–‹–—–‡—”‘’‡ǡƒ–Š‹ –ƒ•–”‹˜‹‰–‘™ƒ”†•†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ȃ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ™‘”‹‰’ƒ’‡”–‘ –Š‡‡–‹–‹‘•‘‹––‡‡ȋ Ȍ‹™Š‹ Š•Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†”‡’Žƒ ‹‰–Š‡ ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ ƒˆ–‡”ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹—„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Šƒ†„‡‡ ‰ƒǦ –Š‡”‡†„›ƒ’”‡Ǧ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ Š‡ ǡ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰–Š‡”‹‰Š–‘ˆ’‡–‹–‹‘‹‰ ƒŽ•‘–‘–Š‘•‡„‡Ž‘™˜‘–‹‰ƒ‰‡–‘ƒ‡›‘—‰’‡‘’Ž‡ˆ‡‡Ž Ž‘•‡”–‘–Š‡ ǡƒ†‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰ƒ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘Š‘Ž†ƒ’—„Ž‹  Š‡ƒ”‹‰‘ˆ•—’’‘”–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ•‘ƒ• –‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ–”—‡†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡„‡–™‡‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†—”‘’‡ƒ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥͳʹʹ •–Š‡”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š ‡”ƒŽ† ¡ˆ‡” ȋ ”‡‡•Ȁ—”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡ ŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ Ȃ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’Ȍǡ ƒŽŽ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ’ƒ’‡” –Šƒ– ”‡ˆ‡”• ƒ‰ƒ‹ –‘ –Š‡•‡ ”‡Ǧ “—‡•–•ƒ†‘–Š‡”•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–ƒ‡†‡–•ƒ‹‡†Žƒ”‰‡Ž›ƒ–ˆ‘” ‹‰–Š‡ –‘†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ȋƒ•—ƒ”›‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ˆ”‘ ”‘—’ ƒ† ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’ȌǤͳʹ͵Š‡”‡ƒ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‘–Š‡•‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ––Š‡ ™ƒ•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•‡Ž‹Ǧ ‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ •ƒˆ–‡”ƒ ‡”–ƒ‹—„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ Š‡’”‹‘” Š‡ ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ ™ƒ• ‘•‹†‡”‡†‹’”ƒ –‹ ƒ„Ž‡„›–Š‡Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡†‡ Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡„›‹ Šƒ‡Žƒǡ•’‘‡•ƒˆ‘”–Š‡  •‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ƒ††‡‘ ”ƒ–•Ǥ‡—Ȁ‰’‡•Ȁ’—„Ž‹ Ȁ†‡–ƒ‹ŽǤŠ–ǫ‹†αͳ͵ͷͲͷͺƬ•‡ –‹‘αƬ ƒ–‡‰‘”› αǤ ͳʹʹLiberal Group in the European Parliament Defines Its Project for the Citizens’ Initia- tiveǡͳ͸ —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǢŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ†‹ƒƒ™ƒŽŽ‹•‡’Ǥ‘”‰Ǥ—Ȁ‡™•ȀͲͲͲͺͳ͹ȀŽ‹„‡”ƒŽ̴‰”‘—’̴‹̴ –Š‡̴‡—”‘’‡ƒ̴’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–̴†‡ˆ‹‡•̴‹–•̴’”‘Œ‡ –̴ˆ‘”̴–Š‡̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳʹ͵ǡ‘‹––‡‡‘‡–‹–‹‘•ǡPosition Paper Concerning the Draft Regulation on the European Citizens’ InitiativeǤƒ’’‘”–‡—”•ǣǤƒŽŽ‹•ȋȌƬ Ǥ ¡ˆ‡”ȋ ”‡‡•Ȁ Ȍǡ ͳͶ —Ž› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‹†‡•Ȁ‰‡–‘ Ǥ†‘ǫ’—„‡ˆαǦȀȀȀȀ  ΪΪǦͶͶͷǤ͹ͷʹΪͲͳΪΪ ΪͲȀȀƬŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡αǤ

ͳͳͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘‹••‹‘‡”‹ Šƒ”‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ –Š‡ ˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹•Ǧ •‹‘ǡ ƒ”‘æ e‡ˆ«‘˜‹«ǡ –Š‹• ‘—Ž† ”‹• –Š‡  „‡ ‘‹‰ „‘‰‰‡† †‘™ ‹ ƒƒŽ›•‹‰ ‘– •‡”‹‘—• ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ƒ† ›‡–ǡ ‘Ž› „› ‡‡’‹‰ ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‹–™‘†‹•–‹ –‘‡–•ǡ™‘—Ž†‹–ƒŽŽ‘™–‘†‡„ƒ–‡‘ –Š‡’”‘’‘•‡†‹••—‡•‹–Š‡‹–‡”‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ •‘ƒ•–‘ ‰‡– –Š‡‹” ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ‘™ ƒ† †‹• —••‡†ǤͳʹͶ Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘‡” Žƒ–‡” ‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ —•–Dz„‡–ƒ‡•‡”‹‘—•Ž›ƒ†‘– ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ’Žƒ–Ǧ ˆ‘”ˆ‘”ƒ––ƒ •ƒ‰ƒ‹•–—”‘’‡ƒ‹†‡ƒ•dzǤͳʹͷ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Šƒ• –‘ –Š‡ ƒ‰”‡‡† ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ‰”‡‡‡– –Š‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Š”‡Ǧ •Š‘Ž†‘ˆ͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•™ƒ•• ”ƒ’’‡†ƒ†–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘™ƒ•ƒ’Ǧ ’”‘˜‡†‘ʹͲ‡ ‡„‡”ǡǡ™Š‹ Š‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†–Šƒ––Š‡‘‹••‹‘™‘—Ž† ƒ””›‘—–ƒ Š‡ –‘†‡–‡”‹‡™Š‡–Š‡”ƒ ‹•ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ƒ––Š‡’‘‹– ‘ˆ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ˜‘–‡‹’Ž‡ƒ”›ƒ––Š‡ǡ–Š‡  ”‘—’ ˜‘–‡† •‘Ž‹†Ž› ‹ ˆƒ˜‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋ͹ͺ ‹ ˆƒ˜‘—” ƒ† ‘ ˜‘–‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‘”ƒ„•–‡–‹‘•ȌǤ‡˜‡”ƒŽ‡„‡”••–”‡••‡†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ‘ˆƒ—„‡”‘ˆƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‹’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” –Š‡‹„‡†”‡™—ˆˆƒ‹–ƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–ˆ—–—”‡‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡ƒ–›™‘—Ž†„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥͳʹ͸ Š‡ Greens/European Free Alliance in the EP (Greens/EFA Group)ǡ ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”›‰”‘—’ƒ†‡—’‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–™‘•‡’ƒǦ ”ƒ–‡ƒ†’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆƒ‹Ž‹‡•ȋ—”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡•ƒ† —”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡ŽŽ‹ƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡’ƒ”–›‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡Ž‡••ƒ–‹‘•ƒ††‹•ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡† ‹‘”‹–‹‡•Ȍǡ—†‡”• ‘”‡†–Š‡‹’‘”–ƒ ‡‘ˆ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•™‹–Šƒ„”‘ƒ†‡” ‹˜Ǧ  ͳʹͶDzƒ–•–‘ ”ƒ’Ǯ–”›Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ǯˆ‘”‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‡–‹–‹‘•dzǡEuractivǡʹͲ —Ž› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‡—Ȁ‡’Ǧ™ƒ–•Ǧ• ”ƒ’Ǧ‡–”›Ǧ–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†Ǧ ‹–‹ œ‡•Ǧ’‡–‹–‹‘•Ǧ‡™•ǦͶͻ͸ͶͺͲǢ ͳʹͷ Ǥ ‘••ǡ EU Citizens’ Initiative ‘Could Be Open to Abuse’ǡ ͳͷ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–Š‡’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–Ǥ ‘ȀŽƒ–‡•–Ǧ‡™•Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ‡™•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ‡—Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ‘—Ž†Ǧ„‡Ǧ‘’‡Ǧ–‘Ǧƒ„—•‡ȀǤ ͳʹ͸—ˆˆ•ƒ‹†ǣDz‹„‡”ƒŽ•ƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ–•™‡Ž ‘‡–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡• ‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‹œ‡ǯ• ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ Šƒ• „‡‡ †”ƒ™ •—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž› ™‹†‡ –‘ ƒŽŽ‘™ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• –‘ „‡ ƒ†‡ –Šƒ– ™‘—Ž† Šƒ‰‡ –Š‡  –”‡ƒ–‹‡•Ǥ ‡”‡ –Š‡ ‡™ Žƒ™ ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡ˆŽ‡ –• –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–› ‹–•‡Žˆǡ ™Š‹ Š ˆ‘”‡•ƒ™ƒ•’‡”‹••‹˜‡ƒ’”‘ ‡••ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡‹–Š‡‹–‡”‡•–•‘ˆ„‘‘•–‹‰–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ”Ž‡Ǧ ‰‹–‹ƒ ›‘ˆ—”‘’‡ǯ•‡™ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›dzǢ ”‘—’‹ǡCitizen’s Initiative: To- wards a European Participatory Democracyǡ ”‡•• ‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣ ȀȀ™™™ǤƒŽ†‡Ǥ‡—Ȁ’”‡••Ȁ’”‡••Ǧƒ†Ǧ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡Ǧ‡™•Ȁ’”‡••Ǧ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ –‘™ƒ”†•ǦƒǦ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›Ǧ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǧ͵͸͸͹ͲȀǤ

ͳͳʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡƒŽ•‘–ƒ‹‰‹–‘ƒ ‘—––Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘•‡š’”‡••‡†„›–Š‡ǡ ƒ†–Š‡‡‡†–‘‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡’”‘’‡”•—’’‘”––‘’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ Ǥ  —Ǧ Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’’”‡’ƒ”‡†‹–•‘™‰‡‡”ƒŽ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡͳʹ͹ ™Š‹ Š‹ Ž—†‡•”‡“—‡•–•ƒ‹‡†ƒ–”‡‹ˆ‘” ‹‰–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ† ƒ‹‰‹–‘”‡˜‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡•‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹’”‘Ǧ ‘–‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽǦ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•Ǥ ‘”†‡”–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǯ• ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ–Š‡ ”‡‡‘”‹‰ ”‘—’™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’†‡ Žƒ”‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ ‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹‹‘˜ƒǦ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ƒ†™‹–Šƒ Ž‡ƒ”†‹•–‹ –‹‘ˆ”‘„‘–Š”‡ˆ‡Ǧ ”‡†ƒƒ†ˆ”‘’‡–‹–‹‘•ͳʹͺƒ†•—‰‰‡•–‡†ǣ

˹’”‡Ǧ Š‡ ‹‰ –Š‡ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ƒ†ǡ Dz‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹•–‡ƒ†‘ˆƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹••—‡•ƒ†ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡‡‡’–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘”†‹ƒ”› ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ† ‘– Œ—•– ’‘™‡”ˆ—ŽŽ‘„Ǧ „›‹•–•ǥǡƒ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ‘‡Ǧˆ‹ˆ–Š‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•dzǢ ˹ȋ ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•’‡”‡„‡”–ƒ–‡Ȍ Dzƒ –Š”‡•Š‘Ž† –Šƒ– ‹• †‡‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž› ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š•–ƒ–‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡”ƒ‰‡‘ˆͲǤͲͷƒ†ͳ’‡” ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘dzǢ ˹–Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡ ‘ˆƒŽŽ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•™‹–ŠDzƒ‹‹— ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ͳ͸ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘ˆ —”‘’‡dzǡ •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ‹‹— ƒ‰‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˜‘–‹‰ ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡  ˆ‘” ‰”‡ƒ–‡” ‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡– ‘ˆ ›‘—‰ ’‡‘’Ž‡‹’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ†‹ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ„‹†‹‰ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ –Š‡  ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ Dz–Š‹”† ‘—–”› ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ• ™Š‘ƒ”‡”‡•‹†‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡†‡’”‹˜‡†‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘ •‹‰ƒ ƒ†–‘†”ƒ™–Š‡ƒ––‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘‘–Š‡ ‘Ǧ ‡”•‘ˆ’‡‘’Ž‡Ž‹˜‹‰‹–Š‡dzǢ ˹‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰–Š‡”‡“—‡•–ˆ‘”’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘—„‡”•Ǣ

 ͳʹ͹ ‡‡ ”‡‡Ȁ  ”‘—’, Green/EFA Group Position Paper. Implementation of the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI)ǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡͳ͸ —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀƒ” Š‹˜‡Ǥ‰”‡‡•Ǧ‡ˆƒǤ‡—Ȁ •Ȁ–‘’‹ •Ȁ†‘Ȁ͵ͶͺȀ͵ͶͺͲʹͺǤ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘̴‘ˆ̴–Š‡̴‡—”‘’‡ƒ̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̷‡ǤŠ–. ͳʹͺDzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•not–‘„‡ ‘ˆ—•‡†™‹–Šƒ’‡–‹–‹‘‘”™‹–Šƒ ”‡ˆ‡”‡†—ǤIt is‘–Š‹‰‘”‡ȋƒ†‘–Š‹‰Ž‡••Ȍ–Šƒa non-binding instrument for agenda-setting by the citizens of the EUdzȋ„‘Ž†‹–Š‡–‡š–Ȍƒ†Dz‹–‘Ž›ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–‘‹•Ǧ •—‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘•ǯˆ‹‡Ž†•‘ˆ ‘’‡–‡ ‡ƒ†Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’‘™‡”•dzǡ•‡‡ ”‡Ǧ ‡Ȁ  ”‘—’, Green/EFA Group Position Paper. Implementation of the European Citi- zens’ Initiative (ECI)ǡop. cit.ȋbold’ƒ”–•‹–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ–‡š–ȌǤ

ͳͳ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

˹ʹͶ‘–Š•ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ሺ–™‹ ‡ƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ••—‰‰‡•–‡† „›–Š‡ሻǢ ˹ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ ƒ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ ˆ‘”–Š‡ ™‹–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–͹‡Ǧ „‡”•ˆ”‘–Š”‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘—–”‹‡•Ǣ ˹‡ƒ”ƒ”‹‰ ƒ†‡“—ƒ–‡ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡• –‘ ‡•—”‡ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‘•—ŽǦ –ƒ ›ǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒ˜‘‹†Ž‹‹–‹‰ƒ ‡••–‘–Š‡ ‡š Ž—•‹˜‡Ž›–‘Žƒ”‰‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•Ǣ ˹–Š‡‹ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘Ž›†‡ ‹†‡†Dz‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ •Š‘—Ž†„‡”‡Œ‡ –‡†‹ˆ‹–‹•‹„”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ”–Ǥ͸ǡ –Š‡Šƒ”–‡”‘ˆ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ‹‰Š–•ǡƒ†–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘˜‡–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ —ƒ‹‰Š–•ƒ† —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ ”‡‡†‘•ȏ ȐdzǢ ˹–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒ’’‡ƒŽ‹‰–‘–Š‡ ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡‘–Š‡ Ǣ ˹Dz–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‘”•‘ˆƒ Šƒ˜‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘„‡Š‡ƒ”†„›–Š‡‘‹•Ǧ •‹‘‹ƒ’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰dzǢ ˹Dz–Š‡ȋ‘”‹–• ‘‹––‡‡•Ȍ‹•ˆ”‡‡–‘’—––Š‡‹••—‡‘‹–•ƒ‰‡†ƒƒ† –‘ƒŽ•‘Š‘Ž†ƒŠ‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ–ƒ›‰‹˜‡–‹‡dzǢ ˹–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒ‡†‹‰”‡ƒ–‹‡•ƒ•ƒ’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Ǥͳʹͻ

Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’ƒ†Šƒ˜‡’”‘˜‡†–‘„‡–Š‡‘•– ‘‹–Ǧ –‡†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆ‘” ‡•‹’”‘‘–‹‰ƒ†‘†‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡†”ƒˆ–‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ

 ͳʹͻDzŠ‡’”‡ ‹•‡™‘”†‹‰‘ˆ”–ǤͳͳȋͶȌǮǤǤǤa legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the TreatiesǯŽ‡ƒ˜‡•”‘‘ˆ‘”‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ™Š‡–Š‡”–”‡ƒ–› ƒ‡†‡–•ˆƒŽŽ—†‡”–Š‡• ‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–Šƒ•‡˜‡”„‡‡ –Š‡‹–‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆ”–ǤͳͳȋͶȌ–‘”‡•–”‹ ––Š‡ ’—”‡Ž›–‘•‡ ‘†ƒ”›Ž‡‰‹Ǧ •Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ–”‡ƒ–‹‡•ƒ”‡˜‡”›†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†ƒ† ‘’Ž‡šǤ  ‘–”ƒ•––‘ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡›‹ Ž—†‡—‡”‘—••’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ–‘‘Ž•ǡƒ†‹•–”—‡–•–Šƒ–ǡ‹–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒǦ –‡•ǡ™‘—Ž†„‡’ƒ”–‘ˆŽ‘™‡”Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ”‡‡•†‘ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ‘”‡‰‡‡”‘—•‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‹‘”†‡”–‘ƒŽŽ‘™ ‹–‹œ‡•–‘’Žƒ›ƒƒ –‹˜‡”‘Ž‡‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹••—‡•ƒ†–‘‰‡—‹‡Ž›‡Šƒ ‡–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•ƒ‹•–”—‡––‘Ǯ”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡ ‹Ǧ –‹œ‡•ǯƒ†‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–‹–Š‡•Šƒ’‹‰‘ˆ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•dzǡ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͳ ȋͶȌǡ‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‘—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘Ǣ ǡGreen Paper on a European Citizens’ Initiative ȋȏʹͲͲͻȐ͸ʹʹˆ‹ƒŽȌǡ’Ǥ͵ǤDz–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ •–Šƒ–’”‘’‘•‡”‡ƒ–›ƒ‡†‡–• ƒ„‡ ‘‡„›‘‡ƒ•ƒŽ‘‘’Š‘Ž‡ˆ‘”‹ˆ”‹‰‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡Šƒ”–‡”‘ —†ƒ‡–ƒŽ ‹‰Š–•‘”–Š‡ Ǥ––Š‡‡†‹–™‹ŽŽŠ‘™‡˜‡”„‡—’–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘—”–‘ˆ —•–‹ ‡–‘ †‡ ‹†‡‘ ‘ ”‡–‡ ƒ•‡•Š‘™ˆƒ”‹–•–”‡– Š‡•–Š‡ ‘ ‡’–‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡• ‹‹–•˜‡”†‹ –•dzǤIbidǤ

ͳͳͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

™‹–Šƒ˜‹‡™–‘ƒ‹‰‹–Ž‡••”‡•–”‹ –‹˜‡Ǥͳ͵Ͳ Š‹• ‰”‘—’ ƒŽ•‘ ’Žƒ›‡† ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ–”‘Ž‡‹‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥͳ͵ͳ ‘‹–Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’˜‘–‡†•‘Ž‹†Ž›‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲˆ‘”–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ––Š‡ ሺͷʹ‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ†‘˜‘–‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹•–‘”ƒ„•–‡–‹‘•ሻǤ Š‡ •’‡‡ Š‡• „› –Š‡ European Conservatives and Reformists’ Group (ECR Group) ”‹–‹ ‹•‡†–Š‡Ž‹‹–•‹’‘•‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰‹Ǧ –‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ƒ„‘—–™Š‹ Š‹••—‡• • ƒ†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š „‡ ƒ—•‡ǡ‹–Š‡‹”˜‹‡™ǡƒ•™‡”••Š‘—Ž†—”‡•‡”˜‡†Ž›„‡‰‹˜‡ƒŽ•‘ƒ„‘—– ‘–Š‡”‹••—‡•‘–™‹–Š‹–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•• ‘’‡Ǥ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡”‡’”‡Ǧ •‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‹•‡™‰”‘—’ǡ•‡–—’‹ —Ž›ʹͲͲͻǡ”ƒ‹•‡†–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ǡˆ‘”‡•‡‡‹‰ƒ•–”‘‰”‹•‘ˆ†‘‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘Ǧ ”›–‘‘Ž„›–Š‡‘”‡•–”— –—”‡†‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š‰”‡ƒ–‡”‡ ‘‘‹ ƒ† •‘ ‹ƒŽ”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ–Š‡‘”‡‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽŽ‘„„‹‡•ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒˆˆ‘”†–Š‡‡š’‡•‡ ‘ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ†”—‹‰ ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǡ™Š‹ Š™‘—Ž†‡š Ž—†‡ƒ ‡••–‘–Š‡  „›‰”‘—’•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡•‘”–Š‡•ƒŽŽ‡”ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‹‘•™‹–ŠŽ‹Ǧ ‹–‡† ˆ—†•Ǥͳ͵ʹŠ‡ ”‘—’‡š’”‡••‡†‹–••—’’‘”–ˆ‘”ƒ  Žƒ— Š‡†‹ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͳͲ„›–Š‡ƒ˜ƒ”‹ƒŠ”‹•–‹ƒ‡‘ ”ƒ– ƒ†‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‘—’ǡƒ”–‹ƒ•–Ž‡”ǡ™Š‘’”‘’‘•‡†ƒ‹‰ —†ƒ›ƒŠ‘Ž‹†ƒ›‹–Š‡‡–‹”‡ǡˆ‘”†‡†‹ ƒ–‹‰–‘–Š‡ˆƒ‹Ž›ƒ†Ž‡‹Ǧ •—”‡ǡ•—’’‘”–‡†„›˜ƒ”‹‘—•Š”‹•–‹ƒˆƒ‹Ž›‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›–Š‡ ƒ–Š‘Ž‹ ‘‡•ǡƒ†ƒŽ•‘„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘’‹• ‘’ƒ–——‘—‹–ƒ–‹• —”‘’‡•‹•Ȃ‘‹••‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‹•Š‘’•ǯ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‹‘Ǥͳ͵͵ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ ˆƒ ‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡†  ”‡Ǧ  ͳ͵Ͳ Ǥ ¡ˆ‡”ǡ  ‘Ǧ”ƒ’’‘—”–‡”Šƒ•„‡‡–Š‡‘•–ƒ –‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ •‘Ǧ ƒŽŽ‡† ƒ‰‘ˆ ‘—” ‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘—””ƒ’’‘”–‡—”•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–ˆ‘—”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‰”‘—’•ƒ––Š‡ǡ–™‘ ˆ”‘ ȋ —”ƒ‹ǡƒƒ••‘—”‡Ȍƒ†–™‘ˆ”‘–Š‡ ȋƒŽŽ‹•ǡ ¡ˆ‡”ȌǢ•‡‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ   ”‘—’ǡ European Citizens’ Initiative: European Democracy Takes a Step Forward as EP vote Paves Way for Citizens’ Initiativeǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡•Ǧ‡ˆƒǤ‡—Ȁ •Ȁ’”‡••”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡•Ȁ†‘Ȁ͵͸ͷȀ͵͸ͷͳͻͷǤ‡—”‘’‡ƒ̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹ –‹ƒ–‹˜‡̷‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͳ͵ͳ‡‡The European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡͳͶ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‰”‡‡•Ǧ‡ˆƒǤ‡—Ȁ •Ȁ–‘’‹ •Ȁ†‘Ȁ͵͸ͷȀ͵͸ͷͲͳͶǤ–Š‡̴‡—”‘’‡ƒ̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡̷‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͳ͵ʹ ”‘—’ǡPress Release, EU Citizens Initiative Should Give Power to the People, not to Lobbyists and Interest Groupsǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡ ”‰”‘—’Ǥ ‡—Ȁ‡—Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ•Š‘—Ž†Ǧ‰‹˜‡Ǧ’‘™‡”Ǧ–‘Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ’‡‘’Ž‡ǦǦ‘–Ǧ–‘ǦŽ‘„„›‹•–•Ǧƒ†Ǧ ‹–‡”‡•–Ǧ‰”‘—’•Ǧ‡™•ǦͻͳǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳ͵͵ECI, Mum and Dad Belong to Us on Sunday!,Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥˆ”‡‡Ǧ•—†ƒ›Ǥ‡—Ȁ‡Ȁ ‘ 

ͳͳͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•‘—” ‡•Ȃƒ••—‰‰‡•–‡†„›–Š‡Ȃ–Š‡‡Ž‰‹ƒǡ‡” ƒ’’‹ǡ‘Ǧ •‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‡ˆ‘”‹•–ǡŠƒ•’”‡’ƒ”‡†–Š‡‰”‘—†ˆ‘”ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ Ȍƒ‰ƒ‹•––ƒšƒ–‹‘Ǥͳ͵ͶŠ‡ ”‘—’™ƒ–•–‘ ƒ‡‹–‡ƒ•‹‡”ˆ‘”’‡‘’Ž‡–‘•‹‰—’–‘ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘ǡ™‹–Š‘—–Šƒ˜‹‰–‘’”‘Ǧ ˜‹†‡’ƒ••’‘”–—„‡”•‘”  ƒ”††‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ†’”‘’‘•‡†–Šƒ–ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ™‹ŽŽ‘Ž›”‡“—‹”‡•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡•ˆ”‘ƒˆ‹ˆ–Š‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ„—–Šƒ• ƒ ‡’–‡†–Š‡ ‘’”‘‹•‡”‡ƒ Š‡†ǡ–Šƒ–‹•ǡ‹ƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• ƒ† ‡ƒ”Ž› ƒŽŽ ‹–• ‡„‡”• ˜‘–‡† ‹ ˆƒ˜‘—” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘†‹ˆ‹‡†   ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲȋͶͲ‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ǡ‘‡ ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ†‘‡ƒ„•–‡–‹‘ȌǤŠ‡ ”‘—’•’‘‡•’‡”•‘‘–Š‡  ‘‹––‡‡ǡ•ŠŽ‡› ‘šǡǡ•–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ ™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ–‡•––‘•‡‡ ™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡‹•”‡ƒŽŽ›•‡”‹‘—•ƒ„‘—–Ž‹•–‡‹‰–‘ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥͳ͵ͷ Š‡European United Left/Nordic Green Left European Parliamentary Group (GUE/NGL Group)Ȃƒ‹Ž› ”‹–‹ ƒŽƒ„‘—––Š‡”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘’”‡•‡–‡† –‘–Š‡„›–Š‡”ƒ’’‘”–‡—”ƒ—ˆƒȋ†‡•’‹–‡Š‹•„‡Ž‘‰‹‰–‘–Š‡ •ƒ‡ Ȁ  ”‘—’ȌȂ†”‡™ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š‡‡‡†–‘‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡–Š‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‹‰ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ˆ”‘ –Š‡  ƒ† –Š‡‘— ‹Ž™‡”‡‹•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ǥ ‘”†‹‰–‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ‹–•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ –Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ•ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡„›ˆ—”–Š‡””‡†— ‹‰–Š‡ƒ‰‡ Ž‹‹– ƒ† ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡“—‡•– ˆ‘” ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‘ —Ǧ ‡–•Ǥͳ͵͸ —”–Š‡”‘”‡–Š‡ ”‘—’‹•‹•–‡†‘–Š‡‡‡†–‘–ƒ‡ƒ ‘—–‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ™‹•Š‡•ƒŽ•‘‹”‡Žƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹”‘’’‘•‹–‹‘–‘ —””‡–†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ ‡–•‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–‘–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒŠ‡Ž†ƒ„‘—––Š‡  –‡–Ȁ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡‡ƒŽ•‘ Ǥ‘†‡‡œǡLes défenseurs du dimanche se heurtent aux contradictions de l’Initiative citoyenne européenneǡͳ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŽ‹„‡”–‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹“—‡Ǥ ‘Ȁ‹†‡–‹–‡Ǧ†‡ǦŽ‡—”‘’‡Ȁ͸ʹ͸ʹǦŽ‡•Ǧ†‡ˆ‡•‡—”•Ǧ†—Ǧ†‹ƒ Š‡Ǧ•‡ǦŠ‡—”–‡–Ǧƒ—šǦ ‘–”ƒ†‹ –‹‘•Ǧ†‡ǦŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ‹–‘›‡‡Ǧ‡—”‘’‡‡‡Ǥ ͳ͵ͶǤ Ǥ’’‹ǡThe Trap of an EU Tax. The Launch of Grassroots Campaign to Halt an EU TaxǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹ ‡dzǡͳͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒ˜‘‹ ‡Ǥ ‘Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ ‹’‘”–‡†Ȁ–Š‡Ǧ–”ƒ’Ǧ‘ˆǦƒǦ‡—Ǧ–ƒšȀ͸ͻ͵ͺ͸Ǥƒ•’šǤ ͳ͵ͷ‡‡ ”‘—’ǡEU Citizens’ Initiative: Proof of Pudding Will Be in the Eating for Commission Says Foxǡ‡™•ǡ–”ƒ•„‘—”‰ǡͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡ ”‰”‘—’Ǥ‡—Ȁ ‡—Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•ǦǦͲ͵ͻǦǦ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǦǦ’”‘‘ˆǦ‘ˆǦ’—††‹‰Ǧ™‹ŽŽǦ„‡Ǧ‹Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ‡ƒ–‹‰Ǧˆ‘”Ǧ ‘‹•‹‘Ǧ•ƒ›•Ǧ ˆ‘šǦǦ‡™•Ǧʹ͵͵ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳ͵͸ Ȁ  ”‘—’ǡEmpower People with User-Friendly Citizens’ Initiative, not a Bu- reaucratic Nightmareǡ ͳͷ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰—‡‰ŽǤ‡—Ȁ•Š‘™ƒ‰‡Ǥ ’Š’ǫ α ͺ͹͸͸Ǥ

ͳͳ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

”‡ƒ–›ǡ™Š‹ Šƒ†‘’–•ƒ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ˆ‘”—”‘’‡Ǥ ––Š‡’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†–Š‡ ‹†‡ƒ‘ˆŠ‘Ž†‹‰ƒ†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ––Š‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡ •„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ ƒ’Ǧ ’”‘˜‡†‹‘”†‡”–‘•‡”‹‘—•Ž› ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ƒ†–Š‡–‘‹••—‡ƒ †‡ Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒŽ•‘‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ƒ ‘†‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡Ž‹Ǧ ‹ƒ–‹‰ „—”‡ƒ— ”ƒ–‹  ‘„•–ƒ Ž‡• •‘ ƒ• –‘ ƒ‡ ‹–‹œ‡ǯ• ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ Ž‡••ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‰ǤŠ‡ Ȁ  ”‘—’•—‰‰‡•–‡†ƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡  ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Ȃ–Š‡Žƒ––‡”„‡‹‰–Š‡‘—– ‘‡‘ˆƒ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ‘Ǧ ’”‘‹•‡ƒ†˜‘–‡†‹–Š‡Ž‡ƒ”›‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ™‹–Šƒ•’‡Ǧ ‹ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡–Šƒ–ƒŽŽ ‹–‹œ‡•„‡ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘•‹‰ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–ŠƒŒ—•–”‡•Ǧ ‹†‡– ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŽƒ”‰‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›–—”‡††‘™–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ƒ•‹–™ƒ•˜‘–‡†„›–Š‡ ”‘—’ƒ†–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’‘Ž›Ǥ‡‘ˆ‹–• ‡„‡”•ǡ ‡Ž—– Š‘Žœǡǡ•ƒ‹†–Šƒ–Š‡™‘—Ž†”‡–—”–‘–Š‹•“—‡•Ǧ –‹‘™Š‡–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘™ƒ•”‡˜‹•‡†‹–Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”•ǯ–‹‡Ǥͳ͵͹Š‡ Ȁ ‘•–Ž›˜‘–‡†‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‘ —‡–ȋͳͻ‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ǡʹ ƒ‰ƒ‹•– ƒ† ͻ ƒ„•–‡–‹‘•Ȍ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ‹– ƒ DzƒŒ‘” •–‡’ ˆ‘”™ƒ”†dz ™‹–Š ”‡‰ƒ”†–‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•’”‘’‘•ƒŽǤͳ͵ͺ —’’‘”–ˆ‘”–Š‡ ™ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š ‘‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡Europe of Freedom and Democracy Group ‹–Š‡ȋ  ”‘—’Ȍ•‹ ‡–Š‡› ‘•‹†‡”‹– ‘—Ž† ”ƒ‹•‡ ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ‹ ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ„‘—– —”‘’‡ƒ “—‡•–‹‘• ˆƒ” ‘”‡ –Šƒ ƒ› ‘•–Ž›‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰•‘ˆ‘Ž›Ž‹‹–‡†‹’ƒ –Ž‡†„›–Š‡ ǡ„—––Š‡›ƒŽ•‘Š‘’‡ˆ‘” Ž‡ƒ”ǡ—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡”‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘•Ǥ™‘Ǧ–Š‹”†•‘ˆ–Š‡  ”‘—’˜‘–‡†‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ• ƒ‡†‡†„›–Š‡‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲȋͳͶ‹ˆƒ˜‘—”ǡ͸ƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ†ʹƒ„Ǧ •–‡–‹‘•Ȍ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡”‡ ™ƒ• †‡‡’ • ‡’–‹ ‹• ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ —– Š ‘Ǧ––ƒ Š‡† •„‘–Šƒ„‘—––Š‡‹•–”—‡–ƒ†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ––‡”•–Šƒ––Š‡  ‘—Ž† ‘˜‡”ǤŠ‡› ”‹–‹ ‹•‡†–Š‡„—”‡ƒ— ”ƒ ›ƒ†–Š‡‹ŽŽ—•‹‘‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡ ™Š‹ Š–Š‡ ƒ‹•–‘ ‘•–”— –Ȃ‹’”ƒ –‹ ‡ǡ‹–‹•’”‘’‘•‹‰ƒ’‘‹–Ž‡•• ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™Š‘•‡’—”’‘•‡‹•–‘Š‹†‡–Š‡ ‡–”ƒŽ‹•‹‰ƒ–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ƒˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž‡ƒ––‹–—†‡–‘–Š‡ƒ‡†‡†‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘–Š‡˜‘–‡†

 ͳ͵͹ȋȌDzȀ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ’’”‘˜‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘dzǡAgence Europeȋ—ŽŽ‡–‹ —‘–‹†‹‡—”‘’‡ǡ‘ͳͲʹ͹ͺȌǡŠ—”•†ƒ›ǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ͹Ǥ ͳ͵ͺ Ȁ  ”‘—’‹–Š‡ǡCitizens’ Initiative Welcome but Should be Opened to a Wider Publicǡ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰—‡‰ŽǤ‡—Ȁ•Š‘™ƒ‰‡Ǥ’Š’ǫ αͻͳͳͲƬ  αͳƬ αͳƬ  αͳǤ

ͳͳ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‹ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲ ™ƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡† ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ‘Ǧ––ƒ Š‡† • ȋͳʹˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž‡ǡͶƒ‰ƒ‹•–ƒ†͹ƒ„•–‡–‹‘•Ȍ –‹•–‘„‡”‡‡„‡”‡†–Šƒ–’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ   ”‘—’’ƒ›ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ’”‘‘–‹‰†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ƒ† ‡š Šƒ‰‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›‘–Š‹•ƒ––‡”„›‡ƒ•‘ˆ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ†Š‡ƒ”‹‰•Ǥͳ͵ͻ •’”‹‰ʹͲͳͲŠ‡ ”‡‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡŽ‹‡† –‘—”‘’‡ƒ ”‡‡•ƒ†–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’ǡƒ‘— ‡†–Šƒ–ƒ‰—‹†‡–‘ –Š‡ ™ƒ•ƒ„‘—––‘„‡‹••—‡†Ǣ‹–™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲƒ•–Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ƒ†„‘‘‘–Š‹•‹••—‡ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›‡–‡”‡†‹ˆ‘” ‡ǤͳͶͲ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡†‹”‡ –’”‘Ǧ ‘–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹•™‘”–Š‘–‹‰ǣ–Š‹•‹•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›Šƒ’’‡‹‰ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘™Šƒ–™ƒ•ƒ‘— ‡†‹ƒ›ʹͲͳͲ„›–Š‡ ‡”ƒƒ†—•–”‹ƒ‘ ‹ƒŽ ‡‘ ”ƒ–’ƒ”–‹‡•ǡ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ”–›‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•™Š‹ Šǡ‹ ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ„‡‰ƒƒ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡƒ†ƒ ‹‘”†‡”–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Šƒ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‰‘ˆˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ”‡–•ƒ†ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ–ƒš‘•’‡ —Žƒ–‹˜‡–”ƒ•Ǧ ƒ –‹‘••‘ƒ•–‘ ‘„ƒ––Š‡ ‘–‡•–‡†‹‡”–‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ”ǡ ‘•‡”˜ƒǦ –‹˜‡ƒ†Ž‹„‡”ƒŽǦ†‡‘ ”ƒ–ˆ‘” ‡•ǤͳͶͳ ˜‹‡™‘ˆƒ†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ––Š‡ƒ‹‡†

 ͳ͵ͻŠ‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ƒ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ ‘ ͳʹ ƒ› ʹͲͳͲ ƒ– ™Š‹ Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—•  •–‘‘’ƒ”–ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‹˜‡–‹–Ž‡DzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‘‘–ŠŽ‡•• ‹‰‡”Ǧ”ƒ’‡‘‘”ˆ‘”–Š‡‡‘’Ž‡ǫdzǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰‡ˆǤ‡—Ȁ‹†‡šǤ’Š’ǫ‹†αͳ͸Ƭ–š̴––‡™• Ψͷ––̴‡™•ΨͷαͳʹͶƬ ƒ•Šα‡ͳ͸ͷͻƒͶ„ͷͲǤŠ‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’‹•ƒŽ•‘’”‘‘–‹‰ –Š‡ ‡š–   ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ ‹ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ‘ ʹͻ —‡ ʹͲͳͳǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ ‰”‡‡•Ǧ‡ˆƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ͵ͺͳ͹ǤŠ–ŽǤ Š‡  ”‘—’ ’”‘‘–‡† –Š‡ •‡‹ƒ”Dz—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ ’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘dz‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†‘ʹʹ —Ǧ ‡ ʹͲͳͲ ‹ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‘Ž†•‹–‡ǤƒŽ†‡Ǥ‡—Ȁ‹–Ȁˆ‘–‘ȀʹͲͳͲȀ’Š‘–‘•Ǧ•‡‹ƒ”Ǧ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ“—‡•–‹‘•Ǧ‘ˆǦ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘Ȁǫ†‡–ƒ‹ŽαͷʹͺͳͻƬƒŽ„—αͲǢ Ǥ ƒŠ‘›ǡ EU Democracy Instrument Continues to Cause Headachesǡ Dz—‘„•‡”˜‡”dzǡ ʹ͵ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—‘„•‡”˜‡”Ǥ ‘ȀͻȀ͵Ͳ͵ͷͲǤ  ͳͷ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ –Š‡ Ȁ  ”‘—’ Š‡Ž† ƒ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡‹”—••‡Ž• ƒŽŽ‡†Dzƒ‡–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ ‡ƒ”‹‰‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰—‡‰ŽǤ‡—Ȁ•Š‘™ƒ‰‡Ǥ’Š’ǫ αͺ͸ͻͶǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡™•’‘”–ƒŽǤ ‡—”‘’‡Ǧ ƒǦŽ‡ˆ–Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ Ȁ‡‰Ž‹•ŠȀ‡™•Š‘‡Ȁ‡™•̴ƒ” Š‹˜‡Ȁ‡™•̴ƒ” Š‹˜‡Ȁœ—”—‡ ȀŽƒ–‡•–Ǧ‡™•Ǧ Š‘‡ǦͶȀƒ”–‹‡ŽȀ‰‹˜‡Ǧ’‘™‡”Ǧ–‘Ǧ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ‘–ǦƒǦ„—”‡ƒ— ”ƒ–‹ Ǧ‘•–‡”ȀǤ ͳͶͲ ‡‡ ”‡‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ ȋ  Ȍǡ The European Citizens’ Initiative Hand- book.Your Guide to the World’s First Transnational Direct Democratic Toolǡ’”‘†— ‡†‹ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š  ǡƒ‹ƒ—–Š‘”ǣǤƒ—ˆƒǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‰‡ˆǤ‡—Ȁˆ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁ—•‡”̴—’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ  ǦͲͻǦ͸Ͷ̴—”‘’‡ƒ̴‹–‹œ‡•̴̴ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡̴™‡„̴ˆ‹ƒŽǤ’†ˆǤ ͳͶͳ‡‡ Ǥ ƒǡ Spekulationssteuer: SPD und SPÖ für Europäische Bürgerinitiativeǡ ͳͺ ƒ› ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•’†Ǥ†‡Ȁƒ–—‡ŽŽ‡•Ȁ‡™•Ȁ͵͸ͲͶȀʹͲͳͲͲͷͳͺ̴ ’‡—Žƒ–‹‘••–‡—‡”̴ 

ͳͳͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒ–‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰’Ž—”ƒŽ‹•‹–Š‡ǡƒ†–Š—•†‹”‡ –‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡ ‘Ǧ ‡–”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’‘™‡” ‹ –Š‹• •‡ –‘” Ȃ ™Š‹ Š ƒ‹Ž› ”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ –Š‡ –ƒŽ‹ƒ •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒ†„‘› ‘––‡†„›–Š‡ ‡–”‡Ǧ”‹‰Š–’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”›‰”‘—’•‘ˆ–Š‡ Ȃ•‘‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”‡‡•Ȁ  ”‘—’‡š’”‡••‡†–Š‡‹”‹Ǧ –‡–‹‘–‘Žƒ— Šƒ ˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘••ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†Ǧ ‹‰ˆ”‡‡†‘‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǤͳͶʹ ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹‡•—•‡–Š‹•‹•–”—‡–ǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡”‡ƒŒ‘”‹••—‡•ƒ”‡ƒ– •–ƒ‡ǡ‹–‹••–‹ŽŽƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‹‰–Šƒ– ƒŠ‡Ž’”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡–Š‡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘„‡Ǧ –™‡‡–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•„‡Ž‘‰‹‰–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡•Ǥ –‹•ƒŽ•‘–‘ „‡Š‘’‡†–Šƒ––Š‡›™‹ŽŽ„”‹‰ƒ„‘—– ‘•–ƒ– ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•„›’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ•—’’‘”–‹‰”‘Ž‡–‘Žƒ”‰‡”‰”‘—’•ǡƒŽŽ‹ƒ ‡•ƒ† ‡–™‘”•‹‘”†‡”–‘„”‘ƒ†‡ƒ†”‡‹ˆ‘” ‡ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ –‹‘ƒ– •‡˜‡”ƒŽ Ž‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ › †‘‹‰ –Š‹•ǡ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ’ƒ”–‹‡• ‘—Ž† ”‡ƒ–‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡” ‘•‡•—• ƒ”‘—† ’”‘Œ‡ –• ƒ† ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ǡ ‘„–ƒ‹‹‰ ‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ ™‹–Š‹–Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ”‡ƒƒ––Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒǡƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽƒ†”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ǤŠ‡  ‘—Ž†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡„‡ƒ—•‡ˆ—Ž ‡‡–‹‰ƒ”‡ƒˆ‘””‡˜‹–ƒŽ‹•‹‰–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽƒ†• ƒ’‡ƒ•Ž‘‰ƒ• –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†‘–Œ—•––Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ˆ‡‡Ž–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡ƒ˜‘‹ ‡‹–Š‡ ƒ––‡”Ǥ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡ–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡• ‘—Ž†‰‹˜‡ƒ™‘”–Š™Š‹Ž‡ ‘Ǧ –”‹„—–‹‘–‘ ‹˜‹ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•„›’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ‘Ǧ —Ž–—”ƒŽ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ –‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡•‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘

 ̴—†̴‡̴ǤŠ–ŽǢ Ǥ‡›‡”ǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‘ ‹ƒŽ‡‘ ”ƒ–•—•Šˆ‘”‹–‹œ‡• ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘ ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘ƒšdzǡSocial Europe Journalǡͳͻƒ›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•‘ ‹ƒŽǦ ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ‡—ȀʹͲͳͲȀͲͷȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ•‘ ‹ƒŽǦ†‡‘ ”ƒ–•Ǧ’—•ŠǦˆ‘”Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ‘Ǧˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽǦ –”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘Ǧ–ƒšȀ͓Ǣ ‘•–ƒ– ”ƒ†ǡ Dz‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–• ƒ— Š ‡–‹–‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ ”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘ ƒšdzǡEuropean VoiceǡʹͲƒ›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒ˜‘‹ ‡Ǥ ‘Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡Ȁ‹’‘”–‡†Ȁ •‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ǦŽƒ— ŠǦ’‡–‹–‹‘Ǧˆ‘”Ǧ„ƒǦ–”ƒ•ƒ –‹‘Ǧ–ƒšȀ͸͹ͻͻͻǤƒ•’šǢDz‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•ŽƒǮ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǯ ‘ ƒš‹‰ ’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘dzǡ Euractivǡ ͵ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‡—Ȁ•‘ ‹ƒŽ‹•–•Ǧ’ŽƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ–ƒš‹‰Ǧ•’‡ —Žƒ–‹‘Ǧ‡™•ǦͶͻ͹ͶͳʹǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ•’‹‡‰‡ŽǤ†‡Ȁ’‘Ž‹–‹Ȁ†‡—–• ŠŽƒ†ȀͲǡͳͷͳͺǡ͸ͻͷͶͳͳǡͲͲǤŠ–ŽǢ ‹‡”Ž‡ƒǡ ‘ŠŽǦ ˆƒ”–ŠǡA Revolution in Disguise: The European Citizens’ Initiativeǡop. cit.,’Ǥ͹Ǥ‡„•‹–‡‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒ•ˆ‘”ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ”‡ˆ‘”Ǥ‘”‰ȀǤ ͳͶʹ‡‡ǡWritten Declaration on Financing Media Sector - Ensuring the Right of In- formation and Freedom of Expressionǡ ͳͶ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤŒ‡ƒƒ”‹‡ ƒ˜ƒ†ƒǤ‡—Ȁ —•‡”•̴ˆ‹Ž‡•Ȁ‡™•Ȁˆ‹Ž‡Ȁ ̴̴†̴ Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘̴̴ ”‹–‡̴’†ˆǤ ǢDz•ƒŽŽˆ‘”ƒ™–‘‡ˆ‡† ‡†‹ƒŽ—”ƒŽ‹•dzǡEuractivǡͻ —‡ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ‹ˆ‘•‘ ‹‡–›Ȁ‡’•Ǧ ƒŽŽǦ‡—ǦŽƒ™Ǧ†‡ˆ‡†Ǧ‡†‹ƒǦ’Ž—”ƒŽ‹•Ǧ‡™•ǦͶͻͷͲͶ͵Ǥ

ͳͳͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘Ǧ’”‘ˆ‹–‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹†‡’‡†‡–„—–‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ›Ž‹‡†–‘ –Š‡•‹šƒ‹—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•™‹–Š‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‡–™‘”‘ˆ ‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‘Ȍǡƒ‡–™‘”•‡–—’‹ʹͲͲ͸ƒ†ˆ—†‡†•‹ ‡ ʹͲͲͻ„›–Š‡–‘Š‡Ž’’”‘‘–‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‹†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ƒ†–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ƒ† ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘„‘–Š ™‹–Š–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†™‹–Š ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ȋ —””‡–Ž› ‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆ͸͵ ‡„‡”•‹ Ž—†‹‰ˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•ǡ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•–‹–—–‡•ƒ†–Š‹Ǧ–ƒ•†‹•Ǧ –”‹„—–‡†ƒ”‘—†–Š‡ ‘—–”‹‡•ͳͶ͵ȌǤ

3.6. Civil society

‹ ‡‹–‹•‹’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘”‡’”‡•‡––Š‡Š‘•–‘ˆ†‹˜‡”•‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘• ‘˜‡”‹‰ ƒ›”‹ƒ†‘ˆ•—„Œ‡ –•ǡ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡–‘ƒ•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ •†‹”‡ –Ž›’”‘‘–‹‰–Š‡ Ǥ— Š •Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘”‡† ƒƒŽŽ‹ƒ ‡–Šƒ––ƒ‡•‹–•ƒ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‹‰Š–ˆ”‘–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ͳͶͶ†‹•’—–‡† –Š‡ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ”‘–Š‡ǡ™Š‹ Š™ƒ•’”‘ ‡‡†‹‰ ƒŽ‘‰•‹‹Žƒ”Ž‹‡•ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡‹•–”—‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‰‡†ƒǦ•‡––‹‰‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‘ ƒ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ „ƒ•‹•Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ••‡••‡– ‘ˆ –Š‹• ƒǦ ’ƒ‹‰ǡ–‘„‡‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†–Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡”‡ ‡‹˜‡†‘”‡•—’’‘”––Šƒ –Š‡•‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ™Š‹ Š‘ˆ–‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‰”‡ƒ–Ž›‹ƒ–—”‡ ƒ† ŠƒǦ ”ƒ –‡”‘”‹–‡”•‘ˆ”‹‰Š–•–‘Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ••‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ’ƒ”–‹ƒŽ”‡‹Ǧ „—”•‡‡– ‘ˆ ‡š’‡•‡•ǡ ƒ† •‘ ‘Ǥ ††‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡ –Š‡   •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ˆ‡™‡”–‹‡ ‘•–”ƒ‹–•ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•–Šƒ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡•ȋ‡˜‡‘”‡•‘™Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ–Šƒ–™‹•• ‹˜‹ ‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒŽŽ‘™ͳͺ‘–Š•ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ȍƒ†ǫǫ–Šƒ–ǫǫ”‡“—‹”‡ ƒ•ƒŽŽ‡”—„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –‡‹–Š‡”–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘”–Š‡–‡š–•—„•‡“—‡–Ž›˜‘–‡†‘„›–Š‡ǡ‡‡––Š‡•‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–Ǥ

 ͳͶ͵ ‘ ™‡„•‹–‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ‡–™‘”Ǧ‘ˆǦ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽǦˆ‘—†ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ‡—Ȁ •Ȁ ‹†‡šǤ’Š’Ȁ‡‰Ǥ ͳͶͶŠ‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‘•‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‡–‹‘‡†ƒ‘‰–Š‡ˆ‹”•–‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ  ǡ ”‡ƒ–‡†„›˜ƒ”‹‘—• •ˆ‘” ‘„ƒ–‹‰‡—”‘Ǧ• ‡’–‹ ‹•ƒ†Š‘•–‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡ˆ‘” ƒˆ–‡” –Š‡ ”‡ Š ƒ† —– Š ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ‹ƒ›ƒ† —‡ ʹͲͲͷ ™Š‹ Š ’”‡˜‡–‡† –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–› ˆ‘” ƒ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘•–‹–—–‹‘ „‡‹‰ ”ƒ–‹ˆ‹‡†Ǣ ™‡„•‹–‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—ȀǤ

ͳʹͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‡˜‡ƒ‡†‡–•™‡”‡•—‰‰‡•–‡†ˆ‘”‹’”‘˜‹‰–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ• ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡƒ†•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›–‘ǣ

ͳȌŽƒ”‹ˆ› –Š‡ ǯ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’ –‘ •— ‡••ˆ—Ž  • ሺDzƒ Š •— ‡••ˆ—Ž   •Š‘—Ž†”‡•—Ž–‹ƒ’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘ ‡••™Š‡”‡–Š‡‘‹••‹‘‡šǦ ’Žƒ‹•‹–•”‡•’‘•‡–‘–Š‡ ‹ƒ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–™ƒ›†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†‹‡šǦ Šƒ‰‡™‹–Š–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•‘ˆƒ Ǥ•‹•–Š‡ ƒ•‡ˆ‘”ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ”‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘ „‡‰‹˜‡ƒ–‹‡Ž‹‹–‹™Š‹ Š–‘‹••—‡ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽdzሻǤͳͶͷ ʹȌ‹’Ž‹ˆ›–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡ˆ‘”ƒ† ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡  —„‡””‡“—‹”‡‡–• ȋ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ƒ”†—„‡”ǣ  ƒ”†ǡ’ƒ••’‘”–ǡ•‘ ‹ƒŽ•‡ —”‹Ǧ –› ƒ”†ȌǤ ͵Ȍ‹’Ž‹ˆ›–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ ȋDz ‘”†‡”–‘ƒ˜‘‹†Š—‰‡ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ™‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡—”‰‡–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–‘†‘–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡  ‹–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰ƒˆ–‡”•— ‡••ˆ—Ž”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ȏǥȐǤ ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ–Š‡ –™‘ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ ••ŠƒŽŽ„‡‡”‰‡†Ǣ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡–Š‹•‹•–”—‡– remains too bureaucratic and non-transparentdzȌǤ ͶȌ‘•‹†‡”  • –Šƒ– ’”‘’‘•‡ –”‡ƒ–› ƒ‡†‡–• ƒ• ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡ ȋDz – ‡‡†•–‘„‡‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ž› Žƒ”‹ˆ‹‡†–Šƒ– •ƒ›‘–„‡”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘•‡ Ǧ ‘†ƒ”›Žƒ™ȋ’‘Ž‹ ›’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ȌǤ–Š‡”™‹•‡ ‹–‹œ‡•™‘—Ž†„‡†‡‹‡†–‘ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘•– ‹’‘”–ƒ– ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹••—‡•Ǥ ‹˜‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡

 ͳͶͷ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‹•’‘‹–ǡƒ œ›Ñ•‹„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ–ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡ ™‡”‡‘– ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‹ƒ†‹••‹„Ž‡†—‡–‘‘–„‡‹‰™‹–Š‹–Š‡• ‘’‡‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•Š‘—Ž†•’‡ ‹ˆ› ™Š‘ ƒ†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡ƒ†‘‹–‘”ƒ†•—’‡”˜‹•‡–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘Ǧ ’‘•ƒŽǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡Dz–Š‡ǯ•†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡••™‘—Ž††‹•–‹‰—‹•Š„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ˆ‘”Ǧ ƒŽ‡š Ž—•‹˜‡ ‘’‡–‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘‹‹–‹ƒ–‡ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡••ƒ†ƒpoliti- cal ”‹‰Š–‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǤŠ‹•political ”‹‰Š–‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‘—Ž†–Š‡„‡Ž‘‰‘ƒ‡“—ƒŽ„ƒ•‹• –‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ǡ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘— ‹Žǡ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†‘”‰ƒǦ ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǢǤǤƒ œ›Ñ•‹ǡThe Euro- pean Citizens’ Initiative: A Proper Response from the Commissionǡ  ‘‡–ƒ”›ǡ ͺ ƒ—ƒ”›ǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡’•Ǥ‡—Ȁ„‘‘Ȁ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•ΨʹΨͺͲΨͻͻǦ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ’”‘’‡”Ǧ”‡•’‘•‡Ǧ ‘‹••‹‘ǢŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡’•Ǥ‡—Ȁ ‡’•Ȁ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†ȀʹͺͶͳǤŠ‹•’‘•‹–‹‘ ‹•ƒŽ•‘‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡†„›Ǥ‡‡†‹–‡”™Š‘’‘‹–•‘—––Šƒ–ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡ ”‡‰ƒ”†‡†–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ˆ‘”‡‹‰•‡ —”‹–›ƒ††‡ˆ‡ ‡’‘Ž‹ ›‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡‘‹••‹‘Šƒ•‘”‹‰Š–‘ˆŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ –‹‘ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•Š‘—Ž†’ƒ••–Š‹•’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ™‹–Š‘—–ˆ‘”ƒŽ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ǡ–‘ –Š‡‘— ‹Ž™Š‘•‡–ƒ•™‘—Ž†„‡–‘–ƒ‡ƒˆ‘”ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ•‡‡Ǥ‡‡†‹–‡”ǡPiù demo- crazia per l’Europa. La nuova Iniziativa dei cittadini europei e proposte per un’Unione eu- ropea più democraticaǡƒ˜‹•ȋ”‡–‘Ȍǡ” ƒ†‹œ‹‘‹ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥͷ͸Ǥ

ͳʹͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘‹••‹‘ƒ›’”‘’‘•‡–”‡ƒ–›ƒ‡†‡–•ǡ‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘Žƒ— Š •”‡“—‹”‹‰–”‡ƒ–›ƒ‡†‡–•–‘‹’Ž‡‡–dzȌǤ ͷȌš–‡†–Š‡–‹‡Ž‹‹––‘ͳͺǦʹͶ‘–Š•Ǥ ͸Ȍ ‡†— ‡ –Š‡ ‹‹— —„‡” ‘ˆ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• –‘ ͷ ȋDz —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”–›‘Ž›‡‡†•‡„‡”•ˆ”‘•‡˜‡‡„‡”•–ƒ–‡•Ǥ ‹˜‡–Šƒ–  ‹••‹’Ž›ƒƒ‰‡†ƒǦ•‡––‹‰‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽŽƒ–‡”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–ƒǦ †ƒ”†  Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ǡ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ˆ”‘ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ͷ ‡„‡” ȋͳȀ͸Ȍ•–ƒ–‡•™‘—Ž†„‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–dzȌǤ ͹Ȍ ”‘˜‹†‡ ’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ•—’’‘”––‘  ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ȋDz—’’‘”–’”‹‘” –‘•‹‰ƒǦ –—”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•Š‘—Ž† ‹ Ž—†‡ ‘’”‡Š‡•‹˜‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘Š‘™–‘ ‘†— –ƒ ƒ†Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ†˜‹ ‡Ǥ ‡–Š‡ Šƒ•„‡‡†‡ Žƒ”‡†ƒ†Ǧ ‹••‹„Ž‡ǡ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡š–‹–‘ƒŽŽʹͳ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡†Ǥ ‘ ’”‘‘–‡ –”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‹–‹œ‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡‡–ǡ –”ƒ˜‡Ž˜‘— Š‡”•ƒ†ˆ”‡‡‡‡–‹‰•’ƒ ‡ˆ‘” ‹–‹œ‡•ˆ”‘†‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ‘—–”‹‡•–‘‡‡––‘†‹• —••–Š‡ –‘’‹ •Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†dzȌǤͳͶ͸

Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡ǡƒ†™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽ‡–‡” ‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‹ʹͲͳʹǡŠƒ•–ƒ‡‘„‘ƒ”†–Š‡‹••—‡•”ƒ‹•‡†‹’‘‹–•ͳƒ† ͵ǡƒ†’ƒ”–Ž›‹’‘‹–•͸ƒ†͹Ǥ •™‡ŽŽƒ•’”‘‘–‹‰ƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡͳͶ͹‹–

 ͳͶ͸‡‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘”–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡWelcome to the ECI-Campaign!ǡ ʹͶ —Ž›ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’αʹ͹ʹǤ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ƒ†‘ˆ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‡Š”‡‘”ƒ–‹‡‡Ǥ˜Ǥǡ•‡‡‡‡†‹–‡”ǡ Più democrazia per l’Europaǡop. citǤǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›Dieci regole fondamentali per una legge favorevole all’attuazione dell’ICE (10 Fundamental Rules for a Law Implementing the ECI)ǡ ’Ǥ͸ͻȋ’”‘’‘•‡†„›‡‘ ”ƒ › –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǧ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽǤ‘”‰ ƒ†‡Š”‡‘”ƒ–‹‡ȌǤŠ‡ƒ—–Š‘”ƒŽ•‘’”‘’‘•‡•”‡ˆ‘”•ˆ‘”‹–”‘†— ‹‰–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡Ǧ †—‹•–‹–—–‡•ƒ†ƒˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‘†‡Žˆ‘”ƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ —”‘’‡™‹–Š–Š”‡‡ Šƒ„‡”•ȋǡ Šƒ„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡–ƒ–‡•™‹–Š”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†„›ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ǡŠƒ„‡”‘ˆ –Š‡‡‰‹‘•™‹–Šƒ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‡Ž‡ –‡†„›‡ƒ Š‡‰‹‘ƒŽ ‘— ‹ŽȂ‡‰‹‘•ʹȌǤ ‘”ƒ ”‹–‹ ƒŽƒ’’”‘ƒ Šǡ•‡‡ ‡”–ƒ‹‘’‹‹‘•„›ƒƒŽ›•–•ƒ†ƒ –‹˜‹•–•‹Ǥ‡†”‘™‹ œǡ Dz‹”‡ – ‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǣ ‹–‹œ‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ‘‡ –‘ —”‘’‡dz, Timeǡ ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ͹ ’”‹Žǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–‹‡Ǥ ‘Ȁ–‹‡Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ȁƒ”–‹ Ž‡ȀͲǡͺͷͻͻǡͳͻ͹ͺͲ͸ͻǡͲͲǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳͶ͹‡‡–Š‡’”‡••—”‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰„›  ȋ ‡—‡•—”‘’±‡• ±†±”ƒŽ‹•–‡•ǡ‘—‰—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–•Ȍ™‹–Š‘’‡Ž‡––‡”–‘„‡•‡––‘•ǡ‘‹••‹‘‡”•ǡ ‡ƒ†•‘ˆ–ƒ–‡ǡ ‹‹•–‡”•‘ˆ ‘”‡‹‰ˆˆƒ‹”••‘Ž‹ ‹–‹‰ƒ‡†‡–••‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Š‘•‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡  ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǣ  ǡStepping up the Campaign to Inject More Democracy into the EU!ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ Œ‡ˆǤ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡Ǧ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ ‘Ǥ—Ȁƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ȁ ƒ’ƒ‹‰•Ȁ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȀǢ  ǡ 

ͳʹʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒŽ•‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰• ˆ‘” —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹  ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†ȋƒ• ‡–‹‘‡†‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”Ȍƒ†‡™‘‡•ȋ‘–‹ˆ”‡“—‡–Ž›™‹–Š ƒ’ƒ‹‰•–Šƒ– ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ƒ –‹‘•ˆ‘”‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ƒ‘‰–Š‡’—„Ž‹ Ȍ‘–Š‡™‹†Ǧ ‡•–”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ•—„Œ‡ –•ǡͳͶͺ‘ˆƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒŽƒ–—”‡„—–™Š‹ Š ‘—Ž†ǡ‹–Š‡ˆ—Ǧ –—”‡ǡ„‡”‡‰‹•–‡”‡†ƒ†’‘••‹„Ž›ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡†„›–Š‡Ǥ˜‡–Š‘—‰Š –Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•‡––‹‰—’‹•›‡––‘„‡ˆ‹ƒŽ‹•‡†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–  ‘—Ž†„‡ ‘‡ –Š‡‘‡Žƒ— Š‡†‹ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͲǡ’”‘‘–‡†„› ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ǡ ƒŽŽ‹‰ˆ‘”ƒ ‘”ƒ–‘”‹— ‘ ƒŽŽ ‡™ ‡‡–‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘†‹ˆ‹‡† ȋ Ȍ ”‘’ ’”‘†— –‹‘‹ —”‘’‡—–‹Žƒ’”‘’‡”•ƒˆ‡–›”‡‰‹‡Šƒ•„‡‡’—–‹’Žƒ ‡ǤŠ‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”‹•ƒ–‹‘„›–Š‡‘ˆƒ ƒ–‹„‹‘–‹ Ǧ”‡•‹•–ƒ– ’‘Ǧ –ƒ–‘Ǥ  ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‹•  ǡ ‘‡ ‹ŽŽ‹‘ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ˆ”‘ ƒ ”‘••‡˜‡”› ‘—–”›‹–Š‡™‡”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†„›ʹͺ‡’–‡„‡”ƒ†Dz•‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ‘Ǧ –‹—‡–‘’‘—”‹ˆ”‘ƒ ”‘••—”‘’‡dzǤŠ‡‘‹••‹‘”‡ ‡‹˜‡†•‹‰ƒǦ –—”‡• ‹  –‘„‡” ʹͲͳͲ ƒ† †‡ Žƒ”‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ’‡–‹–‹‘ ƒ „‡ ‰‹˜‡ ˆ—ŽŽ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥˆ–‡”–Š‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ”‡“—‡•––Š‡”‡Šƒ•–‘„‡ƒDzƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› –‡•–dz‹‘”†‡”–‘„‡ ‘‡ƒ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ǤͳͶͻŠ‡ ™ƒ•‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽŽ›’”‡Ǧ  Open Letter. Concerns: The ECI is Your Best Shot to Inject More Democracy into the EUǡ Š––’ǣȀȀŒ‡ˆǤ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡Ǧ‡—”‘’‡Ǥ ‘Ǥ—Ȁˆ‹Ž‡ƒ†‹Ȁˆ‹Ž‡•̴Œ‡ˆǦ‡—”‘’‡Ȁ –‹˜‹–‹‡•Ȁƒ’ƒ‹‰•Ȁ ‡™̴  ̴’‡̴‡––‡”̴‘̴–Š‡̴ ̴Ǧ̴Š‡̴ ̴‹•̴›‘—”̴„‡•–̴•Š‘–̴–‘̴‹Œ‡ –̴‘”‡̴†‡‘ ”ƒ ›̴‹–‘̴–Š‡̴Ǥ†‘ Ǥ ‘”ƒˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š•‡‡ƒŽ•‘–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ ȋ‹‘‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–•Ȍǣ Ǥ‘–ƒ‹ǡDzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ‡™ ’”‹‰–‹‡ ˆ‘” —”‘’‡ƒ ‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǫdzǡ Europe’s Worldǡ ͳͳ  –‘„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡•™‘”Ž†Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡™‰Ž‹•ŠȀ ‘‡̴‘Ž†Ȁ‘—‹–›‘•–•Ȁ–ƒ„‹†ȀͺͲͻȀ‘•– Ȁͳ ͺͻͷȀŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡• ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‡™’”‹‰–‹‡ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ƒ‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǥƒ•’šǤ ͳͶͺ‡‡ǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‘ˆƒ—”‘’‡ƒ†ƒ›†‡†‹ ƒ–‡†–‘‘„‡•‹–›ȋ—”‘’‡ƒ „‡•‹–›ƒ›ȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ—Ǥ‘„‡•‹–›†ƒ›Ǥ‡—Ȁ‡Ȁ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ’‡–‹–‹‘Ǥ ͳͶͻDz ‹”•–Ǯ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǯ–‘ƒŽŽˆ‘” ”‘’ ”‡‡œ‡dzǡEuractivǡ͸ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ ƒ’Ȁˆ‹”•–Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ƒŽŽǦ‰Ǧ ”‘’Ǧˆ”‡‡œ‡Ǧ‡™•Ǧ ͶͻͺͷʹͶǢǤƒ•‘Ž‹‹ǡEuropeans Mobilize against GM FoodǡͳͲ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ„‹Ǧ ›ƒƒ•”Ǥ ‘Ȁ™‘”†’”‡••Ȁǫ’αͳͺʹͺͷǤ‡‡–Š‡’‡–‹–‹‘ƒ†’”‡••”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡‘ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ǯ• ™‡„•‹–‡ǣ1 Million Voices for a GE-free FutureǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǧ ƒŽȀ‡Ȁ ƒ’ƒ‹‰•Ȁƒ‰”‹ —Ž–—”‡Ȁ•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǧ‡ ‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽǦˆƒ”‹‰Ȁ–ƒ‡Ǧƒ –‹‘ȀǦ ‡–‹–‹‘Ȁǫ–Š‹‰•–‘†‘Ǥ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ Šƒ• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† –Š‹• ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š ˜ƒƒœǡ Dzƒ ‡™ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‘Ž‹‡ ƒ†˜‘ ƒ › ‘—‹–› –Šƒ– „”‹‰• ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǧ’‘™‡”‡† ’‘Ž‹–‹ • –‘ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ †‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰dzˆ‘—†‡†‹ʹͲͲ͹ǢŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ˜ƒƒœǤ‘”‰Ȁ‡Ȁ‡—̴‰‘ȀǤ –Š‡‘Ž›—Ǧ ”‘’‡ƒǦ™‹†‡’‘ŽŽ‘’—„Ž‹ ‘’’‘•‹–‹‘–‘  ”‘’•ǡƒŽ‘•–͸Ͳ’‡” ‡–‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ•‡Ǧ š’”‡••‡†–Š‡‹” ‘ ‡”Ǣ—”‘„ƒ”‘‡–‡”ǡAttitudes of European citizens towards the envi- ronment, ReportǤ ‹‡Ž†™‘”ǣ‘˜‡„‡”Ǧ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͲ͹ǡ—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ǣƒ” ŠʹͲͲͺǡ’Ǥ͸ͷǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’—„Ž‹ ̴‘’‹‹‘Ȁƒ” Š‹˜‡•Ȁ‡„•Ȁ‡„•̴ʹͻͷ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǢ •‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ Over a Mil- 

ͳʹ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•‡–‡† –‘ –Š‡  ‡ƒŽ–Š ‘‹••‹‘‡”ǡ ‘Š ƒŽŽ‹ǡ ‘ ͻ ‡ ‡„‡”ǡ •‹š †ƒ›•„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ’’”‘˜‡†–Š‡‡™ ‹–‹œ‡•‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ƒ•–‹‰–Š‡ Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ ›‘ˆ–Š‡‹”’‡–‹–‹‘‹–‘†‘—„–Ǥ‹ ‡–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘™‹ŽŽ‘– „‡‹ˆ‘” ‡—–‹ŽʹͲͳʹƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•‘””‡“—‹•‹–‡•‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡  ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡‘–›‡–ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹••–‹ŽŽ Žƒ••‡†ƒ•ƒ‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡–‹–‹‘ƒ†•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ›Šƒ˜‡–‘„‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ƒ‰ƒ‹ˆ‘”–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ –‘ „‡ ˜ƒŽ‹†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡” –Š‹• ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘– ‘Ž› ‡‡–•ǡ „—– ƒŽ•‘ ‡š ‡‡†• ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ† ‘†‹–‹‘•ƒ‰”‡‡†„›–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ȋ‹–‹• ‘˜‡”ƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ͳǡͲ͵Ͳǡ͵Ͳͺ–‘„‡’”‡ ‹•‡ǡˆ”‘ƒŽŽʹ͹ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡† ™‡ŽŽ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ ›‡ƒ”ǡ ƒ† ”‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‘—–”› “—‘–ƒ• ‹ –™‡Ž˜‡ ‘—–”‹‡•Ǧˆ‹˜‡‘”‡–Šƒ–Š‡‹‹—ǡ™‹–ŠƒŽŽ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•˜‡”‹Ǧ ˆ‹ƒ„Ž‡ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ȌǤͳͷͲŽ‡‰ƒŽ‘’‹‹‘„›—†™‹‰”¡‡”ǡƒ ‡”ƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‡š’‡”– ƒ† ƒš‹— ‡š’‡”– ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‘ǡ ˆ‘”‡”Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ‡’Ž‘›‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡  ˆ”‘ ͳͻ͹ʹ –‘ ʹͲͲͶǡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ƒ†•–ƒ–‡•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ  ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͳ™‹–Š”‡‰ƒ”†–‘ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ”‹‰Š–‘ˆ’‡–‹–‹‘‹•— ‘†‹Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽƒ†•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž›’”‡ ‹•‡ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‹–‹•ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‹ –‘„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ †‹”‡ –Ž› ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ „› –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒǦ ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Ž–‘ƒ†‘’––Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰’”‘˜‹•‹‘•—†‡” ”–‹ Ž‡ ʹͶ   †‘‡• ‘– ƒˆˆ‡ – –Š‡  ‹–‹œ‡• –‘ ‡š‡” ‹•‡ –Š‡‹” ”‹‰Š–—†‡””–‹ Ž‡ͳͳǤͳͷͳ  lion Europeans Call for GM Crop FreezeǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡†‹ƒǦ‡™•™‹”‡Ǥ ‘Ȁ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡̴ͳͳʹͺͺͷ͹Ǥ Š–ŽǢǤ‹•’‹‹ǡOver a Million EU Citizens Finally Have their Say on GM Cropsǡͻ‡ ‡Ǧ „‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȀ‡Ȁ‡™•ȀŽ‘‰•Ȁƒ‹‰™ƒ˜‡•Ȁ‘˜‡” ǦƒǦ‹ŽŽ‹‘Ǧ‡—Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ǦŠƒ˜‡Ǧ–Š‡‹”Ȁ„Ž‘‰Ȁʹͻ͵͵ͳǤ 150 ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž••‡‡ǣ ǡGMOs: Commissioner Dalli receives a petition from Gre- enpeace and Avaazǡ‹††ƒ›š’”‡••ǦǦ‡™•ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡••ƒ†‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‡”˜‹Ǧ ‡ǯ• ‹††ƒ› „”‹‡ˆ‹‰ǡ ͻ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ ‘‹••‹‘̴ʹͲͳͲǦʹͲͳͶȀ †ƒŽŽ‹Ȁ†‘ •Ȁ ̴‹††ƒ›̴ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡‡–‹–‹‘̴ͲͻͳʹʹͲͳͲ̴‡Ǥ’†ˆǢ ˜ƒƒœǤ‘”‰ǡ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ǡ Q&A European Citizens’ Initiativeǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ”ƒ™Ȁ ‘–‡–Ȁ‡—Ǧ—‹–Ȁ ’”‡••Ǧ ‡–”‡Ȁ’‘Ž‹ ›Ǧ’ƒ’‡”•Ǧ„”‹‡ˆ‹‰•Ȁ‡ ‹Ǧƒ†ǦͻǦͳʹǦͳͲǤ’†ˆǢ Ǥ ‹ŽŽ‹•ǡ Dz ‡ ‡‹˜‡• –‹Ǧ  ‡–‹–‹‘ ‹† ƒ‰‹‰ ‡‰ƒŽ ƒ––Ž‡dzǡ Euobserverǡ ͳͲ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ‡—‘„•‡”˜‡”Ǥ ‘ȀͺͺͷȀ͵ͳͶ͹ͶǢDz ”‡‡ ”‘—’• —’–Š‡ —‘—”‘’‡ǯ•‹ŽŽ‹‘‹‰ƒ–—Ǧ ”‡ƒ™dzǡEnvironment News Serviceǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡•Ǧ‡™ •™‹”‡Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡•Ȁ†‡ ʹͲͳͲȀʹͲͳͲǦͳʹǦͳ͸ǦͲͳǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳͷͳǤ”¡‡”ǡLegal opinion on European Citizens’ Initiative Dec 2010ǡƒ†”‹†ǡ͹ Ǧ –‘„‡”ʹͲͳͲǦ††‹–‹‘‘ˆʹ͹‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–Ǧ‘Ž‹ ›ƒ’‡”• 

ͳʹͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

 ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ†—”‹‰ƒ’”‡•• ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡–Šƒ–ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†–Š‡˜‘–‡‹ˆƒ˜‘—” ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡˜‹ ‡Ǧ’”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘ e‡ˆ«‘˜‹« •ƒ‹† –Šƒ– –Š‹• ’‡–‹–‹‘ ‹• ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› Dz’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ› ˜‡”› ‹Ǧ ’‘”–ƒ–dz„—–‹– ƒ‘–„‡Ž‡‰ƒŽŽ› ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ•ƒ „‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡‡‰—Ǧ Žƒ–‹‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‹‰–Š‡”—Ž‡•™ƒ•‘–›‡–‹ˆ‘” ‡ƒ†–Š‡Šƒ†–‘†‡ˆ‡† Dz–Š‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‡”‡•–dzǡ‡ˆ‘” ‹‰ƒ•–”‹ –Ž›Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹•–‹  ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š ‘–Š‹•’‘‹–Ǥ’‘•‹–‹‘•†‘‘–ƒŽŽƒ‰”‡‡ǣƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘‹ƒƒƒŽŽ‹•Dz„› Žƒ— Š‹‰–Š‹•’‡–‹–‹‘ƒ––Š‡–‹‡–Šƒ–‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•‘–Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ™‡”‡•–‹ŽŽ–ƒ‹‰’Žƒ ‡ǡ–Š‡ Šƒ†™‹ŽŽ‹‰Ž›–ƒ‡–Š‹•”‹•dzǤ‹ ‡˜‡”•ƒ ¡ˆ‡” ƒ’’‡ƒŽ‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š –‘ „‡ ‘”‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ –Šƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹•–‹ ǡ •–ƒ–‹‰–Šƒ––Šƒ–Dz–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ’‡–‹–‹‘•–Šƒ–•— ‡‡†‡†‹‘„–ƒ‹‹‰‘‡ ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡–ƒ‡‹–‘˜‡”›•‡”‹‘—•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘•‹†‡”ƒǦ –‹‘ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡›†‘‘–›‡–ˆ—Žˆ‹Ž–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ‘ˆƒ dzǤͳͷʹ Š‡ ‘”—‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹˜‹Ž‘ ‹‡–›Šƒ•’”‘‘–‡†ƒ Ǧƒ–‡” Žƒ–ˆ‘”‹‘”†‡”–‘—•‡–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘–‘’”‘’‘•‡ƒ‡†‡–•–‘ –Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ‹”‡ –‹˜‡‘ǤʹͲͲͲȀ͸ͲȀǡͳͷ͵ ‘ ‡”‹‰–Š‡Ǧ ‹‘ƒ –‹‘‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ™ƒ–‡”’‘Ž‹ ›ǤͳͷͶ ˆ–‡” ƒ’ƒǯ• ™‘”•– — Ž‡ƒ” ƒ ‹†‡– ƒ– ——•Š‹ƒ — Ž‡ƒ” ’‘™‡” ’Žƒ–• ƒ”‹•‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ– ƒ•– ƒ’ƒ ‡ƒ”–Š“—ƒ‡ ƒ† –•—ƒ‹‘ ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͳǡƒ –‘‹†— ‡–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡™‹–Š†”ƒ™ƒŽ‘ˆ— Ž‡ƒ”‡‡”Ǧ ‰› ‘—Ž†„‡’”‘’‘•‡†ǡ ƒŽŽ‹‰ƒŽ•‘ˆ‘”ƒ‹–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ –‘ƒ„‘Ž‹•Š—”‘’‡ƒ–‘‹ ‡”‰›‘—‹–›ȋ—”ƒ–‘ȌǤͳͷͷ ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‡„ƒ–‡‘–Š‡†”ƒˆ–‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡ ǡ–Š‡  ƒ† ”‹‡ˆ‹‰•ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ‘”‰Ȁ‡—Ǧ—‹–Ȁ’”‡••Ǧ ‡–”‡Ȁ’‘Ž‹ ›Ǧ’ƒ’‡”•Ǧ„”‹‡ˆ‹‰• ȀŽ‡‰ƒŽǦ‘’‹‹‘Ǧ‘Ǧ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ͳͷʹȋȌDzȀ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ•’’”‘˜‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘dzǡAgence Europeȋ—ŽŽ‡–‹ —‘–‹†‹‡—”‘’‡ǡ‘ͳͲʹ͹ͺȌǡŠ—”•†ƒ›ͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥ͹Ǥ ͳͷ͵ Š––’ǣ ȀȀ ‡—” Ǧ Ž‡šǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡— Ȁ ‡š ”‹ ‡”˜Ȁ‡š”‹‡”˜Ǥ†‘ǫ—”‹α  ǣ ǣʹͲͲͲǣ͵ʹ͹ǣ ͲͲͲ ǣ ͲͲ͹ʹǣǣ Ǥ ͳͷͶ‡‡ǤǤ ”‘•Œ‡ƒǡPlatform “European Citizens’ Initiative - Waterǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡ‡”ƒǦ ‡– ‘”— ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž ‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ʹ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡Ǥˆ‘”—Ǧ ‹˜‹ŽǦ•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ ‘”‰Ȁ•’‹’Ǥ’Š’ǫƒ”–‹ Ž‡ʹ͵ͲǤ ͳͷͷ ‡‡ Citizens’ Initiative to Help Faymann’s Anti-nuclear Crusadeǡ ‹ Dz—”ƒ –‹˜dz ʹͺ ’”‹Ž ʹͲͳͳǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁ‡‡”‰›Ȁ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǦŠ‡Ž’Ǧˆƒ›ƒ•Ǧƒ–‹Ǧ — Ž‡ƒ”Ǧ ”—•ƒ†‡Ǧ‡™•ǦͷͲͶ͵ͷ͸Ǣ Together with SPÖ: Gabriel: People’s Initiative Against Nuclear Powerǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ ‘‘‹ •‡™•’ƒ’‡”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’‘Ž‹ ›Ȁ‰‡”ƒȀ–‘‰‡–Š‡”Ǧ™‹–ŠǦ•’‘Ǧ‰ƒ„”‹‡ŽǦ ’‡‘’Ž‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧƒ‰ƒ‹•–Ǧ— Ž‡ƒ”Ǧ’‘™‡”Ǧͳͳʹ͹ǤŠ–ŽǤ

ͳʹͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ Šƒ† Žƒ— Š‡† ƒ ‘Ž‹‡ ’‡–‹–‹‘‹•—’’‘”–‘ˆ•‘‡ƒ‡†‡–•‹–Šƒ†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›’—–ˆ‘”–ŠǤͳͷ͸ –• †‹”‡ –‘”Žƒ–‡” ‘‡–‡†‘–Š‡‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•ƒ††‡„ƒ–‡Š‹‰ŠŽ‹‰Š–Ǧ ‹‰–Š‡‡‡†‘ˆƒƒ†ƒ–‘”›Š‡ƒ”‹‰ˆ‘” •ȋ•—„•‡“—‡–Ž›‹ Ž—†‡†‹ –Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Ȍƒ†–‘‡š Ž—†‡–Š‡”‡“—‡•–ˆ‘”  ƒ”†—„‡”•ˆ‘”–Š‡ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡ ȋ‘– ƒ ‡’–‡†ȌǤͳͷ͹ Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ  –‹‘ ‡”˜‹ ‡ ȋȌ ’—„Ž‹ ‹•‡† ƒ Ž‡––‡” ‹– Šƒ† ‹” —Žƒ–‡† ƒ‘‰ • ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡› •—‰‰‡•–‡† ‡š–‡†‹‰ –Š‡ –‹‡ –‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ – •‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ ‹–”‘†— ‹‰ Ž‡•• •–”‹‰‡–’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ˆ‘”˜‡”‹ˆ›‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•–‘ƒ˜‘‹†Dz†‹• ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ƒ† Ž‹‹–‹‰–Š‡ Šƒ ‡•‘ˆ•— ‡••ˆ‘”ƒ›‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•dzǤͳͷͺŠ‡Ž‡––‡” ‘Ǧ –ƒ‹‡†–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆƒ•—”˜‡› ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›–Š‡•ƒ‡ ǡ™Š‹ Š •Š‘™‡†Š‘™͸͸’‡” ‡–‘ˆƒŽŽ‹–‡”˜‹‡™‡‡•Dz ‘—Ž†”‡ˆ—•‡–‘•‹‰ƒ‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡›™‡”‡ƒ•‡†–‘’”‘˜‹†‡–Š‡‹”‹†‡–‹–› ƒ”†‘”’ƒ••’‘”– —„‡”dzǤͳͷͻƒ•–ǡ–Š‡Ž‡––‡” ƒŽŽ‡†ˆ‘”ƒ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡

 ͳͷ͸Š‡–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡’‡–‹–‹‘‹•ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣDz‘ƒŽŽ‰‘˜‡”‡–•ǡ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘‹••‹‘ǣǮ• ‹–‹œ‡•™Š‘™ƒ––‘ ‡‰ƒ‰‡ ‹ —”‘’‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ ™‡ ƒŽŽ ‘ ›‘— –‘ ƒ†‘’– ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋ ȌǤ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡‡‘—‰Š–‹‡ȋͳͺ‘–Š•Ȍǡ ƒ†–Š‡›•Š‘—Ž†‘–”‡“—‹”‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ˆ”‘‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡Ǧˆ‹ˆ–Š‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ǥ ‡ƒ†‹‰ ‘”’ƒ••’‘”–—„‡”•ˆ”‘•‹‰‡”•‹•ƒ—‡ ‡••ƒ”›Š—”†Ž‡–Šƒ–•Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ˜‘‹†‡†Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡• —•– „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ’”‡•‡– ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• ‹ ƒ ’—„Ž‹  Š‡ƒ”‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǤŠ‡ —•–‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ†ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ‹–‹œ‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǯDzǢ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘” –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ Please Support Our Petition for ECI!ǡ ʹͷ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’αͷͺͲǢ EU: Time for People-Powered Democ- racy!ǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ˜ƒƒœǤ‘”‰Ȁ‡Ȁ‡—̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ȁǫ ŽαͺͶͲ͹Ͷ͵ͻͺͺƬ˜α͹͸ʹ͵Ǣ Avaaz Support ECI Campaign and Launches Petition for a Usable Citizens’ Initiativeǡ ”‡•• ‡Ǧ Ž‡ƒ•‡ „› –Š‡   ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡ ʹͷ ‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’α ͷͺͺǤŠ‡ǯ• ǡ‘͵Ͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ—ƒ‹‘—•Ž›ƒ†‘’–‡†‹–•’‘•‹–‹‘‘–Š‡  ™Š‹ Š ‹ Ž—†‡† ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ ’‡–‹–‹‘ǯ• ’‘‹–• Ȃ ‡š ‡’– ˆ‘” –Š‡ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘ †‡ƒ†Ž‹‡ ™Š‹ Š ”‡ƒ‹• –™‡Ž˜‡ ‘–Š•Ǣ Compromise ECI Regulation Requires Mandatory Public Hearings… but Allows Collection of ID Numbersǡ ͳ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡„›–Š‡  ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’α͸ʹͳǤ ͳͷ͹Ǥ‡”‰ǡDz‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹•‡‹‰ —––‡†‹‡ Š‹ ƒŽ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•dzǡEuractivǡ ‡––‡”•–‘–Š‡†‹–‘”ǡ͹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ„Ž‘‰ƒ –‹˜Ǥ‡—ȀʹͲͳͲȀͳʹȀͲ͹Ȁ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ‹•Ǧ„‡‹‰Ǧ‰—––‡†Ǧ‹Ǧ–‡ Š‹ ƒŽǦ‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•ȀǤ ͳͷͺ Ǥ ƒ•–„‡”‰‡” ȋ”‡•‹†‡– ‘ˆ Ȍǡ Open Letter to the Members of the European Parliament: The European Parliament Should Take a Stand for Transnational Democracyǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡ ƒ•Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ‡—Ȁ ‘–‡–Ȁ˜‹‡™Ȁ͵͸ͳȀʹʹʹȀǤ ͳͷͻIbid.‡‡ƒŽ•‘ Survey on the Personal Identification Data Requirement in the Citi- 

ͳʹ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

 ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•Ǥͳ͸Ͳ  ƒ†‡‹ •Šƒ˜‡ƒŽ•‘’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‘ˆ„”‘ƒ†‡‹‰–Š‡‹•–”—Ǧ ‡–ˆ‘”ƒ –‘‹ Ž—†‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•Ǥͳ͸ͳ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†• •—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–› Ȃ ƒŽ•‘ –ƒ‡ –‘ ‡ƒ Ž‘•‡‡•• –‘ ‹–‹œ‡• Ȃ ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‹• ’ƒ•‘—–™‹–Š–Š‡‡™‹•–”—‡–ˆ‘”’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘”‡’”‡•‡–‡†„›–Š‡  ƒ†–Š‡‡™”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›ǡ•‘‡ ƒ—Ǧ –Š‘”••–ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒŽŽ‘™‡†„›ƒ‹•–”—‡– •— Šƒ•–Š‡ †‘‡•‘–‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›‘ˆˆ•‡––Š‡Žƒ ‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹–Š‡ •‹ ‡–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆƒˆ—ŽŽ›Ž‡‰‹–‹‹•‡†ƒ†”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡‹•–Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ‡ ‡••ƒ”›ˆ‘”†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•‹‰–Š‡Ǥͳ͸ʹ–Š‡”•ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ—”‰‡†–Š‡ –‘Šƒ˜‡‘”‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”‘˜‡” ‘‹‰–Š‡ǯ•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ‹‘ˆ‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡“—‡•–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ƒ†˜ƒ”‹‘—•  •Ǥͳ͸͵’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ˜‡”› ”‹–‹ ƒŽ•–—†›‘–Š‡†”ƒˆ–‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘  • ‘‹••‹‘‡†„›–Š‡Ƭ ”‘—’ƒ† ƒ””‹‡†‘—–„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‹‘ ‡‘ ”ƒ › „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› ȋȌǡ —†‡” –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ Ž‡šƒǦ †‡” Ǥ”‡ Š•‡Žƒ†”—‘†‡‹––‡ȋ—”‘’‡ƒ‹˜‡”•‹–› •–‹–—–‡Ȍǡ”‡Ǧ  zens’ InitiativeǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡ ƒ•Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ‡—Ȁ ‘–‡–Ȁ˜‹‡™Ȁ͵ͶͶȀ͵ͶʹȀǤ ͳ͸Ͳ ƒ•–„‡”‰‡”ǡOpen Letter to the Members of the European Parliamentǡop.cit. ͳ͸ͳDz –™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡™‘”–Š ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ǡ‡‹–Š‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡–‹‘‘”‹–Š‡ –‡”Ǧ ‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ǡ™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ȋ–‘‘Ȍ‘—‰Š––‘„‡‰‹˜‡–Š‡ ”‹‰Š––‘‹˜‹–‡–Š‡‘‹••‹‘–‘’”‘’‘•‡ǤǤŽƒ™•Ǥƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ƒ”‡†‹”‡ –Ž› ƒ†Ž‘ ƒŽŽ›‡Ž‡ –‡†ǡ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”‹ƒ•Ž‹˜‡‹–Š‡‹” ‘•–‹–—‡ ‹‡•‹ ‘–ƒ –™‹–Š ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ –Š‡”‡‹•ƒ™‘”‹‰‹–‡”Ǧ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”›‡–™‘”–Šƒ– ƒˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡’”‘†— –‹‘‘ˆƒ‹‹Ǧ –‹ƒ–‹˜‡ȋSee, e.g.,‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡‘ˆ‘—‹–›ƒ†—”‘’‡ƒˆˆƒ‹”•‘‹––‡‡•‘ˆƒ”Ž‹ƒǦ ‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ȋȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‘•ƒ Ǥ‡—Ȍƒ†’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”‹ƒ•ƒ”‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡†Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‘”•Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•™‡”‡ˆ‘—†‹ ƒ’ƒ„Ž‡‘ˆ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰ –Š‡”‡•’‘•‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ‹‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •ǡ’‡”Šƒ’•–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–Š‡„‡––‡”–‹‡–‘ ‡š’‡”‹‡– ™‹–Š ‘–‹‡–Ǧ•‹œ‡ ”‡ˆ‡”‡†ƒ ‘ ’‡–‹–‹‘•dzǢ Ǥ e— Šƒǡ Dz—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡•ȋǮȌȋƒ›‘‘ƒ‡Š‡Ȍ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡ‹Columbia Journal of European Law Onlineǡ‘ŽǤ ͳ͸ȋʹͲͳͲȌǡ’Ǥ͸Ͷȋ’’ǤͷͻǦ͸ͷȌǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ Œ‡ŽǤ‡–Ȁ‘Ž‹‡Ȁͳ͸̴ͳǦ•— ŠƒȀǢŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ Œ‡ŽǤ‡–Ȁ™’Ǧ ‘–‡–Ȁ—’Ž‘ƒ†•ȀʹͲͳͲȀͲͷȀ— Šƒ̴‘Ž‹‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͳ͸ʹ‡‡ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ Ǥ–‹”ǡThe European Union after Lisbon: An Increased ‘Closeness to Citizens’ through Institutional Reform?ǡ‡ –—”‡͵ʹ† ȋ—”‘’‡ƒ ”‘—’ˆ‘”—„Ž‹  †‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘Ȍ ‘—Ž‘—•‡ǡ ‡ –—”‡ —ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ Ȃ ‡’–‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ ͳ͵ —‰—•– ʹͲͳͲǡ’’ǤͳͷǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡‰’ƒʹͲͳͲǤ ‘Ȁ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ ͳͲȀ–‹”Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͳ͸͵ Ǥ ƒ‡Žǡ Ǥ ڎŽ‡”ǡ Mehr Demokratie wagen: Der Entwurf zur Europäischen Bürgerinitiative muss überarbeitet werdenǡ—•–”‹ƒ •–‹–—–ˆò”—”‘’ƒǦ—†‹ Š‡”Š‡‹–•Ǧ ’‘Ž‹–‹  ȋ ǡ ‘—• ͷȀʹͲͳͲȌǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ‹‡•Ǥƒ–Ȁ†‘™Ž‘ƒ†ȀʹͲͳͲȀ Ǧ ‘—•ǦʹͲͳͲǦ ͲͷǤ’†ˆǤ

ͳʹ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•—Ž–‡†‹ƒ‡™’”‘’‘•ƒŽƒ‹‡†ƒ–•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–› ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡ƒ—–Š‘”•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡–Šƒ–Dz–Š‡ƒŒ‘”’”‘„Ž‡•ˆ‘”–Š‡‹Ǧ ’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ•–Š‡‡™’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ˆŽƒ‰•Š‹’‘ˆ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•‹•–Šƒ–‹–‹•˜‡”›Šƒ”†–‘†‹•–‹‰—‹•Šˆ”‘–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰’‡Ǧ –‹–‹‘”‹‰Š––‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–dzǤͳ͸Ͷ‘ƒ˜‘‹†–Š‡ „‡ ‘‹‰ Dzƒ–‘‘–ŠŽ‡••’•‡—†‘Ǧ†‹”‡ –ƒ†’•‡—†‘Ǧ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ –‘‘Ždzͳ͸ͷ–Š‡›•—‰‰‡•– –Šƒ––Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡•—’’Ž‡‡–‡†™‹–Šƒ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ™‹†‡”‡ˆ‡Ǧ ”‡†—–‘„‡”‡“—‡•–‡†„›–Š‡™‹–Šƒ•‹’Ž‡ƒŒ‘”‹–›Ǥͳ͸͸ „ƒŽƒ ‡†ƒƒŽ›•‹•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡Ž‡ƒ†•–‘ ‘ Ž—†‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡  ƒ„‡ ƒ ‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›‹•–”—‡––‘”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǥͳ͸͹ ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ’”‘’‘•‡† „› –Š‡  ‘ ͳͷ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‡†‡† ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Šˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†ƒ ‹–‡”Ǧ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ ‘’”‘‹•‡ ƒ• ƒ„‘˜‡ †‡• ”‹„‡†ǡ ™ƒ• ™‡Ž ‘‡†„› ‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹˜‹Ž‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ •’‹–‡‘ˆƒŽ‹‹–‡†—„‡”‘ˆ•—‰Ǧ ‰‡•–‹‘•Šƒ˜‹‰„‡‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‡†˜‡”•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ȋ™‡ŽŽǦ„ƒŽƒ ‡† ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‹‰ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ –Š‡™‹†‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡Ǧ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‘’–‹‘•ǡ–Š‡‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰Š‡ƒ”‹‰’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰Ǧ ‡•ˆ‘”•— ‡••ˆ—Ž‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ȍǡ‡š Ž—†‹‰‘–Š‡”•ȋ•— Šƒ•‡š–‡†‹‰–Š‡’‡Ǧ ”‹‘†ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ†–Š‡‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ ‡– ǤȌ•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘‡–ƒ–‘”• ‘•‹†‡”–Š‡ ‘‹‰‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ •ƒ• ˆ”‘ʹͲͳʹƒ•–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆƒ‡™•‡ƒ•‘ƒ†‘ˆ‡™ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ˆ‘”

 ͳ͸ͶǤ†‡‹––‡ǡǤ Ǥ”‡ Š•‡ŽǡǤƒŒƒ‘˜‹©ǡǤ ‡ŽŽ“—‹•–ǡ Ǥ ‹‡ǡǤ‘œƒ‘ǡLegisla- ting after Lisbon: New Opportunities for the European Parliamentǡ  •–—†›’”‡’ƒ”‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ǡ  „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› ‘ •–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ǡ ǡ ǡ Ž‘”‡ ‡ǡ —‡ʹͲͳͲǡ•‡ –‹‘ͳǤ͹ȋDz‡‹–Š‡”Ǯ‹–‹œ‡ǯȂ‘”Ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǯDzȌ’ǤͳͺǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—‹Ǥ‡—Ȁ”‘Œ‡ –•ȀȀ‘ —‡–•ȀǦ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹‰ƒˆ–‡”‹•„‘ȋȌǤ’†ˆǤ ͳ͸ͷIbid.ǡ’ǤͳͻǤ ͳ͸͸DzŠ‡ƒ††‹‰‘ˆƒ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡ˆ‡”‡†—–‘–Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‹•‘‘—”˜‹‡™Ž‡Ǧ ‰ƒŽŽ›ˆ‡ƒ•‹„Ž‡ǡ–Š—•‹–™‘—Ž†„‡‡‘—‰Š–‘‹ Ž—†‡‹–‹–Š‡ Ǧ”‡‰—Žƒ–‘”›ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”dzǢ Ibid.ǡ’ǤͳͻǤ ͳ͸͹‡‡Ǥ—‡•–ƒ‘’‡œǡThe Lisbon Treaty’s Provisions on Democratic Principles: A Le- gal Framework for Participatory Democracyǡop. citǤŠ‹•ƒ—–Š‘”•ƒ‹†ǣDz™‡—•– ‘ Ž—†‡ –Šƒ–’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡‹•‘–ƒ†‡ˆ‹‹–‹˜‡•‘Ž—–‹‘–‘‹’”‘˜‡–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ “—ƒǦ Ž‹–›‘ˆǣ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡’‘Ž‹ ›Ǧƒ‹‰ ƒ‡˜‡””‡Ǧ ’Žƒ ‡™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‹”‡ –’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†–Š—•„‡•‡‡ƒ• ‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”›–‘†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹œ‡–Š‡dzǢ Ibid.ǡ’Ǥͳ͵ͺǤ

ͳʹͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

–Š‡ Ȃ–‘„‡ƒ‡†‡†ƒ† ‘””‡ –‡†‹–‹‡Ȃ•‡‡‹‰‹–ƒ•ƒ—•‡ˆ—Žƒ† ‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡–‘‘Ž‹’—”•—‹‰–Š‡„ƒ––Ž‡ˆ‘”†‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†–Š‡†‡‘Ǧ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ǤDzŠ‡—Ž–‹ƒ–‡•— ‡••‘”ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡŠ‘™‡˜Ǧ ‡”ǡ™‹ŽŽ†‡’‡†‘Š‘™–Š‡‘‹••‹‘”‡•’‘†•–‘ƒ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž  dzǡ †‡ Žƒ”‡†ƒ”•–‡‡”‰ǡ ƒ’ƒ‹‰†‹”‡ –‘”ƒ––Š‡  ƒ’ƒ‹‰ͳ͸ͺƒˆ–‡” Šƒ˜‹‰•ƒ‹†–Šƒ––Š‡ Dz‹•–Š‡ˆ‹”•––”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–”—‡–‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹Ǧ ’ƒ–‘”› †‡‘ ”ƒ › ‹ ™‘”Ž† Š‹•–‘”›dzǤͳ͸ͻ  ˆƒ”Ǧ”‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡••‹•”‡“—‹”‡†ƒ•ƒ”‡ƒ” Š‹˜‡•ƒ†’”ƒ –‹ ƒŽ™‘”–‘‹Ǧ ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡™‹•–”—‡–Ǥͳ͹Ͳ

4. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION’S REGULATION PROPOSAL AND THE DEBATE IN PROGRESS

Š‡ ‘”†‹ƒ”› Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ሺ ‘Ǧ†‡ ‹•‹‘ሻ •‡– ˆ‘”–Š ‹ ”–Ǥ ʹͶ   „‡‰ƒ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ƒ†‡ ‘ ͵ͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲ „› –Š‡ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ ”‡‡ƒ’‡”‹‘˜‡„‡” ʹͲͲͻ ƒ†ƒ’—„Ž‹  ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘‘–Š‡•—„Œ‡ –ǡ™‹–Š•’‡‡ Š‡•„›–Š‡ ‹•–‹–—Ǧ –‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ

 ͳ͸ͺ ‘”†‹‰–‘‡”‰Dz‡‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ‘–„‡‹‰‘”‡†Ǥ•— ‡••ˆ—Ž —•– Šƒ˜‡ ‘•‡“—‡ ‡•ƒ†Ž‡ƒ†–‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘•ǤŽ›™Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•”‡ƒŽ‹•‡–Šƒ––Š‡› ƒ”‡ƒ –—ƒŽŽ›„‡‹‰Š‡ƒ”†™‹ŽŽ–Š‹•‹•–”—‡–•–”‡‰–Š‡–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǥ–Š‡”™‹•‡‹–™‹ŽŽ•‹’Ž›Ž‡ƒ†–‘‘”‡ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘ǤdzǢ•‡‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘”–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ ECI Campaign Welcomes the Approval of the ECI Regulationǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ‡—Ȁǫ’α͸Ͷ͸Ǥ ͳ͸ͻParliament Gives Go Ahead to Citizens’ PetitionsǡDz—”ƒ –‹˜dzǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ op. cit. ͳ͹Ͳ‡‡Ǥƒ—ˆƒǡDz‡””›Š”‹•–ƒ•ǡ—”‘’‡Ǩdzǡ‘‡–ǡEuobserverǡͳ͸‡ ‡Ǧ „‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—‘„•‡”˜‡”Ǥ ‘Ȁ͹Ȁ͵ͳͷʹͳǤ‡‡ƒŽ•‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†•—’’‘”–‹‘”†‡” –‘Š‡Ž’‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡‹’ƒ –‘ˆƒ •‡‡–Š‡„”‘ Š—”‡Is your organisa- tion ready for the European Citizens’ Initiative?ǡ Dz Ž‡‹•Šƒ ‹ŽŽƒ”† –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘Ǧ —‹ ƒ–‹‘•dz ȋ  Dz‡ Š ’‘–Ž‹‰Š–dz ‘Ǥ ͹Ȍǡ ʹͲ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͳǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™ǤˆŽ‡‹•ŠƒǦ Š‹ŽŽƒ”†Ǥ‡—Ȁ—’Ž‘ƒ†•Ȁ‡™•˜‡–•Ȁ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ—”‘’‡ƒΨʹͲ‹–‹œ‡•Ψ ʹͲ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ΨʹͲ ƒ” Š ΨʹͲʹͲͳͳǤ’†ˆǤ ‘” ƒ ”‡ ‡– —”‘’‡ƒ ‹˜‹Ž •‘ ‹‡–› ‡‡–‹‰ ‘   •‡‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ –‘—–‡Ž‡—”‘’‡Ǥ‡—Ȁˆ”Ȁƒ –‹‘•Ȁ ‹–‘›‡‡–‡ǦŒ—•–‹ ‡ȀŽ‡•Ǧ†”‘‹–•Ǧ†—Ǧ ‹–‘›‡Ǧ‡—”‘’‡‡Ȁ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘Ȁ†‘••‹‡”Ǧ•’‡ ‹ƒŽǦ•—”ǦŽǦ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧ ‹–‘›‡‡ǤŠ–ŽǤ

ͳʹͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‡”‡™‡•ŠƒŽŽ‡šƒ‹‡–Š‡‘•–‹’‘”–ƒ–’”‘ˆ‹Ž‡•‹–Š‡Ž‹‰Š–‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘ǯ•’”‘’‘•ƒŽƒ†–Š‡ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•‡‡”‰‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡ †‡„ƒ–‡‘”™‹–Š‹–Š‡„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡Ǥ

4.1. Minimum number of Member States

Š‹•‹•ƒ’‘‹––Šƒ–‹• ”— ‹ƒŽˆ‘”–Š‡•— ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡƒ†›‡–Š‡ƒ˜‹Ž› †‡„ƒ–‡†ƒ† ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽǤ •†‡• ”‹„‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǯ•’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡•‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”† ‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ƒ•–Š‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—„‡””‡“—‹”‡†„›”–Ǥͳͳǡ —Ž‹‡–Šƒ–”‡“—‡•–‡†„›–Š‡ȋͳȀͶȌƒ†„›˜ƒ”‹‘—•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’‘™‡”• ƒ†‘˜‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›–Šƒ–™‡”‡ƒ•‹‰ˆ‘”‡˜‡Ž‘™‡”’”‘Ǧ ’‘”–‹‘•Ǥ –‹• Ž‡ƒ”Š‘™ǡ„› Š‘‘•‹‰‘––‘•‡–ƒ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ–ƒ–‡•ǡ –Š‡”‡ƒ–›Ž‡ƒ˜‡•‹––‘–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‹• ”‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‘”–‘”‡ ‘Ǧ ‹Ž‡–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ –‘„‡ƒ –—ƒŽŽ›•—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–›‹ ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‹–Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‹•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‹• ”‡–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ƒƒŽ‘‰‹ ƒŽ”‡ƒ•‘‹‰ —•‡†„›–Š‡‹•—’’‘”–‘ˆ‹–• Š‘‹ ‡†‘‡•‘–•‡‡–‘Šƒ˜‡ƒ›„ƒ•‹•Ǥ ˆƒ –ǡ–Š‡•–ƒ ‡‹•„ƒ•‡†ǡDz‘‘–Š‡”’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǡƒ Ǧ ‘”†‹‰–‘™Š‹ Š‹‡‘”‘‡Ǧ–Š‹”†‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‹••—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡––‘‡Ǧ •—”‡–Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆƒ‹‘‹–‡”‡•–Ǥ –‹•–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†—•‡†‹ –Š‡ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘• ‘ Ǯ‡Šƒ ‡† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǯ ™Š‹ Š ’”‘˜‹†‡ –Šƒ– Ǯƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ‹‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ǯ —•– ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡dzǤͳ͹ͳ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ ˆ‹”•– ”‹–‹ ‹• ‘–‡†–Šƒ–”–Ǥ͹͸‘ˆ–Š‡ •–ƒ–‡•ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–’”‘’‘”–‹‘ǡƒ“—ƒ”–‡”‘ˆ –Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǣDzŠ‡ƒ –•”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹Šƒ’–‡”•ͶdzȂ —†‹ ‹ƒŽ‘‘’Ǧ ‡”ƒ–‹‘‹ ”‹‹ƒŽ ƒ––‡”•ȂDzƒ†ͷdzȂ‘Ž‹ ‡‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ȂDz–‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡• ”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ ‹ ”–Ǥ ͹Ͷ ™Š‹ Š ‡•—”‡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘˜‡”‡† „› –Š‡•‡ Šƒ’–‡”•ǡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ†‘’–‡†ǣ ȋƒȌ‘ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ”‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ǡ‘”ȋ„Ȍ‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆƒ“—ƒ”Ǧ –‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•dzȌǤͳ͹ʹ ƒ› ƒ•‡ǡ‹–‹•‡ƒ•›–‘ ‘—–‡”–Š‡”‡ƒ•‘‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ–ǡ

 ͳ͹ͳExplanatory Memorandum, 3.1. Minimum number of Member States (Article 7)‹ ǡProposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Citi- zens’ InitiativeCOM(2010) 119 finalǡop. cit.ǡ’ǤͶǤ ͳ͹ʹ‡‡ ‰”ƒ˜ƒŽŽ‘ǡop. cit.ǡ’ǤʹͷͷǤ

ͳ͵Ͳ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

™Š‡”‡–Š‡”‡ƒ–›‹†‹ ƒ–‡†‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ–ƒ–‡•ǡ‹–†‹†•‘‡š’Ž‹ ‹–Ǧ Ž›ǤŠ‹Ž‡‹”–ǤͳͳǤͶǡ–Š‹• Š‘‹ ‡™ƒ•‘–ƒ†‡ǡƒ†ƒ‘”‡‘’‡Ǧ‡†‡† ƒ’’”‘ƒ Š™ƒ• Š‘•‡ȋDzƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•dzȌǡ‹– ‹• Ž‡ƒ”–Šƒ––Š‹•™ƒ•–‘ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ‹‰–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡‹ˆŽ‡š‹„Ž‡‹–Š‡’”‹ƒ”› •‘—” ‡‘ˆŽƒ™ǤŠ‹•Ž‡ƒ˜‡•‹–‘’‡–‘–Š‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ƒ –•‘ˆ–Š‡–‘ Š‘‘•‡ –Š‡ –Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ǡ ƒ ‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ Š‹•–‘”‹ ƒŽǦ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘‡– ™Š‡”‡ ƒ† ™Š‡ –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘ ‹• ƒ†‡ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– –‹‡ ‘”ǡ Žƒ–‡” ‘ǡ ƒ‡†‡†Ǥ‹–Šƒ˜‹‡™–‘ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ ‹–ƒ’Ǧ ’‡ƒ”•”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ†‘’––Š‡Ž‘™‡•–‘ˆ–Š‡–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ‡šǦ ‡••‹˜‡Ž›Š‹‰Š’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–ƒ–‡• ‘—Ž†—†‡”‹‡–Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• –Šƒ–ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š •—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽǡ ™‘—Ž† ‘Ž› „‡ ‘ˆ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ –‘ ‡”–ƒ‹•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒ”‡ƒ•™Š‡”‡–Š‡”‡™‘—Ž†„‡‘”‡‹–‡”‡•–‹ ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰•—’’‘”–ǡ™Š‹Ž‡ƒ†Š‡•‹‘‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡™‘—Ž†„‡•‘Ž‡Ž›ˆ‘—†‡†‘ –Š‡•Šƒ”‹‰‘ˆƒ‘’‹‹‘Ǥ‡”‡ˆ‡”Š‡”‡–‘ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ‘‡ –‡†™‹–Š –Š‡‡†‹–‡””ƒ‡ƒƒ”‡ƒȋˆ‡™‡”–Šƒͻ ‘—–”‹‡•„—–‘”‡–Šƒ͸Ȍǡ ƒŽǦ –Š‘—‰ŠŽ‹‡™‹•‡–Š‹• ‘—Ž†„‡•ƒ‹†ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”ƒ”‡ƒ••Šƒ”‹‰•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ‰‡‘Ǧ ‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•‘”•‹‹Žƒ”’”‘†— –‹‘ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ‡– ǤŠ‡‹•–”—‡– ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ƒ‹•–‘’”‘–‡ –‹‘”‹–‹‡• ™Š‘ ™‘—Ž†‘–‘–Š‡”™‹•‡„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘„”‹‰–Š‡‹”’”‘„Ž‡•–‘–Š‡ƒ––‡–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡—”‘’‡ƒŽ‡‰‹•Žƒ–‘”ǡ™Š‹ Š•—’’‘”–•–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡ǤŠ‡ ‘’”‘‹•‡–‡š– ‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡™‹–Šƒ‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ•‡˜‡ ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‹•ƒƒ –—ƒŽ‹’”‘˜‡‡–ƒ†ƒ”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”› •‘Ž—–‹‘–‘ƒ˜‘‹†‡š ‡••‹˜‡”‡•–”‹ –‹‘•‹‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ •Ǥ

4.2. Minimum number of signatures per Member State

Š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•’‡ –•‡‡•–‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡”‡•‘Ž˜‡† ‘•‡•—ƒŽŽ›ƒ†‹ ‡‡’‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹”–Ǥ͹ƒ†‹‡š ‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹†‹ ƒ–‡•Dzƒ–Š”‡•Š‘Ž† ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ǡ™Š‹ Š‹•†‡‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽ–‘–Š‡’‘’—Ǧ Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡ƒ Š–ƒ–‡™‹–Šƒ‹‹—–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†ƒ†ƒ ‡‹Ž‹‰dzǤͳ͹͵ †‡‡†ǡ ‹ˆƒ–ƒ–‡‹•–‘„‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‘•‡–Šƒ–Š‡Ž’–‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– “—‘–ƒ”‡“—‹”‡†„›–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǡ‹–‹•”‹‰Š––‘•ƒ›–Šƒ–ƒ‹‹——„‡”

 ͳ͹͵Ibid.ǡ’ǤͷǤ

ͳ͵ͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‘ˆƒ†Š‡•‹‘•ƒ‘‰‹–• ‹–‹œ‡•‹•”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ’—”‡Ž›’”‘’‘”Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽ‡ Šƒ‹•‹‡†‹ƒ–‡Ž›ƒ’’‡ƒ”‡†—ˆƒ‹”„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–› ‹ ‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰ ƒ†Š‡•‹‘• ‰”‘™• ‡š’‘‡–‹ƒŽŽ› ƒ† ‘– ’”‘’‘”–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ  ˆƒ –ǡ Dzƒ •‡– ’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ƒŽŽ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• ‹• ‘– ‡“—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ•‹–‹• — Š‡ƒ•‹‡”ǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ–‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ –•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ˆ”‘ ͳǡͲͲͲ ‹–‹œ‡• ሺ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ ͲǤʹΨ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘ሻ ‹ —š‡„‘—”‰ –Šƒ ͳ͸ͲǡͲͲͲ ‹ ‡”ƒ›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ ‡ƒ•‹‡” ˆ‘” •ƒŽŽ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡• –‘ ‘—–”ƒ–Š‡”–ŠƒŽƒ”‰‡‘‡•dzǤͳ͹ͶŠ‹• ”‹–‡”‹‘‘ˆ”ƒ‹•‹‰–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡•”‡“—‹”‡†‹–Š‡–ƒ–‡•™‹–Šˆ‡™‡”‹Šƒ„‹–ƒ–•ƒ†Ž‘™‡”‹‰ –Š‡ —„‡” ‹ –Š‘•‡ ™‹–Š Žƒ”‰‡ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ‡• –Š‡ •Šƒ”‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ†Š‡•‹‘•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‘—–”‹‡• ‘–”‹„—–‹‰–‘”‡ƒ Š–Š‡–Š”‡Ǧ •Š‘Ž†‘ˆ–ƒ–‡•ˆƒ‹”‡”Ǥ„˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ‹–”‡ƒ‹•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ –ƒ†Š‡•‹‘• ƒŽ•‘‹–ƒ–‡•™Š‡”‡‹–‹•‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘”‡ƒ Š–Š‡‹‹——„‡”‘ˆ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡•Ǥ

4.3. The initial step: formulation, registration, and admissibility of the ECI

‘‰–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•ƒ•’‡ –•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‹•’Šƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘Ǧ ‡–™Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹• Š‡ ‡†‹•‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ–Ǥ  –Š‹• ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡‘’–‹‘•”ƒ‰‡„‡–™‡‡–™‘˜‡”›†‹•–ƒ–‡š–”‡‡•Ǥ–Š‡ ‘‡ •‹†‡ǡ –Š‘•‡ ሺ ‹˜‹Ž •‘ ‹‡–›ǡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‡•ǡ ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ –Š‡ ‘— ‹Ž ƒ† –Š‡ ሻ –Šƒ– ‘•‹†‡”  ǯ• ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›•Š‘—Ž†„‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†‹‡Ǧ †‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ‹–Š‡‘‡–‘ˆ‹–•”‡‰‹•–‡”‹‰ǡƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡„‡ˆ‘”‡„‡‰‹‹‰ –‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ –•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ‘”‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ƒˆ–‡” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ƒ˜‡”›Ž‘™—„‡”‘ˆ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ — Š Ž‘™‡” –Šƒ –Šƒ– ’”‘’‘•‡† „› –Š‡ Ǣ ‘ –Š‡ ‘–Š‡”ǡ ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ǡ ‹ ‹–• †”ƒˆ– ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ •–ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡  ǯ• ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‹•–‘„‡†‘‡‘”‡ƒ Š‹‰͵ͲͲǡͲͲͲ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”– ˆ”‘•‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡• ‘‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––Š”‡‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ǥ Š‡”‡ƒ”‡’‘‹–•‹ˆƒ˜‘—”‘ˆ„‘–Š’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ‹‡†‹ƒ–‡ƒ†‹••‹Ǧ „‹Ž‹–› Š‡  ‘”ǡ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•–ǡ ƒ ƒ†Š‡•‹‘ –Š”‡•Š‘Ž† — Š Ž‘™‡” –Šƒ –Šƒ– ’”‘’‘•‡†ǡ•–‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡‹–‡–‹‘‘––‘†‹• ‘—”ƒ‰‡–—”‹‰–‘–Š‡‹†‡ƒ

 ͳ͹ͶIbid.,Explanatory Memorandum, 2.2. Ensuring that Citizens’ Initiatives Are Repre- sentative of a Union Interestǡ’Ǥ͵Ǥ

ͳ͵ʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‘ˆ–Š‡ †—‡–‘–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ•‡‡‹‰ƒŠ—‰‡‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡ˆˆ‘”–†‡ˆ‡ƒ–‡† „›‹ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡ǯ•ˆ‡ƒ”‘ˆ„‡‹‰•—„‡”‰‡† „› ”‡“—‡•–•–Šƒ– ‘—Ž†‡˜‡”‰ƒ‹™‹†‡•’”‡ƒ† ‘•‡•—•‘”ƒ› ‡˜‡ „‡ •’—”‹‘—• ‘” ’”‘˜‘ ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ —†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‡•• —†‡”•Ǧ –ƒ†ƒ„Ž‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹•–Š‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘—•‡†„›–Š‡‹–Š‡š’Žƒƒ–‘”› ‡‘”ƒ†—‹™Š‹ Šƒ’”‡Ž‹‹ƒ”› Š‡ ‹•‘–‹ Ž—†‡†Dzƒ•ƒƒŒ‘” ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‹•–‘’”‘‘–‡’—„Ž‹ †‡„ƒ–‡‘—”‘’‡ƒ‹••—‡•ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆƒ‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡†‘‡•‘–ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›ˆƒŽŽ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ’‘™‡”•‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹••‹‘dzǤͳ͹ͷ ˆƒ –ǡ•‹ ‡–Š‡ ‹•ƒŽ‡‰ƒŽ’”‘˜‹•‹‘‹ Ž—†‡† –Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•ǡ‹–†‘‡•‘–•‡‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘‡†‘”•‡ƒ†‹• ”‡–‹‘ƒŽ”‡‰Ǧ —Žƒ–‘”› Š‘‹ ‡Œ—•–ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰‹–•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹•–”—‡Ǧ –ƒŽ—•‡Ǥ  ‘”†‡” –‘ ‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ –Š‡ Žƒ— Š‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡™ ‹•–”—‡–ǡ ‹– ™‘—Ž†•‡‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•ƒ•Ž‘™ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡƒ†–Š‹•ƒ’’Ž‹‡•–‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡ ’‘‹–•™Š‡”‡‹‹— –Š”‡•Š‘Ž†• ƒ”‡’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”ǤŠ‹•‹•‡˜‡‘”‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‹•ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡†–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆƒ’’Ž›‹‰ –Š‹•Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹•–‹–—–‹‘Žƒ–‡”Ǥ ‘”–Š‹•’—”’‘•‡ǡ–Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ”‡˜‹‡™ Žƒ—•‡ ‹™Š‹ Š‹–‹••–ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–ǡ‹ˆ‹˜‡›‡ƒ”•ȋ‹–Š‡•’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ„—– —””‡–Ž› ‘Ž›–Š”‡‡ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†‹–Š‡‡†‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ ‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲȌǡ–Š‡•ŠƒŽŽ•‡†ƒ”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡ ‘— ‹Žǡ‡˜‹†‡–Ž›ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆƒ‹‰ƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘–‡š–Ǥ‘‡•—”‡–Š‡ ǯ••— ‡••ǡ‹ƒ‡š’‡”‹‡–ƒŽ•–ƒ‰‡ǡ‹–™‘—Ž† •‡‡ ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‹• ”‡–‹‘ƒŽ Š‘‹ ‡• ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡™‹•–”—‡–ǡ•‹ ‡‹–‹•˜‡”›Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ–ǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‹‹‰–Š‡ ǡ†‡Ǧ ‹•‹‘• ‘—Ž†„‡–ƒ‡ƒ‹‡†ƒ– —”„‹‰ƒ›ƒ„—•‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘•ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› Š‡ –Šƒ–‹•‡‹–Š‡”‹Ǧ ‡†‹ƒ–‡‘”‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ƒŽ‹‹–‡†—„‡”‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–ǤŠ‡ ˆ‘”‡”™ƒ•–Š‡‘‡–Šƒ–‹–Š‡‡†™ƒ•‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ† ™‹ŽŽ ‘‡ ‹–‘ ˆ‘” ‡ ‹ ʹͲͳʹǤ ˆ –Š‡ Žƒ––‡” Šƒ† „‡‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†ǡ ƒ› ƒ‡†‡–•–‘–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ‰”‡‡†„›–Š‡ ’”‘‘–‡”•ǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘†‘‘–—†‡”‹‡–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†Ǥ

 ͳ͹ͷIbid.,Explanatory Memorandum, 3.7. Decision on the Admissibility of Proposed Citi- zens’ Initiatives (Article 8)ǡ’Ǥ͸Ǥ

ͳ͵͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

Š‹••‡ ‘†Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•‹•‡–‹‘‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡƒŽ„‡‹–‹ƒ ‘–”‘˜‡”•‹ƒŽ ƒ‡”‹– ‘—Ž†„‡—•‡–‘”‡–”‘ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›•‘Ž˜‡–Š‡‹••—‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒˆ‘”‡Ǧ ‡–‹‘‡† ”‡‡’‡ƒ ‡ƒ†˜ƒƒœ—”‘’‡–‹–‹‘‘„ƒ‹‰ •ǣ‹ˆƒ – ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡’‡–‹–‹‘™ƒ•’”‡•‡–‡†„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡‡–”›‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ‹– ‘—Ž†‡‡–‹‹—”‡“—‹”‡†•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ†–Š—•ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ ‹‰˜‡”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†ƒ‡†‡–•ǡ‹– ‘—Ž†„‡ƒ ‡’–‡†™‹–Š‘—–Šƒ˜‹‰–‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ ––Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ‰ƒ‹Ǥ Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ǯ•ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›—•– ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›„‡„ƒ•‡†‘Ž› ‘’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•‘ˆŽ‡‰ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽƒ†‡„›–Š‡ Ǧ ‘ˆ–Š‡‹–Š‡™‘”‹‰†‘ —‡–•‡‡•ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ǣ–Š‹•‹•–‘ƒ••‹‰ –Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ˆ‹”•–Ž›–‘ƒ ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ‡š’‡”–•ǡŽ‡ƒ˜‹‰–Š‡ ™‹–Šƒ•‘”–‘ˆ ‘ˆ‹”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ǡ™Š‹ Š‹ˆ‹–™‡”‡ƒ‡‰ƒǦ –‹˜‡‘’‹‹‘ȋ‘”–Š‡”‡™‡”‡‘”‡•’‘•‡Ȍǡ ‘—Ž†„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†ǡ„›ƒƒ’Ǧ ’‡ƒŽ„›–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•–‘–Š‡ ǤŠ‡“—‡•–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡–‡”•‘ˆƒ’’‡ƒŽ ƒ‰ƒ‹•––Š‡‹•‘”‡ ‘’Ž‡š‹–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ†‡ ‹•‹‘ǡƒ†•‘‹– ™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘™‹–Š‘”‡ƒ––‡–‹‘ƒ–•— Š–‹‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡‡‰—Ǧ Žƒ–‹‘˜‘–‡†„›–Š‡Šƒ•‘–ƒ ‡’–‡†•— Š’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ǥ ƒ•–ǡˆ”‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽ“—ƒ”–‡”•–Š‡‡‡†–‘’”‘˜‹†‡•‘‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ•—’’‘”– –‘–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ™ƒ••–ƒ–‡†ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡–”ƒ•Ǧ Žƒ–‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‘•—Ž–ƒ ›Ǥ‡ ƒ‹ƒ‰‹‡™Šƒ–™‘—Ž†Šƒ’’‡‹ˆ –Š‡–‡š–•ˆ‘”‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–™‡”‡‘–ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž›–”ƒ•Ǧ Žƒ–‡†ƒ††‹†‘– ‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽǤŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡’”‘‘–‡”•ƒ”‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ‹– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ –”—‡ –Šƒ– –Š‹• ‹† ‘ˆ •—’’‘”– ™‘—Ž†„‡ ƒŽŽ‡†ˆ‘”–‘‡•—”‡–Š‡ ‹•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†Ǥ‘•– ‘•–”ƒ‹–•‹ –Š‡  „—†‰‡– ˆ‘” •— Š ƒ •‡”˜‹ ‡ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ƒ† ‹–• ’—„Ž‹  „‡‡ˆ‹–™‘—Ž†‘Ž›„‡ ‘ˆ‹”‡†‹ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹••— ‡••ˆ—ŽǤ•‡Ǧ –‹‘‡† ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘”‡‰‘‹‰   †‘ —‡– ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ •‘‡ •–ƒ†ƒ”† •‡”Ǧ ˜‹ ‡•ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ’”‘‘–‡”• ’ƒ›‹‰ ƒ •‡ —”‹–› †‡’‘•‹– ȋ‘” ƒ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡Ȍǡ ™Š‹ Š ™‘—Ž† ‘Ž› „‡ ”‡ˆ—†‡† ‹ˆ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† ƒ†Š‡•‹‘• ƒ”‡ ”‡ƒ Š‡†ǡ ‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ ™ƒ› –‘ ”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‡ ‡‡†•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡ Dz”ƒˆ– ‘‹••‹‘ –ƒ–‡‡–dz ‡š –‘ –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ’’”‘˜‡† „› –Š‡  ‹ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ •–ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘ ‘•–• —•– „‡ ‘˜‡”‡† „› –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ƒ†–Šƒ–Dz„‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ ‡’–‹‰–Š‡‹ Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ‡™Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡˜‡”•‹‘•‹–Š‡ ”‡‰‹•–‡”ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘™‹ŽŽ Š‡ –Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘ƒ‹ˆ‡•–ƒ†•‹‰Ǧ ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹ ‘•‹•–‡ ‹‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ–‡š–ƒ†–Š‡‡™Ž‹‰—‹•–‹  ˜‡”•‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‹–Ž‡ǡ –Š‡ •—„Œ‡ –Ǧƒ––‡” ƒ† –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•dz ȋ‡š Ǧ

ͳ͵Ͷ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

”ƒˆ–‘‹••‹‘–ƒ–‡‡–ǡ ȌǤ

4.4. Collection of signatures

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡–™‘‡›‹••—‡•‹–Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǣ

ͳሻ ‘™•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†Ǥ ʹሻŠ‡–Š‡›ƒ”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†Ǥ  ͳǤŠ‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ„‡‹‰ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ‘ŽŽ‡ ––Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•‡Ž‡ –”‘‹ ƒŽŽ›‹• ’ƒ”ƒ‘—–Ǥ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡ–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š‡”—ƒŽ‘‰–Š‡•ƒ‡ Ž‹‡•‹—”‰‹‰–Š‡–‘’”‘˜‹†‡†‡†‹ ƒ–‡†•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ǤŠ‹•ƒ•’‡ –‹•“—‹–‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•‡‡†•–‘„‡ •–”‹ –Ž› •ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‡†ǡ ™Š‡–Š‡” ‹ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‘” ‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  ˆ‘”Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ• •‹’Ž‡ ƒ •›•–‡ ƒ• ’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡ “—‡•–‹‘‹‰ ™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡ —„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•”‡“—‹”‡†Šƒ•ƒ –—ƒŽŽ›„‡‡”‡ƒ Š‡†—•–„‡ƒ˜‘‹Ǧ †‡†Ǥ˜‡ƒ•—•’‹ ‹‘ ‹” —Žƒ–‹‰ƒ”‘—†™‘—Ž†„‡‡‘—‰Š–‘•‡”‹‘—•Ž› †‹• ”‡†‹– –Š‡   ‹•–”—‡–Ǥ  –Š‹• ”‡•’‡ –ǡ –Š‡ Ǧƒ’’”‘˜‡† ‡‰—ŽƒǦ –‹‘Šƒ•‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†–Š‡•‡ƒ––‡”•ƒ†Šƒ•‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†–Šƒ–Dz–Š‡‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘ •ŠƒŽŽ •‡– —’ ƒ† –Š‡”‡ƒˆ–‡” ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ‘’‡Ǧ•‘—” ‡ •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ ‹Ǧ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ– –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ƒ† •‡ —”‹–› ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› ˆ‘” ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‹•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•›•–‡•ǤŠ‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ”‡‡‘ˆ Šƒ”‰‡dz ȋ”–Ǥ͸ȂŽ‹‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘•›•–‡•ǡ’ƒ”ƒʹǡ ǤͶሻǤ ‡ ‡ǡ–Š‡™‘””‹‡•ƒ„‘—–‹ Ž—†‹‰ •‹–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”– ȋ„‘–Š‡Ž‡ –”‘‹ ƒ†’ƒ’‡”Ȍ—•–„‡’Žƒ›‡††‘™ǤŠ‡”‹•–Šƒ––Š‹•ƒ•Ǧ ’‡ – ‘—Ž† †‡–‡” ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ •—„• ”‹„‡”• •‡‡• Ž‡•• ‹’‘”–ƒ– –Šƒ –Š‡ ‡‡†–‘‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡–Š‡”‡Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ •ǡƒ˜‘‹†‹‰‡˜‡Œ—•––Š‡•—•Ǧ ’‹ ‹‘–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‡• ‘—Ž†’ƒ”–Ž›Šƒ˜‡„‡‡–ƒ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡–‡Ž‡’Š‘‡ „‘‘Ǥ ƒ•–ǡ–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹‘• ‘ ‡”‹‰•—„• ”‹„‡”†ƒ–ƒ’”‘–‡ –‹‘ƒ”‡ ‘ˆ‘ ‡”‹–ǣƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡›ƒ”‡ ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›•‡•‹–‹˜‡†ƒ–ƒ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡› ƒ‰‹˜‡ ƒ‹•‹‰Š–‹–‘–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ‡ƒ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•—„• ”‹„‡”ǡ’”‘–‡ –‹‘—•–„‡ ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡†„› ‘””‡ –Ž› ‘•‡”˜‹‰–Š‡ƒ†‘–„›ƒ‹‰–Š‡—ƒ•Ǧ ‡”–ƒ‹ƒ„Ž‡ǡƒ•™‘—Ž†„‡–Š‡ ƒ•‡‹ˆ‹–™‡”‡•—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡––‘Œ—•–’”‘˜‹†‡ȋƒ• Šƒ• „‡‡ ’”‘’‘•‡†Ȍ ƒ‡ǡ •—”ƒ‡ ƒ† ƒ††”‡••Ǥ • ‡–‹‘‡† –Š‹• ’”‘˜‹•‹‘™ƒ•‘–‘†‹ˆ‹‡†‹–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡‹‡Ǧ

ͳ͵ͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲƒ†‹–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ–‡š–‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǤͳ͹͸ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–‹•™‘”–Š™Š‹Ž‡‡–‹‘‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡  ƒ”†”‡“—‹”‡‡–•‘ˆ ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•‹‘”†‡”–‘˜‡”‹ˆ›–Š‡ƒ—–Š‡–‹ ‹–›‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•™‘ǯ–„‡ ƒ†ƒ–‘”› †‹ˆˆ‡”‹‰ •‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž› ˆ”‘ ‘—–”› –‘ ‘—–”›Ǥ  ˆƒ – –™‘ †‹•–‹ –ˆ‘”•‘ˆ•–ƒ–‡‡–•‘ˆ•—’’‘”–Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ˆ‘”‡•‡‡ǣ‘‡ˆ‘” ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•™Š‹ Š†‘‘–”‡“—‹”‡–Š‡’”‘˜‹•‹‘‘ˆƒ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹Ǧ ƒ–‹‘ —„‡”Ȁ’‡”•‘ƒŽ ‹†‡–‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ †‘ —‡– —„‡” ƒ† ƒ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘”–Š‡‡„‡”•–ƒ–‡•™Š‹ Š”‡“—‹”‡‹–Ǥ  ʹǤ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡–‹‡’‡”‹‘†‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ƒ„‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ǡ •‡–ƒ––™‡Ž˜‡‘–Š•ǡ‹–Šƒ•–‘„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–‹–Š‹• ƒ•‡–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘‹• ‡š–”‡‡Ž›†‹• ”‡–‹‘ƒŽǤ ‘”†‡”–‘‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡–Š‡•–ƒ”–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹Ǧ •–‹–—–‹‘ǡ‹–™‘—Ž†„‡—•‡ˆ—Ž–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ƒŽ‘‰‡”’‡”‹‘†ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡’‘••‹„‹ŽǦ ‹–› ‘ˆ ”‡†— ‹‰ ‹– †—”‹‰ ”‡˜‹‡™•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› ‡–‹‘‡†ǡ–Š‹• ™ƒ•‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡„‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ ‘ˆƒƒ‰”‡‡‡–ƒ‘‰–Š‡‹–‡”Ǧ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡ƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž––Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ†‘’–‡†„›–Š‡  Šƒ•‘–‡š–‡†‡†–Š‡–‹‡ƒŽŽ‘™‡†ˆ‘”•‹‰ƒ–—”‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘Ǥ

4.5. The final decision

––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǡ–Š‡™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–‘ƒ‡‹–•†‡ ‹•‹‘ǤŠ‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘Œ‡ –”‡“—‹”‡•–Šƒ––Š‡‹••—‡•ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–ǡ™‹–Š‹ˆ‘—” ‘–Š•Ȃ–Š‡”‡†— ‡†–‘–Š”‡‡‹–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡Ȃ ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‰‹–• ‘ Ž—•‹‘•ƒ„‘—––Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†ƒ›ƒ –‹‘–‘„‡–ƒǦ ‡ǤŠ‡ ™‘”‹‰†‘ —‡–‘ˆˆ‡”•ƒ†‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†’”‘’‘•ƒŽ‹Žƒ”‰‡Ž›ƒ Ǧ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡–‡”•ǡ–‘ƒ‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ—’‘ˆ–Š‡  Ž‡ƒ”ƒ†–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–ǡ ‡˜‡‹ˆ–Š‡†‡ ‹†‡•–‘‘–‰‘ƒŠ‡ƒ†™‹–Š–Š‡ Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡  ƒ„‡ Š‡ ‡†ǡˆ‘” ‹‰ –Š‡–‘‡‡–˜ƒ”‹‘—•†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•ȋƒ•†‘‡•–Š‡ †‘ —‡–Ȍǡ–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ †‡ ‹•‹‘”‡•–•‡š Ž—•‹˜‡Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ†–Šƒ–ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡”‡ƒ–›ǡ

 ͳ͹͸‡‡”–ǤͳʹDz”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ†ƒ–ƒdzǡ’ƒ”ƒͳ‘ˆ–Š‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘Ǥ ʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡ op. cit.ǣ DzͳǤ  ’”‘ ‡••‹‰ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ ’—”•—ƒ– –‘ –Š‹• ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ‘ˆ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘’‡–‡– ƒ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡ •ŠƒŽŽ ‘’Ž› ™‹–Š ‹”‡ –‹˜‡ ͻͷȀͶ͸Ȁ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘• ƒ†‘’–‡† ’—”•—ƒ– –Š‡”‡–‘dzǤ

ͳ͵͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‘—Ž†‘–„‡‘–Š‡”™‹•‡Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ –Š‡  ‹• —†‡” ‘ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘ ™Šƒ–•‘‡˜‡” –‘ ’”‡•‡–ƒ’”‘’‘•ƒŽˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ Ǥͳ͹͹Š‹•‹•„ƒ•‡†‘ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒŽ‹–‡”Ǧ ’”‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”–Ǥͳͳȋ™Š‡”‡‹–•’‡ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡Dz‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‘ˆ‹˜‹–‹‰–Š‡ǡ ™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ‹–•’‘™‡”•ǡ–‘•—„‹–ƒ›ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ ‘ ƒ––‡”• ™Š‡”‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ‘•‹†‡” –Šƒ– ƒ Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ – ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹‘ ‹• ”‡Ǧ “—‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•dzȌƒ†ƒ•›•–‡ƒ–‹  ‹–‡”’”‡–ƒ–‹‘”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘–Š‡•ƒ‡’‘™‡”‘ˆ‹˜‹–‹‰–‘ƒ‡ƒ’”‘’‘•Ǧ ƒŽƒŽ”‡ƒ†›‰”ƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹ŽǤ •ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ–Š‡Šƒ•–Š‡‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘–‘‘–‹˜ƒ–‡‹–•†‡ ‹•‹‘ƒ†–Š‹• ƒŽŽ‘™•ƒŒ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ ‘–”‘Ž‹ˆ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‹ŽŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡†‡ ‹•‹‘ȋ‡˜‡™Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–‹‰ˆ”‘ƒ‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ‹Ž‹‰Ȍƒ†ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ Š‡ ǡ„‘–Š„›‹•–‹Ǧ –—–‹‘•ȋ–Š‡ǡ–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•Ȍƒ†„›’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹Ǧ ‹‘ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ†•‘ ‹ƒŽ‰”‘—’•ǡ‡– Ǥ ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ˆ‘”•‘ˆƒ –‹‘ǡ–Š‡Œ—†‹ ‹ƒŽ Š‡  ƒƒ‡ —•‡‘ˆ‘”†‹ƒ”›’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ǡͳ͹ͺȋ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”‘•–ƒ–‡†”‡ƒ•‘•Ȍǡ‘”‹Ǧ •—•‡‘ˆ’‘™‡”•‘”‹ˆ”‹‰‡‡–‘ˆ‰‡‡”ƒŽ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•Ǥ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Šƒ– –Š‹•‹•ƒ•–”‹ –Ž›’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ Š‘‹ ‡ǡ‹–‹•—Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ––Š‡  ƒ‹–‡”˜‡‡ ƒ†ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡ǯ•†‹• ”‡–‹‘ƒŽ’‘™‡”•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒ–‘–ƒŽ”‡Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆƒ  †—‡–‘’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‹••‡–•‡‡•—Ž‹‡Ž›„‡ ƒ—•‡ǡ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ‹–™‘—Ž† „‡˜‡”›†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž–ˆ‘”–Š‡–‘†‡ ‹†‡‘––‘‰‘ƒŠ‡ƒ†™‹–Šƒˆ‘”ƒŽŽ›ƒ†Ǧ ‹••‹„Ž‡”‡“—‡•–ǡƒ• ƒ„‡•‡‡ˆ”‘’”‡˜‹‘—• ƒ•‡•”‡ˆ‡””‹‰–‘ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ‡š‹•–‹‰‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘•–‘ƒ‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ǥͳ͹ͻ Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲŠƒ•ˆ‹‡Ǧ–—‡† –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ „› –Š‡‘Ǧ ‹••‹‘ǡƒ• ƒ„‡•‡‡‹”–ͳͲ‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‹†‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘™Š‹ Š•–ƒ–‡•ƒ• ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ  ͳ͹͹‡‡Ǥ‡ƒ”›ǡDz‡ˆ ‘˜‹ –”‡••‡•‹‰Š––‘‡ˆ—•‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡEuropoliticsǡ ͺ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ‹ˆ‘Ȁ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ȁ•‡ˆ ‘˜‹ Ǧ•–”‡••‡•Ǧ”‹‰Š–Ǧ–‘Ǧ ”‡ˆ—•‡Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǧƒ”–ʹͺͻ͵ͻ͸Ǧ͵͵ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳ͹ͺ –Š‹•”‡•’‡ –ǡƒŽ•‘ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡ ǯ•ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ•‡‡ ‰”ƒ˜ƒŽŽ‘™Š‘ǡƒ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘–Š‡•’‡‡ Š„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ„—†•ƒǡ”‡ˆ‡”•–‘–Š‡’”‘ ‡‡†‹‰•‘ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡–‘ƒ – ȋ”–Ǥʹ͸ͷ Ȍƒ†–‘–Š‡ƒ –‹‘ˆ‘”ƒ—Ž‡–ȋ”–Ǥʹ͸͵ ȌǢ•‡‡ ‰”ƒ˜ƒŽŽ‘ǡop. citǤǡ ’ǤʹͷͺǤ ͳ͹ͻ‡‡Ǥ‘œƒ‘ǡDz–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǣ–Š‡‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡dzǡop. cit.ƒ††”‡ƒ•—‡”ǡ“European Citizens’ Initiative”ǡop. cit.ǡ’’Ǥͺ͵ǦͺͶǤ

ͳ͵͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

˹DzͳǤŠ‡”‡–Š‡‘‹••‹‘”‡ ‡‹˜‡•ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ሾǥሿ‹ƒ ‘”Ǧ †ƒ ‡™‹–Š”–‹ Ž‡ͻ‹–•ŠƒŽŽǣ ȋƒȌ ’—„Ž‹•Š–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹–Š‘—–†‡Žƒ›‘‹–•™‡„Ǧ •‹–‡Ǣ ȋ„Ȍ receive the organisers at an appropriate level to allow them to explain in detail the matters raised by the citizens’ initiative; ȋ Ȍ ™‹–Š‹three monthsǡ•‡–‘—–‹ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘‹–•legal and political ‘ Ž—•‹‘•‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ Ǧ –‹‘‹–‹–‡†•–‘–ƒ‡ǡ‹ˆƒ›ǡƒ†‹–•”‡ƒ•‘•ˆ‘”taking or not taking that actionǤ

˹ʹǤŠ‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹’‘‹–ሺ ሻ‘ˆ’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͳ•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ‘–‹ˆ‹‡†–‘–Š‡organisersƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ† –Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹ dzǤͳͺͲ

–ƒŽ•‘‹–”‘†— ‡•ƒ‡™ƒ”–‹ Ž‡ǡƒ‡Ž›ǡ”–Ǥͳͳሺ•‡‡„‡Ž‘™ሻ™Š‹ Š”‡ˆ‡”• –‘ƒƒ†ƒ–‘”›’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ƒ––Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǡƒ•”‡“—‡•–‡† „›–Š‡ƒ†„›‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›Ǥ  ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͳ —„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ Š‡”‡ –Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•‘ˆ ’‘‹–• ȋƒȌ ƒ†ȋ„Ȍ ‘ˆ ”–‹ Ž‡ ͳͲ ƒ”‡ ˆ—ŽǦ ˆ‹Ž‡†ǡƒ†™‹–Š‹–Š‡†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡Žƒ‹††‘™‹’‘‹–ȋ Ȍ‘ˆ”–‹ Ž‡ͳͲǡ –Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”••ŠƒŽŽ„‡‰‹˜‡–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘’”‡•‡––Š‡ ‹–‹Ǧ

 ͳͺͲ’’”‘˜‡†ƒ‡†‡–•ƒ”‡ƒ”‡†‹„‘Ž†ƒ†‹–ƒŽ‹ –›’‡Ǥ‡‡–Š‡ˆ‹ƒŽ–‡š–‘ˆ ”–ǤͳͲDz”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡„›–Š‡‘‹••‹‘dz‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡop. cit.ǣ ͳǤŠ‡”‡–Š‡‘‹••‹‘”‡ ‡‹˜‡•ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š”–‹ Ž‡ͻ ȏDz—„‹••‹‘‘ˆƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡–‘–Š‡‘‹••‹‘dzȐ‹–•ŠƒŽŽǣ ȋƒȌ’—„Ž‹•Š–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹–Š‘—–†‡Žƒ›‹–Š‡”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǣ ȋ„Ȍ”‡ ‡‹˜‡–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”•ƒ–ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‡Ž–‘ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡–‘‡š’Žƒ‹‹†‡–ƒ‹Ž –Š‡ƒ––‡”•”ƒ‹•‡†„›–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǣ ȋ Ȍ ™‹–Š‹ –Š”‡‡ ‘–Š•ǡ •‡– ‘—– ‹ ƒ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹–• Ž‡‰ƒŽ ƒ† ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‘ Ž—•‹‘•‘–Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‹–‹–‡†•–‘–ƒ‡ǡ‹ˆƒ›ǡƒ†‹–•”‡ƒ•‘• ˆ‘”–ƒ‹‰‘”‘––ƒ‹‰–Šƒ–ƒ –‹‘Ǥ ʹǤŠ‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‹’ƒ”ƒ‰”ƒ’Šͳȋ Ȍ•ŠƒŽŽ„‡‘–‹ˆ‹‡†–‘–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ†–Š‡‘— ‹Žƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡’—„Ž‹ Ǥ

ͳ͵ͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

œ‡•ǯ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ–ƒ’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰ǤŠ‡‘‹••‹‘ƒ†–Š‡—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ŠƒŽŽ‡•—”‡–Šƒ––Š‹•Š‡ƒ”‹‰‹•‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†ƒ––Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǡ‹ˆƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š•— Š‘–Š‡”‹Ǧ •–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†„‘†‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘ƒ•ƒ›™‹•Š–‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ǡƒ† –Šƒ––Š‡‘‹••‹‘‹•”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ–ƒƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž‡˜‡ŽǤͳͺͳ

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Šƒ•–‘–Š‡ ǡˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‹‡‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǡ ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–—„‡”‘ˆ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡ ƒ‹–‡”˜‡‡ˆ‘” •–‹—Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ’—––‹‰ˆ‘”™ƒ”†Ž‡‰Ǧ ‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•–‘–Š‡™Š‹ Šˆ‘”’ƒ”–‘ˆ‹–•ƒ––”‹„—–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡’ƒ–Šˆ‘””‡ƒ Š‹‰–Š‹•‰‘ƒŽ• Š‡†—Ž‡•–Šƒ–ǡ‹ʹͲͳʹǡ–Š‡Žƒ™•ƒǦ ‹‰–Š‹•‡™–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘–‘‘Ž‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡™‹ŽŽ ‘‡‹–‘ˆ‘” ‡Ǥͳͺʹ Š‡   ‘—Ž† ‘’‡ ‡™ •’ƒ ‡•ǡ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› ˆ‘” ƒ –‹˜ƒ–‹‰ ƒ —”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒ’—„Ž‹ •’Š‡”‡ƒ†ˆ‘”‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆƒ ‘‘—Ǧ ”‘’‡ƒ•’ƒ ‡ˆ‘” ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–•–‡’–‘™ƒ”†•—”‘’‡ƒ’‘’—ŽƒǦ –‹‘•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰–Šƒ––Š‡›ƒŽŽˆ‘”’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡ ‘—‹–›Ǥ –Š‡‡†‹—–‡”ǡ–Š‡  ‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ— –‹‘ˆ‘”‹Ǧ †‹”‡ –Ž›•–‹—Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡ǡƒ††‹”‡ –Ž›•–‹—Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡™Š‹ Š‹–ƒ†Ǧ †”‡••‡•ǡ‘ˆˆ‡”‹‰‹–•‡Žˆƒ•–Š‡†”‹˜‹‰ˆ‘” ‡ˆ‘”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹Ǧ ˆŽ—‡ ‹‰–Š‡ǯ•’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽƒ‰‡†ƒǤ

5.1. Limitations and critical aspects

‘•‹†‡”‹‰ –Š‡ –‡ Š‹ ƒŽǡ Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ Ž‘‰‹•–‹  ƒ† ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ „ƒ””‹‡”• ƒ†–Š‡ ‘•–•‹ —””‡†„›–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ‘‡ –‡†–‘’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ƒ††‹Ǧ ˜—Ž‰‹‰ƒ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ž‹‡–Š‡ ƒ ”‘••—”‘’‡ǡ— ŠŽƒ”‰‡”ƒ†‘”‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰–Šƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ–Š‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–‘ˆƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒǦ

 ͳͺͳ‡‡–Š‡•ƒ‡–‡š–‹”–ǤͳͳDz—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰dz‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ǤʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳǡ op. citǤ ͳͺʹ ‘”ƒ–ƒ„—Žƒ”†‹•’Žƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ–Š‡  •‡‡ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡ Ǥ ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’”‡Ž‡šȀ†‡–ƒ‹Ž̴†‘••‹‡”̴”‡ƒŽǤ ˆǫᇐƬ‘• †αͳͻͻͳ͸ͻ͓ͶͲͶͷ͸ͺǤ

ͳ͵ͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

–—”‡•ሺ ‘””‡•’‘†‹‰–‘ͲǤʹ’‡” ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ž‡ –‘”ƒ–‡ሻ‹•ƒŠ‹‰Š‡”–Š”‡Ǧ •Š‘Ž†–ŠƒƒŽŽ–Š‘•‡ˆ‘—†‹–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡƒ†ˆ‘”–Š‹•”‡ƒ•‘†‹•Ǧ ’—–‡† „› ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ” Š‹–‡ –• ‘ˆ †‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǧ ‡–‹–Š‡Ǥ  ˆ‹”•– Ž‡ƒ” Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ǡ †‡”‹˜‹‰ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Š›„”‹† ‹•–‹–—Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽ •–”— –—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ƒ† ƒŽ•‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Žƒ  ‘ˆ †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǡ‹•–Š‡ ’”‡•‡–‹‰ ƒ† •—„‹––‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡   –‘ –Š‡  ‹•–‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –‘ –Š‡  ȋ™Š‹ Šǡ‹•–‡ƒ†ǡ”‡ ‡‹˜‡•–Š‡’‡–‹–‹‘•ˆ”‘—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǣDzƒ› ‹–‹Ǧ œ‡‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ƒ†ƒ›ƒ–—”ƒŽ‘”Ž‡‰ƒŽ’‡”•‘”‡•‹†‹‰‘” Šƒ˜‹‰‹–•”‡‰‹•–‡”‡†‘ˆˆ‹ ‡‹ƒ‡„‡”–ƒ–‡Šƒ˜‡ȏǤǤǤȐ–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘ƒ†Ǧ †”‡••ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–dzǡ”–Ǥʹʹ͹ ȌǤŠ‡‹•ƒ —‹“—‡’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ǡ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ™Š‹ ŠˆƒŽŽ•–‘–Š‡ ™‹–Š–Š‡‡š ‡’–‹‘‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰’‘Ž‹ ›ǡ†‡ˆ‡ ‡ƒ†ƒˆ‡™‘–Š‡”’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ ™Š‹ Šƒ”‡‹–‡”‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽǤ –‘Ž›Šƒ•–Š‡’‘™‡”–‘’”‘’‘•‡ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ ƒ— Š„”‘ƒ†‡”„—–•–‹ŽŽŽ‹‹–‡†’‘™‡”‘ˆ ‘Ǧ†‡ ‹•‹‘Ȃ•‡˜‡”ƒŽƒ”‡ƒ• •— Šƒ•ˆ‘”‡‹‰’‘Ž‹ ›ƒ††‡ˆ‡ ‡ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ‡š Ž—†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‘”†‹ƒ”› Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ†–Š‹•‹•–”—‡‹•’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ –‹–•”‡‹–™ƒ•‡šǦ –‡†‡†„›–Š‡‹•„‘ ”‡ƒ–›Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡‹– ƒ‘–†‹”‡ –Ž›‘‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡  ȋ™Š‹ Š –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘— ‹Ž †‘‡•Ȍ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‹– ‘™ Š‘Ž†• –Š‡ ’‘™‡”–‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡‹–ƒ†‹–•ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ‹•‡‡†‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡–‘„‡ƒ’Ǧ ’‘‹–‡†ǤŠ‡”‡•‹†‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‹• —””‡–Ž›ƒ’’‘‹–‡†Dz–ƒ‹‰‹–‘ƒ Ǧ ‘—– –Š‡ ‡Ž‡ –‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡– ƒ† ƒˆ–‡” Šƒ˜‹‰Š‡Ž† –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•dz ȋ”–•Ǥ ͳ͹Ǥ͹ ƒ† ͺȌǤ  ƒŽŽ –Š‡ †‘ƒ‹• ™Š‡”‡–Š‡Šƒ•‘Ž›ƒ ‘•—Ž–‹‰”‘Ž‡ƒ†‘–ƒ ‘Ǧ†‡ ‹•‹‘”‘Ž‡ǡ–Š‡ •–‹ŽŽ•—ˆˆ‡”•ˆ”‘ƒ†‡ˆ‹ ‹–‘ˆ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›Ǥ ‡ ‘†ǡ –Š‡ ǡ ™Š‹ Š Š‘Ž†• –Š‡ ‘‘’‘Ž› ‘ Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ ƒ† ‹• –Š‡ ‡š‡ —–‹˜‡ ƒ† –‡ Š‹ ƒŽ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ „‘†› ‘ˆ –Š‡  ȋƒŽǦ –Š‘—‰Š•—„Œ‡ ––‘ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ„›–Š‡ˆ‘”‡–‡”‹‰‹‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ƒ†‘–Š‡ „ƒ•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ”‘–Š‡Žƒ–‡•–—”‘’‡ƒ‡Ž‡ –‹‘•Ȍǡ‹•‘–‘„Ž‹‰‡†–‘ ‰‹˜‡–Š‡‰‘ǦƒŠ‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡ Ǥ

5.2. Opportunities and potential impact on European institutions and civil society

ƒ˜‹‰ƒ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡†–Š‹••‹–—ƒ–‹‘ƒ††‡•’‹–‡–Š‡•‡ ‘•–”‹ –‹‘•ǡ‹–‹• ‡“—ƒŽŽ›–”—‡–Šƒ––Š‡”—Ž‡•ǡ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ†‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒŠƒ˜‡‹Ǧ

ͳͶͲ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

–‡”‡•–‹‰”‡’‡” —••‹‘•ƒ–˜ƒ”‹‘—•Ž‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ ‹”•–‘ˆƒŽŽǡ™‹–Š‹–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‹–‘’‡•‘’’‘”–—‹Ǧ –‹‡•ˆ‘” ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹’‡–—•„›–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡•Ȃ Ž‹‡–Š‘•‡–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›„‡‹‰‘–‡†™Š‹Ž‡–Š‡ •ƒ”‡•–‹ŽŽ•›„‘Ž‹  „—–†‹”‡ –Ž›‘”‰ƒ‹•‡†„›—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒ†„›–Š‡‹”Ž‡ƒ†‹‰ ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ †–Š‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›™Š‹ Š ƒ‡’Ž‘›ƒ‡™–‘‘Ž ƒ†ǡ‘”‡‹‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ‹–‡”•‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹‹‘ƒ†–Š‡ƒ••‡†‹ƒǤ –—•–‘‡–Š‡Ž‡••„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•–”‘‰”‹•‘ˆ–Š‡  ”‡ƒ‹‹‰„Ž‘ ‡†„›— Ž‡ƒ”‘˜‡”Ǧ•‘’Š‹•–‹ ƒ–‡†ƒ††‡ƒ†‹‰’”‘ ‡Ǧ †—”‡• ƒ† ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ ”—Ž‡•ǡ ƒ‹‰ ‹– †‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž– –‘ ‹’Ž‡‡– ƒ† ƒ—•‹‰†‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‡–ƒ†Ž‘™‹–‡”‡•–‹–Š‹•–‘‘Žǡ•‡–‹‡–•™Š‹ Š ™‘—Ž†„‡ƒ ‘’ƒ‹‡†„›†‹•–”—•–ƒ†Š‘•–‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡ƒ†–Š‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–Šƒ–ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›•—ˆˆ‡”ˆ”‘Ž‘™’”‡•–‹‰‡Ǥ ƒ› ƒ•‡ǡ•‹‹Žƒ” ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ–”‹‡†ƒ–ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ‡˜‡Ž‹–Š‡’ƒ•–ǡƒ’ƒ”–ˆ”‘‹–Š‘•‡ ‘—Ǧ –”‹‡•™Š‡”‡ƒ —Ž–—”‡‘ˆ†‹”‡ –’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›‹•ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›™‡ŽŽ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†ǡ†‘‘–•‡‡–‘„‡’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›ƒ’’‡ƒŽ‹‰‘”Šƒ˜‡ƒ‹ ‹•‹˜‡ ‡ˆˆ‡ –Ǥ ’ƒ”– ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•  • •–ƒ”–‡† ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ› ‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹•–”—Ǧ ‡– „› ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ’”‘’‘•‡”• ƒ† „ƒ•‡† ‘ ˜‡”› †‹ˆˆ‡”‹‰ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ• ™‡”‡”‡ˆ‡””‡†–‘‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ–Š‡ –‘‘Ž‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡‹•„‘”‡ƒ–›‹• ƒ‡™‹†‡ƒ–‘„‡ˆ—ŽŽ›‡š’Ž‘”‡†ǡˆ”‘™Š‹ Š‡š ‡••‹˜‡ Žƒ‹••Š‘—Ž†‘– „‡‡š’‡ –‡†ǤŠ‡ —””‡–•‹–—ƒ–‹‘‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰ƒ’ƒ–Š›ǡ ‹†‹ˆˆ‡”‡ ‡ƒ†‡˜‡”‡Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹–•‹•–‹Ǧ –—–‹‘•ǡ ”‡ ‘”†‡† •‡˜‡”ƒŽ –‹‡• ‹ ”‡ ‡– ›‡ƒ”• „› –Š‡ —”‘„ƒ”‘‡–‡” ƒ† ‘ˆ‹”‡† „› ‡‡”‰‡– ‡—”‘Ǧ• ‡’–‹ ƒŽ ƒ† ƒ–‹Ǧ—”‘’‡ƒ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‘˜‡‡–•ǡ Šƒ• ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ ’‘‘” ƒ––‡–‹‘ ƒ† ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒǦ –‹‘„› ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ–‡Ž‡ –‹‘•ƒ†‹–Š‡’—„Ž‹ †‡„ƒ–‡ǤŠ‡•‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘—”• •‡‡–‘Šƒ˜‡„‡‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‡†‘–Œ—•–„›Žƒ ‘ˆ—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘”‹–‡”Ǧ ‡•–ǡ„—–„›ƒ’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ’‘Ž‹–‹ •‹ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–˜‡‹ǡ—”–—”‡†„›–Š‡ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘–Šƒ–’‡”‡ƒ–‡•ƒŽŽ—”‘’‡ƒ†ǡ–‘ƒ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”‡š–‡–ǡ –Š‡ ƒ•• ‡†‹ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‡š Šƒ‰‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‡„‡” –ƒ–‡•ǤŠ‡ —”‘’‡ƒ‡Ž‡ –‹‘•–Š—• ‘ˆ‹”–Š‡‹”ƒ‹ ‘‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„‡‹‰Dz•‡ Ǧ ‘†ƒ”›dzǡƒ –‹‰’—”‡Ž›ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•ˆ‘”˜‡”‹ˆ›‹‰–Š‡„ƒŽƒ ‡•‘ˆ†‘‡•–‹  ’‘™‡”ǡ’‘••‹„Ž›’—‹–‹˜‡‘”„”‹‰‹‰‡™’Žƒ›‡”•–‘Ž‹‰Š–ǡ•‘–Šƒ–“—‡•Ǧ –‹‘•‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡ƒ”‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘ ‘‡–‘–Š‡•—”ˆƒ ‡Ǥ ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡•‡’”‘„Ž‡•ƒ†–Š‡Š‡ƒ˜›— ‡”–ƒ‹–‹‡•ƒ„‘—––Š‡’”‘ ‡Ǧ

ͳͶͳ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

†—”ƒŽƒ•’‡ –•ƒ†–Š‡”‡•–”‹ –‹‘•–Šƒ– ‘—Ž†—†‡”‹‡–Š‡ ǡ–Š‡’‘Ǧ –‡–‹ƒŽ‹–Š‹•‹‘˜ƒ–‹‘•Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡—†‡”‡•–‹ƒ–‡†„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡  ƒ•–‹ŽŽǣ

˹Š‡Ž’’”‘‘–‡ƒ–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ†‡„ƒ–‡ƒ†‡†— ƒ–‡ƒ„‘—– ‹˜Ǧ ‹ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š‹–Š‡Ǣ ˹ƒˆˆ‡ ––Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†‹ˆŽ—‡ ‡–Š‡ǡ•–‹—Žƒ–Ǧ ‹‰–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ǡ‹†‹”‡ –Ž›ƒ†ˆ‘”‰—ƒ”ƒǦ –‡‡‹‰‹’‘”–ƒ–‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ„”‹‰ƒ„‘—–‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡ˆ‘”•ǡ†‡Ǧ •’‹–‡–Š‡ˆƒ ––Šƒ––Š‡  ƒ‘Ž›‹–‡”˜‡‡™‹–Š’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•”‡‰ƒ”†Ǧ ‹‰–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆƒ––”‹„—–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ†ƒ‹‡†ƒ–‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰–”‡ƒǦ –‹‡•Ǣ ˹ Š‡ ‘–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”ǡ–Š‡‡˜‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ’‘Ž‹Ǧ ‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†‘–„‡ ‘‡ƒ–‘‘Ž‘Ž›ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡–‘ƒŒ‘”‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘• ‘”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’ƒ”–‹‡•ǡ„—–•Š‘—Ž†„‡™‹–Š‹”‡ƒ Š‘ˆ‰”‘—’•‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•’”‡Ǧ ’ƒ”‡†–‘—‹–‡ˆ‘”’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰ƒ†‹–‡”ƒ –‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹•–‹Ǧ –—–‹‘•ǤŽ‡ƒ”ǡ•‹’Ž‡ƒ†–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–”—Ž‡•ƒ†ƒ––‡–‹‘–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ –Š‡’‡” ‡’–‹‘ƒ†ƒ –—ƒŽ”‡ƒŽ‹•‹‰‘ˆƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡”‹ Ž—•‹‘‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ƒ†‡š Šƒ‰‡ ‘—Ž†’‡”‹–ƒ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡”‡Ǧ‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆ –”—•–ƒ† ‘•‡•—•ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ƒ†‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹‹–•‡Žˆ‹•‘–ƒ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‘ˆ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡”—Ž‡•ƒ••—”‹‰ –”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ǡ†‡‘ ”ƒ ›ƒ†‹ Ž—•‹‘ˆ‘”ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰‡’‘™‡”‡–ƒ– ˜ƒ”‹‘—•Ž‡˜‡Ž••Š‘—Ž†Š‡Ž’–‘Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡ƒ†–‘ Šƒ‡Ž‘’–‹‘•‹–Š‡—Ǧ ”‘’‡ƒƒ†’—„Ž‹ †‡„ƒ–‡‹’‘”–ƒ––‘–Š‡Ž‹˜‡•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡‡ˆǦ ˆ‡ –‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡–‘‘Ž‹•‡“—ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ–„‡ ƒ—•‡‘–Š‡”™‹•‡‹– ‘—Ž† •‘‘„‡ƒ„ƒ†‘‡†‘”•‹’Ž›„‡ ‘‡ƒ‡‰ƒǦ’‡–‹–‹‘™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›‘—–Ǧ Ž‡–•Ǥ’ƒ”–ˆ”‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰–Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ–Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡ ‘ ‡‹˜‡†ƒ• ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‘ ƒ•‹‘ ˆ‘” „”‘ƒ†‡‹‰ †‡„ƒ–‡ǡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ “—ƒŽ‹–› ‘ˆ ’‘Ž‹–‹ •ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‡ƒ ‘‘—”‘’‡ƒŠ‘‡‘ˆ‰”‡ƒ–‡”–”—•–ǤŽŽ–Š‹• ™‹ŽŽ †‡’‡† ‘ –Š‡ ƒ––‹–—†‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ƒ† –Š‡ •’‹”‹– –Šƒ– ƒ‹ƒ–‡•–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ†‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‹•–‘‘Žˆ‘”’‘’—Žƒ”‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡ǡ–Š‡‘Ž›•—”˜‹˜‘”ˆ”‘–Š‡”‡ˆ‡”‡†—’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ƒ††‹”‡ –ǡ’ƒ”–‹Ǧ ‹’ƒ–‘”›†‡‘ ”ƒ ›’”‘‘–‡†™‹–Š‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‘˜‡–‹‘‘–Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡‘ˆ—”‘’‡ሺʹͲͲʹǦʹͲͲ͵ሻǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–‘ƒ˜‘‹†‹–Š‹• —””‡–•‹–—ƒ–‹‘–Š‡”‹•‘ˆˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘‘”

ͳͶʹ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

‘ˆ‹’”ƒ –‹ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡ–Š‡•Š‘—Ž†’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ––ƒ• ‘ˆƒ –‹‰ƒ•–Š‡‰—ƒ”†‹ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ†•—’’‘”–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‡ǡ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‰ ™‹–Š –Š‡   ƒ† ’‘••‹„Ž› ƒ„•‘”„‹‰ ‹–• •—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ƒ† ‹†‡ƒ•™Š‡”‡–Š‡•‡ƒ”‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘‰‡––‘–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ǤŠ‡—•‡ ‘ˆ”–Ǥʹʹͷ ™‘—Ž†„‡‡••‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘” ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ†—ƒŽ Šƒ‡Ž–‘™ƒ”†• ƒ Š‹‡˜‹‰ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž› ™‡ŽŽǦƒ ‡’–‡†   ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ Ǥ Ž•‘ǡ–Š‡ƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–•ǡƒ’ƒ”–ˆ”‘‘‹–‘”‹‰ ‘’Ž‹ƒ ‡™‹–Š•—„•‹†‹ƒ”‹–›ǡ ‘—Ž†„‡•–‹—Žƒ–‡†–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š–Š‡‹••—‡•”ƒ‹•‡†ǡŽ‘‘ˆ—”–Š‡”‹–‘ƒ† †‡„ƒ–‡–Š‡Ǥ

5.3. Some technical, political and financial proposals

˹ ˆ–Š‡‹•‘––‘„‡ ‘‡—’‘’—Žƒ”ǡ‹–•Š‘—Ž†ƒ “—‹”‡ƒ‘”‡‘’‡ ƒ† ”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ––‹–—†‡ǡ–ƒ‹‰‘˜‡”–Š‡ˆ— –‹‘‹‰ƒ†•—’’‘”–‘ˆ–Š‡ –‡ Š‹ ƒŽǡŽ‘‰‹•–‹ ƒŽƒ†ƒŽ•‘ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ•‹†‡ሺƒ›”‡ˆ—†•ሻǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ• •‡––‹‰—’ƒ—’†ƒ–‡†ƒ†‡ƒ•‹Ž›—•‡†™‡„•‹–‡™Š‡”‡ƒŽŽ–Š‡ •ƒ”‡ ”‡‰‹•–‡”‡†ƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘’”‘˜‹†‡†ƒ•’‡”–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ƒ’’”‘˜‡† „›–Š‡‹‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǤŽŽ–Š‹•™‘—Ž††”ƒ™ ‹–‹œ‡• Ž‘•‡”–‘ –Š‹• –‘‘Ž ˆ‘” ™Š‹ Š ƒ ‡Ž‡ –”‘‹  •‹‰ƒ–—”‡ •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ’‡”‹––‡†ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ˆ‘”ˆƒ˜‘—”‹‰†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ƒ†‡š Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹†‡ƒ•ǡ ƒ†ˆ‘”ƒ‹‰–Š‡ƒ –‹‘‘”‡ˆŽ—‹†ǡ–Š‡‘•–˜‡”•ƒ–‹Ž‡ƒ†ƒ’’”‘Ǧ ’”‹ƒ–‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ሺ ሻ•Š‘—Ž†„‡•—’’‘”–‡†Ǥ

˹•ƒƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹˜‡–‘ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ”‡ˆ—†• Šƒ”‰‡†–‘–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ǡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡ሺ‘–Œ—•–ˆ‘”–Š‡  ‘‹––‡‡•„—– ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›ˆ‘”–Š‡ •–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡•‹‹Žƒ” Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‹•–‹ •™‹–Š†‡‘Ǧ ”ƒ–‹ ’”‹ ‹’Ž‡•ƒ†–Š‡”‡•’‡ –‘ˆ–Š‡”‹‰Š–•‘ˆŠ—ƒ•ƒ†‹‘”‹Ǧ –‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ሻ–‘ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ˜‘— Š‡”•–‘ƒŽǦ Ž‘ ƒ–‡‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ Š‘‹ ‡•ǡ”‡˜‹˜‹‰–‘•‘‡‡š–‡––Š‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•„›Š‹Ž‹’’‡Ǥ Š‹––‡”‘Š‘™–‘†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•‡–Š‡ǡͳͺ͵ ƒ†‘Š‘™–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒƒ –‹˜‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ǥ

˹Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‰‘ˆƒ‰‡ ›ˆ‘”–Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡†„›–Š‡ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ˆ‘” –Š‡   •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘‰‡–Š‡” ™‹–Šǡ ƒ† ’‘••‹„Ž› ‡”‰‡†

 ͳͺ͵ǤǤ Š‹––‡”ǡHow to Democratize the European Union - and Why Bother?ǡƒŠƒǡ †Ǥǡ‘™ƒƬ‹––Ž‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡʹͲͲͲǤ

ͳͶ͵ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

™‹–Šǡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† —”‘’‡ƒ „•‡”˜ƒ–‘”› ˆ‘” ‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ† ’‹Ǧ ‹‘ͳͺͶˆ‘” ‘†— –‹‰•–—†‹‡•‘’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹‹‘ƒ†‘–Š‡™‘”Ž†‘ˆ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ‘–Š‡‡–Š‘†•ˆ‘” ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ•—”˜‡›•ƒ† ‹˜‹ ‹Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ •’”‡ƒ†‹‰ ƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ƒ† †‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ ‹ ‘–ƒ – ™‹–Š –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†‘ˆ• ‹‡ ‡ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–›ǡƒ†Žƒ•–ǡ•—’’‘”–‹‰–Š‡ Ǥ

˹‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡†‡ ‹•‹‘•–ƒ‡„›–Š‡ǡ‹–‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽ–Šƒ–ƒƒ’’‡ƒŽ ‹•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘–Š‡ ƒ†ǡ’‘••‹„Ž›ǡ–‘–Š‡„—†•ƒǡͳͺͷ•‹ ‡‹–‹• ‹ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡–Šƒ–‹–•ƒ –‹‘‹•‘– ‘–”‘ŽŽ‡†ƒ†˜‡”‹ˆ‹‡†Ǥ

5.4. Risks and Perspectives: Euroscepticism, protection of public services, common goods and environment and democratisation of the EU

Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› ”‹•• ‘ˆ ‘–”ƒ•–• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡  „‘†‹‡• ƒ† „‡Ǧ –™‡‡–Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—• •ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆƒ’‘••‹„Ž‡Dz–›”ƒ›‘ˆ Ž‘„„‹‡•dzǡ ™‡ŽŽ •–”— –—”‡† ƒ† ™‹–Š ‘•‹†‡”ƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ ƒ”‘—†–Š‹• ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ǡͳͺ͸‘”•— Šƒ•–Š‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ ‡‘ˆ‹–•ƒ”‰‹ƒŽ‹–›

 ͳͺͶǤ ‘— Š‡”,Dz ˆ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ˜‡ƒ‘‹ ‡ǡŠ‘ǯ•‹•–‡‹‰ǫ‡••‘•ˆ”‘‡ ‡– ‹–‹œ‡‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘š’‡”‹‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘dzȋ‘–”‡—”‘’‡ǡ‘”‹‰ƒǦ ’‡”ǡ ‘Ǥ ʹͶȌǡ —‡ ʹͲͲͻǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡’•Ǥ‡—Ȁ„‘‘Ȁ‹ˆǦ ‹–‹œ‡•ǦŠƒ˜‡Ǧ˜‘‹ ‡Ǧ™Š‘•ǦŽ‹•–‡‹‰Ǧ Ž‡••‘•Ǧ”‡ ‡–Ǧ ‹–‹œ‡Ǧ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘Ǧ‡š’‡”‹‡–•Ǧ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦǢ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ ‡’•Ǥ‡—Ȁ ‡’•Ȁ †‘™Ž‘ƒ†Ȁͳ͸͹ͻǤ ͳͺͷǡDz”‡••‡Ž‡ƒ•‡ǡ•‹• —••‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡™‹–Š„—†•ƒdzǡ”—••‡Ž•ǡ ͳͷ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒ”ŽǤ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ‡š’‡”–Ȁ‹ˆ‘’”‡••̴’ƒ‰‡ȀͲʹͲǦ͹͸ͲͳͻǦ ͳ͸ͷǦͲ͸ǦʹͷǦͻͲʹǦʹͲͳͲͲ͸ͳͶ ͹͸ͲͳͺǦͳͶǦͲ͸ǦʹͲͳͲǦʹͲͳͲǦˆƒŽ•‡Ȁ†‡ˆƒ—Ž–̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ ͳͺ͸‡‡ ǤǤƒ‘—‹Ž‹†‹•ǡǤ–”ƒ–—Žƒ–ǡImplementing Lisbon: A Critical Appraisal of the Citizens’ Initiativeǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‘Ž‹ › ‡–”‡ ȋ ‘Ž‹ › ”‹‡ˆȌǡ —‡ ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥ‡’ Ǥ‡—Ȁ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ—’Ž‘ƒ†•Ȁ’—„̴ͳͳ͵ͷ̴‹’Ž‹•„‘Ǥ’†ˆǤ ‘–Š‡” ƒ—–Š‘” ’‘‹–‡† ‘—–ǣ Dz –—•–„‡”‡‡„‡”‡†–Šƒ–‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ƒ ”‘••ƒ ‘–‹‡– ‘—Ž† „‡ ‘‡ƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹‰Š–ƒ”‡ǡƒ†ǡ–Š‡‘”‡•–”‹‰‡––Š‡”—Ž‡•ƒ”‡ǡ–Š‡ˆ‡™‡”–Š‡ ‡–‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–Š‡ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›–‘”—ƒ’‡–‹–‹‘ ƒ’ƒ‹‰ǤŠ‡“—‡•–‹‘–Š‡„‡ ‘Ǧ ‡•ǦǮŠ‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘„‡‡ˆ‹–ǫǯ•‹–‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ––Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‘’—„Ž‹ ˆ—†‹‰ƒǦ ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ǡ‡–‹–‹‡•™‹–Š‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†‡–™‘”•ƒ†•‡ —”‡†ˆ‹ƒ ‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡†ǡ ™Š‡–Š‡” –Š‘•‡ „‡ ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ’ƒ”–‹‡•ǡ  •ǡ ‘” ’”‹˜ƒ–‡ ‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ ‡ ‹‰Š–ǡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‡‡†–‘„”ƒ ‡‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•ˆ‘”‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•‘‹••—‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡–ƒ„‘‘‹Š‹‰Š’‘Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ ”‹‰‡’ƒ”–‹‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡ƒš‡‘’Š‘„‹ ƒ‰‡†ƒƒ†ˆƒŽŽ•Š‘”–‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –‹‘–Š”‡•Š‘Ž†•ƒ› —‹–‡‹’”‘’‘•‹‰ƒ–‹Ǧ‹‹‰”ƒ–‹‘‡ƒ•—”‡•Œ—•–ƒ•— Šƒ•ǦǦ‘”‡˜‡‘”‡–ŠƒǦǦ •ƒ›ǡ–”ƒ˜‡ŽŽ‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡†‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –”‹ ƒŽ‘—–Ž‡–•dzǢ Ǥe—Ǧ 

ͳͶͶ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

™Š‹ Š ‘—Ž† „‡ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡† „› •–”‘‰ ”‹–‹ ‹•• ‘ˆ ƒ —”‘• ‡’–‹  ƒǦ –—”‡ሺ • ‘•‹†‡”‡† ‘•–Ž›ǡ’‘‹–Ž‡••ƒ†Dz‘–Š‡”Ǧ†‹”‡ –‡†dzǡ‡– Ǥͳͺ͹ሻǤŠ‡ ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ‘ˆ –Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘„›–Š‡ ‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲŠƒ•ƒ†‡ –Š‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ •‡ƒ•‹‡”™Š‹Ž‡‰‹˜‹‰–Š‡‘”‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ƒ• ‹– ™‹ŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ –‘ Š‡  ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–› ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ƒ– ”‡‰‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ™Š‹ Š™‹ŽŽ‹‡˜‹–ƒ„Ž›—†‡”‰‘ƒŒ‘”’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’”‡••—”‡ƒ†•—’’Ž›•‡˜Ǧ ‡”ƒŽ•‡”˜‹ ‡••— Šƒ•ƒŠ‡Ž’†‡•ƒ†ƒ—•‡”‰—‹†‡ǡ’—„Ž‹ Š‡ƒ”‹‰•ǡ‘‹Ǧ –‘”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•–ƒ‰‡•‘ˆ•— ‡••ˆ—ŽŽ›”‡‰‹•–‡”‡†’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ǡ‡– Ǥͳͺͺ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •ǡ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡Ž›”‡˜‹•‡†ƒ† ‘””‡ –‡†‘–Š‡„ƒ•‹•‘ˆ‡šǦ ’‡”‹‡ ‡ǡƒ”‡ƒƒŒ‘” ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ’”‘„ƒ„Ž›‘”‡ˆ‘”–Š‡‹†‹”‡ –”‡•—Ž–• –Šƒ––Š‡› ƒ‰‹˜‡ሺ’—•Š‹‰–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†—”‘’‡ƒ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•–‘ƒ – ‘ ‹••—‡• ”ƒ‹•‡† ƒ† –Š‡ ‡‡”‰‡ ‡ ‘ˆ —”‘’‡ƒ ’—„Ž‹  ‘’‹‹‘ሻ –Šƒ ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‹”‡ – ‘‡• –Šƒ–ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ ƒ”‡ ‘”‡ — ‡”–ƒ‹Ǥ Š‹• ™‘—Ž†„”‹‰ƒ„‘—–ƒ‡™†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ Š‘’‡–Šƒ– ‘—Ž†”‡˜‡”„‡”ƒ–‡ƒ–˜ƒ”Ǧ ‹‘—•Ž‡˜‡Ž•ƒ†’‡‡–”ƒ–‡ˆ‘”–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‹‰‹–‹–Š‡‘ˆ–‡”‡•‹‰‡†ǡƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ†•–‹ˆŽ‹‰ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ’—„Ž‹ •’ƒ ‡•Ǥ ”‘„ƒ„Ž›ǡƒ••–ƒ–‡†„›•‘‡ǡ–Š‡’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ •‡”˜‹ ‡•ƒ† ‘‘ƒ••‡–•ǡ–Š‡”‡“—‡•–ˆ‘”•ƒˆ‡‰—ƒ”†‹‰ƒ†‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰ƒ•‘ ‹ƒŽ —”‘’‡ǡ–Š‡’”‘‘–‹‰‘ˆ”‹‰Š–•ƒ†–Š‡’”‘–‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡˜‹”‘‡– ƒ”‡•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹ƒ”‡ƒ•™Š‡”‡–Š‡  ‘—Ž†”‡Ǧƒ™ƒ‡ƒ†’—•Š–Š‡ –‘ƒ –ˆ‘”ƒ„‡––‡”ˆ—–—”‡ͳͺͻƒ†ƒ Ž‘•‡”‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘–‹‡–ǡ

 ŠƒǡDz—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ȋǮȌȋƒ›‘‘ƒ‡Š‡Ȍ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡdzop. cit.’Ǥ͸ͶǤ–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ Ž‘„„‹‡•’”‡˜ƒ‹Ž‹‰‘ ••‡‡Ǥ‹ Š‹––—ǡDz Ž†‹”‹––‘†‹‹‹œ‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ†‡‹ ‹––ƒ†‹‹ǣ——‘˜‘ •–”—‡–‘†‹’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒœ‹‘‡ƒŽŽǯ‹–‡”‘†‡ŽŽǯ‹‘‡‡—”‘’‡ƒ”ǡ‹ Quaderni costituzionaliǡ ‘Ǥ͵ǡ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ’’Ǥ͸ʹͳǦʹͷǤ ͳͺ͹‡‡ǡˆ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‘—†ƒ–‹‘ǡ•‡–—’„›–Š‡‘Ǧ •‡”˜ƒ–‹˜‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ‹ƒƒ†’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”‹ƒ‹ŽŽƒ•Šˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡  „› —”‘’‡ƒ ’‘’—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ †‡ˆ‹‹‰ Š‹•‡Žˆ ƒ Dz—”‘Ǧ”‡ƒŽ‹•–dzǡ Dz—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣƒ•–‡‘ˆ‹‡ƒ†‘‡›Ǩ”ǡBill Cash’s European Jour- nalǡͺ’”‹ŽʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒŒ‘—”ƒŽǤ–›’‡’ƒ†Ǥ ‘Ȁ›̴™‡„Ž‘‰ȀʹͲͳͲȀͲͶȀ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǦƒǦ™ƒ•–‡Ǧ‘ˆǦ–‹‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ‘‡›ǤŠ–ŽǤ ͳͺͺ‡‡ ǤǤƒ‘—‹Ž‹†‹•ƒ†Ǥ–”ƒ–—Žƒ–ǡThe European Citizens’ Initiative: Next Step, Implementationǡ—”‘’‡ƒ‘Ž‹ ›‡–”‡ȋȌǡ‘‡–ƒ”›ǡͳ͸‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡’ Ǥ‡—Ȁ†‘ —‡–•Ȁ—’Ž‘ƒ†•Ȁ’—„̴ͳʹͲ͵̴–Š‡̴‡—”‘’‡ƒ̴ ‹–‹œ‡•̴‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ’†ˆǤ ͳͺͻ‡‡ ǤŽŽ‡‰”‹ǡDzƒ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒœ‹‘‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ†‘’‘‹•„‘ƒǡdzͳͳ ƒ” Š ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‡ƒ”‹‰Š–•Ǥ‡—Ȁ‹†‡šǤ’Š’ǫˆ—œ‹‘‡αƬ‘’αͷƬ‹†α͵͸͹Ǥ ‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ Ǥ ŽŽ‡Ǧ ‰”‹ǡDz Ž†‹”‹––‘†‹‹‹œ‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ†‡‹ ‹––ƒ†‹‹‡—”‘’‡‹ȋ Ȍ‡Žƒ †‡‘ ”ƒœ‹ƒ ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹˜ƒ 

ͳͶͷ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

ƒ‹‰ –Š‡ ‹–‹œ‡• ƒ† –Š‡‹” ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡• ‡“—ƒŽŽ› ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ ƒ †‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒ†˜‡–—”‡–‘’—”•—‡ˆ‘”—‹–‹‰—”‘’‡Ǥ”‘Ž‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹ •–‹—Žƒ–‹‰–Š‡’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ‡Ž‹–‡•ƒ†‹†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ƒŒ‘”†‹’Ž‘ƒ–‹ ‹‹–‹ƒǦ –‹˜‡•Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘„‡‡‡˜‹•ƒ‰‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆˆ‘”‡‹‰”‡Žƒ–‹‘•ǤͳͻͲ ƒ› ƒ•‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› †‡‘ ”ƒ › ƒ ‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ƒ ‰”‡ƒ–‡”†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆŠ‘‘‰‡‡‹–›™Š‹Ž‡—’Š‘Ž†‹‰†‹˜‡”•‹–‹‡•ǡƒ† –Š‹•‹ –—”ƒ› ‘–”‹„—–‡–‘–Š‡•–”‡‰–Š‡‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ‹Ǧ –‡‰”ƒ–‹‘Ǥͳͻͳ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‡˜‡ ‹ˆ –Š‡   ™‡”‡ ‘Ž› ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ’Žƒ› ƒ ‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”› ”‘Ž‡‹–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ǡ–Š‹•™‘—Ž†ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›„‡ƒ‰‘‘†”‡Ǧ •—Ž–Ǥ”›‹‰ ‘—––Š‹•‡™†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹  ‹•–”—‡–ǡ •‘–Šƒ–‹–‹• ‹ Ž—•‹˜‡ ƒ†•–‹—Žƒ–‡•—”‘’‡ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘ƒ‹‰ƒ–ƒŽŽŽ‡˜‡Ž•ǡ‹• ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›—•‡ˆ—Ž ƒ†–Š‡  ƒˆ‘”ƒ„”‹†‰‡„‡–™‡‡ ‹–‹œ‡•ƒ†–Š‡ǡƒ Šƒ‡Žˆ‘” ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡š Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡’”‹‘”‹–›–ƒ•–‘„‡†‡ƒŽ–™‹–Šˆ‘”–Š‡†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰‹–‡”ƒŽ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘‹• ‡”–ƒ‹Ž›–Š”‘—‰Š‹•–‹–—–‹‘ƒŽ”‡Ǧ ˆ‘”•ƒ†’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ Šƒ‰‡••— Šƒ•ǣ

˹–Š‡”‡‹ˆ‘” ‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›–Š‡Ǣ ˹‡•—”‹‰†‹”‡ –‡Ž‡ –‹‘•–‘–Š‡„›–Š‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒǦ –—”‡ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡•‹†‡ ›‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ‹•‡†„›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ’ƒ”–‹‡•†—”‹‰ –Š‡‡Ž‡ –‹‘•ˆ‘””‡‡™‹‰–Š‡Ǣ

 ‡ŽŽǯ‹‘‡ ‡—”‘’‡ƒǣ ’”‹‡ ”‹ˆŽ‡••‹‘‹”ǡ ‹ Federalismi.itǡ ͺ ‡ ‡„‡” ʹͲͳͲǡ Š––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•‹Ǥ‹–Ȁƒ’’Ž‘•–”ƒ‘ Ǥ ˆǫ”–‹†αͳ͹ʹʹͲǤ ͳͻͲ ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡ•‡‡–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ–‘’”‘‘–‡ƒ –‘‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡–Š‡–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒ ‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡ˆ‘”‡‹‰’‘Ž‹ ›ƒ„Ž‡–‘’”‘‘–‡”‡ ‘ ‹Ž‹ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡ •”ƒ‡Žƒ†ƒŽ‡•Ǧ –‹‡ǣDz•—”‘’‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”•ƒ”‡—Ž‹‡Ž›–‘ƒ‡Šƒ”††‡ ‹•‹‘•‘ –Š‡‹” ‘™ǡ ’—„Ž‹  ’”‡••—”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‡••‡–‹ƒŽǤŠ‡‹•„‘–”‡ƒ–›ƒŽ•‘’”‘˜‹†‡•‘”†‹ƒ”›’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Šƒ–‘‘Ž–‘ ’‡–‹–‹‘–Š‡ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ ˆƒ„”‘ƒ† ‹˜‹Ž•‘ ‹‡–› ‘ƒŽ‹–‹‘ ƒ ‘ŽŽ‡ –ƒ‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ˆ”‘ ‘ ‡”‡† ‹–‹œ‡•‘ƒ„Ž—‡’”‹–ˆ‘” Šƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ ™‡•–ƒ†ƒ Šƒ ‡‘ˆ”‡†‡ˆ‹‹‰–Š‡ǯ•”‘Ž‡‹–Š‹•‹–‡”‹ƒ„Ž‡ ‘ˆŽ‹ –dzǡ•‡‡ŠƒŽ‡† ‹ƒ„ǡ Dz ‘™ –Š‡  ‘—Ž† –‹ ‡ •”ƒ‡Ž –‘ ‡‡ ‡ƒ ‡ ƒ‹‰ —”‘’‡ǯ• ‘•‹‡•• ™‹–Š •”ƒ‡Ž‡’‡†‡–‘‘‹–‡––‘ ƒ‹”‡ƒ ‡‘—Ž†‡‘”‡ˆˆ‡ –‹˜‡–ŠƒƒŽ—– ‘› ‘––”ǡ‹Guardianǡʹ͸‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‰—ƒ”†‹ƒǤ ‘Ǥ—Ȁ ‘‡–‹•ˆ”‡‡Ȁ ʹͲͳͲȀ‘˜Ȁʹ͸Ȁ‡—Ǧ‹•”ƒ‡ŽǦ‡—”‘’‡Ǧ’‡ƒ ‡Ǥ ͳͻͳ‡‡Ǥ‹ Žƒ”‹ǡDzƒ†‡‘ ”ƒœ‹ƒ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹˜ƒ‡ŽŽǯ‘”†‹ƒ‡–‘ ‘—‹–ƒ”‹‘ǣ•˜‹Ž—’Ǧ ’‹ƒ––—ƒŽ‹‡’”‘•’‡––‹˜‡dzǡ‹‹”‹––‘—„„Ž‹ ‘ǡ‘ǤʹǡʹͲͲͻǡ’’ǤͷͺͻǦ͸Ͳ͹ǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ•–”‹† Ǧ‘Ž‹‡Ǥ‹–Ȁ‹ˆ‘”ƒǦ†‡Ȁ–—†‹Ǧ‡Ǧ”‹Ȁ” Š‹˜‹‘ǦʹͷȀ‹ Žƒ”‹ǦǦǦ‡‘ ”ƒœ‹ƒǦ’ƒ”–‡ ‹’ƒ–‹˜ƒǦǤ’†ˆǤ

ͳͶ͸ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

˹ ‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‹‰–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ’‘™‡”•Ǣ ˹–Š‡‡‡”‰‡ ‡‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹‹‘ƒ†•—’”ƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘„‘Ǧ †‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡ ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•ˆ‘”’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ ’”‘ ‡•• ‹• ‡”–ƒ‹Ž› ‘– ƒ †‡ ‹•‹˜‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ǡ „—– ‡‹–Š‡” •Š‘—Ž† ‹– „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ’Ž‡„‹• ‹–ƒ”›ǡ’‘‹–Ž‡••‘”†‡ƒ‰‘‰‹ ‹•–”—‡–Ǥͳͻʹ – ƒ–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡„‡ ‘ Ž—†‡†–Šƒ–ƒ’”‘’‡”Ž›’”‘‘–‡†”‹‰Š–‘ˆ‹‹–‹Ǧ ƒ–‹˜‡•—’’‘”–‡†„›•‹’Ž‡ǡ–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡–ƒ†„ƒŽƒ ‡†”—Ž‡•ǡƒ› ‘–”‹Ǧ „—–‡–‘–Š‡•Šƒ’‹‰‘ˆƒ†‡‘ ”ƒ–‹ ƒŽŽ›Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‡†Ǥ•Šƒ•„‡‡ ”‹‰Š–Ž›’‘‹–‡†‘—–ǡ–Š‡  ƒ’‡”ˆ‘”Dz–Š‡†‡Ž‹ ƒ–‡–ƒ•‘ˆ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‘””‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡†‡‘ ”ƒ ›dzǤͳͻ͵ ’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǡ • ƒ‰‹˜‡”‹•‡–‘ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ†‡„ƒ–‡‘‹••—‡•‘ˆ‰‡Ǧ ‡”ƒŽƒ†–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–ǡƒ—•‡ˆ—Ž‡Ž‡‡–ˆ‘”ˆ‘”‹‰ƒ—”‘’‡Ǧ ™‹†‡’—„Ž‹ ‘’‹‹‘ƒ†ˆ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•Š‹’Ǥ

5.5. ECIs in progress: suggestions and changes

Ž–Š‘—‰Š‘– ‘•–‹–—–‹‰‡›•–‡’•’‡”•‡ǡ–Š‡ •ƒ”‡‘–’‘‹–Ž‡••†‹•Ǧ –”ƒ –‹‘•‡‹–Š‡”Ǥ‡˜‡”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡•ƒ†‡„›–Š‡ǯ•‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘’”‘Ǧ ’‘•ƒŽ ƒ„‡ˆƒ˜‘—”ƒ„Ž›ƒ ‡’–‡†ǡ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡‹‹— —„‡”‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•’‡”‡„‡”–ƒ–‡ƒ†–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ –Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•‘Ž‹‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒƒŒ‘”•–‡’ˆ‘”™ƒ”†Šƒ•„‡‡–Šƒ–•‘‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ƒ†‡„›–Š‡™‡”‡‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ ‘’”‘‹•‡ ”‡ƒ Š‡†‘͵Ͳ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲ„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ǯ• ǡ–Š‡—”‘’‡ƒ ‘— ‹Žƒ†–Š‡‘‹••‹‘ƒ†ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡‘ͳͷ‡ ‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲƒ†ƒ†‘’–‡†„›–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ –Š‡‘ͳ͸’”‹ŽʹͲͳͳǤ •’‹–‡‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘‰”‡••ǡ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ Šƒ‰‡•

 ͳͻʹ Ǥ ƒŽŽ‹• Š‡”•‡Žˆ ’‘‹–‡† –‘ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡  ǯ• ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡•ǣ Dz –ǯ•‘–ƒ™‹••Ǧ•–›Ž‡ •›•–‡‘ˆ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ†”‡ˆ‡”‡†—•Ǥ –ǯ•†‹’’‹‰–Š‡–‘‡‹–Š‡™ƒ–‡”‘ˆ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‘”› †‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǥƒ‘’’‘”–—‹–›ˆ‘”—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•–‘’—•Š–Š‡Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡„—––‘dzǡǤ‡Ǧ –‡”ǡDz‘™‡”–‘–Š‡‡‘’Ž‡Ǧ•–›Ž‡dz,BBC Newsǡʹʹ‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͳͲǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„„ Ǥ ‘Ǥ —Ȁ‡™•Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ǧ‡—”‘’‡Ǧͳͳ͹͹͵͸Ͷ͹Ǥ ͳͻ͵Ǥ‘˜ƒǡIl diritto d’iniziativa dei cittadini europei ed i confermati limiti dell’inizia- tiva legislativa popolare in Italia,’ǤͶǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥˆ‘”— ‘•–‹–—œ‹‘ƒŽ‡Ǥ‹–Ȁ•‹–‡Ȁ‹ƒ‰‡•Ȁ •–‘”‹‡•Ȁ’†ˆȀ†‘ —‡–‹̴ˆ‘”—Ȁ‡—”‘• ‘’‹‘Ȁ‘–‡̴‡—”‘’ƒȀͲͲͲͺ̴„‘˜ƒǤ’†ˆǤ

ͳͶ͹ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

•—‰‰‡•–‡†„›‘–Š‡”•‘—” ‡•†‹• —••‡†‹–Š‹•’ƒ’‡” ‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡ ‘•‹Ǧ †‡”‡†‹˜‹‡™‘ˆƒˆ—–—”‡”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǣ

˹ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ–Š‡‘‹••‹‘•Š‘—Ž†“—‹ Ž›‡š’”‡••ƒ ‘’‹‹‘–Šƒ–‹••–”‹ –Ž›‘–Š‡Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ•’‡ –•ƒ†ˆ”‡‡‘ˆ‘–Š‡” ‘•‹†Ǧ ‡”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†ǡ‹ˆ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡‘’‹‹‘ǡ–Š‡‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡ –‘ƒ’’‡ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ Ǣ ˹–Š‡–‹‡ˆ‘”‰ƒ–Š‡”‹‰–Š‡•‹‰ƒ–—”‡••Š‘—Ž†„‡‡š–‡†‡†–‘ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•– ͳͺ‘–Š•„‡ ƒ—•‡ͳʹ‘–Š••‡‡•–‘‘•Š‘”–ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–‹‡Ǣ ˹™Š‡ƒ†‹••‹„‹Ž‹–›Šƒ•„‡‡”‡ ‘‰‹•‡†ƒ†‘‡‹ŽŽ‹‘•‹‰ƒ–—”‡• Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‡†ǡ–Š‡•Š‘—Ž†ǡƒ•ƒ”—Ž‡ǡ’”‡’ƒ”‡ƒDzƒ’’”‘’”‹Ǧ ƒ–‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽdzሺ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–‹•ƒ›™ƒ›‘–„‘—†–‘†‘•‘™Š‹ Šǡ‹ ‰‡‡”ƒŽǡ•‡‡•Œ—•–‹ˆ‹‡†ሻˆ‘”™Š‹ ŠDzƒŽ‡‰ƒŽƒ –‘ˆ–Š‡‹‘‹• ”‡Ǧ “—‹”‡†dzሺ”–ǤͳͳሻǢ‹ˆ–Š‡”‡•—Ž–‹•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ‹–—•–„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘ †‹•’—–‡–Š‡‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†”‡ˆ—•ƒŽƒ––Š‡ Ǣ ˹–Š‡ƒ”‰—‡–••—’’‘”–‡†„›•‘‡–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽƒ†‡ƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†• –Š‡  ‘—Ž†‹ Ž—†‡”—Ž‡•ˆ‘””‡ˆ‘”‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡•†‘‡•‘–•‡‡ –‘Šƒ˜‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‰”‘—†•ǡ„‡ ƒ—•‡–Š‡ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ”–Ǥͳͳ•‡‡• •—ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–Ž› Ž‡ƒ”Ǣ ˹†‡•’‹–‡–Š‹•ǡ–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ‹™Š‹ Š‹–™‹ŽŽ„‡’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘’”‡•‡–’”‘’‘•Ǧ ƒŽ•„›‡ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ –‘‘Ž‹•‡š–”‡‡Ž›„”‘ƒ†ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡‘Ž›‡š ‡’Ǧ –‹‘„‡‹‰ƒ––‡”• ‘’‡–‹‰•‘Ž‡Ž›–‘–Š‡Ǥ‘–Š‹ƒ––‡”•”—Ž‡† „›‘”†‹ƒ”›Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ƒ†ˆ‘”–Š‘•‡–Šƒ–”‡“—‹”‡—ƒ‹Ǧ ‹–›ǡ–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒŽŽ‘™‡†„›–Š‡”‡ƒ–‹‡• ”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž‡‰ƒŽƒ –•ሺ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ†‹”‡ –‹˜‡•ǡ †‡ ‹•‹‘•ሻˆ‘”™Š‹ Š–Š‡  ƒ‹–‡”˜‡‡ƒ•ƒ†”‹˜‹‰‡Ž‡‡–ǡ‡•Ǧ ’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡‘’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘— ‹Ž‘”Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•‘–Š‡•‡•—„Œ‡ –•ˆ”‘–Š‡ǣˆ”‘–Š‡„—†‰‡––‘–Š‡ ǯ•‘™”‡•‘—” ‡•ǡ–ƒšƒ–‹‘ƒ––‡”•ǡ ‹” —Žƒ–‹‰‘ˆ•‡”˜‹ ‡•ǡ‹ˆ”ƒǦ •–”— –—”‡• ˆ‘” ‡‡”‰›ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ† –Š‡ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ǡ ‹‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ǡ •‘ ‹ƒŽ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•ǡ ‘Š‡•‹‘ƒ†•‘ˆ‘”–ŠǢ ˹ƒƒ”‡ƒ–‘†‡ƒŽ™‹–Š’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”Ž›ƒ––‡–‹˜‡Ž›‹•–Šƒ–‘ˆ•–”‡‰–Š‡‡† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡†ˆ‘”ƒ†‰‘˜‡”‡†„›”–ǤʹͲǣ–Š‡Ž‹‹–‡† ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ‡ Šƒ‹• ’”‘˜‹†‡† ˆ‘” „› –Š‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‡• Šƒ• ‡‘”‘—• ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽǡ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›™Š‡ ‘•‹†‡”‹‰–Šƒ–”–Ǥ͵͵͵ ƒ ‘™ŽǦ ‡†‰‡•–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒ’’Ž›‹‰–Š‡‘”†‹ƒ”›Ž‡‰‹•Žƒ–‹˜‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ሺƒ†–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡™‹–Š–Š‡ ‘Ǧ†‡ ‹•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ሻǡ‹ˆ–Š‹•‹•†‡ ‹†‡†—Ǧ

ͳͶͺ THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INIZIATIVE

ƒ‹‘—•Ž›„›–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–Šƒ˜‡‡„ƒ”‡†‘‡Šƒ ‡† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǣ ˹‹ –Š‹• ”‡•’‡ –ǡ ƒ •‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ†‡ „› ‡ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ ǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ ‡ǡƒ•”‡‰ƒ”†•–Š‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ˆ‘”‹˜‡•–Ǧ ‹‰‹‹ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡ƒ†ƒ„‘—–—”‘’‡ƒ–ƒš‡•ǡ‹ ‘‡ –‹‘™‹–Š –Š‡—”‘ƒ†™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ–Š‡ Š‘‹ ‡•ƒ†’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•‘ˆ –Š‡—”‘Ǧ‰”‘—’Ǣ ˹ˆ‘”•–”— –—”‡† ‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‹†‡ˆ‡ ‡ƒ––‡”•ሺ”–ǤͶ͸Ǥ͸ሻǡ–‘‘ǡ –Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ–‘„‡ ‘˜‡”‡†‹•’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›‡š–”‡‡Ž›„”‘ƒ†ƒ††‡ ‹•‹˜‡Ǣ ˹‹–‹•ƒ†˜‹•ƒ„Ž‡–‘‡š–‡†–Š‡’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ’”‘‘–‹‰ƒ –‘ –Š‡ ‡Ž‡ –‡†‘ ƒŽ—–Š‘”‹–‹‡•ሺ•ሻ‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”–ƒ–‡•ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š‘†Ǧ ‡•‘ˆ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘•–‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–‘„‡†‡ˆ‹‡†Ǥ™‘ ‘—Ž†„‡‡˜‹Ǧ •ƒ‰‡†ǣ  ‹Ǥ ‡–Š‡”‡“—‹•‹–‡•ˆ‘”–”ƒ•’ƒ”‡ ›ƒ†•›•–‡•–‘ƒ˜‘‹† ‘Ǧ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ‘”†‹•–‘”–‡†—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ȋˆ‘”’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǡ ‘”•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ †‡ƒ†•ȌŠƒ˜‡„‡‡‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ–Š‡•ƒ‹†• ‘—Ž† ‘ŽŽ‡ –•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•†‹”‡ –Ž›Ǥ  ‹‹Ǥ • ‘—Ž†•—’’‘”–ƒ†ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ•‹‰ƒ–—”‡•ǡ ™‹–Š‘—– ƒ –‹‰ ƒ• ‘”‰ƒ‹•‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡   ’—”•—ƒ– –‘ ‡š‹•–‹‰ ’”‘˜‹•‹‘•ǡ‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰˜‹•‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ†ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›’—”•—‹‰’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ ‹–‡”‡†‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‘ ƒ‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡Ž› ˜‹ƒ„Ž‡ –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‘” ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹‰ •‹‰ƒ–—”‡• ‘ ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•Ȃ•–ƒ”–‹‰™‹–Šƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ ‘—–”‹‡•‹–‡–‘’”‘Ǧ ‰”‡••‹‰–‘™ƒ”†•ƒˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ—‹‘Ȃ‹–™‘—Ž†„‡Š‘’‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ›’”‘Ǧ —”‘’‡ƒ† ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘•’”‡•‡–‹—”‘’‡™‹ŽŽ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡ •‘‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ሺˆ‡™„—–‹ ‹•‹˜‡ǡ‘”‡˜‡Œ—•–‘‡ሻǡ‰‡––‹‰–Š‡‹”ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™Ǧ ‡”•‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹–Š‡“—‡•–‹‘•ǤͳͻͶ Š‡   ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ†‘’–‡† ‘ ͳ͸ ‡„”—ƒ”› ʹͲͳͳ ƒ† ‹– •ŠƒŽŽƒ’’Ž›ˆ”‘ͳ’”‹ŽʹͲͳʹǤ‘™‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ‘””‡ –Ž›ǡ –Š—•‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡‹‰ƒƒ –—ƒŽ‘’’‘”–—‹–›ˆ‘” ‹˜‹Ž’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘Ǥǯ• ”‡Ǧ †‹„‹Ž‹–›™‘—Ž†„‡•‡”‹‘—•Ž›†ƒƒ‰‡†„›ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹Ž‹–•’”‘‹•‡•‘”„›

 ͳͻͶ‡‡Ǥ†”‹ƒ‡••‡•ǡDzŠ‹ ŠŠ‘—Ž†‡–Š‡ ‹”•– ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǫ”ǡ‹The New Federalist.euǡʹ͵ƒ” ŠʹͲͳͳǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–Š‡‡™ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–Ǥ‡—Ȁ Š‹ ŠǦ•Š‘—Ž†Ǧ„‡Ǧ–Š‡Ǧˆ‹”•–Ǧˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ‹•–Ǧ—”‘’‡ƒǦ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡͓„ͳǤ

ͳͶͻ S. ALOISIO, G. GRIMALDI, U. MORELLI, A. PADOA-SCHIOPPA

„—”‡ƒ— ”ƒ–‹  †‡Žƒ›• †—‡ –‘ –Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† Šƒ‰‡• –‘ „‡ ‹–”‘†— ‡† ƒǦ –‹‘ƒŽŽ›‘”‹–Š‡‘—‹–›Ǥ Š‡ƒ‰”‡‡‡–•”‡ ‡–Ž›”‡ƒ Š‡†‹–Š‡–”‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡ȋȂ‘— ‹Ž‘ˆ–Š‡ ȂȌ ƒ† –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘˜ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘  ‘Ǥ ʹͳͳȀʹͲͳͳ •‡‡ –‘ Š‡”ƒŽ†ƒ‡™‡”ƒ‘ˆŠ‘’‡ƒ†’”‘‰”‡••‹–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‘ˆƒ’‘Ž‹–‹ ƒŽ—Ǧ ”‘’‡ƒ•–Š‡‹• —””‡–Ž›–‘‘†‹˜‹†‡†ǡ— ‡”–ƒ‹ƒ†™ƒ˜‡”‹‰ƒ•‹–‹• ˆƒ ‡†™‹–Š ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–†ƒ›™‘”Ž†Ǥͳͻͷ 

 ͳͻͷ ‘”ˆ—”–Š‡”†‡–ƒ‹Ž•ƒ†‡™•‘ •‡‡ǡEuractiv ‘••‹‡”Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”ƒ –‹˜Ǥ ‘Ȁ‡Ȁˆ—–—”‡Ǧ‡—Ȁ‡—”‘’‡ƒǦ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǦŽ‹•†‘••‹‡”ǦͷͲʹͲ͸͹Ǣ ‹‡””‡ ƒ‰ƒ”–ǡ Dz‹–‹œ‡•ǯ ‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǣ ‘™ –‘”•dzǡ‹Europoliticsǡʹͺ’”‹ŽʹͲͳͳǡŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡—”‘’‘ Ž‹–‹ •Ǥ‹ˆ‘Ȁ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ȁ ‹–‹œ‡•Ǧ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǦŠ‘™Ǧ‹–Ǧ™‘”•Ǧƒ”–͵Ͳʹͷͻ͵Ǧ͵͵ǤŠ–ŽǤ    ƒ† †‹”‡ –†‡‘ ”ƒ ›•‡‡ǣDz‘š’‘’—Ž‹‘”Š‘‹’‘ŽŽ‘‹ǫ‘‡•‘”‡‘–‹‰ ‡ ‡••ƒ”‹Ž› ‡ƒ ‘”‡‡‘ ”ƒ ›ǫ‡‘’Ž‡•‘™‡” ƒ•‹–•‡”‹Ž•”ǡ‹The Economistǡʹͺ’”‹ŽʹͲͳͳǡŠ––’ǣ ȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡ ‘‘‹•–Ǥ ‘Ȁ‘†‡ȀͳͺͷͺͶ͵ͻ͸ǫ•–‘”›̴‹†αͳͺͷͺͶ͵ͻ͸Ƭˆ•” α”••Ǥ

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