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Estimation of the Weight-Length Relationship and Condition Factor of Three Main Fish Species in the Coastal Region of the Southe

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Estimation of the Weight-Length Relationship and Condition Factor of Three Main Fish Species in the Coastal Region of the Southe International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research ISSN: 2456-7248; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.44 Received: 02-01-2021; Accepted: 17-01-2021; Published: 20-03-2021 www.fishjournals.com Volume 6; Issue 1; 2021; Page No. 26-33 Estimation of the weight-length relationship and condition factor of three main fish species in the coastal region of the southern zone of São Tomé and Principe Island Wilfred Boa Morte Zacarias1*, Richard Kindong2, Tommy Melo3, Merian Gorett Monte Verde Gomes Cravid4, Xiaojie Dai5 1 Master ´S Degree, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, China 2 Post Doctorant, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, China 3 Marine Biologist, Consultant Biosphere, Foundation Pour La Nature President, Cape Verde 4 Biologist, Department of Research, Statistics and Aquaculture, Fisheries Direction, São Tome E Principe 5 Professor, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, China Abstract This study was developed with the objective to estimate the Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) and condition factor of three main fish species collected by artisanal fishermen in the coastal region and in the mangroves of the South zone of São Tomé Island. This study focused on species of greater economic value and importance; these species are: Dentex macrophthalmus, Lethrinus atlanticus, and Lutjanus fulgens. The sampling duration was between March and October, 2019, using hand line, bottom longline, and vertical longline gears. Potential regression analysis was performed to study the length-weight relationship = . ; and the respective exponential equations for the LWR relationship are Dentex macrophthalmus (Wt = 0,0152 (FL)2,9801 Lethrinus atlanticus (Wt = 0,0159 (FL)2,9778, Lutjanus fulgens (Wt 0,0115 (FL)3,0581. In the present study, the results revealed that Lutjanus fulgens showed an isometric growth pattern (b = 3); Dentex macrophthalmus and Lethrinus atlanticus showed a negative allometric growth pattern (b = 2.9 and b = 2.9). Studies on the condition factor revealed that variations in K values can be attributed to the spawning cycle, the intensity of feeding, and seasonality. The condition factor ranged from 0.013 (Lutjanus fulgens) to 0.015 (Lethrinus atlanticus). This study provides new records of maximum fork length in Fish Base for the three species: Dentex macrophthalmus (32 cm), Lutjanus fulgens (39.5 cm) and for Lethrinus atlanticus (37 cm). It is recommended to review the legislation considering the length at first capture (FL50) values of the present study as a measure of protection for this resource in the coastal regions of the South of São Tomé Island. Keywords: condition factor, weight-length relationship, fisheries management Introduction especially regarding reproduction, as it is a high energy cost The order of Perciforms, also called Percomorpha or process and occurs only when individuals are in their Acanthopteri, includes about 40% of all bone fish and environmental and metabolic comfort, and can serve as a constitute the largest order of fish. In this order, about 7000 study model for understanding the influence of different species are classified, present in almost all aquatic environmental factors, natural or anthropogenic, on ecosystems. The order covers about 160 families, which biological systems (Ribeiro & Moreira 2012) [27]. include several species of commercial interest (Carpenter et To understand the adaptive mechanisms and the al.; 1989) [8]. Most families in many subordinates today are environmental factors that regulate them, it is of great not definable in terms of shared derived characters and, importance for the elaboration of conservation actions, therefore, may not be monophyletic [1]. Most perciforms are management and exploitation of fisheries resources. marine fish from the coast, while about 2,000 species (for example, cichlids) normally occur only in freshwater. Fisheries management and research often require the use of (Nelson, 1994, 2006) [22]. biometric relationships to transform the data collected in the In the present study, we selected three species belonging to field into appropriate indexes (Patiyal et al., 2013) [24]. The this order, the Sparidae family being represented by Dentex weight-length relationship (LWR) of fish is an important tool macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791); Lutjanidae family, mainly in the studies of fish biology, physiology and ecology, as this Lutjanus fulgens (Valenciennes, 1830), and Lethrinidae relationship is useful for determining and estimating the family highlighted by Lethrinus atlanticus (Valenciennes, average weight and biomass of fish, when measures of length 1830). However, fish are an extremely diverse group and subject to are evaluated, indicating conditions and allowing several changes in the aquatic environment, which is why comparisons between the growth of different populations they are excellent models for physiological studies, (Gomeiro et Braga, 2003) [16], establishing a mathematical 1 Group of organisms that form a clade or branch, that is, that consists exclusively of an ancestral species and all its descendants. 26 International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research www.fishjournals.com relationship between fish length and weight, it is an adequate weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Five Cultrinae practical index to understand their survival, growth, maturity, Fish Species from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China; Santos [29] reproduction and well-being (Le Cren, 1951) [19]. Like any et al,.(2014) the first maturation size as a parameter for other morphometric characters, the LWR can be used as a establishing the minimum capture size for Corvina in the character for the differentiation of taxonomic units and fishing gear Southeast of São Paulo. Our study estimates the changes in the relationship with the various developmental LWRs of 3 species of coastal water fish, Dentex events in life, such as metamorphosis, growth and early macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791); Lutjanus fulgens maturity ( Gomeiro et Braga, 2003) ) [16]. (Valenciennes, 1830) and Lethrinus atlanticus In addition, the weight-length relationship can also be used (Valenciennes, 1830). As far as we know there are no studies as a quantitative indicator of the degree of health status or and reports on weight-length and the condition factor of these well-being of the species in its habitat, known in fisheries fish species in the coastal regions of southern São Tomé. biology as the condition factor, which has been used to Therefore, this study provides basic information on these evaluate different feeding conditions in different species, as commercially important fish species, which can serve as a well as the interference of population density, climate and tool for management and conservation practices. other environmental conditions. Thus, the condition factor can be considered a body index that reflects the interactions Materials and Methods between fish and biotic and abiotic factors (Kindong et al., Description of the Study Area 2017) [17]. Geographically, the south region of São Tomé is within the Different K values for a fish indicate the state of sexual limits of latitude 0 ° 5 'N and longitude 6 ° 36' E, the fishing maturity, the degree of availability of food sources, the age activity was carried out mainly in two regions, Angolares in and sex of some species (Castiglioni et al., 2011) [6]. These the Mangrove Zone (A0) (00007.888'N and 006038.752'E), relationships are also an important component of Fish Base in the Bay (A1) between 10-13 meters deep (00007.608'N (Froese and Pauly, 2013). The fish condition factor can be and 006039.029'E), Stone Zone (A2) of the 15-30 meters affected by several factors, such as stress, sex, local deep (00006.468'N and 006039.588'E), Largo (A3) between seasonality, food availability and other water quality 40-80 meters deep (00005.054'N and 006039.765'E), and in parameters (Le Cren, 1951) [19]. the region of Porto Alegre Zona in the Mangrove (P0) from Studies of weight-length relationship and determination of 00002.761'N and 006031.825'E, Baía (P1) between 7-10 sexual maturity in continental and freshwater fish are meters depth of 00002.468'N and 006032.454'E, Stone Zone extensive; notable among these are in several studies and (P2) 15-30 meters deep between 00000.886'N and reports, Castiglioni & Coelho (2011) [6] determining the 006030.374'E, Largo (P3) but 100 meters deep between sexual maturity of cordatus in mangroves on the south coast 00001.621'N and 006029.927'E (Fig.1 and Fig.2). Numerous of Pernambuco, Brazil; Gomiero (2003) [16] weight-length beaches interposed by rocky shores make up the landscape of relationship and condition factor for (Perciformes, Cichlidae) the bay, which receives input from continental drainage in the Volta Grande Reservoir, Rio Grande/Minas Gerais; through small rivers and streams, forming a system with Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 [8]. FAO Species mixopoly-hyaline characteristics, with low hydrodynamism Catalog. Emperor fish and big eyes of the world (family and presence of fine and very fine sediment (Mantelatto et. Lethrinidae), Kindong et al., 2017 [17]. Estimation of Length- Fransozo, 1999). Fig 1: Points chosen for carrying out the scientific fishing studies distributed in two Sites in the South-Southeast of São Tomé Island. Sampling Program Cooperation and development and the NGO MARAPA (Sea Specimens were collected by the Project “KIKE da Environment and Artisanal Fishing), in partnership with the MUNGU” (fish for the future) together with
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