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WARTAZOA Buletin Ilmu Peternakan Dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia WARTAZOA Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia Volume 26 Nomor 4 Tahun 2016 ISSN 0216-6461 e-ISSN 2354-6832 Terakreditasi LIPI Sertifikat Nomor 644/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/07/2015 (SK Kepala LIPI No. 818/E/2015) Diterbitkan oleh: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian bekerjasama dengan Ikatan Sarjana Peternakan Indonesia Penanggung Jawab: Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Dewan Penyunting: Ketua: Dr. Elizabeth Wina, MSc. (Peneliti Utama – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Pakan dan Nutrisi Ternak) Wakil Ketua: Drh. Rini Damayanti, MSc. (Peneliti Madya – Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner – Patologi dan Toksikologi) Anggota: Prof. (Riset) Dr. Ir. Budi Haryanto, MSc. (Peneliti Utama – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Pakan dan Nutrisi Ternak) Dr. Ir. Chalid Talib, MSc. (Peneliti Utama – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Pemuliaan dan Genetika Ternak) Dr. Ir. Atien Priyanti SP, MSc. (Peneliti Utama – Puslitbangnak – Ekonomi Pertanian) Dr. Drh. NLP Indi Dharmayanti, MSi. (Peneliti Utama– Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner – Virologi) Drh. Indrawati Sendow, MSc. (Peneliti Utama – Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner – Virologi) Dr. Nurhayati (Peneliti Madya – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Budidaya Tanaman) Ir. Tati Herawati, MAgr. (Peneliti Madya – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Sistem Usaha Pertanian) Dr. Wisri Puastuti, SPt., MSi. (Peneliti Madya – Balai Penelitian Ternak – Pakan dan Nutrisi Ternak) Dr. Drh. Eny Martindah, MSc. (Peneliti Madya – Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner – Parasitologi dan Epidemiologi) Mitra Bestari: Prof. (Riset) Dr. Ir. Tjeppy D Soedjana, MSc. (Puslitbangnak – Ekonomi Pertanian) Prof. Dr. Edy Rianto, MSc. (Universitas Diponegoro – Ilmu Ternak Potong dan Kerja) Prof. Dr. Gono Semiadi (LIPI – Pengelolaan Satwa Liar) Dr. Agr. Asep Anang, MPhil. (Universitas Padjadjaran – Pemuliaan Ternak) Penyunting Pelaksana: Linda Yunia, SE Pringgo Pandu Kusumo, AMd. Irfan R Hidayat, SPt. Alamat: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Jalan Raya Pajajaran Kav. E-59, Bogor 16128 – Indonesia Telepon (0251) 8322185; Faksimile (0251) 8380588 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: http://medpub.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/wartazoa Wartazoa diterbitkan empat kali dalam setahun pada bulan Maret, Juni, September dan Desember KATA PENGANTAR Akhir-akhir ini, penyakit sering terjadi di daerah tropis sebagai akibat dari berbagai aktivitas manusia yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan pola zoonotik. Penyakit zoonosis dapat menyerang ternak dan manusia sehingga penyakit ini dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan perekonomian suatu negara. Salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh virus Arbo sering terjadi khususnya di negara beriklim tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan perekonomian, karena angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Penyakit ini tidak akan muncul tanpa peran vektor. Oleh sebab itu, untuk mencegah meningkatnya kejadian penyakit zoonosis virus Arbo dapat dilakukan melalui pengendalian vektor. Selain penyakit dan vektor yang harus diperhatikan untuk pengendaliannya, produktivitas kambing dapat dikembangkan dalam suatu integrasi kakao-kambing. Dalam integrasi ini, pengembangan bioindustri pakan dan pupuk organik yang keberlanjutan dapat memperbaiki produktivitas kakao dan kambing serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Populasi kambing potong dan perah di Indonesia tahun 2015 adalah sekitar 19,01 juta ekor. Usaha kambing perah semakin berkembang karena susu kambing mulai diminati sebagai tambahan gizi maupun obat alternatif kesehatan manusia. Upaya diversifikasi susu kambing segar menjadi produk susu olahan adalah langkah yang tepat untuk menghilangkan bau susu kambing dan meningkatkan nilai tambah produk susu olahan. Proses pengolahan daging sebagai produksi pangan berstandar pangan organik melarang NaNO2 karena memiliki efek negatif terhadap kesehatan dan keamanan pangan. Agen kyuring alami berupa nitrat dari sumber alami, kultur starter pereduksi nitrat menjadi nitrit, akselerator berupa reduktan dan acidulant dari sumber alami atau organik merupakan bahan yang digunakan pada pangan organik. Usaha ayam lokal untuk tujuan produksi telur maupun daging dinyatakan mampu memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang layak bagi pelakunya meliputi pembibit, peternak pembudidaya, pedagang keliling, pedagang pengepul, pedagang grosir dan pedagang eceran. Penguatan kelembagaan setara koperasi yang bergerak pada kegiatan subsistem hulu dan hilir dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Dukungan pemerintah diperlukan sebagai penggerak dan pembina agribisnis ayam lokal. Dewan penyunting menyampaikan terima kasih kepada para penulis, mitra bestari dan semua yang terlibat dalam publikasi ini. Bogor, Desember 2016 Ketua Dewan Penyunting WARTAZOA Buletin Ilmu Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Indonesia Volume 26 Nomor 4 (Desember 2016) ISSN 0216-6461 e-ISSN 2354-6832 DAFTAR ISI Halaman Pengendalian Vektor pada Penyakit Zoonotik Virus Arbo di Indonesia (Vector Control of Zoonotic Arbovirus Disease in Indonesia) Fitrine Ekawasti dan E Martindah ............................................................................................. 151-162 Pengembangan Bioindustri Pakan dan Pupuk Organik Berbasis Integrasi Kakao-Kambing (Development of Feed and Organic Fertilizer Bioindustry Based on Cocoa-Goat Integration) Gunawan dan C Talib …………................................................................................................ 163-172 Diversifikasi Produk Pengolahan Susu Guna Meningkatkan Keuntungan Usaha Kambing Perah (Milk Products Diversification to Increase Profit of Dairy Goat Farming) Sumanto ..................................................................................................................................... 173-182 Pemanfaatan Kyuring Alami pada Produk Daging Sapi (The Use of Natural Curing on Beef Products) Eko Saputro ............................................................................................................................... 183-190 Dinamika Kinerja Agribisnis Ayam Lokal di Indonesia (Dynamics Performance of Native Chicken Agribusiness in Indonesia) Broto Wibowo ........................................................................................................................... 191-202 WARTAZOA ISSN 0216-6461 Date of issue 2016-12-31 The descriptors given are key words. These abstract sheets may be reproduced without permission or charge UDC 633.2 UDC 619 Purwantari ND (IRIAP, Bogor) Sendow I (IRCVS, Bogor) Revitalization of Forage Seed Production in Indonesia (Orig. Ind.) Dharmayanti NLPI (IRCVS, Bogor) Wartazoa March 2016, Vol. 26 No. 1, p. 1-8 Saepullah M (IRCVS, Bogor) Forage plant has multipurposes as feed, cover crop, erosion Adjid RMA (IRCVS, Bogor) control, remediation on heavy metal contaminated soil, medicine, as Hantavirus Infection: Anticipation of Zoonotic Disease in Indonesia well as textile and food coloring. Seed is a part of plant used for (Orig. Ind.) plant multiplication. National seed system covers germplasm Wartazoa March 2016, Vol. 26 No. 1, p. 17-26 management, breeding, seed production and its distribution. Recently, the evidence of Hantavirus infection in human and Therefore, forage seed production is an important aspect to be animals is increasing, and new Hantavirus strain has been concerned. Forage seed production system has to produce high identified. The disease causes clinical renal and lung disorders and quality seed with optimum yield. There has not been any forage fatal to human. The presence of new Hantavirus strain, lack of seed producer which ensures the quality of seed produced in available quick and accurate diagnostic tool, asymptomatic clinical accordance to seed certification requirement as those in food crop, signs and paucity of disease information, will inhibit disease control horticulture or estate crop. Seed quality aspect covers genetic, especially in the developing countries. The paper describes physiology and physical quality. Seed stock certification is to Hantavirus disease and its epidemiology in developed and guarantee that the distributed seeds have genetic identity, pure and developing countries, including Indonesia and its recommendation high quality. for disease prevention and control. (Author) (Author) Key words: Hantavirus, zoonosis, rodents, epidemiology Key words: Forage, seed, production, certification UDC 633.3 UDC 619 Rofiq MN (BPPT, Serpong) Hewajuli DA (IRCVS, Bogor) The Use of Plant Essential Oils as Feed Additives for Ruminants Dharmayanti NLPI (IRCVS, Bogor) (Orig. Eng.) Cytokines Disregulation in Birds and Mammals Infected by Avian Wartazoa March 2016, Vol. 26 No. 1, p. 9-16 Influenza Virus (Orig. Ind.) Public awareness of health risk and environmental problem Wartazoa March 2016, Vol. 26 No. 1, p. 27-38 caused by unappropriate use of antibiotics and hormones resulted in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus causes prohibition of antibiotics in feed since 2003 in European Union. severe dysfunction in nervous system lead to mortality in birds and The regulation stated that ruminant feed additives should not have mammals. The innate immunity plays an important role as initial an adverse effect on animal health, human health and environment. barrier against the infection that stimulated by recognition of Plant essential oils are recommended for animal feed additive pathogens through Toll like Receptor (TLR). Toll like Receptor because of their antimicrobial effects. The major bioactive activates Nuclear
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