Evangélikus Hittudományi Egyetem Doktori Iskola Vallás- És Társadalomtudományi Tanszék

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Evangélikus Hittudományi Egyetem Doktori Iskola Vallás- És Társadalomtudományi Tanszék EVANGÉLIKUS HITTUDOMÁNYI EGYETEM DOKTORI ISKOLA VALLÁS- ÉS TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYI TANSZÉK AZ EGYEZKEDÉS LEHETŐSÉGEI ADALÉKOK A KERESZTÉNY-ISZLÁM VALLÁSKÖZI PÁRBESZÉD LEGÚJABB TÖRTÉNETÉHEZ SZENT-IVÁNYI ILONA TÉMAVEZETŐ: DR. SZENTPÉTERY PÉTER, EHE VALLÁS- ÉS TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYI TANSZÉK Budapest, 2011 Tartalomjegyzék TARTALOMJEGYZÉK............................................................................................................. 1 KÖSZÖNETNYILVÁNÍTÁSOK............................................................................................... 4 1. FEJEZET ................................................................................................................................. 5 VALLÁSKÖZI PÁRBESZÉD A KERESZTÉNY-MUSZLIM KAPCSOLATOKBAN....... 5 1.1. TÉZIS LEÍRÁSA .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. VALLÁSKÖZI DIALÓGUS.................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1. A vallásközi dialógus problematikája, irányelvei..................................................... 12 1.2.2. Egyházak Világtanácsa ............................................................................................ 12 1.2.3 II. Vatikáni Zsinat (1962-65)..................................................................................... 15 1.2.4. Vallások Világkonferenciája a Békéért .................................................................... 16 1.2.5. Nemzetközi unitárius szervezet................................................................................. 17 2. FEJEZET ............................................................................................................................... 18 KERESZTÉNY-ISZLÁM KONTEXTUS MÚLT ÉS JELEN TÜKRÉBEN ....................... 18 2.1. A KERESZTÉNY – MUSZLIM KAPCSOLATOK TÖRTÉNETE .................................................... 18 2.1.1. Keresztény apológia ................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2. Hatások, kölcsönhatások.......................................................................................... 20 2.1.3. 18.-19. század........................................................................................................... 21 2.2. KERESZTÉNY TEOLÓGIAI MEGKÖZELÍTÉS.......................................................................... 22 3. FEJEZET ............................................................................................................................... 29 ISZLÁM A NYUGATI VILÁGBAN ....................................................................................... 29 3.1. VALLÁSSZABADSÁG EURÓPÁBAN..................................................................................... 29 3.1.1. A jelen helyzet .......................................................................................................... 31 3.1.2. Európa – vallási szempontból - kivételes eset? Vallásszociológiai megközelítés..... 32 3.2. NYUGAT-EURÓPAI MUSZLIMOK ........................................................................................ 34 3.2.1. Franciaország .......................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1.1. Muszlim szervezetek ....................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2. Németország............................................................................................................. 39 3.2.3. Egyesült Királyság ................................................................................................... 41 3.2.4. Hollandia.................................................................................................................. 43 3.2.5. Nyugat-Európa többi országa .................................................................................. 44 3.3. AZ INTEGRÁCIÓ FELTÉTELEI ............................................................................................. 45 3.3.1. Az iszlám irányzatai ................................................................................................. 46 3.4. ISZLÁM REFORMÁCIÓ........................................................................................................ 49 3.4.1. A reform első lépései Nyugaton................................................................................ 53 3.5. TARIQ RAMADAN.............................................................................................................. 54 3.5.1. Az iszlám jövője Európában, vagy Európa jövője az iszlámmal .............................. 56 3.5.2. Az út (saría).............................................................................................................. 56 4. FEJEZET ............................................................................................................................... 58 JÓSZOMSZÉDI KAPCSOLATOK. KERESZTÉNYEK ÉS MUSZLIMOK NÉMETORSZÁGBAN ........................................................................................................................... 58 4.1. NYÍLTSÁG ÉS JÓSZOMSZÉDI KAPCSOLATOK ...................................................................... 60 4.1.1. Tartalmi felosztás ..................................................................................................... 60 4.1.1.1. Német protestáns-muszlim kapcsolatok........................................................................... 62 4.1.1.2. Muszlimok a nyugati demokratikus társadalmakban – a társadalmi beilleszkedésből adódó feszültségek ....................................................................................................................................... 63 4.1.1.3. Vallásszabadság............................................................................................................... 65 4.1.1.4. Az iszlám és az emberi jogok .......................................................................................... 67 4.1.1.5 Kisebbségi jogok az iszlámban......................................................................................... 68 4.1.1.6. A nők helyzete az iszlámban ........................................................................................... 69 4.1.1.7. Vallásilag legitim erőszak és a békemisszió .................................................................... 70 4.1.1.8. Békemisszió..................................................................................................................... 71 4.1.1.9. Migráció és integráció ..................................................................................................... 72 4.2. MUSZLIM LÉT NÉMETORSZÁGBAN – FESZÜLTSÉGEK A GYAKORLATBAN .......................... 73 1 4.2.1. Vegyes házasságok ................................................................................................... 74 4.2.2. Óvodai nevelés ......................................................................................................... 75 4.2.3. Iszlám vallásoktatás ................................................................................................. 76 4.2.4. Fejkendő-vita............................................................................................................ 76 4.2.5. Közösségi élet........................................................................................................... 78 4.2.6. Diakóniai szolgálat .................................................................................................. 79 4.3. SZERVEZETT ISZLÁM......................................................................................................... 80 4.4. KERESZTÉNY-MUSZLIM PÁRBESZÉD, DE KIVEL?................................................................ 81 4.4.1. Virtuális Umma ........................................................................................................ 83 4.4.2. Iszlámizmus .............................................................................................................. 84 4.4.3. Muszlim szervezetek ................................................................................................. 85 4.4.3.1. A Vallásügyi Török Iszlám Szövetség (Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği, DITIB) ......... 86 4.4.3.2. Milli Görüş Iszlám Közösség (IGMG) ............................................................................ 86 4.4.3.3. Verband Islamischer Kulturzentren (Muszlim Kulturális Központok Szövetsége, VIKZ) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 87 4.4.3.4. A Jama’at un-Nur (“Világosság Társasága”)................................................................... 87 4.4.3.5. Ahmadijja mozgalom....................................................................................................... 88 4.4.3.6. Alevik (alevi, alevita) ...................................................................................................... 89 4.4.3.7. Ernyőszervezetek............................................................................................................. 89 4.5. A VALLÁSKÖZI EGYÜTTMŰKÖDÉS CÉLJA ÉS TARTALMA ................................................... 90 4.5.1. A keresztény-muszlim dialógus tapasztalatai és célja .............................................. 90 4.5.2. Az együttműködés lehetőségei .................................................................................. 91 4.5.3.
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