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Biodiversity of Plantation Forests and Its Relevance for Ecosystem Functioning 62 Eckehard G

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ISBN 978-4-902606-68-3� OECD Co-operative Research Programme sponsored conference� Thhee RRoleole ooff FForestorest BBiodiversityiodiversity iinn tthehe SSustainableustainable UseUse ofof EEcosystemcosystem GGoodsoods andand ServicesServices iinn AAgro-Forestry,gro-Forestry, Fisheries,Fisheries, aandnd ForestryForestry Proceedings of International Symposium for the Convention on Biological Diversity April 26 - 28, 2010 Tokyo, Japan Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute ᳃ᯘ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ➨ 2 ᮇ୰ᮇィ⏬ᡂᯝ 16㸦⏕ែ⣔ゎ᫂㸫㸯㸧 The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agro-forestry, fisheries, and forestry Proceedings of International Symposium for the Convention on Biological Diversity April 26- 28, 2010 Tokyo, Japan Edited by Toru Koizumi, Kimiko Okabe, Ian Thompson, Ken Sugimura, Takeshi Toma, and Kazuyuki Fujita Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Published by Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 1, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan Copyright: © 2010 Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba All right reserved Citation: Toru Koizumi, Kimiko Okabe, Ian Thompson, Ken Sugimura, Takeshi Toma, and Kazuyuki Fujita eds. (2010) “The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agro-forestry, fisheries, and forestry”. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan, 106 pp. ISBN: 978-4-902606-68-3 Assistant editor: Mifuyu Ogawa, Takehisa Yamakita Cover Photo: Makoto Sano Symposium organizer: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Co-organizing organizations and institutions: Secretary of CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), CFS (The Canadian Forest Service), Tohoku university Ecosystem Adaptability GCOE, Nagoya City University, The National Institute for Environmental Studies, METLA (The Finnish Forest Research Institute), CIFOR(Center for International Forestry Research) The symposium was sponsored by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, whose financial support made it possible for most of the invited speakers to participate in the symposium. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its Member countries. 3 Preface This proceedings is a compilation of papers presented at an International Symposium on "The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agro-forestry, fishery, and forestry". All papers have been peer reviewed anonymously by the qualified scientists. The symposium was organized by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) and the Environmental Research Institute, Waseda University and held between 26 and 28 April 2010 in the Azusa Ono Memorial Hall of Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. The symposium was sponsored by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme (www.oecd.org/agriculture/crp) and an activity of the FFPRI’s special research project. In total, more than 170 participants from various organizations attended the symposium. This symposium has been organized for providing further information to the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD/COP10) which will be held in Nagoya, Japan in October, 2010. One of the objectives of CBD is to harmonize the conservation of bio-diversity with the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity. Recently, it has been recognized that conserving forest ecosystem leads to serve various goods and services to forests and their surrounding environments. In the symposium, we have focused on forest biodiversity and its importance for agriculture, forestry and fishery so that we can increase our understanding on values of forest biodiversity as ecosystem services which are vital to our society. We, scientists, have been accumulating knowledge and information, which are relevant for conserving biodiversity for decades. In FFPRI, we have had a special research project for contributing the success of CBD/COP10. FFPRI and its partner institutions have carried out various studies on conservation of biodiversity in forest ecosystems intensively for last decades. It is a right time to exchange our knowledge and deliver it to the society. Then, we have invited noted scientists who are all on the front line of the world level as the speakers or the organizers of this symposium. During the symposium, the latest research information are delivered by the top scientists and discussed by the scientists and also non-scientists with various backgrounds. I hope that this proceedings as the outputs of the symposium becomes instructive scientific messages for the success of CBD/COP10. I greatly thank to all participants of the symposium, especially to two chairs of the symposium Drs. Ian Thompson and Kimiko Okabe. I also thank to following co-organizing organizations and institutions: Secretary of CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), CFS (The Canadian Forest Service), Tohoku University Ecosystem Adaptability GCOE, Nagoya City University, The National Institute for Environmental Studies, METLA (The Finnish Forest Research Institute), and CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research). Dr. Kazuo Suzuki President, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 4 Contents Preface Ecosystem services provided by forest biodiversity 6 Tohru Nakashizuka A synthesis on the biodiversity-resilience relationship in forest ecosystems 9 Ian Thompson, Brendan Mackey, Steven McNulty, and Alex Mosseler Ensuring food production: native biodiversity provides pollination and biological control services 20 Jason M. Tylianakis Valuation and of ecosystem services: An assessment of conceptual underpinnings 29 Pushpam Kumar Conserving forest biodiversity and ecosystem services to agriculture 36 Kimiko Okabe The role of forests in capturing the ecosystem system service of pest control: a pathway to integrate pest control and biodiversity conservation 43 Nancy A. Schellhorn and Felix J.J.A. Bianchi Importance of diversity in foods and culture for sustainable resource use 50 Hiroyuki Matsuda Restoring biodiversity and forest ecosystem services in degraded tropical landscapes 53 John A. Parrotta Biodiversity of plantation forests and its relevance for ecosystem functioning 62 Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Hervé Jactel, Jean-Michel Carnus, and Steve Pawson Tropical forest management and sustainability issues 71 Robert Nasi Sustainable forest management (SFM) and biological diversity under changing needs of society - an example from the European situation 78 Jari Parviainen 5 How scientists can contribute to the CBD and the post-2010 targets: 86 challenges in raising public awareness and lessons learned from NGO campaigns Ryo Kohsaka Global forest biodiversity targets and the need for scientific monitoring 93 Johannes Stahl and Tim Christophersen The struggle to mitigate negative impacts of invasive alien species in Japan 96 Koichi Goka List of Reviewers The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agro-forestry, fisheries, and forestry: 6-8 (2009)(2010) Ecosystem services provided by forest biodiversity Tohru Nakashizuka Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 908-8578 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract promote conservation and sustainable use of Biological diversity does not always play an important biodiversity are also urgently needed. role for all kinds of ecosystem services. Some The concept of ecosystem services, which was ecosystem services are not strongly associated with best expressed in the Millennium Ecosystem biological diversity, or rather there is a tradeoff Assessment (2005), highlighted the role of ecosystems between biological diversity and a specific ecosystem for human well-being. In this report, four categories of service. For decision making under forest ecosystem services were proposed, with the list of management, it is necessary to have clearer vision of various services under each category. However, it the relationships between ecosystem services and should be noted that all these ecosystem services are biodiversity. Many experimental studies have been not equally associated with biodiversity (Nakashizuka conducted to elucidate the relationships between 2005, Dobson et al. 2006). Biodiversity is typically biodiversity and ecosystem functions for grassland or important and even a small loss of biodiversity may freshwater microcosms, but very limited number of affect the performance of some ecosystem services, studies have been made in forested ecosystems. though not for other services. In this paper, I will Furthermore, although many functions and ecosystem review the relationship between biodiversity and services have been shown to be related to biodiversity ecosystem services referring to the recent papers. by these experimental studies, most have not dealt with very high levels (i.e., species richness or Supporting services interactions) of biodiversity. In general, 1) simple ecosystems composed of a few number species (plants Supporting services are the services that support other or trees) tend to be chosen for maximizing the services as the background functions of the ecosystem, provisioning services, and 2) the effects of such as primary production, nutrient cycling, soil biodiversity on many regulating services are not clear. formation,
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