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Developing a Sustainable Roadmap for Ebony Production in Cameroon
Developing a Sustainable Roadmap for Ebony Production in Cameroon UCLA Environmental Science Senior Practicum 2016-17 Sarah Casey, Kenyon Chow, Diana Krichevsky, Abigail Mejia, Emily Parker Advisors: Kevin Njabo and Virginia Zaunbrecher Client: Taylor Guitars Table of Contents I. Sustainability Roadmap for Ebony 3 A. Introduction of Stakeholders 3 Taylor Guitars 3 Crelicam S.A.R.L. 3 Congo Basin Institute 4 ICRAF 4 IBAY/HIES 5 Ekombite Plantation 5 Somalomo and Bifalone Communities 5 B. Current State of Ebony Production 6 C. Pathways to Sustainable Ebony Production 7 i. Co-cropping 7 ii. Improving Ebony Production Efficiency 8 iii. Legal and Policy Classifications 8 iv. Tissue Culture and Ebony Growth Propagation 8 Current Work 9 Challenges and Future Goals 11 v. Domestic Education and Conservation 11 vii. Community Engagement and Participatory Development 12 II. Co-cropping 13 A.Current state and application of co-cropping 13 Benefits of Co-cropping 13 Co-cropping Practices for Ebony 14 B. Co-cropping species identification and feasibility: 14 C. Stakeholders and co-cropping incentives 16 D. Recommendations 21 III. Ebony Production Efficiency 22 A. Process Overview 22 i. Production Inefficiency- Logging Level 23 ii. Production Inefficiency- Sawmill Level 25 B. Recommendations 25 i. Forest Level 26 ii. Sawmill Level 27 iii. Retail Level 28 IV. Laws and Regulations 30 1 A. Overview- Domestic 30 FLEGT 30 1994 Forestry Law 31 Classification of Ebony 33 Ebony Logging Permits 34 FSC 35 Taxation 35 B. Overview- International 37 C. Comparison between Legal and Illegal Forestry Operators 38 D. Setbacks 39 V. Recommendation Matrix 41 VI. -
A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
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SPARIFORMES · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 4.0 - 13 Feb. 2021 Order SPARIFORMES 3 families · 49 genera · 283 species/subspecies Family LETHRINIDAE Emporerfishes and Large-eye Breams 5 genera · 43 species Subfamily Lethrininae Emporerfishes Lethrinus Cuvier 1829 from lethrinia, ancient Greek name for members of the genus Pagellus (Sparidae) which Cuvier applied to this genus Lethrinus amboinensis Bleeker 1854 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia, type locality (occurs in eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific from Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Japan, south to Western Australia) Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale 1910 patronym not identified but probably in honor of William Sackston Atkinson (1864-ca. 1925), an illustrator who prepared the plates for a paper published by Seale in 1905 and presumably the plates in this 1910 paper as well Lethrinus atlanticus Valenciennes 1830 Atlantic, the only species of the genus (and family) known to occur in the Atlantic Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes 1830 -icus, belonging to: Borbon (or Bourbon), early name for Réunion island, western Mascarenes, type locality (occurs in Red Sea and western Indian Ocean from Persian Gulf and East Africa to Socotra, Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, and the Mascarenes) Lethrinus conchyliatus (Smith 1959) clothed in purple, etymology not explained, probably referring to “bright mauve” area at central basal part of pectoral fins on living specimens Lethrinus crocineus -
Régénération Forestière Assistée Avec Millettia Laurentii De Wild. Dans Les Savanes Mises En Défens À Ibi-Village Au Plateau Des Batéké/RDC
ÉCOLE RÉGIONALE POST-UNIVERSITAIRE D’AMÉNAGEMENT ET DE GESTION INTEGRÉS DES FORÊTS ET TERRITOIRES TROPICAUX -ÉRAIFT- Régénération forestière assistée avec Millettia laurentii De Wild. dans les savanes mises en défens à Ibi-village au plateau des Batéké/RDC Par Ruffin NSIELOLO KITOKO DEA en Sciences de l’Environnement (Université de Kinshasa, 2010) Thèse Présentée et soutenue en vue de l'obtention du titre de Docteur en Aménagement et Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux Promoteur: Prof. Dr. Ir. Jean LEJOLY/ULB Co-Promoteur: Prof. Dr. Ir. Jules ALONI KOMANDA/UNIKIN 2016 Université de Kinshasa, Commune de Lemba, - B.P. 15.373 - Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo : +243(0)998658955 /243(0)998506701/+243(0)814261188- E-mail: [email protected]; Site : www.eraift-rdc.org 2 ÉCOLE RÉGIONALE POST-UNIVERSITAIRE D’AMÉNAGEMENT ET DE GESTION INTEGRÉS DES FORÊTS ET TERRITOIRES TROPICAUX -ÉRAIFT- Régénération forestière assistée avec Millettia laurentii De Wild. dans les savanes mises en défens à Ibi-village au plateau des Batéké/RDC Par Ruffin NSIELOLO KITOKO Thèse Présentée et soutenue en vue de l'obtention du titre de Docteur en Aménagement et Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux Membres de Jury: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2016 Régénération forestière assistée avec Millettia laurentii dans les savanes mises en défens à Ibi-village, Thèse Nsielolo Kitoko R i REMERCIEMENTS Au terme de ce travail, il nous est agréable d'exprimer nos remerciements à tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à l'élaboration et à la réussite de cette thèse. Nos remerciements vont tout particulièrement au Professeur Jean LEJOLY qui a bien voulu assurer l'encadrement de ce travail; c’est un très grand honneur pour nous qu’il ait accepté d'en être le promoteur. -
Low Risk Aquarium and Pond Plants
Plant Identification Guide Low-risk aquarium and pond plants Planting these in your pond or aquarium is environmentally-friendly. Glossostigma elatinoides, image © Sonia Frimmel. One of the biggest threats to New Zealand’s waterbodies is the establishment and proliferation of weeds. The majority of New Zealand’s current aquatic weeds started out as aquarium and pond plants. To reduce the occurrence of new weeds becoming established in waterbodies this guide has been prepared to encourage the use of aquarium and pond plants that pose minimal risk to waterbodies. Guide prepared by Dr John Clayton, Paula Reeves, Paul Champion and Tracey Edwards, National Centre of Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA with funding from the Department of Conservation. The guides will be updated on a regular basis and will be available on the NIWA website: www.niwa.co.nz/ncabb/tools. Key to plant life-forms Sprawling marginal plants. Grow across the ground and out over water. Pond plants Short turf-like plants. Grow in shallow water on the edges of ponds and foreground of aquariums. Includes very small plants (up to 2-3 cm in height). Most species can grow both submerged (usually more erect) and emergent. Pond and aquarium plants Tall emergent plants. Can grow in water depths up to 2 m deep depending on the species. Usually tall reed-like plants but sometimes with broad leaves. Ideal for deeper ponds. Pond plants Free floating plants. These plants grow on the water surface and are not anchored to banks or bottom substrates. Pond and aquarium plants Floating-leaved plants. Water lily-type plants. -
Tree Composition and Ecological Structure of Akak Forest Area
Environment and Natural Resources Research; Vol. 9, No. 4; 2019 ISSN 1927-0488 E-ISSN 1927-0496 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Tree Composition and Ecological Structure of Akak Forest Area Agbor James Ayamba1,2, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi1, & Ayuk Elizabeth Orock1 1 Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon 2 Ajemalebu Self Help, Kumba, South West Region, Cameroon Correspondence: Agbor James Ayamba, Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon. Tel: 237-652-079-481. E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 2, 2019 Accepted: September 11, 2019 Online Published: October 12, 2019 doi:10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23 Abstract Tree composition and ecological structure were assessed in Akak forest area with the objective of assessing the floristic composition and the regeneration potentials. The study was carried out between April 2018 to February 2019. A total of 49 logged stumps were selected within the Akak forest spanning a period of 5 years and 20m x 20m transects were demarcated. All plants species <1cm and above were identified and recorded. Results revealed that a total of 5239 individuals from 71 families, 216 genera and 384species were identified in the study area. The maximum plants species was recorded in the year 2015 (376 species). The maximum number of species and regeneration potentials was found in the family Fabaceae, (99 species) and (31) respectively. Baphia nitida, Musanga cecropioides and Angylocalyx pynaertii were the most dominant plants specie in the years 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. The year 2017 depicts the highest Simpson diversity with value of (0.989) while the year 2015 show the highest Simpson dominance with value of (0.013). -
Inorganic Constituents of Two Bolbitis Fern Species from South Western Ghats
Kale RJLBPCS 2015 www.rjlbpcs.com Life Science Informatics Publications Original Research Article DOI - 10.26479/2015.0104.01 INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF TWO BOLBITIS FERN SPECIES FROM SOUTH WESTERN GHATS Manisha V Kale Department of Botany, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur 416 101, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT: Objective: The estimation of inorganic constituents in two Bolbitis species of ferns such as B. virens, B. presliana collected from different localities of South Western Ghats. Methods: For the estimation of inorganic constituents an acid digest method from the oven dried plant material was used as well as the solution was used for estimation of elements & these elements were estimated by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: In this two Bolbitis species studied Ca, Na and K substances are discover to be determined than the other elements. Mg contents are associated with their chlorophyll contents. Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu substances are in trace quantity as these are the micronutrients. Conclusion: The two Bolbitis species are particular members of the genus are often grown as immersed water plants in aquaria terrestrial but there is no definite correlation amongst these constituents. This may be due to the seasonal variation, age of the plant at the time of collection, nature of soil. KEYWORDS: Inorganic constituents, Bolbitis species, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu substances. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Manisha V Kale Ph.D. Department of Botany, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur 416 101, Maharashtra, India *Email Address: [email protected] 1.INTRODUCTION Pteridophytes also recognized as ferns and Fern-allies as well as it’s the midpoint of fascination to botanist, horticulturist and fern lovers since earliest times. -
The End of Red Rubber: a Reassessment Author(S): Robert Harms Source: the Journal of African History, Vol
The End of Red Rubber: A Reassessment Author(s): Robert Harms Source: The Journal of African History, Vol. 16, No. 1 (1975), pp. 73-88 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181099 Accessed: 10-01-2017 01:41 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/181099?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Cambridge University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of African History This content downloaded from 128.103.149.52 on Tue, 10 Jan 2017 01:41:30 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Journal of African History, xvi, I(I975), pp. 73-88 73 Printed in Great Britain THE END OF RED RUBBER: A REASSESSMENT1 BY ROBERT HARMS THE wild rubber boom which hit the African continent in the last decade of the nineteenth century and continued through the first decade of the twentieth had an impact that was both economic and political. -
Red Data List Special Edition
Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened -
Hiliana Dolly Moniz Silva Pesca Artesanal Em Cabo Verde
Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2009 Hiliana Dolly Moniz Pesca Artesanal em Cabo Verde – Arte de pesca Silva linha-de-mão Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Biologia 2009 Hiliana Dolly Moniz Pesca Artesanal em Cabo Verde – Arte de pesca Silva linha-de-mão Dissertação apresentada á Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários á obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biologia Marinha, realizada sob a orientação científica do Professor Doutor José Eduardo Rebelo, Professor auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Dedico esta tese aos meus pais, Mateus Monteiro Silva e Domingas Graça Moniz, que sempre foram os exemplos na minha vida e que de muitas formas me incentivaram e ajudaram para que fosse possível a sua concretização. o júri presidente Profª Doutora Ângela Cunha professora auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Doutora Susana Patrícia Mendes Loureiro investigadora auxiliar do CESAM – Universidade de Aveiro Prof. Doutor José Eduardo Rebelo professor auxiliar do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro Pesca Artesanal em Cabo Verde, Arte de Pesca linha-de-mão agradecimentos Ainda que esta tese, tenha um carácter individual, existem contribuições de diversas formas e natureza que não poderia deixar de menciona-las. Neste sentido quero expressar a minha gratidão: A Deus pela sua protecção e bênção. Aos meus irmãos, Elvis e Urbano, pelo carinho e apoio que nunca me regatearam. Uma dívida de gratidão a meu orientador, Professor Doutor José Eduardo Rebelo, de cujo imenso saber me desfrutei ao longo deste percurso e pela sua inesgotável paciência com que se sempre me atendeu nos momentos de maior hesitação e angústia. -
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Umoh Et Al
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Umoh et al. World Journal of PharmaceuticalSJIF ImpactResearch Factor 8.084 Volume 9, Issue 10, 32-43. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF CULCASIA SCANDENS P. BEAUV. (ARACEAE) Umoh Romanus A.1*, Umoh Uwemedimo F.1, Johnny Imoh I.1, Effiong Daniel E.3, Umoh Omodot T.2 and Ekanem Ama E.1 1Department of Pharmacognogy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 2Department of Botany and Ecological Studies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT Article Received on 06 July 2020, Culcasia scandens P. Beauv. (Araceae) is a medicinal plant commonly Revised on 26 July 2020, known as Climbing Arum and by the Ibibio speaking people of Akwa Accepted on 16 August 2020, DOI: 10.20959/wjpr202010-18500 Ibom State of Nigeria as Ata Utippe is known for its analgesic, anti- abortifacient and anti-emetic properties. The study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic parameters of Culcasia scandens leaf. *Corresponding Author The leaves were identified, collected, air dried, weighed and subjected Umoh Romanus A. Department of to evaluation parameters of microscopy, micromeritics, Pharmacognogy and Natural chemomicroscopy, fluorescence, extractive values, moisture content Medicine, Faculty of and ash values using standard procedures. The result of microscopy Pharmacy, University of revealed amphistomatic type of stomata with unicellular trichomes on Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, both abaxial and adaxial surfaces, stomatal index of 8.68% on abaxial Nigeria. -
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International Journal of Current Advanced Research ISSN: O: 2319-6475, ISSN: P: 2319-6505, Impact Factor: 6.614 Available Online at www.journalijcar.org Volume 7; Issue 4(M); April 2018; Page No. 12216-12225 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018.12225.2141 Research Article STEM ANATOMY OF SOME MEMBERS OF THE SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR IDENTIFICATION *Adedeji, O and Owolabi, J. A Department of Botany, ObafemiAwolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for ten species in the subfamily Papilionoideae in Ile- Ife, Nigeria with the view to document the stem characters of taxonomic value and that could be used th Received 5 January, 2018 in identifying the species within the subfamily. Species studied were Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) Received in revised form 20th DC., Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv., Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC., Cajanus cajan (L.) February, 2018 Accepted 8th March, 2018 Millsp., Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Centrosema molle (Mart.) ex. Benth., Mucuna pruriens Published online 28th April, 2018 (Linn.) Walp., Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp., Crotalaria retusa Linn. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. The stem anatomy of the species was studied by cutting the Transverse, Tangential Longitudinal as Key words: well as Radial Longitudinal Sections of the stem. with a Reichert microtome at a thickness of ten micrometre. Schultz’s fluid was used for the maceration of wood. Papilionoideae, stem anatomy, adavanced, Circular and undulating stem outline is diagnostic and unique for Centrosema molle while oval pith primitive, characters. shape through the Transverse Section of the stem is also unique to Centrosema molle and Vigna unguiculata.