On the Brazilian Amazonian Species of Acanthoscurria (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000100008 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Felipe dos S. Paula1, Ray Gabriel2, Rafael P. Indicatti1, Antonio D. Brescovit1 & Sylvia M. Lucas1

1 Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2 Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom.

ABSTRACT. In this study the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 are redescribed: A. geniculata (C.L. Koch, 1841), A. tarda Pocock, 1903, A. juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923, A. theraphosoides (Doleschall, 1871). Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000 and A. insubtilis Simon, 1892, previously known from French Guyana and Bolivia, respec- tively, are recorded for Brazil by the first time. The females of these two species are described for the first time and a new species, A. belterrensis sp. nov., is described from Belterra, Pará, Brazil. In addition, four synonymies are established: A. transamazonica Piza, 1972 as junior synonym of A. geniculata; A. ferina Simon, 1892 and A. brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896 of A. theraphosoides; and A. xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960 of A. juruenicola. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. resembles A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 by the color pattern and structure of sexual organs. The male can be distinguished by the less curved embolus and the very projected prolateral superior and prolateral inferior keels, giving a triangular aspect to the basis of embolus, and the female seminal receptacles presenting a larger and narrower basis. KEY WORDS. Mygalomorphae; new species; taxonomy; Theraphosinae; spiders.

Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 currently contains 29 de- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus (INPA, scribed species (PLATNICK 2014) distributed in South America, C. Magalhães); Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém (MPEG, the Lesser Antilles and Guatemala. The following species were A.B. Bonaldo); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, described from states in the Brazilian Amazonian: A. geniculata São Paulo (MZSP, R. Pinto da Rocha); Faculdades Integradas do (C.L. Koch, 1841) from Roraima, A. ferina Simon, 1892 and A. Tapajós, Santarém (FIT, H. Chalkidis); Muséum National tarda Pocock, 1903 from Amazonas, A. brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cam- d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN, C. Rollard, E.A. Leguin); bridge, 1896, A. fracta Chamberlin, 1917 and A. transamazonica The Natural History Museum, London (NHM, J. Beccaloni); Piza, 1972 from Pará, A. juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923 and A. Zoologisches Museum Berlin, Berlin (ZMB, J. Dunlop); xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960 from Mato Grosso. Except Naturwissenschaftliches Museum Wien, Vienna (NWMW, C. for A. fracta, recently synonymized with A. natalensis Hörweg); and Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Chamberlin, 1917 (LUCAS et al. 2011), the remaining species Oxford (OUMNH, Z. Simmons, J. Hogan, D.J. Mann). All mea- have been considered valid (PLATNICK 2014). The original de- surements are in millimeters and were taken with a millimet- scriptions of the species are generally based on only one speci- ric ocular lens. Length of leg segments were measured between men collected in the XIX or XX century, and emphasized color, joints in dorsal view, length and width of carapace, eye tu- position of the eyes, and measurements, but did not illustrate bercle, labium and sternum are the maximum values obtained. the sexual organs, now regarded as important features in tax- Total body length excludes chelicerae, pedicel and spinnerets. onomy. The holotypes are deposited in the most important Terminology for number and disposition of spines follows that European museums, many as dry specimens, but some are too of PETRUNKEVITCH (1925), with modifications proposed by BERTANI fragile to be manipulated. Here, the Amazonian species are re- (2001). Variation and natural history observations for each vised and redescribed based on type-material and also on speci- species are provided when available. All drawings were made mens from the collection of the Instituto Butantan and other with a drawing tube mounted on a Leica MZ-12 stereomicro- important Brazilian arachnological collections. scope; photos were taken with a Leica DFC500 digital camera attached to a Leica MZ16A stereomicroscope. Extended focal MATERIAL AND METHODS range images were composed with Leica Application Suite version 2.5.0. The terminology of keels of male palpal bulbs fol- The material examined is deposited in the following in- lows BERTANI (2000). Abbreviations: (AME) anterior median eyes, stitutions: Instituto Butantan, São Paulo (IBSP, R.P. Moraes); (ALE) anterior lateral eyes, (PLE) posterior lateral eyes, (PME)

2014 Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia | www.sbzoologia.org.br | www.scielo.br/zool All content of the journal, except where identified, is licensed under a Creative Commons attribution-type BY-NC. 64 F. dos S. Paula et al. posterior median eyes, (STC) superior tarsal claws; spines: (ap) 20.0, 11.0, 75.2; IV: 22.4, 10.5, 19.4, 27.6, 12.0, 91.9. Spines: apical, (d) dorsal, (v) ventral, (p) prolateral, (r) retrolateral; keels: palp, femur p0-0-1p, tibia v0-1p-0-1r-3-3. I: femur p0-0-1, pa- (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (A) tella r0-1v-1-1ap, tibia v2-1r-1-0-1p-2-1-1-1-2-0-7ap; II: patella apical keel, (SGA) subapical granular area. r0-0-2ap, tibia v0-2-0-1r-1p-2-1r-1-1p-0-5ap, metatarsus v0-0- 3ap; III: patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v0-1-0-2-2-2-0-4ap, metatarsus TAXONOMY v2-1-1-2-1-1r-4ap; IV: tibia v2-0-2-1r-2-1r-4ap, metatarsus v1- 1-1-1r-1-1-1-1r-3-1-2-1r-1-1-1r-3-5ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I Acanthoscurria geniculata (C.L. Koch, 1841) and II throughout ventral portion, on metatarsus III restricted to apical half and on IV covering only apex. All tarsi fully Figs 1-13, 63 scopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 14 spines on Mygale geniculata C.L. Koch, 1841: 43, fig. 718 (male holotype, apex (Figs 4-5). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig. BRAZIL, Roraima: (Rio Branco), J. Natterer leg., deposited in 3). Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus ending ZMB 2055, examined by photos sent by J. Dunlop). like a shell, formed by superior and inferior keels and with Acanthoscurria geniculata: Ausserer, 1871: 206, fig. 10; Simon, third accessory elongated keel (Figs 6-7). 1892: 158; F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896: 737, pl. XXXIV, fig. 17; Female (IBSP 151260). Coloration like the male, except Mello-Leitão, 1923: 283; Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, by broader patch of creamy-pink setae on tip of each leg seg- 1979: 293, figs 15-16; Bertani, 2001: 325, figs 45-47; Platnick, ment (Fig. 2). Total length 62.3. Carapace: 29.6 long, 25.0 wide. 2014. Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.8 Acanthoscurria transamazonica Piza, 1972: 99, fig. 1 (male holo- long, 3.9 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. type, BRAZIL, Pará: Marabá (5°22’41.37"S, 49°6’33.69"W), Eye sizes: AME 0.61, ALE 2.48, PME 2.15, PLE 3.11. Labium I.1972, G. Ranzani & M. Camponez do Brasil leg., deposited 3.50 long, 3.35 wide, with ca. 150 cuspules. Endites with ca. in IBSP 138248, examined, later destroyed by the fire in the 200 cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 14.0 long, 11.1 IBSP); Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov. wide, with posterior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria geniculata is distinguished from Cheliceral furrow with 11 larger teeth and 61 smaller basal ones. all other species of the genus by the bright color with distal Stridulatory apparatus with 25 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, II end of each segment broadly covered by a patch of short with 6-7, III with 6-8, IV with 5-6. Measurements: palp: femur creamy-pink setae, abdomen black, velvety, clothed with long length 15.5, patella 9.3, tibia 11.2, tarsus 15.5, total 51.5. Legs reddish-rufous setae on the dorsal side (Figs 1-2). Acanthoscurria – I: femur 21.0, patella 12.0, tibia 16.2, metatarsus 14.7, tarsus geniculata resembles A. juruenicola, A. simoensi and A. chacoana 9.0, total 72.9; II: 20.0, 11.1, 13.9, 13.9, 0.91, 68.0; III: 17.6, Brèthes, 1909 by the morphology of sexual organs, but it can 10.0, 12.4, 15.9, 8.4, 76.7; IV: 21.0, 11.0, 16.0, 21.7, 9.6, 79.3. be distinguished by the more elongated accessory keel on male Spines: palp, tibia v1p-1-2p-1r-3ap; I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-2- palpal bulb, sometimes less projected (Figs 6-7), and by the 1p-3ap; II: tibia v1-1-1r-1p-1p-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-3ap; III: tibia female seminal receptacle presenting a squarer base, with evi- v1r-1-2-2-4ap, metatarsus v5-2-3ap; IV: tibia v1-2-1-3-1r-3ap, dent and rounded subapical lobes (Figs 8-9). metatarsus d0-0-2, v2-1-1r-1-2-1-1-2-1r-2-1-2-2-1r-4ap. Scopulae Description. Male (IBSP 151260). Coloration: carapace on metatarsi I-II present throughout ventral portion, restricted in front bordered with pale-pink setae; dorsal side of cheli- to apical half of metatarsi III and only on apex of IV. All tarsi cerae, palps and legs with bright-rufous setae. Legs with patch fully scopulate. Seminal receptacle with larger than longer base of creamy-pink setae on tip of patella, tibia and metatarsus. and with two apical lobes very evident and projected laterally Abdomen dark, coffee-brown on dorsal side, with long rufous (Figs 8-9). setae, and ventral side dark brown (Fig. 1). Total length 48.7. Variation. Some males lack vertical leg stripes. Male pal- Carapace 26.0 long, 23.0 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus nar- pal bulb with accessory keel varying from vestigial to very evi- row. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long, 3.6 wide. Anterior eye dent and projected, sometimes bifurcated (Figs 10-13). row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.51, ALE Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: 6 males, 1896, 2.06, PME 1.50, PLE 2.32. Labium 3.31 long, 3.30 wide, with A.M. Moss (BMNH); 1 male, Misc Arachnidae leg. (OUMNH); ca. 150 cuspules. Endites with ca. 240 cuspules each. Sternum (Ilha do Marajó, 0°35’49.89"S, 48°29’21.31"W), Instituto moderately convex, 13.1 long, 10.1 wide, with anterior and Agronômico leg., 1 male, 15.VI.1966 (IBSP 103788); São Caetano posterior pairs of sigillae of same size. Cheliceral furrow with de Odivelas, 0°44’44.55"S, 48°1’50.73"W), 1 male, 20.I.2006, 11 larger teeth and 85 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory appara- M. Leite leg. (MPEG 5238); Belém (1°27’22.93"S, 48°32’ tus with around 20 bristles. STC I with 9 teeth, II with 6, III 28.44"W), 1 female, 24.VI.2004 (MPEG 5282); 1 female (IBSP with 7 and IV with 5. Measurements: palp, femur length 14.0, 102600); 1 female, VII.1960, E. Lento leg. (IBSP 103541); 1 male, patella 8.0, tibia 12.8, cymbium 7.0, total 41.8; Legs – I: femur XI.1961, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP 103574); 1 juvenile, IX.1982, J.E. 23.2, patella 12.1, tibia 19.0, metatarsus 20.0, tarsus 12.3, total Baldim leg. (IBSP 104729); 1 male, XII.1990, P. Arvera leg. (IBSP 86.6; II: 21.0, 11.0, 17.4, 18.2, 10.9, 78.5; III: 19.0, 10.2, 15.0, 107255); 1 juvenile, IX.1982 (IBSP 107629); (Campus de

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 65

12 Figures 1-2. Acanthoscurria geniculata, dorsal view: (1) male from Belém, Pará (MPEG 15619); (2) female from Belterra, Pará (IBSP 151505). Photos: (1) Rafael P. Indicatti; (2) Roberto P. Moraes.

34 5

67 9

Figures 3-9. Acanthoscurria geniculata: (3-7) male (IBSP 151260); (3) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (4-5) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (4) prolateral view; (5) ventral view; (6-7) left male palpal bulb; (6) prolateral view; (7) retrolateral view; (8-9) female (IBSP 151260), spermathecae; (8) ventral view; (9) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 66 F. dos S. Paula et al.

49°41’20.87"W), 2 males, 15.II.1986, I.E. Mehandro leg. (IBSP 107470, 107623); 1 female, XII.1983, L.E. Mehandro leg. (IBSP 107624); 1 male, 5.XII.1985 (IBSP 107626); 1 female (IBSP PS 107627); 1 female, 22.I.1985 (IBSP 107628); (Canoal, 3°38’30.22"S, 49°44’52.79"W), 1 female, 11.VII.1991 (IBSP A 107476); (Vila Brabo, 3°38’30.23"S, 49°44’52.76"W), 1 female, I.1985, Operação Resgate Faunístico Curupira leg. (IBSP 104847); (Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, 3°49’9.29"S, 49°39’8.54"W), 4 PI females 1 male, 1984-1996, Equipe Butantan leg. (IBSP 107713, 10 11 107022, 107023, 107691, 107778); (Jacundá, 4°26’18.26"S, 49° 5’7.69"W), 2 males, 2.I.1985, Operação Resgate Faunístico Curupira leg. (IBSP 104833); Breu Branco (4°0’34.58"S, 49°28’17.52"W), 1 female, XII.1984, Operação Resgate Faunístico Curupira leg. (IBSP 104836); Marabá (5°22’41.37"S, 49°6’33.69"W), 1 female, 6.XII.1975, Projeto Rondon leg. (IBSP 104157); Marabá (Serra Norte, Pojuca, 5°57’48.56"S, 50°24’ 1.74"W), 1 male, 20.III.1986, F. Paiva leg. (MPEG 3939); Marabá (Serra Norte, N1, Igarapé Azul, 6°1’32.62"S 50°18’8.66"W), 1 male, 16.II.1983, R.B. Neto leg. (MPEG 4261); Jacareacanga (6°16’42.06"S, 57°39’6.40"W), 1 male, XI.1988, R. Geyer leg. (IBSP 107268); Redenção (8°3’42.05"S, 50°2’51.83"W), 1 male, 12 13 1996, Renato leg. (IBSP 107682); 4 females, VII.1999, P. Gnaspini Figures 10-13. Acanthoscurria geniculata: variation of accessory keel leg. (IBSP 107945-107948); Redenção (Serra do Kukoinhokren, of male palpal bulb. Abbreviations: (PI) prolateral inferior keel, Aldeia Indígena, 7°46’0.58"S, 51°57’0.21"W), 1 female, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (A) apical keel. VIII.1999, P. Gnaspini leg. (IBSP 102001); 1 male, 21.I.2000, E. Mariano Neto leg. (IBSP 108351); (Serra do Cachimbo, 9°20’57.12"S, 54°58’46.22"W), 1 male, 11.I.2000, I.M.S. Morais Pesquisa of MPEG, 01°27’03.03"S, 48°26’40.2"W), 1 male, leg. (IBSP 108048). Mato Grosso: Barra do Garças (Fazenda 21.XII.1983, M. Zanuto leg. (MPEG 5109); 1 female, 17.I.1986, Sentapua, 15°53’38.71"S, 52°15’26.54"W), 1 male, 13.X.1975, W. França leg. (MPEG 5193); 1 male, 12.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti P. Ferraz Junior leg. (IBSP 104160C). Rondônia: Porto Velho & N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. (MPEG 15619); Santarém (Comuni- (Nova Mutum Paraná, BR 364, 9°21’09.62"S, 64°39’20.90"W), dade de Cucurunã, 2°27’13.01"S, 54°47’22.74"W), 2 females 4 1 male, 14.XI.2011, C.A.R. Souza leg. (MZSP 44486); 1 male, males, 27.XI-25.XII.2009, all collected by A.P. Silva (FIT 435, 24.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44482); (Abunã, FIT 186, 188; IBSP 117837, IBSP 151260); 1 female, A.M. Moss 9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 male, 16.XI.2011, M.C. Silveira (BMNH 1896.12.13.1), Belterra (2°30’39.66"S, 54°49’56.90"W) leg. (MZSP 44485); 1 male, 21.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP 1 male, 14.V.2010 (FIT 393); 1 male, 6.IV.2010 (FIT 432); 2 fe- 44484); 1 female, 23.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP 44483). males, 29.XII.2010, R.G. Nogueira leg. (FIT 433, 434); 1 male, Distribution. BRAZIL: states of Rondônia, Roraima, Pará 27.XII.2010, J.F. de Lemos leg. (FIT 436); 24 X.2009, A.D. and Mato Grosso (Fig. 63). Brescovit leg. (IBSP 151505); (Mata do Butantan, 2°37’32.14"S, Natural history. The species is mainly nocturnal but in 54°56’7.78"W), 26.X.2009, M.M.G. Fernandes et al. leg. (IBSP reproductive periods males can be found during the day, walk- 151506); (Área de Preservação Ambiental Aramanaí, 2°37’ ing in the forest litter and crossing roads as other species of 57.96"S, 54°57’44.16"W), 27.X.2011, R.S. Souza & H.R.S. Falcão the genus (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005, GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012). leg. (IBSP 151507); (Floresta Nacional Tapajós, 3°17’3.94"S, Females and juveniles dwell in tubular burrows, located under 54°58’42.03"W), 6 male, X.2011, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP rocks, fallen trunks, inside living trees and in ravines and on 161722, 161723, 161724, 161725, 161726, 161727); 1 male, the ground level. The burrow of a female in Rondônia was 18 29.X.2010, A.P.S. Silva leg. (IBSP 160969); Altamira (3°12’10. cm wide and about 100 cm deep, with the entrance followed 71"S, 52°13’19.58"W), 4 males, 12.XI.2005, C.O. Araújo leg. by a gradual decline, leading to a horizontal large chamber. (MPEG 5222); (Castelo dos Sonhos, 08°13.054’S, 55°00.956’W), In captivity this species is regularly bred, with females 6 males, 13-15.XI.2005, all collected by C.O. Araújo (MPEG producing eggsacs containing around 2,000 young. The young 5231, 5232; 5237, 5225, 5227, 5073); Marituba (1°20’56.32"S, spiders are slow to grow at first, but growth increases with age, 48°20’50.97"W), 1 male, 19.X.2000, F.A.S. Filho leg. (MPEG females maturing around three years and males around two 5143); (Riacho Doce, 1°22’12.53"S, 48°18’4.40"O), 1 female, and a half years depending on the captive husbandry (Ray 6.XI.2005, R.A. Souza leg. (MPEG 5101); Tucuruí (3°45’18.00"S, Gabriel pers. obs.).

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 67

Acanthoscurria juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923 Figs 14-21, 61 Acanthoscurria juruenicola Mello-Leitão, 1923: 294 (female holotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: (Rio Juruena), M. Ribeiro leg., deposited in MNRJ 39, examined); Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, 1964: 413, pl. III, fig. 3; Lucas et al., 1981: 151, figs 1-5; Bertani, 2000: 30, figs 29-30; Platnick, 2014. Acanthoscurria xinguensis Timotheo da Costa, 1960: 2, figs 1-4 (Male holotype, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: (Alto Xingu), XI.1958, R. Arlé leg., deposited in MNRJ 2326, examined); Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov. Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria juruenicola resembles A. geniculata, A. simoensi and A. chacoana by the structure of sexual organs. It can be distinguished from A. simoensi and A. chacoana by the presence of an accessory keel on male palpal bulb (Figs Figure 14. Acanthoscurria juruenicola, female (IBSP 109151) from 18-19), and by the almost square basal membrane of female Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, dorsal view. Photo: Flávio seminal receptacles (Figs 20-21); and from A. geniculata by darker U. Yamamoto. brown color, without a large patch of creamy-pink setae on leg tip (Fig. 14), short and projected accessory keel on male palpal bulb (Figs 18-19) and seminal receptacle with small and oval Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus ending like lobes, more conspicuous in dorsal view (Figs 20-21). a shell with well developed superior and inferior keels and a Description. Male (IBSP 107658). Coloration: general third accessory one between them (Figs 18-19). aspect chestnut-brown, carapace dark bordered by straight band Female (IBSP 104305). Coloration: as in male (Fig. 14). of short creamy-pink setae; dorsal view of femora, abdomen Total length 56.6. Carapace: 29.6 long, 25.1 wide. Fovea and chelicerae dark, covered with chestnut-brown setae; two procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.6 long, very distinct longitudinal bands of light short setae on patella 3.7 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye and tibia of all legs; apex of femora, patella, tibia and metatar- sizes: AME 0.77, ALE 2.64, PME 1.87, PLE 2.95. Labium 5.28 sus with small creamy-pink setae. Total length 56.5. Carapace long, 4.23 wide, with more than 130 cuspules. Endites with 28.7 long, 25.0 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye more than 250 cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 27.0 group rectangular 2.2 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eye row long, 18.9 wide, with posterior sigillae three times larger than procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.70, ALE 2.67, anterior. Cheliceral furrow with 11 larger teeth and 123 smaller PME 1.85, PLE 2.35. Labium 2.91 long, 3.50 wide, with more basal ones. Stridulatory apparatus with 32 bristles. STC I with than 150 cuspules. Endites with more than 250 cuspules each. 9 teeth, II with 6, III with 7, IV with 4. Measurements: palp – Sternum moderately convex, 12.1 long, 10.1 wide, with poste- femur length 14.7, patella 8.9, tibia 10.5, tarsus 9.9, total 44.0. rior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow Legs – I: femur 19.4, patella 12.3, tibia 15.1, metatarsus 13.0, with 12 larger teeth and 63 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory tarsus 8.2, total 68.0; II: 18.0, 11.1, 13.9, 12.5, 8.4, 63.9; III: apparatus with around 34 bristles. STC I with 8 teeth, II with 16.0, 10.0, 10.8, 13.9, 7.7, 58.4; IV: 19.4, 10.1, 14.1, 20.0, 8.2, 8, III with 7 and IV with 8. Measurements: palp – femur length 71.8. Spines – palp: femur p0-01, tibia v0-0-1-2p-0-3ap; leg I: 15.0, patella 8.6, tibia 13.0, cymbium 7.7, total 44.3. Legs – I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-0-2-3-0-3ap, metatarsus v0-0-0-3ap; II: femur 23.8, patella 13.2, tibia 19.0, metatarsus 19.0, tarsus 12.1, patella p0-1-0, tibia v0-2-1r-1r-3ap, metatarsus v0-1-1-0-0-3ap; total 87.1; II: 22.3, 12.1, 16.5, 17.0, 11.0, 78.9; III: 20.0, 11.0, III: femur d0-0-0-2-1-2-0, patella r0-1-0, tibia v0-1-2-3-2-1-2- 15.1, 20.0, 11.1, 77.2; IV: 23.0, 11.3, 19.4, 26.5, 11.4, 91.6. 3ap, metatarsus d1-2-2,v1-2-2-0-1-5ap; IV: femur d0-0-1-1, pa- Spines: palp – femur p0-0-1, tibia p1-2-1. I: femur p0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia v0-1-0-1r-1-1-1-1r-3-2-2ap, metatarsus tella v0-0-2, tibia v1-1-1r-1p-1-1-2-2-5ap; II: femur p0-0-1, pa- v2-1-1-1-1-1-2-1p-1-2-2-2-5-3ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I-II tella r0-1-0, tibia v2-2-1-2-1r-2-4ap; III: femur d0-0-2, patella present throughout ventral portion, restricted to apical half of r0-1-0-0, tibia v2-3-2-0-2-4ap, metatarsus d1-2-2, v1-1-1-0-5ap; metatarsi III and only on apex of IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. IV: femur r0-0-1, patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v3-1-1-2-2-3ap, meta- Seminal receptacle with trapezoid base and two small subapi- tarsus d0-0-2, v2-1-1-1-3-1-1-2-1r-1-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsi cal lobes (Figs 20-21). I and II throughout ventral portion, restricted to distal half on Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: Jacundazinho metatarsus III and only at apex of IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. (4°27’54.90"S, 49°20’12.05"W), 1 female (IBSP 109881). Mato Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 11 spines on apex (Figs Grosso: 1 female, 19.IX.1977, E.F. de Mendonça leg. (IBSP 104280); 16-17). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig. 15). 1 female (IBSP 107588); 1 female, F. Palinges leg. (IBSP 108766);

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 68 F. dos S. Paula et al.

15 16 17

18 19 21

Figures 15-21. Acanthoscurria juruenicola: (15-19) male (IBSP 107658). (15) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (16-17) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (16) prolateral view; (17) ventral view; (18-19) left male palpal bulb; (18) prolateral view; (19) retrolateral view; (20-21) female (IBSP 104305), spermathecae; (20) ventral view; (21) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Alta Floresta (9°56’23.07"S, 56°13’47.05"W), (Zoológico de Alta 107113); 3 females, IV.1985 (IBSP 107115-107117); 2 males, Floresta), 4 females, 7 males, 5.III.1979 (IBSP 104400; 104401; I.1986 (IBSP 104898); 1 female, X.1986 (IBSP 107244), all col- 104404); 3 females, 31.VIII.1979 (IBSP 104463); 2 females, 2 lected by A. Pazzim Filho; 3 females, 6-9.III.1977, A.C. Martins males, 4.XII.1979 (IBSP 104503); 1 female, 1 male, 10.VIII.1979 (IBSP 104233A, 104233B, 104233D, 2 female, 6-9.III.1977, A.C. (IBSP 104550; 104655); 1 female, XI.1981 (IBSP 104690); 4 fe- Martins leg. (IBSP 104233C); Santa Carmem (11°52’31.51"S, males, 1 male, 10.I.1979 (IBSP 104905); 1 female, II.1984, L. 55°30’39.40"W), 1 male, X.1984, M.A. Marcucio leg. (IBSP Lirchares leg. (IBSP 107108); 9 males, XI.1993, G. Brisolla leg. 107112); Araguaiana (15°43’27.73"S, 51°49’11.61"W), 1 male, (IBSP 107245, 107250, 107654, 107658, 107665, 107666, 107673, XII.1988, M. Medeiros leg. (IBSP 107119); Cláudia (11°30’11.40"S, 107679, 107680); 2 males, II.1996, M.A. Francisco leg. (IBSP 54°51’53.00"W), 3 females, M. Calleffo leg. (IBSP 107572, 107684, 107577, 107579); 3 males, 27.II.1978, E.B. Fernandes leg. (IBSP 107685); Xingú (12°0’52.28"S, 53°23’9.10"W), 1 male (IBSP 104305A); 1 female, 4.VII.1978, E.B. Fernandes leg. (IBSP 102491); Sorriso (12°33’40.95"S, 55°42’17.37"W), 1 female, 104305B); 3 males, 17.I.1980, (IBSP 104474A-104474C, 104474E); V.1993, G. Brisolla leg. (IBSP 107337); Barracão Queimado 1 female, 13.XI.1979, L. Fernandes leg. (IBSP 104474D); Aripuanã (13°5’15"S, 59°53’45"W), 1 male, 8.III.1963, P. Vilela leg. (IBSP (10°9’52.66"S, 59°27’17.93"W), 1 male, 29.I.1979 (IBSP 104462); 103648); Cáceres (16°4’16"S, 57°40’44" W), 1 female, 01.V.1964, 2 males, 1.II.1979 (IBSP 104304A); 1 male, 17.I.1978, A. Quindos W. Burchel leg. (BMNH); Canarana (13°32’21.79"S, 52°9’ leg. (IBSP 104304B); Sinop (11°52’31.51"S, 55°30’39.40"W), 1 49.28"W), 1 female, 3.V.1984, C.R. Medina leg. (IBSP 104910); male, III.1983 (IBSP 107103); 1 male, VIII.1983 (IBSP 107106); 1 Nova Xavantina (14°39’10.82"S, 52°20’46.16"W), 1 male, female, VII.1983 (IBSP 107104); 1 female, I.1984 (IBSP 107107); XII.1989, G.P. Goerax leg. (IBSP 107100); Chapada dos Guimarães 1 juvenile, III.1984 (IBSP 107109); 1 female, XII.1984 (IBSP (Rio Manso, Usina Hidrelétrica de Manso, Furnas, 14°52’9.31"S,

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 69

55°47’28.04"W), 74 females, 2000 (IBSP 108982-109027, 109047- and smaller embolus, with the PS and PI projected (Figs 25-26), 109056, 109059-109061, 109064, 109066, 109068, 109070, and by the female seminal receptacles with rectangular bases and 109073-109075, 109077, 109078, 109086, 109106, 109117); 9 two lobes projected apically and fused basally (Figs 27-28). juveniles, 2000 (IBSP 109057, 109058, 109062, 109063, 109067, Description. Male (IBSP 107927). Coloration: general as- 109071, 109072, 109079, 109080); 2 males, 2000, (IBSP 109065, pect brown, carapace bordered with short orange setae, dorsal 109076); 12 females, 6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109151, 109152, 109157, side of abdomen, chelicerae and legs with orange setae. Two 109160-109165, 109168, 109171, 109175); 7 juveniles, longitudinal bands of orange setae on patella and tibia, short 6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109153, 109154, 109159, 109166, 109170, rings of same color on tip of femur, patella and tibia. Total length 109173, 109174); 2 juveniles, 6.VIII.2001 (IBSP 109155); 3 juve- 45.2. Carapace 25.2 long, 21.8 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus niles, 6.VIII.2001, all collected by the Equipe Resgate Fauna (IBSP narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eye 109156); Cuiabá (15°35’ 58.40"S, 56°5’39.70"W), 1 female, I.1989, row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.60, ALE 2.00, R. Bertani leg. (IBSP 107101); São José dos Quatro Marcos PME 1.55, PLE 2.25. Labium 3.2 long, 2.8 wide, with more than (15°38’11.35"S, 58°10’3.48"W), 2 males, IX.1986, C. Dall’Aglio 90 cuspules. Endites with more than 210 cuspules each. Ster- leg. (IBSP 107659, 107660); Barra do Garças (Rio Mupare, num moderately convex, 10.5 long, 9.3 wide, with posterior 15°52’21.50"S, 52°15’32.99"W), 1 female, 20.XII.1979, P. Ferraz sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with Júnior leg. (IBSP 104160A); 2 males, 13.X.1975, P. Ferraz Junior 11 larger teeth and 65 smaller ones. Stridulatory organ with leg. (IBSP 104160B, 104160C). Rondônia: Guajará-Mirim around 9 bristles. STC I with 4 teeth, II with 6, III with 6 and IV (10°47’27.47"S, 65°19’55.06"W), 1 male, 21.I.2001, M.C. with 7. Measurements – palp: femur length 12.3, patella 7.9, Carvalho leg. (IBSP 111271); 1 female, 4.VIII.1995, J.R. Simões tibia 14.4, cymbium 8.9, total 43.5. Legs – I: femur 22.3, patella leg. (IBSP 109759); Pimenta Bueno (11°40’2.26"S, 61°11’45.24"W), 11.1, tibia 19.7, metatarsus 19.9, tarsus 10.5, total 83.5; II: 21.3, 5 males, XI.1992, E.L. Almeida leg. (IBSP 107636, 107670, 107674, 10.1, 17.0, 18.9, 11.0, 78.30; III: 17.2, 9.0, 14.6, 20.0, 10.0, 70.8; 107783; MPEG 7342). IV: 17.5, 8.6, 19.2, 24.5, 10.0, 79.8. Spines: palp: femur v0-0-1, Distribution. BRAZIL: states of Roraima, Pará, Rondônia patella p0-1-0; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella v0-1p-0-1ap, tibia v5- and Mato Grosso (Fig. 62). 1-2-1-2-1-3-2-1-5ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; II: femur p0-0-0-1- Synonymy. The examination of the holotype of A. 1, patella v0-0-2-0, tibia v3-2-0-3-2-1-2-6ap, metatarsus xinguensis, specimens of A. juruenicola from Instituto Butantan v1p-1r-1p-1r-3ap; III: femur p0-1-1, patella d0-1r-1p-0, tibia v1- and the specimen of A. juruenicola described by LUCAS et al. 1-2-2-3-2-3ap, metatarsus v1p-1-1-1-2-2-1-2-1-2-3ap; IV: femur (1981) allowed us to consider A. xinguensis as a junior synonym d0-0-1, tibia v2-1-3-2-1-1-2-4ap, metatarsus v1-1p-1-2-2-2-2-1r- of A. juruenicola, as all specimens shared the same morphology 2-2-1-1-1-3-1-6ap. Scopulae on half of metatarsi I, one-third of of male palpal bulb, tibial apophysis, blunt tubercle on palpal II and III and absent on metarsi IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibial tibia and color. apophysis of leg I with at least 8 spines on apex (Figs 23-24). Natural history. TIMOTHEO-DA-COSTA (1960: 1) states that Male palpal bulb with long and projected embolus ending like a three males and one large female were collected in an expedi- shell, with smaller PI and PS, without third accessory keel (Figs tion to Alto Xingú, Mato Grosso, by the naturalist R. Arlé. An 25-26). Palpal tibia with blunt retrolateral tubercle (Fig. 22). eggsac was also collected, approximately 5.5 cm wide and 1.5 Female (IBSP 110696). Coloration as in male. Total length cm high, containing about 3,944 young at various stages of 56.9. Carapace 26.9 long, 22.6 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus development (TIMOTHEO-DA-COSTA 1960, figs 5-10). These spiders narrow. Eye group rectangular 3.2 long, 4.1 wide. Anterior eye are aggressive, bite and easily throw urticating setae when dis- row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.60, ALE 2.85, turbed. They can also display defensive behavior by raising PME 1.90, PLE 2.95. Labium 4.50 long, 3.10 wide, with more the anterior legs, palps and opening the chelicerae, thus ex- than 90 cuspules. Endites with more than 190 each. Sternum posing the red ventral setae; at this moment the spiders open moderately convex, 12.8 long, 9.2 wide, with posterior sigillae the fangs, releasing poison droplets in some cases, and make two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with 9 larger false attacks (mainly males), like A. suina (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005) teeth and 82 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory organ apparatus and A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 (GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012). with 10 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, II with 8, III with 7 and IV with 6. Measurements – palp: femur length 15.5, patella 8.0, Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000 tibia 10.2, tarsus 10.0, total 43.7. Legs – I: femur 19.2, patella Figs 22-28, 60 11.1, tibia 15.2, metatarsus 13.1, tarsus 8.7, total 67.3; II: 18.3, Acanthoscurria simoensi Vol, 2000: 8, pl. I-III (male holotype, 10.3, 12.8, 13.0, 9.0, 63.4; III: 16.2, 9.9, 10.9, 14.2, 7.3, 58.5; IV: FRENCH GUYANA, 2000, H. Simoens leg., deposited in MNHN 18.5, 10.1, 14.5, 21.0, 8.8, 72.9. Spines: palp: femur: p0-0-1, tibia AR 4785, not located); Platnick, 2014. v2-0-2-2-2-2-4ap; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1-0, tibia v1-1p- Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria simoensi resembles A. geniculata 1-2-0-3ap, metatarsus v2-0-0-3ap; II: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1- and A. juruenicola by the structure of sexual organs, but differs by 0, tibia v2-1p-2-1r-2-1p-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III: femur the male palpal bulb without an accessory keel and with a longer p0-0-1, patella d0-2-0, tibia v1-2-1-2-2-2-3ap, metatarsus v3-1p-

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 70 F. dos S. Paula et al.

22 27

23 24

25 26

Figures 22-28. Acanthoscurria simoensi: (22-26) male (IBSP 107927); (22) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (23-24) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (23) prolateral view; (24) ventral view; (25-26) left male palpal bulb; (25) prolateral view; (26) retrolateral view; (27-28) female (IBSP 110696), spermathecae; (27) ventral view; (28) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

4-1r-1p-2-4ap; IV: tibia v2-2-3-1r-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1-2-3- male allotype, BRAZIL, Amazonas: Tefé, deposited in MNHN 1-2-1-1r-3-2-5ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I and II throughout all 1056, examined); Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, 1964: segment, III on distal half, absent on IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. 410, pl. II, figs 9-14; Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov. Seminal receptacle with the base twice longer than wide and Acanthoscurria brocklehursti F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1896: 739, pl. apical lobes near to each other (Figs 27-28). XXXIV, fig. 18 (female holotype, BRAZIL, Pará, 1896, Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Balbina Brocklehurst leg., deposited in BMNH 1896.12.13.2, exam- (Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, 1°55’53.31"S, 59°28’10.86"W), ined); Platnick, 2014. Syn. nov. 6 females, XII.1987-II.1988 (IBSP 107271, 107500, 107688, Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides resembles A. 107690, 107692); 2 males, II.1988, (IBSP 107689), all collected by Equipe Butantan; Manaus (3°6’0"S, 60°1’0" W), (Campus insubtilis by the structure of sexual organs and body length INPA), 1 male, II.1974, Manoel leg. (INPA 4858); (Conjunto (36.2-39.2 mm), but it is distinguished by the ventral side of Campos Sales), 1 female, 26.VI.2012, M. Douglas leg. (INPA). abdomen with same coloration of dorsum (Figs 29-30, com- Distribution. Known from French Guyana and firstly pare to Fig. 40); by SAG of male palpal bulb projected like a recorded from Brazil, Amazonas state (Fig. 60, star). hump, with a thinner and curved embolus (Figs 34-35) and female seminal receptacle with straighter basis and joined heart- Acanthoscurria theraphosoides (Doleschall, 1871) shaped lobes (Figs 36-37). Description. Male (IBSP 107151). Coloration: carapace, Figs 29-37, 60 abdomen and legs dark brown, patella to tarsus covered with Acanthopalpus theraphosoides Doleschall, in Ausserer, 1871: 208, grayish setae, carapace bordered with small creamy setae; ab- pl. I, figs 12-13 (male holotype, BRAZIL, J. Natterer leg., de- domen, chelicerae and legs with pale red setae, two longitudi- posited in NHMW 146, examined). nal bands of creamy setae on patella, small rings of cream setae Acanthoscurria theraphosoides: Simon, 1892 (1): 158; Mello- on tip of patella, tibia and metatarsus (Fig. 29). Total length Leitão, 1917: 74, figs 1-2; Platnick, 2014. 36.2. Carapace 19.7 long, 16.1 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus Acanthoscurria ferina Simon, 1892: 282 (male holotype and fe- narrow. Eye group rectangular 3.5 long, 2.3 wide. Anterior eye

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 71

29 30 Figures 29-30. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides, dorsal view: (29) male from Porto Velho, Rondônia (MZSP 44329); (30) female from Belém, Pará (MPEG 15613). Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

PS 31 32 33

SGA 34 PI 35

36 37

Figures 31-37. Acanthoscurria theraphosoides: (31-35) male (IBSP 107151); (31) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (32-33) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (32) prolateral view; (33) ventral view; (34-35) left male palpal bulb; (34) prolateral view; (35) retrolateral view; (36-37) female (IBSP 107696), spermathecae; (36) ventral view; (37) dorsal view. Abbreviations: (PI) prolateral inferior keel, (PS) prolateral superior keel, (SGA) subapical granular area. Scale bars: 5 mm. row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.36, ALE row with 11 larger teeth and 57 smaller basal ones. Stridula- 0.50, PME 1.35, PLE 1.99. Labium 2.52 long, 2.84 wide, with tory apparatus with around 12 bristles. STC I with 6 teeth, II more than 130 cuspules. Endites with more than 210 cuspules with 7, III with 5 and IV with 6. Measurements – palp: femur each. Sternum moderately convex, 9.7 long, 7.0 wide, with length 10.2, patella 6.2, tibia 8.1, cymbium 6.8, total 31.3. Legs posterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral fur- – I: femur 16.2, patella 9.1, tibia 14.3, metatarsus 12.1, tarsus

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 72 F. dos S. Paula et al.

7.1, total 59.3; II: 15.8, 8.0, 11.3, 11.2, 7.8, 54.1; III: 14.2, 7.2, 24 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7224, 7231, 7232, 7242, 7274, 7281, 10.2, 13.1, 7.5, 52.2; IV: 16.8, 8.1, 14.1, 20.2, 7.0, 66.2. Spines: 7290, 7291); 12 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7230, 7241, 7249, 7252, palp: femur p0-0-1, tibia d0-0-5, v1-1-1r-3-3-1r-2r; leg I: femur 7323, 7326); 8 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7233, 7254, 7256, 7279); p0-0-1, tibia v2-1p-1-1-2-0-8ap, metatarsus v0-0-2ap; II: femur 1 male, 1 female, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7259); 10 males, 7.III.2005 p0-0-1, tibia v2-1p-1-1-1p-1p-6ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; III: (MPEG 7260, 7293, 7296, 7299, 7317); 1 female, 3 juveniles, femur d0-0-2, patella r0-1-0, tibia v1-1r-2-1-3-2-3ap, metatar- 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7273); 5 males, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7237, 7275, sus v1p-1-2-2-0-2-3ap; IV: femur r0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia v1r- 7295, 7318, 7329); 2 females, 17-23.VIII.2004 (MPEG 7276, 7301); 2-1-2-2-4ap, metatarsus v1-1-2-3-1-2-1p-2-1p-4ap. Scopulae on 2 males, 1 female, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7292); 9 males, 11.II.2005 metatarsus I only at distal half, II throughout distal 3/4, III (MPEG 7225, 7229, 7289); 3 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7235, 7236, only distal half, absent on IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibial 7302); 3 males, 7.III.2005 (MPEG 7239, 7244, 7250); 2 males, apophysis of leg I with at least six spines on apex (Figs 32-33). 1.II.2005 (MPEG 7255, 7280); 2 females, 28.II.2005, (MPEG 7258, Palpal tibia with finger like tubercle (Fig. 31). Male palpal bulb 7303); 2 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7278); 4 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG with well marked SGA, like a hump, and embolus curved and 7226, 7300); 1 female, 28 August-3.IX.2004 (MPEG 7298); 1 male, straight, with PS and PI not so evident (Figs 34-35). 28.VIII.2004 (MPEG 7308), 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7311, Female (IBSP 107696). Coloration as in male (Fig. 30). Total 7313); 4 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7294, 7312, 7316, 7324); 8 males, length 39.17. Carapace 19.03 long, 15.39 wide. Fovea procurved. 3.IV.2005 (MPEG 7310, 7314, 7315, 7319, 7321, 7325, 7331, 7333); Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.01 long, 2.87 wide. 2 males, 3.IV.2005 (MPEG 7322, 7332); 6 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 7304, 7305, 7306, 7327, 7328, 7330); 5 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 0.38, ALE 1.68, PME 1.45, PLE 2.05. Labium 2.53 long, 2.34 wide, 7228); 4 males, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7253); 1 male, 1 February (MPEG with more than 130 cuspules. Endites with more than 200 7277); 6 males, 1 female, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7283), all collected by cuspules each. Sternum moderately convex, 8.37 long, 6.67 wide, T. Gardner & M.A. Ribeiro; 1 male, 2 juveniles, 28.II.2005, Junior with posterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral leg. (MPEG 7234); Belém (00°49’58.65601"S, 52°39’29.69148"W), furrow with 11 larger teeth and 51 smaller basal ones. Stridula- 1 male, 18.I.1998, C. Silva leg. (MPEG 5183); 1 male (IBSP 107148); tory apparatus with 17 bristles. STC I with 6-8 teeth, II and III (Icoaraci, 00°49’ 58.42602"S, 52°35’39.63868"W), 1 female, with 6-7 and IV with 6. Palp: femur length 9.80, patella 6.24, 31.VII.1977, A. Moy leg. (MPEG 2210); 1 male, 4.IV.1976, R.F. da tibia 7.00, tarsus 6.61, total 29.65. Legs – I: femur 12.79, patella Silva leg. (MPEG 5129); (Ilha do Mosqueiro, 00°49’58.42602"S, 7.78, tibia 9.76, metatarsus 7.75, tarsus 5.02, total 43.12; II: 11.30, 52°35’39.63868"W), 1 female, 19-25.IV.1998, B. Mascarenhas et 7.22, 8.73, 7.98, 5.92, 41.15; III: 10.20, 6.38, 7.68, 9.56, 5.24, al. leg. (MPEG 5391); (Campus de Pesquisa MPEG, 01°27’03.03"S, 39.06; IV: 12.10, 7.02, 10.48, 12.99, 6.06, 48.65. Spines – palp: 48°26’40.2"W), 1 male, 17.I.1986, W. França leg. (MPEG 5194); 1 femur: p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-1p-1-3ap; I: femur p0-0-1, patella p0-1- female, 12.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti & N.F. Lo Man Hung leg. (MPEG 0, tibia v0-2-2-1ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; II: femur p0-0-1, pa- 15613); 1 male, 10.II.2010, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MPEG 15614); 1 tella p0-1-0, tibia v1-2-2-0-1p-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III: female (MPEG 5394); 1 female, 2.IV.2004, R.J. Morais leg. (MPEG femur p0-0-1, patella d2-2-2-0, tibia d2-2-1-2, v1-2-3ap, meta- 5128); 1 female, 10.XII.2004 (MPEG 5296); 1 male, 23.XI.2004, tarsus d1p-2-2, v2-2-0-4ap; IV: femur r0-0-1, tibia d1p-2-2, v0-2- L.T. Miglio leg. (MPEG 4705); 1 female, 13.VI.1991, B. Mascarenhas 2ap, metatarsus d1p-2-2, v3-2-1-2-1-1-1-1-4ap. Scopulae on leg. (MPEG 5110); (Porto de Palha, Depósito de Arroz, metatarsus I throughout ventral portion, II on distal third, III 00°49’58.42602"S, 52°35’39.63868"W), 1 male, L.C.Q. de Oliveira restricted to distal half and IV on distal third. All tarsi fully leg. (MPEG 5160); (Reduto, 00°49’58.65601"S, 52°39’29.69148"W), scopulate. Seminal receptacle with straight base (Figs 36-37). 1 male, 10.I.2006, R. Fonseca leg. (MPEG 4740); (Conjunto Ariri, Additional material examined. FRENCH GUYANA: Sinnamary Rodovia do 40, 01°1’32.45885"S, 52°54’17.27678"), 1 male, (5°22’54.53"N, 52°57’43.90"W): 3 females, (IBSP 103391, 113837, 5.XII.1995, A. Barros leg. (MPEG 5159); (Guamá, Campus da 115292); 1 juvenile (IBSP 113841); 2 males, (IBSP 113840, 113842), Universidade Federal do Pará, 1°27’41.71"S, 48°27’36.21"W), 1 all collected by Expedição Instituto Butantan; BRAZIL: 1 male iden- male, C. Bertim leg. (IBSP 108373); Melgaço (Estação Científica tified as A. ferina, W. Bücherl leg., (OUMNH); Pará: 14 females, 2 Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional Caxiuanã, 01°1’32.45885"S, immature males identified as A. brocklehursti, Reverend A. Miles 52°54’17.27678"W), 1 male, 7-13.II.2002, T. Gardner & M.A. Moss leg. (BMNH, dried collection); Almeirim (Jari, 00°41’25.93745"S, Ribeiro Júnior leg. (MPEG 198); Ananindeua (BR 316, Km 16, 52°49’9.21553"W), 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7248, 7222); 5 1°21’55.22"S, 48°20’5.17"W), 1 male, 10.XI.1976, R.F. da Silva leg. males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7246, 7286); 2 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG (IBSP 111218); Tomé-Açu (Rio Acará-Mirim, 2°24’49.75"S, 7297, 7307); 2 males, 27.III.2005 (MPEG 7309, 7245); 6 males, 48°8’58.50"W), 1 female, 1 juvenile, 7.IX.1952, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP 28.I.2005 (MPEG 7221); 3 males, 11.I.2005 (MPEG 7227); 1 male, 103393, 103114); Tucuruí (3°44’21.81"S, 49°39’58.91"W), 1 female 07.III.2005 (MPEG 7238); 1 male, 1.II.2005 (MPEG 7240); 3 males, (IBSP 107696). Amazonas: Manicoré (5°48’32.00"S, 61°17’60.00"W), 1 female, 11.II.2005 (MPEG 7243); 4 males, 1 female, 28.II.2005 2 females, 7.II.1972, M. Cerminante leg. (IBSP 101857, 103392); (MPEG 7247); 2 males, 1.II.2005 (MPEG 7257); 4 males, 7.III.2005 (Três Casas, Rio Madeira, 6°4’50.59"S, 61°45’16.22"W), 1 female, (MPEG 7282, 7285, 7288); 4 males, 28.II.2005 (MPEG 7284, 7287); 4.XII.1941 (IBSP 103394); Humaitá (7°30’22.00"S, 63°1’15.00"W),

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 73

1 female, 24.VIII.1972 (IBSP 103395), all collected by A.R. Hoge; num moderately convex, 8.7 long, 6.3 wide, with posterior 1 male, XI.1982, C. Dall’Aglio leg. (IBSP 107080). Rondônia: Porto sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with Velho (01°27’ 03.03"S, 48°26’40.2"W), 1 female, III.1983, I. Stranieri 13 larger teeth and 88 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory appara- leg. (IBSP 107323); 1 male, XII.1982, R. Redorat leg. (IBSP 147445); tus with around 18 bristles. STC I with 7 teeth, II with 6, III 9 males, II.1982, I. Stranieri leg. (IBSP 104099); (Abunã, with 4 and IV with 3. Measurements – palp: femur length 9.8, 9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 male, 21.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti patella 5.2, tibia 9.7, cymbium 4.8, total 29.5. Legs – I: femur leg. (MZSP 44328); Candeias do Jamari (Usina Hidrelétrica de 16.7, patella 8.5, tibia 13.4, metatarsus 13.1, tarsus 8.1, total Samuel, 8°45’4.58"S, 63°27’28.49"W), 3 males, II.1989 (IBSP 60.3; II: 15.2, 7.9, 12.2, 12.1, 7.9, 55.3; III: 14.1, 7.0, 10.2, 13.5, 107129, 107130, 104745); 1 male, XII.1988 (IBSP 107131); 1 fe- 8.0, 52.8; IV: 14.9, 7.5, 14.0, 18.2, 8.5, 63.1. Spines – palp: female, V.1989 (IBSP 107151), all collected by Equipe Resgate de mur p0-0-1, patella p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-2-6; leg I: femur p0-0-1, Fauna. tibia v4-1-1-3-2-1-1p-1-5ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; II: femur p0- Distribution. FRENCH G UYANA: department of Sinnamary and 0-1, tibia v1-2-2-1-1p-2p-5ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-0-4ap; III: fe- BRAZIL: states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia (Fig. 60, triangle). mur d0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia v0-0-1-2-3-2-3ap, metatarsus Synonymy. Acanthoscurria ferina and A. brocklehursti are v1p-1-3-2-2-3ap; IV: tibia v0-0-3-2-3-1-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-2- herein considered junior synonyms of A. theraphosoides. The 1-1-1-2-1r-2-1-1-3-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I covering dis- synonymies were established through the examination of the tal 3/4, II throughout distal half, III only on apex, absent on male holotype of A. theraphosoides, male holotype and female IV. All tarsi fully scopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with at allotype of A. ferina, female holotype of A. brocklehursti and least eight spines on apex (Figs 43-44). Palpal tibia with finger descriptions and illustrations given by SCHIAPELLI & GERSCHMAN like tubercle (Fig. 42). Male palpal bulb with SGA less pro- DE PIKELIN (1964) of the male holotype and female allotype of nounced and embolus poorly curved, PI projected until end of A. ferina, corroborated by the study of several specimens from embolus (Figs 45-46). the different collections examined. The specimens examined Female (IBSP 107145). Coloration: as in male, except cara- present the same morphology of sexual organs, male palpal pace light brown and abdomen light pinkish-brown (Fig. 39). bulb and tibial apophysis and female seminal receptacles. They Total length 42.2. Carapace 17.5 long, 14.9 wide. Fovea also share the same color pattern. procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 1.5 long, 2.2 Natural history. This species can dig tubular burrows lo- wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: cated under fallen trunks and in ravines. The tubular burrows AME 0.25, ALE 1.55, PME 1.20, PLE 1.81. Labium 2.85 long, have a circular shape, 3-4 cm wide and 10 to 20 cm deep. Males 2.20 wide, with more than 80 cuspules. Endites with more than were collected walking in the forest litter and on roads near 220 cuspules. Sternum moderately convex, 8.1 long, 6.5 wide, the forest and urban areas in Abunã, Porto Velho, Rondônia. with posterior sigillae two times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow with 13 larger teeth and 57 smaller basal ones. Stridula- Acanthoscurria insubtilis Simon, 1892 tory apparatus with 12 bristles. STC I with 5 teeth, II with 6, III Figs 38-48, 60 with 7 and IV with 6. Palp: femur length 9.9, patella 6.0, tibia 7.0, tarsus 6.0, total 28.9. Legs: I: femur 12.9, patella 7.4, tibia Acanthoscurria insubtilis Simon, 1892: 282 (male holotype, BOLIVIA, 10.0, metatarsus 7.5, tarsus 4.2, total 42.0; II: 11.1, 6.9, 7.5., 7.3, Cochabamba: San Mateo, G. Garlepp leg., deposited in MNHN 4.8, 37.6; III: 10.9, 6.0, 9.0, 8.3, 5.0, 39.4; IV: 13.0, 6.8, 10.0, AR 4784, examined). Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin, 1964: 13.9, 5.3, 49.0. Spines: palp: femur: p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-2-3ap; I: 412, pl. II, figs 1-8; Bertani, 2000: 30, figs 27-28; Platnick, 2014. femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-1-2-3ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; II: femur Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria insubtilis resembles A. p0-0-1, tibia v0-0-1p-3ap, metatarsus v1-1-0-3ap; III: femur p0- theraphosoides by the structure of sexual organs and body length 0-1, tibia v1-1p-2-2-2-3ap, metatarsus v2-1-1-3-1-1r-1r-4ap; IV: (33.3-42.2 mm), but it can be distinguished by a dark patch on femur p0-0-1,tibia v1-2-1-1-3-2-2ap, metatarsus v2-1-3-2-2-1-1- ventral side of abdomen (Fig. 40), male palpal bulb with SGA 1-2-1-3-3ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I on distal 3/4, II through- not pronounced and less curved embolus; PS projected and out ventral portion, III restricted to apical half and IV on apical fused to embolus (Figs 45-46). Female seminal receptacles di- third. All tarsi fully scopulate. Seminal receptacle with two very vergent, originating from a wide U-shaped base (Figs 47-48). evident lobes, distant from each other (Figs 47-48). Description. Male (IBSP 107648). Coloration brown in Variation. The carapace color of live females and juve- ethanol, but carapace, abdomen and legs brown with pink se- niles can be light brown to dark brown and the abdomen light tae on carapace, when alive (Fig. 38). Total length 33.3. Cara- pinkish-brown to dark pinkish-brown (Figs 39-41). pace 16.2 long, 14.9 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Acre: Senador Eye group rectangular 2.1 long, 3.1 wide. Anterior eye row Guiomard (Reserva Extrativista de Catuaba, 10°9’3"S, 67°44’9"W), procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.50, ALE 1.50, 1 male, 2002, E.F. Morato leg. (IBSP 114706). Amazonas: Japurá PME 1.25, PLE 2.00. Labium 2.40 long, 2.10 wide, with more (1°49’26"S, 66°36’15"W), 1 juvenile, XI.1952, A.R. Hoge leg. (IBSP than 120 cuspules. Endites with more than 260 cuspules. Ster- 103116). Mato Grosso: 1 male, 16.X.1963, S.C. Neves leg. (IBSP

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 74 F. dos S. Paula et al.

38 39

40 41

Figures 38-41. Acanthoscurria insubtilis from Porto Velho, Rondônia: (38) male (MZSP 56455), dorsal view; (39-40) female (MZSP 44493); (39) dorsal view; (40) ventral view; (41) juvenile digging its burrow with its palps and legs I-II on the natural habitat. Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

103656); Cuiabá (15°35’45"S, 56°5’49"W), 1 male, 19.XI.1988, 44488); 1 male, 14.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44489); 1 A. Lucia leg. (IBSP 110724); 1 male, 3.X.1982, S. Silva leg. (IBSP male, 21.IV.2012, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 56455); 1 male, 110725); 1 male, Fernando leg. (IBSP 112364); Santo Antônio de 29.IX.2012, R.P. Indicatti leg. (MZSP 56456); (Mutum, Leverger (15°51’57"S, 56°4’37"W), 1 male, III.1982, C. Roloff leg. 9°36’00.52"S, 65°05’08.91"W), 1 female, 17.XI.2011, R.P. Indicatti (IBSP 104713); Poconé (16°15’25"S, 56°37’22"W), 1 male (IBSP leg. (MZSP 44493); 1 female, 18.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP 107435); Pouso Alegre (Transpantaneira, 11°43’53.07"S, 45200); 1 female, 22.V.2013, A.A. Nogueira leg. (MZSP 55776); 57°20’16.30"W), 1 female, 25.X.2007, K. Anjos leg. (IBSP 100608); (Abunã, 9°38’17.58"S, 65°27’00.91"W), 1 female, 19.XI.2011, R.P. Nova Mutum (13°50’40.29"S, 56°4’5.71"W), 5 females, 6- Indicatti leg. (MZSP 44718); Candeias do Jamari (Usina 15.VII.2001, R.K. Ribeiro leg. (IBSP 111795). Rondônia: 1 male Hidrelétrica de Samuel, 8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 6 females, Janu- (IBSP 111942); Monte Negro (10°15’51"S, 63°20’2"W), 1 male ary-May 1989 (IBSP 107140, 107145, 107252, 107434, 107648, (IBSP 110147); Porto Velho (acesso a cachoeira do Teotônio, 113836,); 6 males, January-May 1989, (IBSP 107170, 107489, 8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 male, XII.1996, G. Puorto et al. leg. 107526, 107639, 107643, 113838), all collected by Equipe Resgate (IBSP 107092); Porto Velho (8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 male, de Fauna; Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá (19°0’32"S, 57°39’10"W), V.1985, I. Stranieri leg. (IBSP 107133); (Campus da Universidade 1 male, 19.II.1981, P. Mix leg. (IBSP 111171); Agachi (20°16’00"S, Federal de Rondônia, 8°45’43"S, 63°54’14"W), 1 female, 2007 56°13’0"W), 1 female, 15.IX.1952, C. Moraes leg. (IBSP 103015); (IBSP 115291); 1 female, 1 juvenile, 2007 (IBSP 115294); 1 male, (Base de Estudos do Pantanal, Universidade Federal Mato Grosso 2007 (IBSP 115311); 3 males, 2007 (IBSP 115293, 115295, do Sul, 1 male, 27 novembro 1993, J. Raizer leg. (IBSP 119737). 115296), all collected by L.S.P. Trigueiro; (Caiçara, 9°29’17.31"S, BOLIVIA. Beni: San Ramón (13°16’2"S, 64°37’2"W), 1 male, 64°49’12.02"W), 1 male, 13.XI.2011, D.F. Candiani leg. (MZSP 05.VII.2003, D.J. Mann leg. (OUMNH 2004-005).

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 75

42 43 44

45 46 47 48

Figures 42-48. Acanthoscurria insubtilis: (42-46) male (IBSP 107648); (42) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (43-44) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (43) prolateral view; (44) ventral view; (45-46) left male palpal bulb; (45) prolateral view; (46) retrolateral view; (47-48) female (IBSP 107145), spermathecae; (47) ventral view; (48) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Distribution. BOLIVIA: department of Cochabamba and of the seminal receptacle more projected and with a narrower firstly recorded for BRAZIL: states of Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, base (Figs 50-51). The seminal receptacle of A. tarda resembles Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul (Fig. 62). that of A. natalensis (see LUCAS et al. 2011: figs 7-8) in its trap- Remarks. SIMON (1892) cited that A. insubtilis was collected ezoid shape, but can be distinguished by a shallower groove in by G. Garlepp in Bolivia. LOURENÇO & LEGUIN (2011) confirmed the medioapical area of the base of the spermatheca, alongside that G. Garlepp collected numerous arachnids in the region of the larger seminal receptacles (Figs 50-51). San Mateo, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Based on the examination Description. Female (BMNH 1898-2-12-5). Coloration: dark of the holotype, the description of SCHIAPELLI & GERSCHMAN DE brown (Fig. 49). Total length 62.0. Carapace 26.0 long, 23.0 wide. PIKELIN (1964) and comparison with specimens from several Fovea procurved. Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.2 long, collections, we confirmed the presence of this species in the 3.9 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: Brazilian Amazonian region. AME 1.0, ALE 0.7, PME 1.2, PLE 4.1. Labium 3.0 long, 4.6 wide, Natural history. The species is mainly nocturnal but some- with more than 100 cuspules. Endites with more than 200 cuspules times it can be found during the day. It digs tubular burrows each. Sternum moderately convex, 11.4 long, 10.9 wide, with pos- under rocks, fallen trunks, both in ravines and ground level. terior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Stridulatory appa- The tubular burrows are 3-4 cm wide and 10-20 cm deep. A fe- ratus with 15 visible bristles. Palp: femur length 14.1, patella 7.6, male of A. insubtilis was observed, during the night, digging a tibia 9.7, tarsus 9.6, total 41.0. Legs: I: femur 18.1, patella 10.7, burrow with her palps and legs I-II (Fig. 41), as in some other tibia 13.4, metatarsus 11.5, tarsus 8.6, total 62.3; II: 16.1, 9.3, 11.2, Theraphosidae (PÉREZ-MILES et al. 2005, INDICATTI et al. 2008) and 11.2, 8.6, 56.4; III: 14.4, 8.4, 9.8, 12.6, 8.1, 53.3; IV: 17.5, 8.5, 12.7, the majority of other mygalomorphs (COYLE 1971, LUCAS et al. 17.7, 8.7, 65.1. Spines – palp: femur: p0-0-1, patella v0-1-1-0, tibia 2005, 2008). Males were collected walking in the forest litter. v0-1p-1-2p-4ap, d0-0-2-1-0; I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-2-1-1-3ap, d0- 1-0, metatarsus v0-1-2ap; II: femur p0-0-1, tibia v2-1-1p-1-3ap, Acanthoscurria tarda Pocock, 1903 p1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1p-0-3ap; III: femur p0-0-2ap, tibia v0-2- Figs 49-51, 60 2ap, d2-2-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1-1-3ap, p2-1r-1r-1r-2ap; IV: tibia

Acanthoscurria tarda Pocock, 1903: 87 (female holotype, BRAZIL, v0-2-1-2ap, d2-2-2ap, metatarsus v1-3-2-2-2-1p-2-2-3-2ap, d0-1p- Amazonas: Tefé, Dr. Bach leg., deposited in BMNH 1898, 2ap. Scopulae on metatarsi I-II throughout ventral portion, III examined); Platnick, 2014. restricted to apical half and IV to apical third. All tarsi fully Diagnosis. The female of A. tarda can be distinguished scopulate. Seminal receptacle with two very evident lobes and from other Amazonian species of the genus by the two lobes narrower base (Figs 50-51). Male. Unknown.

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 76 F. dos S. Paula et al.

50 51 Figures 49-51. Acanthoscurria tarda, female holotype (BMNH 1898): (49) dorsal view; (50-51) spermathecae; (50) ventral view; (51) dorsal view. Photos: R. Gabriel.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Tefé, state of Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 60, gray circle). Remarks. The present redescription was based on the holotype, the only available specimen, too fragile to be manipulated and to allow examination of all characters (Figs 49-51).

Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. Figs 52-60

Type material. Male holotype, BRAZIL, Pará: Belterra (3°14’35.52"S, 54°59’23.14"W), (Floresta Nacional Tapajós), 20.II.2010, S.C.B. Sousa leg. (IBSP 161719). Paratypes: 3 males, with same data of holotype, J.F. Lemos leg. (IBSP 161713; 161715; 161717); 1 male, with same data of holotype, H.R. Batista leg. (FIT 719); 1 female, with same data of holotype, J.F. Lemos leg. (FIT 720); 1 female, with same data of holotype, A.P.S. Silva leg. (IBSP 161718). Diagnosis. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. resembles Figure 52. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov., dead specimen, male A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão, 1923 by the general color and struc- (IBSP 161719) from Belterra, Pará, dorsal view. Photo: Rafael P. Indicatti.

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 77

53 54 55

56 57 59

Figures 53-59. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov.: (53-57) male (IBSP 161719); (53) left palpal tibia, ventral view; (54-55) left tibial apophysis of leg I; (54) prolateral view; (55) ventral view; (56-57) left male palpal bulb; (56) prolateral view; (57) retrolateral view; (58- 59) female (IBSP 161718), spermathecae; (58) ventral view; (59) dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm.

ture of sexual organs (see GONZALEZ-FILHO et al. 2012: figs 2 A-F). tory apparatus with around 17 bristles. STC I with 8 teeth, II The male can be distinguished by the less curved embolus and with 6, III with 4 and IV with 6. Measurements: palp: femur the very projected PS and PI, giving a triangular aspect to the length 10.9, patella 6.2, tibia 9.8, cymbium 4.0, total 30.9. Legs apex of embolus (Figs 56-57) and female seminal receptacle – I: femur 17.1, patella 9.1, tibia 15.0, metatarsus 13.6, tarsus presenting a larger and narrow basis (Figs 58-59). 7.6, total 62.4; II: 16.6, 8.1, 14.0, 13.4, 8.0, 60.1; III: 14.8, 6.2, Description. Male (IBSP 161719). Coloration: general as- 11.8, 15.9, 7.0, 55.7; IV: 17.2, 7.6, 16.1, 21.9, 6.4, 69.2. Spines – pect chestnut-brown, carapace dark bordered by a band of short palp: femur p0-0-1, tibia p0-1-3-2-1; leg I: femur p0-0-1, tibia creamy-pink setae; dorsal surface of femora, abdomen and che- v2r-1-1-2-2-2-1-2-1r-6ap; II: femur p0-0-1, patella r0-1-0, tibia licerae dark covered with chestnut-brown setae. Two longitu- v2-2-1p-2-1-2-1p-4ap, metatarsus v1-1-1p-1-4ap; III: femur d0- dinal bands of light short setae on patella and tibia of all legs; 0-2, tibia v1-1r-2-2-1r-1p-2-3ap, metatarsus v1p-1-3-2-2-3-4ap; femora, patella, tibia and metatarsus with small cream-pink IV: tibia v1-1r-1p-2-1-2-1r-2-3ap, metatarsus v2-1-2-1-2-2-1p- setae forming very narrow apical band (Fig. 52). Total length 2-3-2-4ap. Scopulae on metatarsus I throughout ventral por- 36.6. Carapace 19.0 long, 16.2 wide. Fovea procurved. Clypeus tion, II on distal 2/3, III only apical and absent on IV. All tarsi narrow. Eye group rectangular 2.5 long, 1.9 wide. Anterior eye fully scopulate. Tibial apophysis of leg I with at least 6 spines row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.35, ALE on apex (Figs 54-55). Palpal tibia with blunt tubercle (Fig. 53). 1.66, PME 1.35, PLE 1.88. Labium 3.8 long, 2.37 wide, with Male palpal bulb with long and thickened embolus ending like more than 60 cuspules. Endites with more than 200 cuspules a shell, with well developed superior and inferior keels (Figs each. Sternum moderately convex, 9.9 long, 7.2 wide, with 56-57). posterior sigillae six times larger than anterior. Cheliceral fur- Female (IBSP 161718). Coloration as in male, two longi- row with 12 larger teeth and 74 smaller basal ones. Stridula- tudinal bands of setae on patella and tibia of all legs wider. Total

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 78 F. dos S. Paula et al.

60 61

62 63

Figures 60-63. Known distribution of Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria: (60) Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. (square); A. simoensi (star), A. tarda (gray circle), A. theraphosoides (triangle); (61) A. juruenicola; (62) A. insubtilis; (63) A. geniculata.

length 41.0. Carapace 19.9 long, 15.2 wide. Fovea procurved. Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Belterra, Clypeus narrow. Eye group rectangular 1.8 long, 2.9 wide. Ante- Pará, Brazil (Fig. 60, square). rior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eye sizes: AME 0.41, Natural history. Acanthoscurria belterrensis sp. nov. was ALE 1.75, PME 1.45, PLE 2.05. Labium 2.50 long, 2.25 wide, collected only in the Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, on the bor- with more than 85 cuspules. Endites with more than 240 cuspules der of the city of Belterra, Pará. All specimens were collected in each. Sternum moderately convex, 8.9 long, 7.6 wide, with pos- 100 l herpetological pitfall traps in an ecological study to cap- terior sigillae three times larger than anterior. Cheliceral furrow ture snakes in the area during February 2010. with 12 larger teeth and 76 smaller basal ones. Stridulatory ap- Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, paratus with 19 bristles. STC I with 6 teeth, II with 5, III with 3 Belterra, in the state of Pará. and IV with 4. Measurements: palp: femur length 9.5, patella 6.1, tibia 7.9, tarsus 6.5, total 30.0. Legs – I: femur 14.0, patella Identification key to Brazilian Amazonian 8.0, tibia 11.5, metatarsus 9.0, tarsus 6.0, total 48.5; II: 12.5, 7.8, Acanthoscurria species 9.6, 9.0, 5.2, 44.1; III: 11.1, 6.9, 8.5, 10.9, 5.0, 42.4; IV: 14.5, 7.4, Males 11.2, 15.6, 6.0, 54.7. Spines – palp: femur: p0-1-0, tibia v0-1-2-2- Male of A. tarda is unknown. 3ap; leg I: femur p0-0-1, tibia v0-1-1-3ap, metatarsus v1-0-0-3ap; 1. Male palpal bulb with embolus ending like a shell (Figs 6-7), II: femur p0-0-1, tibia v1-1-0-1p-3ap, metatarsus v2-1r-0-3ap; III: palpal tibia with a blunt tubercle and twice as long as broad femur d0-0-1-0, patella r0-1-0-0, tibia v1r-1p-2-1p-1r-2-3ap, meta- (Fig. 3) ...... 2 tarsus d0-0-1, p1-3-1-2-2-4ap; IV: tibia v2-2-2-2-2ap, metatarsus v1-1-1-1-1p-2-2-4-2-3-2-1r-4ap. Scopulae on distal half of meta- 1’. Male palpal bulb with embolus of different aspect, finger- tarsi I-II, III only on apex and absent on IV. All tarsi fully like tubercle on the palpal tibia (Fig. 42) ...... 5 scopulate. Seminal receptacle with a square base and two small 2. Male palpal bulb with an accessory keel, sometimes vestigial apical lobes (Figs 58-59). (Figs 6-7, 10-13), between PS and PI keels ...... 3

ZOOLOGIA 31 (1): 63–80, February, 2014 On the Brazilian Amazonian species of Acanthoscurria 79

2’. Male palpal bulb without an accessory keel ...... 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3. Spiders of dark coloration (almost black), with the distal end of each segment broadly tipped with short creamy- We thank Cristina A. Rheims, Carol O’Connell, Alexandre pink setae, long bright-red setae on abdomen (Figs 1-2) and Martorano, Gabriel Mejdalani and two anonymous reviewers accessory keel elongated (Figs 6-7) ...... A. geniculata for their valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript; curators for allowing access to museum collections, arranging 3’. Body brown, with two very distinct longitudinal bands of loans and allowing examination of material; Jason Dunlop who light short setae on patella and tibia of all legs. Apex of kindly took and sent us photos of the type specimen of A. femora, patella, tibia and metatarsus with small creamy- geniculata; Nancy F. Lo Man Hung and David F. Candiani for pink setae (Fig. 14) and accessory keel of palpal bulb helping with MPEG material; Energia Sustentável do Brasil (ESBR) shortened (Figs 18-19) ...... A. juruenicola and Arcadis Logos S.A. for support during field work for collect- 4. Palpal bulb with short and curved embolus, PS and PI ing specimens from Abunã, Caiçara, Mutum, Nova Mutum projected and triangular (Figs 56-57)A. belterrensis sp. nov. Paraná (all localities near Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau), Porto 4’. Male palpal bulb with straighter, longer and projected Velho, Rondônia. This study was supported by funds from the embolus (Figs 25-26) ...... A. simoensi INCTTox PROGRAM of CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvol- 5. SGA projected like a hump with a short and curved embolus vimento Científico e Tecnológico) to FSP (grant 370966/2009- (Figs 34-35) ...... A. theraphosoides 0, ATP) and ADB (grant 2009/12017-0, PQ) and FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, grant 5’. SGA less projected, with a less curved embolus, the PI 2011/50689-0 to ADB and SML, 2012/18287-1 to RPI). projected until the tip of the embolus (Figs 45-46), and the ventral side of abdomen with a black patch (Fig. 40) ...... A. insubtilis LITERATURE CITED

Females AUSSERER, A. 1871. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie 1. Base of seminal receptacles square or trapezoid with two der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae). Verhandlungen der apical lobes (Figs 8-9) ...... 2 zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 21: 117-224. 1’. Base of seminal receptacles not as above ...... 6 BERTANI, R. 2000. Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of 2. Seminal receptacles with lobes totally enveloped by basal Arachnology 28: 29-42. doi: 10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028 membrane (Figs 58-59) ...... A. belterrensis sp. nov. [0029:MPBAHF]2.0.CO;2. 2’. Seminal receptacles with evident lobes ...... 3 BERTANI, R. 2001. Revision, cladistic analysis and zoogeography 3. Base of seminal receptacles long and rectangular with two of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other apical lobes near each other (Figs 27-28) ...... A. simoensi Theraphosinae genera (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Arquivos 3’. Base of seminal receptacles square ...... 4 de Zoologia 36: 265-356. doi: 10.11606/issn.2176- 7793.v36i3p265-356. 4. Lobes of seminal receptacles more projected and with a CAMBRIDGE, F.O.P. 1896. On the Theraphosidae of the lower narrower base (Figs 50-51) ...... A. tarda Amazons: being an account of the new genera and species 4’. Seminal receptacles not as above ...... 5 of this group of spiders discovered during the expedition of 5. Body dark, almost black, with the distal end of each segment the steamship “Faraday” up the river Amazons. Proceedings broadly covered with short creamy-pink setae, long bright- of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 716-766. red setae on abdomen (Fig. 2) and seminal receptacles with COYLE, F. 1971. Systematics and natural history of the evident apical lobes (Figs 8-9) ...... A. geniculata mygalomorph genus Antrodiaetus and related genera (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae). Bulletin of the Museum of 5’. Body brown, with two very distinct longitudinal bands of Comparative Zoology 141: 269-402. light short setae on patella and tibia of all legs. Apex of INDICATTI, R.P.; S.M. LUCAS; J.P.L. GUADANUCCI & F.U. YAMAMOTO. femora, patella, tibia and metatarsi with small creamy-pink 2008. Revalidation and revision of the genus Magulla Simon, setae, with less evident lobes on seminal receptacles (Figs 1892 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 20-21) ...... A. juruenicola 1814: 21-36. 6. Seminal receptacles with U-shaped base and apical lobes GONZALEZ-FILHO, H.M.O.; S.M. LUCAS; F.S. PAULA; R.P. INDICATTI & A.D. distant from each other (Figs 47-48), ventral side of BRESCOVIT. 2012. On the taxonomy of Acanthoscurria Ausserer abdomen with a black patch (Fig. 40) ...... A. insubtilis from Southeastern Brazil with data on the natural history of 6’. Seminal receptacles heart-shaped, with a single narrow base, A. gomesiana Mello-Leitão (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, and apical lobes close to each other (Figs 36-37) ...... Theraphosidae). International Journal of Zoology 2012: 1- ...... A. theraphosoides 11. doi: 10.1155/2012/721793.

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Submitted: 30.VIII.2013; Accepted: 16.I.2014. Editorial responsibility: Gabriel L.F. Mejdalani

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