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Century Socio-Religious 19Reform Movements

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Century Socio-Religious 19Reform Movements TH CENTURY SOCIO-RELIGIOUS 19REFORM MOVEMENTS Bengal Debendranath Brahmo Samaj 1830 Calcua Raja Ram Mohan Roy Tattvabodhini Sabha 1839 Tagore Later the Brahmo Samaj split in 1866 into Adi Brahmo Samaj and Brahmo started Taavabodhini Patrika(1839) to propagate his ideas;Tavabodhini Samaj of India and finally into 'Church of the New Dispensaon' and Press(1843) Sadharan Brahmo Samaj in 1878 To carry on Rammohan's ideals independent of the Samaj;aimed at counter- acng the rapid progress of Chrisanity and advocated the devt of Vedansm Had estd the Atmiya Sabha (1814);Brahmo Sabha(1828);estd 'Trust Deed' ;emphasized on indigenous language and culture (1830) which explained the object of the Samaj;denied the divinity of Christ; iniated public agitaon on polical quesons; Wrote Tuhafat-ul-Muwahidin (1809);was an Internaonalist, liberal and democrac in orientaon; started Paramhans Mandali 1849 Bombay public agitaon on polical quesons.To purify Hinduism and preach mono- Dadoba Panderang Tarkhadkar theism; condemned idolatry, caste system and religious rituals; fought against Outlined his doctrines in 'Dharma Vivechan',1848 ;President-Ram Bal Krishna Sa, polygamy and concubinage; fought for inheritance and property rights Jayakar for women Was re-organised under the name of Prarthana Samaj in 1867 under the guidance of K.C Sen; Did credible work in the field of social and educaonal fields Was a radical socio-religious society that met secretly; unwilling to challenge Hindu orthodoxy; First reform organizaon in Maharashtra; Aimed to demolish Manav Dharma Sabha 1844 Surat caste disncons; polytheism, Brahmanical monopoly of knowledge, organized Durgaram Manchharam, Dadoba Panderang, Dinmani Shankar, iniaon ceremony wherein a new recruit had to eat a slice of bread baked by a Chrisan and drink water at the hands of a Muslim Dalpatram Bhagubai & Damodar Das. Cricised corrupons in the contemporary society, challenged magicians and reciters of incantaons to demonstrate their skills, cricized caste. Vidhava Vivah Uttejaka Mandal 1865 Maharashtra Vishnu Parusuram Shastri Pandit Arya Samaj 1875 Bombay Swami Dayanand Advocated widow re-marriage; himself married a widow in 1875 Later split into Gurukul later headquarters Saraswa secon and College secon was shied to Lahore Gave the call 'Back to the Vedas; Wrote 3 books: Satyartha Prakash (Hindi), Rajahmundary Social Reform Association Veda Bhashya Bhumika (Hindi& Sanskrit & Veda Bhashya (Sanskrit); Believed in the Fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of Man; His polical slogan was 1878 Andhra Pradesh Kandukuri Viresalingam Pantulu 'India for Indians'. Emphasized on the promoon of widow remarriage Against Idolatry, polytheism, rituals, priesthood, animal sacrifices, child marriages, caste system. Encouraged inter-caste marriages and widow remarriage,favoured spread of western sciences and undertook social Dharma Sabha 1830 Calcua Radha Kant Deb services during natural calamies; Accepted the doctrine of Karma and Stood for socio-religious status-quo; campaigned against abolion of sa rejected the theory of Niya(Desny) Veda Samaj 1864 Madras Sridharalu Naidu Ramakrishna Mission 1896 Belur Swami (near Calcua) Vivekananda Founded under the influence of K.C Sen's visit to Madras) The agenda of K.C Sen was their agenda; turned into Brahmo Samaj of South Pubd 2 papers: Prabudha Bharat-English Monthly & Udbodhana-Bengali India in 1871 by Sridharalu Naidu fortnightly. He estd the Ramakrishna Math (1897) to spread the message of Vedanta. It was a charitable society; To propagate the teachings of Ramakrishna Widow Marriage Association Bombay Paramahansa ie, the universal message of Vedanta; opposed untouchability 1861 and caste system; Vishnu Shastri Pandit & M.G.Ranade To promote widow marriages, against child marriages, shaving of widows heads, heavy cost of marriages etc Theosophical Society 1875 New York Later Adyar near Madame H.P Blavatsky & Colonel H.S Olco Chennai in 1882 Bombay Presidency Social Reform Association Later Annie Besant joined it; Annie founded the Central Hindu College at Benaras(1898)which later developed into the Benaras Hindu University(1916) 1903 Bombay M.G.Ranade ;she translated the Bhagwat Gita in which she put emphasis on occulsm than To fight against social evils like sa, child marriage, female infancide etc spiritualism To promote the study of ancient religions and philosophies such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Zoroastrianism; To make a systemac invesgaon into the Bhil Seva Mandal 1922 Gujarat mysc potencies of life and maer called Occulsm; accepted the Hindu beliefs Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar or Thakkar Bapa in re-incarnaon, Karma and drew inspiraon from Upanishads,Samkhya,Yoga Worked for the upliment of tribals and harijans and Vedanta to promote universal brotherhood. Wahabi Movement 1821 Patna Syed Ahmed of Young Bengal Movement 1820's-1830's Calcua Religious in form but polical in content Raibareily Henry Vivian Derozio Syed Ahmed of Raibareilywas influenced by the teachings of the Delhi saint He promoted a radical and crical outlook among his students; His followers Shah Walliullah called Derozians/Young Bengal were fiery patriots; aacked old and decadent Aimed at reformaon of religious life of the Muslims and restoraon of polical customs and tradions; advocated women's rights and demanded educaon power of the Muslim community; Was a kind of Holy War; inially an-Sikh later for them an-Brish; suppressed by the Brish in the 1870's Ahmedia/Qadiani Movement 1889 Farazi Movement 1847 Faridpur(E.Bengal) (Split in 1914 into Quadiyani and Lahori) Mirza Ghulam Ahmed Dadu Mian or Haji Sharitullah Qadiyan(Gurdaspur,Punjab) Advocated equality of mankind and emphasized that earth belonged to god Reforming Islam; Defend it against Chrisan missionaries and Arya Samajis; and man didn't have power to levy tax Gave religious recognion to modern Industrial and technological progress; Was the protest of the peasants against the zamindars,govt officials and Brish strictly apolical; was conservave in social morals. Indigo planters; was religious in form but polcal in content;emphasised reforms in Muslim pracces; suspended Friday and Id prayers considering India under the Brish as Dar-ul-harb;led to introducon of new clothes in order to disnguish the Muslims from the Hindus Aligarh Movement 1860's Aligarh,UP Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan Taayuni Movement 1839 Dacca Karama Ali Wrote 'The Loyal Muhammadans of India(1860);Founded 'Scienfic Society Jaunpuri Inspired by religious thought of Shah-wali-ullah (1864);Pubd 'Tahzib-al-Akhlaq(1870);Estd 'Anglo-Mohammadan Oriental College, Aligarh(1875);Estd 'Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental Educaon Confe- Was opposed to the Faraizis;supported Brish rule; rejected the introducon rence(1886);Founded 'Indian United Patrioc Associaon'& 'Muhammadan of new things in Islam. Anglo-Oriental Defence Asociaon(1890);was knighted in 1888 Ahl-i-Quran Late 19th c Punjab Maulvi Abdullah Based on the liberal interpretaon of the Koran; aimed at spreading western (People of Quran) Chakralavi and scienfic educaon among the Muslim masses; his interpretaon of Islam Aimed at preaching the teachings of Koran as the ulmate authority on Islam emphasized the validity of free enquiry and similaries between Koranic revelaon and the laws of nature discovered by modern science; programmes for reform were educaonal, religious and polical Pagal Panthi Movement Late 18th c Bengal Karam Shah and Tipu Shah Was a semi-religious sect; took up the cause of tenants against the oppression of zamindars Nadwah-ul-ulama 1894 Lucknow Maulana Shibli Numani Recasng Muslim educaon, Developing religious sciences, reforming Muslim Ahrar Movement 1890 Punjab morals and end theological controversies within Islam Muhammad Ali,Hakim Ajmal Khan,Mazhar-ul-haq,Zafar Ali Khan Was against the loyalist polics of the Aligarh school and was inspired by the modern idea of self-govt. Firangi Mahal Movement Early 20th c Lucknow Firangi Mahal Nirankari Movement 1850's Punjab Maulana Abdul Bari Baba Dayal Das During World War I he asked Turkish Sultan to support Britain or remain out Later succeeded by his son Baba Darbara Singh and later by Raan Chand of the war Dis-approved worship of tombs and graves; preached against idol worship of A tradional school which accepted Sufism; preached Hindu-Muslim unity;' human gurus and expected his followers to believe in one formless god; intr- Nizamia' syllabus evolved from it which was followed by most of the religious oduced a simplified version of marriage named 'Anand Karaj';dis-approved or communal Muslim schools all over India dowry, marriage procession,drinking,dancing and rituals Namdhari Movement or Kuka Movement 1872 Deoband Movement 1867 Deoband,Uar Pradesh Punjab Bhagat Jawahar Mal(Sian Sahib) & Baba Balak Singh Because of the followers resorng to shrieks while in ecstasy Muhammad Qasim Nanawatawi & Rashid Ahmed Gangohi Issued fatwa against S.A.Khan's United Patrioc Associaon & Muhammadan Became a powerful instrument of socio-religious awakening among the Sikhs Anglo-Oriental Defence Assn. under Baba Ram Singh; Ram Singh advised his followers to engage in the worship of god through prayer and meditaon; preached against caste system, female An-Brish movement; aimed at the upliment of Muslims through religious infancide, early marriage and barter of daughters in marriage. educaon and resuscitate classical Islam; emphasized on educaonal efforts as a means for social upliement;Welcomed formaon of the INC;opposed pro-Brish Aligarh movement Singh Sabha Movement 1873 Amritsar Thakur Singh Sandhawalia & Giani
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