Arthropod Envenomation
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Under the Direction of R. Michael Roe
ABSTRACT DONOHUE, KEVIN VINCENT. Genomics of Tick Reproduction and Development. (Under the direction of R. Michael Roe). The major hemelipoglyco-carrier protein (CP) found throughout the development of male and female adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) was sequenced. DvCP is a single transcript coding for two protein subunits that together contain three motifs—(a) a lipoprotein n-terminal domain that is a common attribute of proteins that bind lipids, carbohydrates and metals, (b) a domain of unknown function characteristic of proteins with several large open beta sheets and (c) a von Willebrand factor type D domain near the carboxy-terminus apparently important for multimerization. These motifs also found in tick vitellogenin are not shared by heme-binding proteins studied thus far in other hematophagous insects. DvCP message was highest in fat body and salivary gland but was also found in midgut and ovary. Expression was initiated by blood feeding in virgin females and not by mating typical of tick vitellogenin (Vg); and the message was found in fed males at levels similar to part fed, virgin females. CP appears to be highly conserved among the Ixodida and shares a common origin with Vg. In the second part of this study, the tick synganglion transcriptome was studied by pyrosequencing to identify neuropeptides that regulate reproduction and development. Here we characterize fourteen putative neuropeptides (allatostatin, insulin-like peptide, ion-transport peptide, sulfakinin, bursicon alpha/beta, eclosion hormone, glycoprotein hormone alpha/beta, corazonin, four orcokinins) and five neuropeptide receptors (gonadotropin receptor, leucokinin-like receptor, sulfakinin receptor, calcitonin receptor, pyrokinin receptor) from the synganglion of female American dog ticks. -
Comparative Analyses of Venoms from American and African Sicarius Spiders That Differ in Sphingomyelinase D Activity
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Toxicon 55 (2010) 1274–1282 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Comparative analyses of venoms from American and African Sicarius spiders that differ in sphingomyelinase D activity Pamela A. Zobel-Thropp*, Melissa R. Bodner 1, Greta J. Binford Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219, USA article info abstract Article history: Spider venoms are cocktails of toxic proteins and peptides, whose composition varies at Received 27 August 2009 many levels. Understanding patterns of variation in chemistry and bioactivity is funda- Received in revised form 14 January 2010 mental for understanding factors influencing variation. The venom toxin sphingomyeli- Accepted 27 January 2010 nase D (SMase D) in sicariid spider venom (Loxosceles and Sicarius) causes dermonecrotic Available online 8 February 2010 lesions in mammals. Multiple forms of venom-expressed genes with homology to SMase D are expressed in venoms of both genera. -
Loxosceles Laeta
Parasitología Artículo Original Desarrollo de cohortes y parámetros poblacionales de la araña del rincón Loxosceles laeta Mauricio Canals y Rigoberto Solís Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Development and population parameters of cohorts of the Chilean Chile. Facultad de Medicina, recluse spider Loxosceles laeta Departamento de Medicina (Oriente) (MC). Background: Despite the abundant eco-epidemiological knowledge of the Chilean reclusive spider, Loxosceles Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y laeta, which causes all forms of loxoscelism in Chile, the main characteristics of this species its stages of develop- Silvoagropecuarias, Departamento ment remains poorly known especially in the medical area. Objective: In this study we address these issues with de Ciencias Biológicas Animales the goal of providing clear images of the development of this species and for the first time on population projec- (RS). tions as well as the relationship between mature and immature instars, useful data for the control and prevention Recibido: 5 de marzo de 2014 of accidental bites. Results: We found that L. laeta is an r-selected species, with R0 = 2.1, a generation time of Aceptado: 17 de julio de 2014 G = 2.1 years, with a concentration of the reproductive value of females between the first and second year of life. We determined the average sizes and development times of all instars. The first vary between 2.3 mm at birth and Correspondencia a: about 13 mm at adulthood. The total development time was about 1 year. Discussion: The population projection Mauricio Canals Lamabarri [email protected] by Leslie matrix suggested great capacity for growth and dispersal with clear seasonal population fluctuations associated with reproduction. -
Pilbara Project Short-Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey
Short-Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Report: FerrAus Pilbara Project Prepared for FerrAus Ltd Final Report 5HY October 2010 Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 1 Short-range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey Final Report FerrAus Pilbara Project FerrAus Ltd Short-range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey 3URMHFW)HUU$XV3LOEDUD3URMHFW )LQDO5HSRUW5HY October 2010 Authors: Conor O’Neill and Jarrad Clark Reviewer: Melanie White Prepared for FerrAus Ltd Prepared by: Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd © 2010 Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd The information contained in this report is solely for the use of the Client for the purpose in which it has been prepared and Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd accepts no responsibility for use beyond this purpose. Any person or organisation wishing to quote or reproduce any section of this report may only do so with the written permission of Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd or FerrAus Ltd. Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 1/511 Wanneroo Road BALCATTA WA 6021 P: 08 9345 1608 F: 08 6313 0680 E: [email protected] Project code: 952-DC-FER-SRE Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd i Short-range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Survey Final Report FerrAus Pilbara Project FerrAus Ltd TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... -
FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) Vol. 4 No. 2, June, 2020, Pp 92 - 100 92 EFFECT of PHYSICO-CHEMICAL… Akpan, Et Al., FJS
FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) EFFECT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL… ISSNAkpan, online: et al., 2616 -1370 FJS ISSN print: 2645 - 2944 Vol. 4 No. 2, June, 2020, pp 92 -100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs -2020-0402-206 EFFECT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF TERMITES AND OTHER ARTHROPODS IN TERMITE MOUNDS IN UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. *1Akpan, Akaninyene Udoh, 2Ojianwuna, Chioma Cynthia, 1Ubulom, Peace Mayen Edwin, 1Clement Ameh Yaro, 1Oboho, Diligent Efiong. 1Entomology Unit – Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 2Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, Abraka. Delta State. Nigeria *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Termites are generally regarded as pests, although they have some beneficial roles to play in the ecosystem, particularly in the soil. This study was conducted between January 2018 and April 2018, to determine the effect of physico-chemical parametrs on abundance and diversity of termites and other arthropods in termite mounds in Uinversity of Uyo Community. Soil samples were randomly collected from six termite mounds from two sites for physiochemical parameters analysis and these were temperature, pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, sodium, potassium, manganese and iron.. The termites and other arthropods were preserved in 70% ethanol. Temperature and moisture content, copper, sodium and iron were significant. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters affected the termite species abundance as station 1 (539) had relatively more of the termite species than station 2 (551), and also affected the diversity of the termites as station 1 (0.89) had relatively more diversity of the termites than station 2 (0.66). -
Niche Modelling of the Chilean Recluse Spider Loxosceles Laeta and Araneophagic Spitting Spider Scytodes Globula and Risk for Loxoscelism in Chile
Medical and Veterinary Entomology (2016) 30, 383–391 doi: 10.1111/mve.12184 Niche modelling of the Chilean recluse spider Loxosceles laeta and araneophagic spitting spider Scytodes globula and risk for loxoscelism in Chile M. CANALS1, A. TAUCARE-RIOS2, A. D. BRESCOVIT3, F.PEÑA-GOMEZ2,G.BIZAMA2, A. CANALS1,4, L. MORENO5 andR. BUSTAMANTE2 1Departamento de Medicina and Programa de Salud Ambiental, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil, 4Dirección Académica, Clínica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile and 5Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile Abstract. In Chile, all necrotic arachnidism is attributed to the Chilean recluse spider Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) (Araneae: Sicariidae). It is predated by the spitting spider Scytodes globula (Nicolet) (Araneae: Scytodidae). The biology of each of these species is not well known and it is important to clarify their distributions. The aims of this study are to elucidate the variables involved in the niches of both species based on environmental and human footprint variables, and to construct geographic maps that will be useful in estimating potential distributions and in defining a map of estimated risk for loxoscelism in Chile. Loxosceles laeta was found to be associated with high temperatures and low rates of precipitation, whereas although S. globula was also associated with high temperatures, its distribution was associated with a higher level of precipitation. The main variable associated with the distribution of L. -
Loxosceles Laeta (Nicolet) (Arachnida: Araneae) in Southern Patagonia
Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 ISSN: 1851-7471 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina The recent expansion of Chilean recluse Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) (Arachnida: Araneae) in Southern Patagonia Faúndez, Eduardo I.; Alvarez-Muñoz, Claudia X.; Carvajal, Mariom A.; Vargas, Catalina J. The recent expansion of Chilean recluse Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) (Arachnida: Araneae) in Southern Patagonia Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 79, no. 2, 2020 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Argentina Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322062959008 PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Notas e recent expansion of Chilean recluse Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) (Arachnida: Araneae) in Southern Patagonia La reciente expansión de Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet) (Arachnida: Araneae) en la Patagonia Austral Eduardo I. Faúndez Laboratorio de entomología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile Claudia X. Alvarez-Muñoz Unidad de zoonosis, Secretaria Regional Ministerial de Salud de Aysén, Chile Mariom A. Carvajal [email protected] Laboratorio de entomología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile Catalina J. Vargas Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 79, no. 2, 2020 Laboratorio de entomología, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, Magallanes, Chile Argentina Received: 06 February 2020 Accepted: 03 May 2020 Published: 29 June 2020 Abstract: e recent expansion of the Chilean recluse Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/ in southern Patagonia is commented and discussed in the light of current global change. articulo.oa?id=322062959008 New records are provided from both Región de Aysén and Región de Magallanes. -
Brown Recluse Spider, Loxosceles Reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik (Arachnida: Araneae: Sicariidae)1 G
EENY299 Brown Recluse Spider, Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik (Arachnida: Araneae: Sicariidae)1 G. B. Edwards2 Introduction Kansas, east through middle Missouri to western Tennessee and northern Alabama, and south to southern Mississippi. The brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Gorham (1968) added Illinois, Kentucky, and northern Mulaik, is frequently reported in Florida as a cause of Georgia. Later, he added Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana and necrotic lesions in humans. For example, in the year 2000 Ohio, with scattered introductions in other states, includ- alone, Loft (2001) reported that the Florida Poison Control ing Florida; his map indicated a record in the vicinity of Network had recorded nearly 300 alleged cases of brown Tallahassee (Gorham 1970). recluse bites in the state; a subset of 95 of these bites was reported in the 21 counties (essentially Central Florida) under the jurisdiction of the regional poison control center in Tampa. I called the Florida Poison Control Network to confirm these numbers, and was cited 182 total cases and 96 in the Tampa region. The actual numbers are less important than the fact that a significant number of unconfirmed brown recluse spider bites are reported in the state every year. Yet not one specimen of brown recluse spider has ever been collected in Tampa, and the only records of Loxosceles species in the entire region are from Orlando and vicinity. A general review of the brown recluse, along with a critical examination of the known distribution of brown recluse and related spiders in Florida, seems in order at this time. Figure 1. Female brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Distribution Mulaik. -
Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae: Missulena) from the Pilbara Region, Western Australia
Zootaxa 3637 (5): 521–540 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.5.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:447D8DF5-F922-4B3A-AC43-A85225E56C57 New species of Mouse Spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae: Missulena) from the Pilbara region, Western Australia DANILO HARMS1, 2, 3, 4 & VOLKER W. FRAMENAU1, 2, 3 1 School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia. 2 Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Australia. 3 Phoenix Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd, 1/511 Wanneroo Road, Balcatta, Western Australia 6021, Australia. 4 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Two new species of Mouse Spiders, genus Missulena, from the Pilbara region in Western Australia are described based on morphological features of males. Missulena faulderi sp. nov. and Missulena langlandsi sp. nov. are currently known from a small area in the southern Pilbara only. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence divergence failed in clearly delimiting species in Missulena, but provided a useful, independent line of evidence for taxonomic work in addition to morphology. Key words: taxonomy, systematics, barcoding, mitochondrial DNA, short-range endemism, Actinopus, Plesiolena Introduction The Actinopodidae Simon, 1892 is a small family of mygalomorph spiders with a Gondwanan distribution that includes three genera: Actinopus Perty, 1833 (27 species), Missulena Walckenaer, 1805 (11 species) and Plesiolena Goloboff & Platnick, 1987 (two species). Actinopus and Plesiolena are known only from South and Central America (Platnick 2012). -
Australian Funnel-Web Spiders Evolved Human-Lethal Δ-Hexatoxins for Defense Against Vertebrate Predators
Australian funnel-web spiders evolved human-lethal δ-hexatoxins for defense against vertebrate predators Volker Herziga,b,1,2, Kartik Sunagarc,1, David T. R. Wilsond,1, Sandy S. Pinedaa,e,1, Mathilde R. Israela, Sebastien Dutertref, Brianna Sollod McFarlandg, Eivind A. B. Undheima,h,i, Wayne C. Hodgsonj, Paul F. Alewooda, Richard J. Lewisa, Frank Bosmansk, Irina Vettera,l, Glenn F. Kinga,2, and Bryan G. Frym,2 aInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; bGeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; cEvolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; dCentre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD 4878, Australia; eBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2052, Australia; fInstitut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; gSollod Scientific Analysis, Timnath, CO 80547; hCentre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; iCentre for Ecology and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; jMonash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; kBasic and Applied Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; lSchool -
Common Spiders in the Darwin Area D
Agnote No: I63 July 2014 Common Spiders in the Darwin Area D. Chin*, G. R. Brown*, T. Churchill2, J. Webber3 and H. Brown, Plant Industries, Darwin * Formerly DPIF 2 Formerly with the Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, CSIRO, Darwin 3 Formerly with the CRC for Tropical Savannas Management, CDU, Darwin items that have been left undisturbed for long INTRODUCTION periods. The webs are loosely structured, strong and Spiders are invertebrate animals belonging to a have sticky basal strands. group called arachnids (which includes mites, ticks and scorpions). All spiders are predators and feed The female spiders rarely bite unless they are on insects, or other invertebrates, and may touched or handled. Although no fatalities due to sometimes capture small frogs or lizards. Spiders bites have been recorded since the introduction of have a variety of habits depending on where they anti-venom in 1956, bites are painful and must be live and how they feed. Some spiders build webs to treated as potentially dangerous. The male spider is capture flying insects while others may actively hunt much smaller and is not considered dangerous. for prey. Amongst ground-dwelling spiders, some Redbacks have a spherical abdomen, black legs live in burrows where they ambush crawling insects, and a black cephalothorax (where the legs are whereas others may hide under rocks and leaf litter attached). The female usually has a red stripe on the and search for prey at night. Spiders living on plants top side (dorsal side) of the abdomen and an have a variety of ways to catch insects and other hourglass shaped red mark on the underside prey and are useful in agriculture where they help in (ventral side) of the abdomen. -
Antivenoms for the Treatment of Spider Envenomation
† Antivenoms for the Treatment of Spider Envenomation Graham M. Nicholson1,* and Andis Graudins1,2 1Neurotoxin Research Group, Department of Heath Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2Departments of Emergency Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia *Correspondence: Graham M. Nicholson, Ph.D., Director, Neurotoxin Research Group, Department of Heath Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia; Fax: 61-2-9514-2228; E-mail: Graham. [email protected]. † This review is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Struan Sutherland who’s pioneering work on the development of a funnel-web spider antivenom and pressure immobilisation first aid technique for the treatment of funnel-web spider and Australian snake bites will remain a long standing and life-saving legacy for the Australian community. ABSTRACT There are several groups of medically important araneomorph and mygalomorph spiders responsible for serious systemic envenomation. These include spiders from the genus Latrodectus (family Theridiidae), Phoneutria (family Ctenidae) and the subfamily Atracinae (genera Atrax and Hadronyche). The venom of these spiders contains potent neurotoxins that cause excessive neurotransmitter release via vesicle exocytosis or modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels. In addition, spiders of the genus Loxosceles (family Loxoscelidae) are responsible for significant local reactions resulting in necrotic cutaneous lesions. This results from sphingomyelinase D activity and possibly other compounds. A number of antivenoms are currently available to treat envenomation resulting from the bite of these spiders. Particularly efficacious antivenoms are available for Latrodectus and Atrax/Hadronyche species, with extensive cross-reactivity within each genera.