DOCSLIB.ORG

Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Effects of Maternal Exposure to Oral Bisphenol a in Female Mice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Effects of Maternal Exposure to Oral Bisphenol a in Female Mice L NAULE´ and others Gestational and lactational BPA 220:3 375–388 Research in female mice Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of maternal exposure to oral bisphenol A in female mice Lydie Naule´1,2,3, Marie Picot1,2,3, Mariangela Martini4,5,6, Caroline Parmentier1,2,3, He´le`ne Hardin-Pouzet1,2,3, Matthieu Keller4,5,6, Isabelle Franceschini4,5,6 and Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja1,2,3 1Sorbonne Universite´ s, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR 7224, 2Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´ dicale (INSERM) UMR_S 952 and 3Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7224, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Syste` me Nerveux Central (PMSNC), Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, Correspondence 9 Quai St Bernard Baˆ tB2e` me E´ tage, F75005 Paris, France should be addressed 4Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des to S Mhaouty-Kodja Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France Email 5CNRS UMR 7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France sakina.mhaouty-kodja@ 6Universite´ Franc¸ois Rabelais, F-37000 Tours, France snv.jussieu.fr Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread estrogenic compound. We investigated the effects of Key Words maternal exposure to BPA at reference doses on sexual behavior and neuroendocrine " bisphenol A functions offemale offspring in C57BL/6J mice. The dams were orally exposed to vehicle alone " female mice or vehicle-containing BPA at doses equivalent to the no observed adverse effect level (5 mg/kg " nervous system " Journal of Endocrinology body weight per day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI, 0.05 mg/kg body weight per day) level reproduction from gestational day 15 until weaning. Developmental exposure to BPA increased the lordosis " behaviors quotient in naive females exposed to BPA at the TDI dose only. BPA exposure had no effect on " kisspeptin olfactory preference, ability to express masculine behaviors or number of calbindin-positive cells, a sexually dimorphic population of the preoptic area. BPA at both doses selectively increased kisspeptin cell number in the preoptic periventricular nucleus of the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle in adult females. It did not affect the number of GNRH-positive cells or percentage of kisspeptin appositions on GNRH neurons in the preoptic area. These changes were associated with higher levels of estradiol (E2) at the TDI dose while levels of LH, estrus cyclicity, ovarian and uterine weights, and fertility remained unaffected. Delay in the time of vaginal opening was observed during the postnatal period at TDI dose, without any alteration in body growth. This shows that developmental exposure to BPA at reference doses did not masculinize and defeminize the neural circuitry underlying sexual behavior in female mice. The TDI dose specifically exacerbated responses normally induced by ovarian E2, through estrogen receptor a, during the postnatal/prepubertal period. Journal of Endocrinology (2014) 220, 375–388 Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most abundant endocrine beverages. Environmental and health concerns about disrupters. It is used in epoxy resins and a wide variety of the extensive use of polycarbonate plastic have been raised, polycarbonate containers for the storage of foods and in particular, concerning BPA leaching from plastic. http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org Ñ 2014 Society for Endocrinology Published by Bioscientifica Ltd. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-13-0607 Printed in Great Britain Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 09/27/2021 09:45:02PM via free access Research L NAULE´ and others Gestational and lactational BPA 220:3 376 in female mice Most individuals in industrialized nations are exposed to sexual behavior in female mice. The studies investigating BPA contamination (Calafat et al. 2005, Vandenberg et al. the effects of BPA on reproductive physiology report 2007). BPA remains widely used in industry despite some various effects on vaginal opening, fertility, and the estrus countries recently banning the use of polycarbonate in cycle. Exposure to BPA during prenatal or postnatal life the production of baby bottles. Known for its estrogenic resulted in advanced- (Honma et al. 2002, Nikaido et al. activity, BPA binds to estrogen receptors (ERs) with a lower 2004, Nah et al. 2011), delayed- (Nikaido et al. 2005), or affinity than that of estradiol (E2)(Dodds & Lawson 1936) unaffected- (Howdeshell et al. 1999, Tyl et al. 2008) vaginal and acts as a partial agonist (Delfosse et al. 2012). opening. Fertility was either reduced or unaltered in The sexual differentiation of reproductive behavior females exposed to BPA (Honma et al. 2002, Tyl et al. and neuroendocrine function in rodents occurs during 2008, Cabaton et al. 2011). Irregular (Honma et al. 2002, the perinatal (late gestational and early neonatal) and Nikaido et al. 2004) or normal estrus cycles (Tyl et al. 2008) postnatal periods. This process is tightly regulated by have been described for BPA-exposed females. This gonadal hormones and is therefore highly sensitive to diversity in effects could be related to factors including hormonal changes or exposure to exogenous factors differences in mouse strains, BPA dose, and time of exhibiting hormone-mimetic activities. exposure. At the neuroanatomical level, only one study In males, testosterone liberated from fetal and reported increased levels of Kiss1 and Gnrh mRNAs after neonatal testes permanently potentiates male (masculini- exposure to high doses of oral BPA (Xi et al. 2011). These zation) and inhibits female (defeminization) behavioral genes code for kisspeptin and GNRH, two important and neuroanatomical characteristics (Phoenix et al. 1959, neuropeptides for the central regulation of reproductive Morris et al. 2004). The organizational effects of testoster- function throughout life and known targets of a variety of one result in the adult expression of male-typical behaviors estrogeno-mimetic endocrine disruptors (Gore 2010, (such as preference for a receptive female, mounts and Tena-Sempere 2010, Franceschini & Desroziers 2013). thrusts) and an inability to adopt the female posture Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of BPA (lordosis), which is triggered by male mounts. Testosterone exposure on sexual differentiation of copulatory behavior also acts perinatally to suppress the neuroanatomical and reproductive physiology, as well as to investigate the characteristics required for sex steroids to induce the neuronal populations involved in the regulation of these ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) during responses in female mice. Indeed, documenting oral BPA adulthood (Corbier 1985, Homma et al. 2009). Sex steroids exposure in mice is of great interest because transgenic Journal of Endocrinology regulate gonadotropin release through an inhibitory or mice could be used to unravel the molecular mechanisms stimulatory feedback effect. Both male and female rodents underlying BPA effects. Female C57BL/6J strain mice, respond to negative feedback, but only females respond to widely used in reproductive and transgenic studies, were positive feedback. Testosterone effects are mainly induced thus studied following maternal exposure during the by E2, which is derived from neural aromatization of critical developmental periods for brain sexual differen- testosterone by aromatase cytochrome P450. tiation. BPA was orally administered to dams at the two In females, the ovaries are initially inactive, and selective dose levels set by the European Food Safety Agency and US binding of a-fetoprotein to maternal- and male sibling- Environmental Protection Agency as protective measures: derived E2 protects the perinatal brain from its masculinizing the ‘no observed adverse effect level’ (NOAEL) and the ‘100- effects (Bakker et al.2006). Significant levels of E2 are liberated fold lower tolerable daily intake’ (TDI) dose. This mimicked from the ovaries around postnatal day 7. Ovarian liberation the major route of contamination for animals and humans. of E2 between postnatal days 15 and 25 is important for a full The levels of environmental exposure to BPA could expression of female sexual behavior during adulthood actually be similar to the TDI dose (Vom Saal et al. 2007). (Bakker et al. 2002, Brock et al.2011), suggesting that this prepubertal period is also an important time window for the differentiation of female reproductive behaviors. Materials and methods BPA does not bind to a-fetoprotein (Milligan et al. Animals 1998) and could therefore act in the female brain to masculinize reproductive behaviors and functions during C57BL/6J mice, purchased from Janvier (Le Genest, the perinatal period. It could also interfere with E2 effects France), were group housed under a controlled photo- during the prepubertal period. No studies, to our knowl- period (12 h light:12 h darkness cycle – lights on at edge, have explored the effects of BPA exposure on the 0700 h), maintained at 22 8C, and fed with a standard http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org Ñ 2014 Society for Endocrinology Published by Bioscientifica Ltd. DOI: 10.1530/JOE-13-0607 Printed in Great Britain Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 09/27/2021 09:45:02PM via free access Research L NAULE´ and others Gestational and lactational BPA 220:3 377 in female mice diet with free access to food and water. Estrus females were Body length (nose to base of tail) and anogenital caged with males overnight, and successful mating was distance were measured. The ovaries and uterine horns of determined by the presence of a vaginal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Vitamin C on Bisphenol a Induced Hepato& Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats
    Haroun et al. 57 EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON BISPHENOL A INDUCED HEPATO& NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS Marcelle R. Haroun,M.D.*, Ibrahim S. Zamzam, M.D.*,Eslam S. Metwally, M.D.*, and Rabab Sh. EL-Shafey, M.S.C. * *Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The exposure of humans to that substance starts early during the fetal life. Many agencies raised warnings against the excessive use of such substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress effect of BPA on liver and kidney of albino rats, and whether co-administration of vitamin C can ameliorate this oxidative damage. Albino rats were divided into six groups: -ve control group,+ve control group,vitamin C (60mglkg) treated group, BPA treated group, BPA+ high dose of vitamin C (60mglkg) treated group, and BPA+ low dose of vitamin C (5.5mglkg) treated group The oxidative stress arising from BPA was evaluated in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, serum creatinine, uric acid levels, (AST) and (ALT) activities as markers of kidney and liver function were measured. Biochemical analysis revealed significant reduction in activities of enzymatic antioxidants in BPA treated group and BPA + vitamin C treated groups in high & low doses as compared to control group. In addition, there were significant increase in AST, ALT, uric acid, and creatinine levels in BPA treated group and reduction in their concentrations BPA + vitamin C treated groups in high & low doses as compared to control group.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides Reduce Symbiotic Efficiency of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobia and Host Plants
    Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and host plants Jennifer E. Fox*†, Jay Gulledge‡, Erika Engelhaupt§, Matthew E. Burow†¶, and John A. McLachlan†ʈ *Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, 335 Pacific Hall, Eugene, OR 97403; †Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699; ‡Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 ; §University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; and ¶Department of Medicine and Surgery, Hematology and Medical Oncology Section, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699 Edited by Christopher B. Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, and approved May 8, 2007 (received for review January 8, 2007) Unprecedented agricultural intensification and increased crop by plants, in rotation with non-N-fixing crops (8, 15). The yield will be necessary to feed the burgeoning world population, effectiveness of this strategy relies on maximizing symbiotic N whose global food demand is projected to double in the next 50 fixation (SNF) and plant yield to resupply organic and inorganic years. Although grain production has doubled in the past four N and nutrients to the soil. The vast majority of biologically fixed decades, largely because of the widespread use of synthetic N is attributable to symbioses between leguminous plants (soy- nitrogenous fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation promoted by the bean, alfalfa, etc.) and species of Rhizobium bacteria; replacing ‘‘Green Revolution,’’ this rate of increased agricultural output is this natural fertilizer source with synthetic N fertilizer would cost unsustainable because of declining crop yields and environmental Ϸ$10 billion annually (16, 17).
    [Show full text]
  • In Vivo Exposure to Bisphenol-A Altered the Reproductive Functionality in Male Coturnix Coturnix Japonica
    In Vivo Exposure to Bisphenol-A Altered the Reproductive Functionality in Male Coturnix Coturnix Japonica SUTHAN PERMUAL Central Avian Research Institute GAUTHAM KOLLURI ( [email protected] ) Central Avian Research Institute JAG MOHAN Central Avian Research Institute RAM SINGH Salim Ali Center for Ornithology and Natural History JAGBIR TYAGI Central Avian Research Institute Research Article Keywords: Bisphenol-A, quails, sperm quality, fertility Posted Date: December 21st, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-124102/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/21 Abstract Bisphenol-A, is one of the most characterized endocrine disruptors on the reproductive functions in humans and animals. We have previously reported in vitro and in vivo effects of bisphenol-A on functional role of sperm in chicken. Here, the effects of 1 and 5 mg/kg bisphenol-A daily administered by gavage for 3 wk to adult male Japanese quails on reproductive functionality was investigated. Cloacal index and foam frequency were greatly reduced at high dose. Sperm quality attributes were affected at both doses. Sperm quality attributes were affected at both doses. Alkaline phosphatase showed most signicant reduction among seminal enzymes. Dose dependent response (P < 0.01) of bisphenol-A was noticed with modulating testosterone concentrations at low and high doses. Disturbances regarding fertility and hatchability traits were prominent in high and low dose groups. The current study conrms the compromising actions of bisphenol-A on reproductive success in male Japanese quails at lower doses that are considered to be safe (50 mg/kg BW/d) under in vivo exposure module.
    [Show full text]
  • Fighting Bisphenol A-Induced Male Infertility: the Power of Antioxidants
    antioxidants Review Fighting Bisphenol A-Induced Male Infertility: The Power of Antioxidants Joana Santiago 1 , Joana V. Silva 1,2,3 , Manuel A. S. Santos 1 and Margarida Fardilha 1,* 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (J.V.S.); [email protected] (M.A.S.S.) 2 Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 3 Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234-247-240 Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor present in epoxy resins and poly- carbonate plastics, negatively disturbs the male reproductive system affecting male fertility. In vivo studies showed that BPA exposure has deleterious effects on spermatogenesis by disturbing the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and inducing oxidative stress in testis. This compound seems to disrupt hormone signalling even at low concentrations, modifying the levels of inhibin B, oestra- diol, and testosterone. The adverse effects on seminal parameters are mainly supported by studies based on urinary BPA concentration, showing a negative association between BPA levels and sperm concentration, motility, and sperm DNA damage. Recent studies explored potential approaches to treat or prevent BPA-induced testicular toxicity and male infertility. Since the effect of BPA on testicular cells and spermatozoa is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, most of the pharmacological approaches are based on the use of natural or synthetic antioxidants.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Profile for Bisphenol A
    TT TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR BISPHENOL A September 2009 Integrated Risk Assessment Branch Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Toxicological Profile for Bisphenol A September 2009 Prepared by Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Prepared for Ocean Protection Council Under an Interagency Agreement, Number 07-055, with the State Coastal Conservancy LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Authors Jim Carlisle, D.V.M., Ph.D., Senior Toxicologist, Integrated Risk Assessment Branch Dave Chan, D. Env., Staff Toxicologist, Integrated Risk Assessment Branch Mari Golub, Ph.D., Staff Toxicologist, Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch Sarah Henkel, Ph.D., California Sea Grant Fellow, California Ocean Science Trust Page Painter, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Toxicologist, Integrated Risk Assessment Branch K. Lily Wu, Ph.D., Associate Toxicologist, Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch Reviewers David Siegel, Ph.D., Chief, Integrated Risk Assessment Branch i Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ iv Use and Exposure ............................................................................................................................... iv Environmental Occurrence ................................................................................................................. iv Effects on Aquatic Life ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Evaluation of Bisphenol a and Its Analogues Bisfenol a Ve Analoglarının Toksikolojik Değerlendirilmesi
    Turk J Pharm Sci 2020;17(4):457-462 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.58219 REVIEW Toxicological Evaluation of Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Bisfenol A ve Analoglarının Toksikolojik Değerlendirilmesi İrem İYİGÜNDOĞDU1, Aylin ÜSTÜNDAĞ2*, Yalçın DUYDU2 1Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey 2Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT Bisphenol A (BPA) is known as one of the oldest synthetic compounds with endocrine disrupting activity. It is commonly used in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonates, dental fillings, food storage containers, baby bottles, and water containers. BPA is associated with various health problems such as obesity, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, behavior disorders, breast cancer, tooth development disorders, and reproductive disorders. Increasing health concerns have led the industry to seek alternatives to BPA. As BPA is now being excluded from several consumer products, the use of alternative compounds is increasing. However, the chemicals used to replace BPA are also BP analogues and may have similar or higher toxicological effects on organisms. The aim of this review is to focus on the toxicological profiles of different BP analogues (i.e. BPS and BPF) which are increasingly used today as alternative to BPA. Key words: Bisphenols, bisphenol A, endocrine disruptor, bisphenol S, bisphenol F ÖZ Bisfenol A (BPA) endokrin aktiviteye sahip bilinen en eski bileşiklerden biridir. BPA epoksi reçineler, polikarbonatlar, diş dolguları, yemek saklama kapları, bebek biberonları ve su bidonlarının üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. BPA obezite, diyabet, kronik solunum hastalıkları, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, renal hastalıklar, davranış bozuklukları, meme kanseri, diş gelişimi bozuklukları ve üreme bozuklukları gibi çeşitli sağlık sorunlarıyla ilişkilendirilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fates of Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products: Bisphenol A
    The Fates of Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products: Bisphenol A Prepared by Dr. Matthew A. DeNardo for the One Health One Planet Conference on March 8, 2018 at Phipps Conservatory The Fates of Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products: Bisphenol A Prepared by Dr. Matthew A. DeNardo for the One Health One Planet Conference on March 8, 2017 at Phipps Conservatory The Fates of Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products: Bisphenol A Prepared by Dr. Matthew A. DeNardo for the One Health One Planet Conference on March 8, 2017 at Phipps Conservatory A multidisciplinary investigation of the technical and environmental performances of TAML/peroxide elimination of Bisphenol A compounds from water. Green Chemistry doi:10.1039/C7GC01415E The Fates of Endocrine Disruptors in Consumer Products: Bisphenol A Prepared by Dr. Matthew A. DeNardo for the One Health One Planet Conference on March 8, 2017 at Phipps Conservatory HO OH Bisphenol A HO OH Phenol Bisphenol A HO OH Phenol Phenol Bisphenol A A HO OH Phenol Phenol Bisphenol A A HO OH Phenol Phenol Bisphenol A + O H 1 + 2 + H2O HO Δ HO OH Acetone Phenol Bisphenol A Water A HO OH Phenol Phenol Bisphenol A + O H 1 + 2 + H2O HO Δ HO OH Acetone Phenol Bisphenol A Water + A HO OH Phenol Phenol Bisphenol A + O H 1 + 2 + H2O HO Δ HO OH Acetone Phenol Bisphenol A Water + Bhandari 2015 HO OH Bisphenol A HO OH Bisphenol A HO OH Bisphenol A HO OH Bisphenol A O NaOH Cl Cl (Sodium (Phosgene) HO Hydroxide) o H2O, 25 C Bisphenol A OH O Cl O O Cl NaOH (Phosgene) O O O O (Sodium o C Hydroxide)O, 25 Bisphenol A Polycarbonate
    [Show full text]
  • Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Breast Cancer
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Risk of Breast Cancer Louisane Eve 1,2,3,4,Béatrice Fervers 5,6, Muriel Le Romancer 2,3,4,* and Nelly Etienne-Selloum 1,7,8,* 1 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; [email protected] 2 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France 3 Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France 4 CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France 5 Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Léon-Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France; [email protected] 6 Inserm UA08, Radiations, Défense, Santé, Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France 7 Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, F-67000 Strasbourg, France 8 CNRS UMR7021/Unistra, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.L.R.); [email protected] (N.E.-S.); Tel.: +33-4-(78)-78-28-22 (M.L.R.); +33-3-(68)-85-43-28 (N.E.-S.) Received: 27 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 30 November 2020 Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and the fifth deadliest in the world. Exposure to endocrine disrupting pollutants has been suggested to contribute to the increase in disease incidence. Indeed, a growing number of researchershave investigated the effects of widely used environmental chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties on BC development in experimental (in vitro and animal models) and epidemiological studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex-Dependent Dysregulation of Human Neutrophil Responses by Bisphenol A
    Ratajczak-Wrona et al. Environmental Health (2021) 20:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00686-8 RESEARCH Open Access Sex-dependent dysregulation of human neutrophil responses by bisphenol A Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona1* , Marzena Garley1 , Malgorzata Rusak2 , Karolina Nowak1 , Jan Czerniecki3 , Katarzyna Wolosewicz1 , Milena Dabrowska2 , Slawomir Wolczynski3,4 , Piotr Radziwon5 and Ewa Jablonska1 Abstract Background: In the present study, we aimed to investigate selected functions of human neutrophils exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) under in vitro conditions. As BPA is classified among xenoestrogens, we compared its action and effects with those of 17β-estradiol (E2). Methods: Chemotaxis of neutrophils was examined using the Boyden chamber. Their phagocytosis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity were assessed via Park’s method with latex beads and Park’s test with nitroblue tetrazolium. To assess the total concentration of nitric oxide (NO), the Griess reaction was utilized. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was analyzed using a microscope (IN Cell Analyzer 2200 system). Expression of the investigated proteins was determined using Western blot. Results: The analysis of results obtained for both sexes demonstrated that after exposure to BPA, the chemotactic capacity of neutrophils was reduced. In the presence of BPA, the phagocytic activity was found to be elevated in the cells obtained from women and reduced in the cells from men. Following exposure to BPA, the percentage of neutrophils with CD14 and CD284 (TLR4) expression, as well as the percentage of cells forming NETs, was increased in the cells from both sexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain
    foods Article Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros 1,†, Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz 2, Lourdes Rodrigo 3, Margarita Aguilera 4,† , Ana Rivas 1,*,† and Alberto Zafra-Gómez 2,† 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (I.M.-R.); [email protected] (A.Z.-G.) 3 Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-958-242-841; Fax: +34-958-249-577 † The authors belong to Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs-Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain. Abstract: Given the widespread use of bisphenols and parabens in consumer products, the assess- ment of their intake is crucial and represents the first step towards the assessment of the potential risks that these compounds may pose to human health. In the present study, a total of 98 samples of food items commonly consumed by the Spanish population were collected from different national supermarkets and grocery stores for the determination of parabens and bisphenols. Our analysis demonstrated that 56 of the 98 food samples contained detectable levels of parabens with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.4 and 0.9 ng g−1. The total concentration of parabens (sum of four parabens: parabens) ranged from below the LOQ to 281.7 ng g−1, with a mean value of 73.86 ng g−1.
    [Show full text]
  • MORPHOLOGICAL, CELLULAR, and MOLECULAR EFFECTS of BISPHENOL a (BPA) and BISPHENOL ALTERNATIVES in the MOUSE MAMMARY GLAND Deirdr
    MORPHOLOGICAL, CELLULAR, AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF BISPHENOL A (BPA) AND BISPHENOL ALTERNATIVES IN THE MOUSE MAMMARY GLAND Deirdre K. Tucker A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum of Toxicology in the School of Medicine. Chapel Hill 2017 Approved by: William Coleman Suzanne Fenton Charles Perou Lola Reid John Rogers ©2017 Deirdre K. Tucker ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Deirdre K. Tucker: Morphological, cellular, and molecular effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol alternatives in the mouse mammary gland (Under the direction of Suzanne E. Fenton) Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used in manufacturing of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics that are in many consumer products, including canned foods, plastic bottles, and water supply pipes, thus increasing human exposure. The effects of early life exposure to BPA have been extensively documented in several tissues of multiple species. Animal studies have been critical in identifying morphological and transcriptional changes in the mammary gland, at human relevant BPA exposures (≤0.05 µg/kg bw/d). These studies have prompted increasing public concerns surrounding the use of BPA in consumer products and have warranted the implementation of alternative analogues, including the fluorinated and sulfonated derivatives, BPAF and BPS. Estrogenicity screenings of these analogues have revealed either enhanced or comparable properties to BPA, indicating their endocrine potential which may impact the mammary gland. This research investigates the potential effects of early life exposure to the bisphenol analogues, BPAF, BPS, and BPA on pubertal development and adult mammary gland alterations, as well as cellular and molecular pathways that are associated with these changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Prescription for Drug Alternatives All-Natural Options for Better Health Without the Side Effects
    ffirs.qxp 7/28/08 7:15 PM Page i Prescription for Drug Alternatives All-Natural Options for Better Health without the Side Effects JAMES F. BALCH, M.D. MARK STENGLER, N.D. ROBIN YOUNG BALCH, N.D. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. flast.qxp 7/28/08 7:16 PM Page viii ffirs.qxp 7/28/08 7:15 PM Page i Prescription for Drug Alternatives All-Natural Options for Better Health without the Side Effects JAMES F. BALCH, M.D. MARK STENGLER, N.D. ROBIN YOUNG BALCH, N.D. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.qxp 7/28/08 7:15 PM Page ii Copyright © 2008 by J&R Balch, Inc., and Stenglervision, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scan- ning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authoriza- tion through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permissions.
    [Show full text]