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Universidade De São Paulo Escola De Comunicações E Artes Departamento De Informação E Cultura UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE COMUNICAÇÕES E ARTES DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÃO E CULTURA Bruna Acylina Gallo Indicadores de Produção Científica: o caso do Instituto Butantan São Paulo 2019 Bruna Acylina Gallo Indicadores de Produção Científica: o caso do Instituto Butantan Relatório Final de Iniciação Científica submetido ao Departamento de Informação e Cultura da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo. Orientador: Profª. Drª. Nair Yumiko Kobashi São Paulo 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer à minha orientadora, professora Nair Yumiko Kobashi por orientar este trabalho e por tantos aprendizados. E à Mariana Crivelente por me auxiliar nessa caminhada, pela paciência e colaboração, pois o trabalho analisou parte dos dados do projeto de sua dissertação “Métodos e técnicas bibliométricas de análise de produção científica: um estudo crítico”, do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciência da Informação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes. RESUMO Análise de produção científica do Instituto Butantan, do período 2007-2016, recuperados na Plataforma Lattes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender os conceitos e métodos da Bibliometria e realizar um estudo de caso para aplicá-los. O trabalho seguiu os seguintes procedimentos: revisão de literatura; recuperação de artigos de pesquisadores do Instituto Butantan registrados na Plataforma Lattes; limpeza e normalização dos dados; tratamento bibliométrico dos dados; comparação dos resultados com os indicadores de produção científica publicados nos relatórios anuais do Instituto Butantan. Os resultados referem-se aos seguintes aspectos: indicadores de produção científica e de outras atividades de pesquisa e discussão dos problemas encontrados na produção de indicadores. O processo de pesquisa foi importante para conhecer os conceitos e métodos da Bibliometria e trazer à luz os diversos problemas enfrentados em estudos bibliométricos. Palavras-chave: Bibliometria. Produção científica. Instituto Butantan. SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Problema da Pesquisa ................................................................................................6 1.2 Hipóteses de trabalho .................................................................................................7 1.3 Objetivos ......................................................................................................................8 1.3.1 Objetivo Geral ...........................................................................................................8 1.3.2 Objetivos Específicos ...............................................................................................8 2 REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO ............................................................................. 8 2.1 A Comunicação Científica ...........................................................................................8 2.2 A Bibliometria ..............................................................................................................9 2.2.1 As Principais Bases de Dados Referenciais .........................................................10 2.2.2 As Principais Leis da Bibliometria ..........................................................................12 2.2.2.1 Lei de Lotka .........................................................................................................12 2.2.2.2 Lei de Bradford ....................................................................................................12 2.2.2.3 Lei de Zipf ............................................................................................................13 2.2.3 Indicadores Bibliométricos .....................................................................................13 2.2.4 Análises de Citação de Autor .................................................................................14 2.2.4.1 Índice H................................................................................................................14 2.2.4.2 Fator de Impacto .................................................................................................15 2.2.5 Colaboração Científica ...........................................................................................15 3 METODOLOGIA ........................................................................................... 16 3.1 Levantamento e Coleta dos Dados ...........................................................................17 3.2 Tratamento dos Dados ..............................................................................................19 3.3 Tratamento Bibliométrico ..........................................................................................22 3.4 Tratamento Estatístico e Representação Gráfica .....................................................22 4 ANÁLISES E RESULTADOS ....................................................................... 23 4.1 Evolução cronológica das publicações no período analisado ..................................23 4.2 Comparação entre os dados da Plataforma Lattes e Relatórios anuais do IB (dados Web of Science) ...........................................................................................27 4.3 Fonte de publicações ................................................................................................28 4.4 Pesquisadores com maior número de publicações ..................................................29 4.5 Afiliação dos autores em cooperação com IB ..........................................................30 5 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .......................................................................... 31 REFERÊNCIAS ........................................................................................... 35 APÊNDICE .................................................................................................. 40 APÊNDICE A – Lista com os registros coletados na Plataforma Lattes........40 6 1 INTRODUÇÃO Este relatório apresenta os resultados do estudo bibliométrico da produção científica do Instituto Butantan. Foi realizado com a colaboração de Mariana Ramos Crivelente, aluna do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade de São Paulo (PPGCI-USP), que desenvolve o projeto de mestrado “Métodos e técnicas bibliométricas de análise de produção científica: um estudo crítico”. O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi compreender os métodos bibliométricos e utilizá-los em um estudo de caso. Sua realização baseia-se nos dez princípios do Manifesto de Leiden (HICKS et al., 2015): ● a avaliação quantitativa deve dar suporte à avaliação qualitativa especializada; ● o desempenho deve ser medido de acordo com a missão da instituição, do grupo ou do pesquisador; ● é necessário proteger a excelência da pesquisa localmente relevante; ● a coleta de dados e os processos analíticos serão mantidos abertos, transparentes e simples; ● é permitido que os avaliados verifiquem os dados e as análises; ● as diferenças entre áreas nas práticas de publicação e citação serão consideradas; ● a avaliação de pesquisadores individuais será baseada no juízo qualitativo da sua carreira; ● serão evitadas a solidez mal colocada e a falsa precisão; ● serão reconhecidos os efeitos sistêmicos da avaliação e dos indicadores; ● deve-se examinar e atualizar os indicadores regularmente 1.1 Problema da Pesquisa As Políticas científicas têm como um de seus objetivos definir áreas prioritárias para alocar financiamento. Os indicadores utilizados são produzidos por métodos bibliométricos. No entanto, os indicadores quantitativos utilizados nem sempre são suficientemente confiáveis por dois motivos principais: ser produzidos com base em amostras não representativas ou elaborados por pessoas sem experiência. De acordo com Van Raan (2005, p.133, tradução nossa) “o “perigo” 7 não está no produtor de dados, mas nas organizações gananciosas que compram indicadores prontos para uso, sem competência para entender o que é medido”. A Web of Science (WoS) é uma das bases de dados mais utilizada pelas instituições de ensino e pesquisa para produzir indicadores da ciência. Suas bases de dados são constituídas de periódicos científicos selecionados com base nos seguintes pré-requisitos (TESTA, 1998): ● regularidade de publicação; ● diversidade internacional de autores e autores citados; ● qualidade editorial do periódico, incluindo a apresentação de informação bibliográfica e de referências bibliográficas completas, afiliação dos autores, título e resumo descritivos; ● presença de título, resumo e palavras-chave em inglês; ● avaliação por pares para decisão de publicação de artigos no periódico. Porém, há críticas em relação aos critérios de avaliação da WoS ISI visto que eles atendem aos interesses de países centrais da ciência mainstream (SPINAK,1998, p. 146), não sendo considerada representativa da produção científica mundial. Esse problema afeta a produção de indicadores de países periféricos. (HOOD e WILSON, 2003). É necessário, portanto, buscar outras fontes de dados. O Brasil produz a Plataforma Lattes, base de dados que vem sendo utilizada como alternativa nos estudos bibliométricos de produção de indicadores. Criada em 1999 pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), tem abrangência nacional com cobertura exaustiva da produção científica de pesquisadores. O CVLattes é preenchido pelos próprios pesquisadores, não sendo submetido a correções pelo CNPq, fato que afeta a consistência
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