Family Law Berenson Fam Law 00 Fmt F2.Qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page Ii Berenson Fam Law 00 Fmt F2.Qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page Iii

berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page i

Family Law berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page ii berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page iii

Family Law

Doctrine and Practice

Steve Berenson Professor of Law Director of Veterans Legal Assistance Clinic Thomas Jefferson School of Law

Carolina Academic Press Durham, North Carolina berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page iv

ISBN: 978-1-61163-954-4 E-ISBN: 978-1-61163-998-8 LCCN: 2016952078

Carolina Academic Press, LLC 700 Kent Street Durham, North Carolina 27701 Telephone (919) 489-7486 Fax (919) 493-5668 www.cap-press.com

Printed in the United States of America berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page v

To Deanna, Michaela, and Kory — for making my family life so wonderful. berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page vi berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page vii

Contents

Table of Cases xxi Table of Authorities xxv

Chapter 1 · Introduction 3

Chapter 2 · Premarital Controversies 7 I. Learning Outcomes 7 II. Breach of Promise to Marry 7 Gilbert v. Barkes 9 Discussion Questions 12 III. Other “Heart Balm” Actions 12 IV. Modiﬁed Breach of Promise to Marry Claims 13 Tennessee Code Annotated § 36- 3-401 14 Tennessee Code Annotated § 36- 3-404 14 Discussion Question 14 V. Does Anti- Heart Balm Legislation Bar Other Actions? 14 Gilbert v. Barkes 14 Koestler v. Pollard 15 Discussion Questions 17 VI. Gifts in Contemplation of Marriage 17 A. Engagement Rings 17 Mate v. Abrahams 18 Lindh v. Surman 19 Discussion Questions 22 B. Other Gifts Given in Contemplation of Marriage 22 California Civil Code § 1590 23 VII. Summary of the Law 23 VIII. Review Questions 23 IX. Problems 25 X. Additional Readings 27

Chapter 3 · Premarital Agreements — Validity and Enforcement 29 I. Learning Outcomes 29 II. Introduction 29 III. Case Law 29 Mulford v. Mulford 29 In re Estate of Geyer 31

vii berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page viii

viii CONTENTS

Discussion 34 Simeone v. Simeone 34 Discussion Questions 39 Discussion 39 A. Procedural Fairness 39 1. Insistence on a Prenup 39 2. Time of Presentation 39 3. Unequal Bargaining Power/Financial Sophistication 40 4. Review by Independent Counsel 40 5. Plain Language 40 6. Financial Disclosures 40 B. Substantive Fairness 40 IV. Statutes 41 In re Marriage of Bonds 42 Discussion Questions 46 Discussion 46 Discussion Question 46 Discussion 47 V. Summary of the Law 47 VI. Review Questions 48 VII. Problems 49 VIII. Additional Readings 51

Chapter 4 · Pre- and Post-Marital Agreements 53 I. Learning Outcomes 53 II. Premarital Agreements Continued 53 A. Formalities 53 B. Non-Economic Terms 53 Zummo v. Zummo 54 Diosdado v. Diosdado 58 Discussion Questions 60 Discussion 60 III. Sample Premarital Agreement 61 Premarital/Prenuptial Agreement 61 IV. Post-Marital Agreements 63 Matthews v. Matthews 63 Pacelli v. Pacelli 66 Discussion 69 V. Summary of the Law 70 VI. Review Questions 70 VII. Problems 71

Chapter 5 · Family Privacy — Part I 73 I. Learning Outcomes 73 II. The Evolution of Family Privacy Doctrine 73 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page ix

CONTENTS ix

Meyer v. Nebraska 73 Discussion Questions 76 Pierce v. Society of Sisters 77 Discussion Questions 80 Griswold v. Connecticut 80 Discussion Questions 84 Eisenstadt v. Baird 84 Discussion Questions 86 Lawrence v. Texas 86 Discussion Questions 89 Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health 89 Discussion Questions 92 III. Summary of the Law 92 IV. Review Questions 93 V. Problems 94

Chapter 6 · Family Privacy — Part II 97 I. Learning Outcomes 97 II. Family Privacy and the Issue of Abortion 97 Roe v. Wade 97 Discussion Questions 102 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey 102 Discussion Questions 108 III. Minors and the Abortion Decision 109 Ohio Revised Code § 2151.85 109 In re Doe 111 Discussion Questions 114 IV. Emancipation 114 California Family Code § 7120 114 Bonnie P. v. Superior Court 115 Discussion Questions 119 V. Summary of the Law 119 VI. Review Questions 120 VII. Problems 121 VIII. Additional Readings 122

Chapter 7 · The Right to Marry 123 I. Learning Outcomes 123 II. Marriage under the U.S. Constitution 123 Loving v. Virginia 123 Discussion 127 Zablocki v. Redhail 128 Discussion 133 Druker v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 134 Buck v. Stankovic 135 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page x

x CONTENTS

Discussion 139 III. Marital Status Discrimination 139 Donato v. AT&T 140 IV. Summary of the Law 144 V. Review Questions 144 VI. Problems 146

Chapter 8 · Substantive Limits on the Right to Marry — Same-Sex Marriage 149 I. Learning Outcomes 149 II. Introduction 149 III. Same- Sex Marriage: The Recent Legal History 149 A. Full Faith and Credit 151 B. Federal Recognition 151 Windsor v. United States 152 IV. Questions Leading Up to the Supreme Court’s Decision in Obergefell v. Hodges 155 A. Equal Protection 155 1. Gender Classiﬁcations 155 2. Sexual Orientation Classiﬁcations 156 B. Substantive Due Process — Fundamental Right to Marry 156 V. The Decision 157 Obergefell v. Hodges 157 Discussion Questions 168 VI. Summary of the Law 168 VII. Review Questions 169 VIII. Problems 170

Chapter 9 · The Right to Marry — Other Substantive Restrictions 171 I. Learning Outcomes 171 II. Introduction 171 III. Polygamy 171 California Family Code § 2201 171 California Penal Code § 281 172 California Penal Code § 282 172 A. The Distinction between Void and Voidable Marriages 172 B. Polygamy under the Federal Constitution 173 1. Free Exercise of Religion 173 State v. Green 173 2. Due Process of Law 175 A) Lawrence v. Texas 175 State v. Holm 176 B) Zablocki v. Redhail 177 State v. Green 177 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xi

CONTENTS xi

Discussion Questions 178 C. Polygamy in Utah 179 IV. Incestuous Marriages 180 California Family Code § 2200 181 Benton v. State 181 Ghassemi v. Ghassemi 182 V. Age Restrictions 185 Moe v. Dinkins 186 Discussion 189 VI. Summary of the Law 189 VII. Review Questions 190 VIII. Problems 191 IX. Additional Readings 192

Chapter 10 · Substantive Limitations on the Right to Marry — State of Mind Restrictions 195 I. Learning Outcomes 195 II. State of Mind Restrictions 195 A. Annulment Versus Divorce 195 California Family Code § 2210 — Annulment 196 B. Annulment on Grounds of Fraud 197 In re Marriage of Yeo and Ren 197 C. Immigration Fraud 200 Lockhart v. Napolitano 201 1. Mail Order Brides 209 2. The Violence Against Women Act and Battered Immigrant Spouses 210 Seiraﬁ- Pour v. Bahgerinassab 211 III. Summary of the Law 215 IV. Review Questions 216 V. Problems 217 VI. Additional Readings 218

Chapter 11 · Procedural Requirements in Order to Marry 219 I. Learning Outcomes 219 II. Introduction 219 III. Licensure 219 Estate of DePasse 220 Carabetta v. Carabetta 224 Discussion Questions 226 IV. Solemnization 227 In re Last Will and Testament of Blackwell 227 Ravenal v. Ravenal 231 Discussion Questions 234 Dodrill v. Dodrill 234 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xii

xii CONTENTS

Persad v. Balram 237 V. Summary of the Law 241 VI. Review Questions 241 VII. Problems 242 Appendix 1 243

Chapter 12 · Alternative Forms of Marriage 245 I. Learning Outcomes 245 II. Introduction 245 III. Common Law Marriage 245 Lewis v. Anderson 245 Discussion 251 People v. Badgett 252 Discussion 257 IV. Proxy Marriages 258 California Family Code § 420 258 V. Conﬁdential Marriages 259 People v. Hassan 259 VI. The Putative Spouse Doctrine 264 In re Estate of Vargas 264 VII. Summary of the Law 267 VIII. Review Questions 267 IX. Problems 268 X. Additional Readings 270

Chapter 13 · Rights and Responsibilities of Marriage — Part I 271 I. Learning Outcomes 271 II. Common Law Marital Disabilities 271 In re Matter of Bradwell 272 Bradwell v. Illinois 274 Discussion Question 276 III. Dower 276 In re Estate of Miltenberger 277 Discussion Question 284 IV. Marital Property Regimes 284 V. Tenants by the Entireties 284 Canjar v. Cole 285 VI. Summary of the Law 290 VII. Review Questions 290 VIII. Problems 292

Chapter 14 · Rights and Responsibilities of Marriage — Part II 293 I. Learning Outcomes 293 II. Financial Support 293 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xiii

CONTENTS xiii

McGuire v. McGuire 293 Discussion Questions 299 III. The Doctrine of Necessaries 300 Southern New Hampshire Medical Center v. Hayes 300 Discussion Questions 306 IV. Fiduciary Duties 306 Schlueter v. Schlueter 307 Discussion Question 312 V. Consortium 312 McClain v. Owens- Corning Fiberglass Corp. 313 Discussion 315 VI. Summary of the Law 315 VII. Review Questions 316 VIII. Problems 317

Chapter 15 · Domestic Violence — Part I 319 I. Learning Outcomes 319 II. Domestic Violence Overview 319 Kristen Lewis & Sarah Burd- Sharps, Domestic Violence: Silence Is Its Greatest Ally 319 III. Legal Responses to Domestic Violence 321 California Penal Code § 273.5 321 California Family Code § 6320(a) 322 California Family Code § 242(a) 322 In Re Marriage of Nadkarni 322 Discussion Question 329 Discussion 329 Discussion Question 330 Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales 330 Discussion Questions 337 Report No. 80/11 Case 12.626 Merits Jessica Lenahan (Gonzales) et al. 337 IV. Summary of the Law 339 V. Review Questions 339 VI. Problems 340 VII. Additional Readings 342 Appendix 1 343

Chapter 16 · Domestic Violence — Part II 349 I. Learning Outcomes 349 II. Barriers to Effective Prevention 349 Trammel v. United States 351 Discussion 355 Louisiana v. Taylor 356 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xiv

xiv CONTENTS

Discussion 362 Discussion Questions 362 Crawford v. Washington 362 Discussion 368 III. Summary of the Law 369 IV. Review Questions 369 V. Problems 370 VI. Additional Reading 371

Chapter 17 · Unmarried Couples — Economic Issues 373 I. Learning Outcomes 373 II. Unmarried Couples — Property and Support 373 Marvin v. Marvin 374 Discussion 379 Marvin v. Marvin 380 Discussion 382 Other Approaches 383 Hewitt v. Hewitt 383 In re Marriage of Lindsey 389 Discussion 393 III. Summary of the Law 393 IV. Review Questions 393 V. Problems 395 VI. Additional Readings 397

Chapter 18 · Unmarried Couples — Parentage 399 I. Learning Outcomes 399 II. Introduction 399 III. The Rights of Non- Marital Children 399 IV. The Rights of Unmarried Fathers 400 Stanley v. Illinois 400 Discussion Questions 404 Lehr v. Robertson 404 V. Who Is a Father Anyway? 411 Michael H. v. Gerald D. 411 Discussion Questions 418 VI. Summary of the Law 419 VII. Review Questions 420 VIII. Problems 421 IX. Additional Readings 422

Chapter 19 · Divorce — Jurisdiction 423 I. Learning Outcomes 423 II. Introduction 423 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xv

CONTENTS xv

III. Divorce Jurisdiction 423 Williams v. North Carolina (Williams I) 424 Discussion 428 IV. Durational Residency Requirements 429 Sosna v. Iowa 429 Discussion Questions 436 V. The Domestic Relations Exception to Diversity Jurisdiction 436 Ankenbrandt v. Richards 437 VI. Summary of the Law 443 VII. Review Questions 444 VIII. Problems 445

Chapter 20 · Divorce — Grounds, Defenses, and Practice 447 I. Learning Outcomes 447 II. Fault- Based Grounds for Divorce 447 New York Domestic Relations Law § 170 (Consol. 2009) 447 III. Fault- Based Defenses to Divorce 449 IV. No- Fault Divorce 450 California Family Code § 2130 450 In re Marriage of McKim 450 Discussion 454 New York Domestic Relations Law § 170 (Consol. 2011) 455 V. Hybrid Divorce Statutes 455 Lehman v. Lehman 456 VI. An Assessment of the No- Fault Divorce Revolution 457 VII. Fault Claims in No- Fault Jurisdictions 459 Twyman v. Twyman 459 Discussion 462 VIII. Summary of the Law 462 IX. Review Questions 463 X. Problems 464 XI. Additional Reading 465

Chapter 21 · Child Custody 467 I. Learning Outcomes 467 II. Introduction 467 III. Jurisdiction 467 IV. Types of Custody 468 V. Standards for Determining Custody 469 Florida Statutes Annotated § 61.13 (LexisNexis 2014) 471 Young v. Hector 472 Discussion 477 VI. Modiﬁcation 478 A. Modiﬁcation Jurisdiction 479 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xvi

xvi CONTENTS

California Family Code § 3422 479 California Family Code § 3423 479 B. Move- Away Cases 480 Harrison v. Morgan 480 Discussion Questions 486 VII. Summary of the Law 486 VIII. Review Questions 487 IX. Problems 489 X. Additional Readings 490

Chapter 22 · Child Custody — Limits on Visitation 491 I. Learning Outcomes 491 II. Restrictions on Visitation 491 A. Supervised Visits 492 Allen v. Allen 492 Discussion 494 B. The Support/Visitation Link 495 Perkinson v. Perkinson 495 Discussion 499 III. Third Party Visits 500 Troxel v. Granville 500 Discussion Questions 511 IV. Summary of the Law 511 V. Review Questions 512 VI. Problems 513 VII. Additional Readings 515

Chapter 23 · Child Custody — Process and Decision Making 517 I. Learning Outcomes 517 II. Alternative Dispute Resolution 517 McLaughlin v. Superior Court 518 Discussion 519 III. Child Preference 520 In re Marriage of Trippanera 520 Discussion 523 IV. Child Representation 523 Hoskins v. Hoskins 524 Discussion 528 V. The Role of Experts 528 Winternitz v. Winternitz 529 Discussion 534 VI. Conclusion 534 VII. Summary of the Law 535 VIII. Review Questions 535 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xvii

CONTENTS xvii

IX. Problems 537 X. Additional Readings 538

Chapter 24 · Child Support 539 I. Learning Outcomes 539 II. Child Support Guidelines 539 County of Stanislaus v. Gibbs 540 Discussion Questions 545 III. Enforcement of Child Support 545 Turner v. Rogers 546 Discussion Questions 552 IV. Child Support Jurisdiction 552 Kulko v. Superior Court 552 Discussion 557 Uniform Interstate Family Support Act 557 V. Modiﬁcation of Child Support 558 A. Jurisdiction 558 B. Materially Changed Circumstances 558 VI. Summary of the Law 559 VII. Review Questions 559 VIII. Problems 561 IX. Additional Readings 562

Chapter 25 · Spousal Support 563 I. Learning Outcomes 563 II. Spousal Support 563 Tennessee Code Annotated § 36- 5-121(i) 563 A. Types of Spousal Support 564 B. Policy Issues Surrounding Spousal Support 565 Watson v. Watson 567 Crabtree v. Crabtree 571 Discussion Questions 574 III. Modiﬁcation of Spousal Support 575 Miller v. Miller 575 Discussion Questions 582 IV. Spousal Support Reform 582 V. Summary of the Law 583 VI. Review Questions 583 VII. Problems 584 VIII. Additional Readings 586

Chapter 26 · Property Division 587 I. Learning Outcomes 587 II. Property Division 587 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xviii

xviii CONTENTS

A. What’s on the Table? 588 750 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 5/503 588 Montana Code Annotated 40- 4-202 589 B. What Is Its Value? 590 C. How Should It Be Divided? 590 In re Marriage of Funk 592 Discussion Questions 601 III. Speciﬁc Property Distribution Issues 601 A. Order of Decision 601 B. The Family Home 601 C. Pensions 602 D. Professional Degrees 602 E. Settlement 603 F. Enforcement 603 G. Bankruptcy 603 H. Tax Issues 604 IV. Summary of the Law 605 V. Review Questions 605 VI. Problems 607 VII. Additional Readings 608

Chapter 27 · Adoption 609 I. Learning Outcomes 609 II. Overview 609 A. Agency Adoptions 609 B. Independent Adoptions 610 C. Jurisdiction 610 III. Requirements for a Lawful Adoption 610 A. Severance of Parental Rights 610 1. Termination of Parental Rights in a Dependency Action 610 2. Consent 611 In re Adoption of S.K.L.H. 611 B. Who May Adopt? 616 1. Marital Status 616 2. Sexual Orientation 616 3. Stepparents 616 C. The Adoption Process 616 1. Factors to Consider in Making an Adoptive Placement 617 A. Race 617 B. ICWA 617 Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl 617 Discussion 622 C. Religion 623 2. Adoption Failure 623 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xix

CONTENTS xix

M.L.B. v. Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services 623 IV. Summary of the Law 625 V. Review Questions 626 VI. Problems 627 VII. Additional Readings 629

Chapter 28 · Assisted Reproductive Techniques 631 I. Learning Outcomes 631 II. Overview 631 III. Traditional Surrogacy 631 IV. Gestational Surrogacy 632 Johnson v. Calvert 633 Discussion 638 Uniform Parentage Act 639 V. Donation 639 Jhordan C. v. Mary K. 640 Discussion 644 VI. Unused Embryos 644 A.Z. v. B.Z. 644 Discussion 650 VII. Summary of the Law 651 VIII. Review Questions 651 IX. Problems 652 X. Additional Reading 653

Index 655 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xx berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxi

Table of Cases

Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 617, 629 Crawford v. Washington, 362, 366– Allen v. Allen, 492, 494 369, 371 Ankenbrandt v. Richards, 437, 442, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri 443, 445, 446 Department of Health, 89, 90, 92 A.Z. v. B.Z., 644 Davis v. Washington, 368 Baby, In re, 632, 638 DeBoer v. Snyder, 157 Baby M, In re, 632 DePasse, Estate of, 220 Baehr v. Miike, 150 Diosdado v. Diosdado, 58 Badgett, People v., 252 Dodrill v. Dodrill, 234 Baker v. Nelson, 149, 158, 164 Doe, In re, 111 Baker v. State, 150 Donato v. AT&T, 140 Belotti v. Baird, 109 Druker v. Commissioner of Internal Benton v. State, 181 Revenue, 134 Blackwell, In re Last Will and Duval v. Wiggin, 13 Testament of, 227 Eisenstadt v. Baird, 84, 86, 89, 99, 102, Bonds, In re Marriage of, 42 103, 109, 158 Bonnie P. v. Superior Court, 115 Funk, In re Marriage of, 592 Bowers v. Hardwick, 87–89, 176 Geyer, Estate of, 31–36, 38–40, 48 Bradwell, In re Matter of, 272 Ghassemi v. Ghassemi, 182 Bradwell v. Illinois, 274 Geiger v. Kitzhaber, 156 Brause v. Bureau of Vital Statistics, 150 Gilbert v. Barkes, 9, 12–15, 17 Brause v. State Dept. of Health & Goodridge v. Department of Public Social Services, 150 Health, 150, 169 Brown v. Buhman, 180, 191 Griswold v. Connecticut, 80, 85, 86, Buck v. Stankovic, 135 99, 102, 109, 130, 158, 159, 168, Burgess, In re Marriage of, 480 402 Burnham v. Superior Court, 557 Harrison v. Morgan, 480 Califano v. Jobst, 131, 132, 134, 135 Hassan, People v., 259 Canjar v. Cole, 285 Hewitt v. Hewitt, 383, 393, 394 Carabetta v. Carabetta, 224 Hirschy v.Coodley, 13 Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 330, Hollingsworth v. Perry, 150 331, 337, 340, 342, 349 Hoskins v. Hoskins, 524, 528 Clark v. Jeter, 400 International Shoe v. Washington, 553, Crabtree v. Crabtree, 571–574 555, 559

xxi berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxii

xxii TABLE OF CASES

Jhordan C. v. Mary K., 640 Moe v. Dinkins, 186, 191 Johnson v. Calvert, 633, 637, 638 Morgan v. Getter, 525, 528 Kelsey S., In re Adoption of, 411 Mulford v. Mulford, 29, 30, 34 Kitchen v. Herbert, 156 Nadkarni, In Re Marriage of, 322 Koestler v. Pollard, 15 Obergefell v. Hodges, 155–157, 168– Kulko v. Superior Court, 552–554, 170, 178 557, 558 Opinions of the Justices to the Senate, Lasater v. Guttmann, 312 150 Lawrence v. Texas, 86, 89, 93, 108, 156, Orr v. Orr, 469 158, 160, 162, 164, 175–177, 191 Pacelli v. Pacelli, 66 Lehman v. Lehman, 456 Palermo v. Palermo, 455 Lehr v. Robertson, 404, 411, 415, 416, Perkinson v. Perkinson, 495 509 Perry v. Brown, 150 Levy v. Louisiana, 399, 403 Perry v. Schwarzenegger, 150, 157 Lewis v. Anderson, 245 Persad v. Balram, 237 Lindh v. Surman, 19 Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 77, 80, 81, Lindsey, In re Marriage of, 389, 393, 84, 100, 102, 109, 120, 160, 407, 394 503 Lochner v. New York, 81, 98, 165, 167, Planned Parenthood of Southeastern 168 Pennsylvania v. Casey, 102, 108, Lockhart v. Napolitano, 201 109 Louisiana v. Taylor, 356, 357, 362, Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 106, Loving v. Virginia, 99, 120, 123, 125, 109, 188 127, 128, 130, 149, 156, 158–160, Ravenal v. Ravenal, 231, 234 162–164, 473, 477, 478, 501, 505 Roe v. Wade, 97, 102–109, 122, 131, Marriage Cases, In Re, 150, 156 186 Marvin v. Marvin, 279, 374, 380, 384 Romer v. Evans, 154, 156 Mate v. Abrahams, 18 Santosky v. Kramer, 610 Matthews v. Matthews, 63 Schlueter v. Schlueter, 307–312, 462 McClain v. Owens-Corning Fiberglass Seiraﬁ-Pour v. Bahgerinassab, 211 Corp., 313 Simeone v. Simeone, 34, 38, 39, 42, McGuire v. McGuire, 293, 449 47, 48 McKim, In re Marriage of, 450–452, S.K.L.H., In re Adoption of, 611 454 Sosna v. Iowa, 186, 187, 429, 432, 434, McLaughlin v. Superior Court, 518 436 Meyer v. Nebraska, 73, 76, 77, 79–81, Southern New Hampshire Medical 84, 99, 100, 102, 109, 120, 125, Center v. Hayes, 300 130, 160, 402, 407, 503 County of Stanislaus v. Gibbs, 540 Michael H. v. Gerald D., 411, 418, Stanley v. Illinois, 400, 401, 403, 404, 419, 509, 638 408, 409, 415, 498 Miller v. Miller, 212, 575, 576, 580 State v. Green, 173, 177 Miltenberger, In re Estate of, 277 State v. Holm, 176 M.L.B. v. Dept. of Health and Stenberg v. Carhart, 108 Rehabilitative Services, 623 Strauss v. Horton, 150 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxiii

TABLE OF CASES xxiii

Trammel v. United States, 351, 355, Williams v. North Carolina (Williams 356 I), 424, 428 Trippanera, In re Marriage of, 520, 523 Williams v. North Carolina (Williams Troxel v. Granville, 500, 511, 515, 523 II), 428 Turner v. Rogers, 546 Windsor v. United States, 152, 153, Turner v. Turner, 158 155, 156, 159–161, 169 Twyman v. Twyman, 459, 461, 462, Winternitz v. Winternitz, 529 464 Yeo and Ren, In re Marriage of, 197 Vargas, In re Estate of, 264 Young v. Hector, 472, 478 Watson v. Watson, 567, 574 Zablocki v. Redhail, 128, 129, 133– Weber v. Aetna Casualty and Surety, 136, 138, 139, 149, 156, 158–160, Co., 399 162–164, 177, 178, 181, 185, 187, Whole Women’s Health v. Hellerstedt, 191, 226, 227 108 Zummo v. Zummo, 54, 61 berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxiv berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxv

Table of Authorities

California Civil Code §43.5, 12, 13 Montana Code Annotated 40-4-202, California Civil Code §51(b), 140 589 California Civil Code §1590, 23 New York Domestic Relations Law California Code of Civil Procedure §170, 447, 455 §410.10, 554 Ohio Revised Code §2151.85, 109, 121 California Family Code §242(a), 322 Restatement (Second) of Conﬂict of California Family Code §420, 258 Laws §283, 151 California Family Code §1615, 146 Restatement (Second) of Torts §685, 13 California Family Code §2130, 450 Tennessee Code Annotated §36-3-401, California Family Code §2200, 181 14 California Family Code §2201, 171 Tennessee Code Annotated §36-3-404, California Family Code §2210, 196 14 California Family Code §2337, 455 Tennessee Code Annotated §36-5- California Family Code §3042, 523 121(i), 563, 568 California Family Code §3190, 494 Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction California Family Code §3422, 479 and Enforcement Act, 468, 479, California Family Code §3423, 479 486, 552, 610 California Family Code §6320(a), 322 Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, California Family Code §7120, 114, 557, 558, 575 115, 117–119 Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act, California Penal Code §273.5, 321 566, 588, 595, 605 California Penal Code §281, 172 Uniform Parentage Act, 418, 638–640, California Penal Code §282, 172 642–644, 652 Florida Statutes Annotated §61.13, 471 Uniform Premarital Agreements Act, 750 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 5/ 503, 588 41, 42, 44, 46–48, 53, 60, 70, 71 Indian Child Welfare Act, 617, 618, Uniform Premarital and Marital 620–623 Agreements Act, 47, 60, 61, 70–72 Mass. Gen. L. §208, Ch. 49, 53, 582

xxv berenson fam law 00 fmt f2.qxp 12/2/16 12:20 PM Page xxvi