i. d. a.! news notes

Published by the United States Committee of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern P.o. Box 17, Cambridge, MA 02138 February 1988, Issue No. 34 Telephone (617) 491-8343 Clampdown in An interview with Themba Vilakazi of the ANC

The following interview with Themba Vilakazi, zations, and intemational development agencies. There were also people the chair of the African National Congress in the from South Africa representing women's organizations, the labor front, US, was conducted on February 25, 1988, the day religious bodies, and professional organizations. after the South African government banned 17 The significance of the conference was to cap the celebration of the anti- organizations, including the UDF, 75th anniversary ofthe African National Congress; to provide an inter­ Detainees' Parents Support Committee, and Na­ national forum of people working to support the liberation struggle; to tional Education Crisis Committee, as well as compare strategies and projects; and to emphasize material and finan­ COSATU. Eighteen individuals were also banned. cial assistance to the liberation movement. It was also a successful at­ of the ANC has said that tempt, I think, to further the diplomatic isolation of South Africa by the clampdown is a proof of the failure of increasing the diplomatic stature of the ANC, and to generate more sup­ all the repressive measures imposed by port for the ANC in the international community. the regime so far. Would you agree with One area that was clearly an issue for the ANC and for the supporters that? of the liberation struggle was the issue of violence by vigilantes. We have It certainly is that in part. But it's also a con­ seen how the attacks organized by Inkatha in the area firmation of the continuing resistance of the have been translated by the regime and other forces opposed to the people in spite of the repressive measures Themba Vilakazi struggle as an indication of internecine strife, or what they call "black­ and the . It is a proof that the regime is absolutely on-black violence" and what Reagan calls "tribal violence:' There was incapable of accommodating the demands of the people, and that the an interest in focusing on how that sort of attack by apartheid can be only way it can sustain itself is by increased repression. I think it is also dealt with, and if possible eliminated. The state is now farming out some another sign that in South Africa those who seriously want to struggle of its repressive measures to vigilante gruups and structures such as for liberation and an end to apartheid have very little avenue within le­ Inkatha. Inkatha is assuming most ofthe repressive measures that were gally sanctioned behavior, and without resorting to armed struggle. practiced by the state on behalf of the state, in an attempt to consoli­ date its own position in the area. Do you see any common thread among all the organizations and A lot of people who were previously assumed - and quite widely individuals that were banned? stated by the apartheid regime and by Buthelezi - to be ZUlus and there­ These are all organizations that have been a thorn in the side of the fore supporters of Inkatha, have gotten very disillusioned with Inkatha. regime. I think the banning of and [co­ In attempting to shore up its position, Inkatha is trying to force people Presidents of the UDF] is simply a demonstration of the effectiveness into its ranks. This is a major factor that has brought out the violence of the UDF in spite of the restrictions that have been imposed. These within Natal, more than any UDF-Inkatha struggle. It's simply a reflec­ two are very well respected, elderly figures who clearly pose no threat tion of something that has been happening much more on the group to the communities that they serve. Such a move really angers the level, with attacks on communities, and there is great concern about younger generation, and will end up having an immense radicalizing ~ 0 effect on what is already a very radical youth in South Africa. That's something the South African government for some reason is unable to see. Editorial Overview It's quite interesting that if the South African regime claims that these on p. 2 restrictions are being imposed to reestablish public order, that no res­ trictions have been placed on Inkatha, who according to all evidence have been the major purveyors of violence in the Pietermaritzburg area. Still an Emergency None of the warlords have any sort of restrictions upon them. This clearly In June 1987 South Africa's State of Emergency was renewed for a second year, serves to show which forces are on which side ofthe equation. It doesn't and resulted in an enormous new wave of political detentions. A drastic new portend well for the future. clampdown was imposed on 24 February 1988, banning the political activities of 17 major anti-apartheid organizations and COSATU, and banning 18 leaders. You attended the ANC's international conference in last The ongoing repression has placed unprecedented strain on lOAF's ability to December. Who took part and how was it organized? provide legal defense for political prisoners and aid for their families. Please help us There was a wide representation ofpeople from all different nations, meet this crisis by mailing a contribution to lOAF, P.o. Box 17, Cambridge, MA 02138. All contributions are tax-deductible. including Parliamentarians, labor gruups, anti-apartheid solidarity organi- Editorial Overview The situation in Southern Africa during the period of the News Calendar been challenging the political control of Inkatha, which enjoys the favor and continued to be one of endemic civil conflict compounded by South Africa's the strength of the central govemment and its structures. Under the continuing destabilization-which were the features noted by the International State of Emergency regulations, severe restrictions have been placed on UDF­ Institute of Strategic Studies, , in its annual report (released 11 affiliated organizations which prevent them from operating publicly. Inkatha November '87). Apartheid (and its defense) continued to be the underlying has not been affected by those restrictions. Worse still, in June '87 police cause of both domestic and regional instability. The human costs of this stations in many parts of Natal were transferred to the control of the kwaZulu instability are dear indeed, not the least being the health, sound minds and bantustan, leading to a new cycle of violence and intimidation. No early bodies, and the very lives of the tens and thousands of children from Cabinda, solution to this tragic focus of bloodshed seems to be in prospect. northern Angola to , South Africa. If the innocent victims of this cruel In addition to its illegal military occupation of Namibia, South Africa's convulsion had been white instead of black, the rich and powerful of the military incursions into Angola assumed the proportions of another invasion, world would long ago have put an end to it, whether by effective sanctions first to help the UNITA rebels withstand a govemment offensive in southeast­ or military force. ern Angola, and then to mount an attack on the strategically important town Not content with hiding most of its cruelties from the outside world and the of Cuito Cuanavale, which Angola repulsed despite claims to the contrary. TV screens, the regime began to apply its new and additional system of South Africa admitted for the first time that it was fighting alongside UNITA. censorship (imposed August '87) to bring the more courageous section ofthe At least 7,000 South African troops backed by long-range artillery, armored South African press into line, with The Weekly Mail, South, City Press, and vehicles and aircraft were in use by January '88. South Africa's aim is to force especially New Nation under threat of being closed down or accepting an Angola to accept the US-backed UNITA rebels into the government ofAngola, official in-house censor. The editor of New Nation, Zwelakhe Sisulu, on 17 in order to protect a weak and cooperative regime in Namibia. November lost a court action against his detention without trial, which began The release on 5 November '88 of one of the ANC's top leaders, Govan in December '86. Mbeki, who had been serving a life sentence with Nelson tv\andela and Killings, mostly by the security forces and their surrogates, took place others, raised hopes of progress towards negotiations. These hopes were virtually every day during the period, especially around Pietermaritzburg, dashed, and events instead revealed continuing divisions within the regime where the were so closely identified with the kwaZulu over whether political reason or yet further harsh repression should prevail. bantustan-based Inkatha "warlords" and their killers that the UDF/COSATU P. W. Botha's angry denial that Mbeki's release was a "trial run" for tv\andela's victims took the unprecedented step of calling for the intervention of the release (as claimed by two of his Cabinet Ministers) and the restriction order SADF, in the desperate hope that the troops might be less partisan and afford placed on Mbeki on 11 December showed which faction remained in control, some measure of protection. The growing membership of youth groups asso­ even before the big clampdown on the opposition of 24 February. Ciated with the UDF and Azapo, and the strength of COSATU in Natal, have Kenneth N. Carstens

Southern Africa News Calendar November and December 198~ January 1988

The following news items are based primarily on shortwave broadcasts by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), The Voice of America (VOA), and Radio South Africa (RSA). 3 November South African and British newspapers are also used. Items are intended to supplement major South Africa - The Rev. Stanley IY'ogoba, the General Secretary of the Methodist news sources and are not exhaustive. Because radio reception is sometimes unclear, the spelling Oiurch of Southem Africa, was detained by security police in kwaMashu near Durban. of all proper names cannot be guaranteed. [lY'ogoba was released after 24 hours, and said he was accused of giving R100 to a man with "terrorisr connections. Several Items relating to political trials, political prisoners, and detentions appear in red. other people alleged to have been involved were still being For more comprehensive news about political prisoners in Southem Africa, please see our held.] bimonthly publication Focus. South Africa -In a speech inaugurating a Joint Executive Authority for Natal and the kwaZulu bantustan, p.w. Botha dampened expectations that this could lead to a joint 1 November legislature. The JEA, with five Natal members and five from South Africa-AI: a special service in the Pietermaritzburg area, Archbishop Tutu kwaZulu, is purely administrative and has no fiscal or legislative pleaded for an end to the violence between Inkatha and the UDF. powers. Stanley Mogoba Namibia - The South African-backed interim govemment 2 November rejected charges by a South African judicial commission that Consolidated Diamond Mines was stripping the territory of high-grade diamonds and avoiding taxes on the Jamaica-Foreign Ministers of the NJ' countries [African, Caribbean, and Pacific] agreed to intensify economic sanctions against South Africa. operation. South Africa-The SADF said it killed over 150 SWAPO guerrillas and wounded hundreds in an attack in southem Angola on 31 October, and that 11 South African 5 November troops were also killed. [A 12th was later reported as having died of wounds.] This was -Opening a three-day intemational conference on apartheid in sports, among the highest reported South African death tolls from a single engagement in recent Prime Minister Mugabe called for the total isolation of South Africa in the sporting world, years. South Africa's admitted losses since 1 September stood at 21. saying this would lower the morale of the ruling white minority. Sam Ramsamy, the chair SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma denied SWAPO members were killed and said the report of the South African Nonracial Olympic Committee (SANROC), said sport was used in was fabricated to disguise earlier South African losses on behalf of UNITA. He said any South Africa to deflect mass interest in politics. victims must have been Angolans. South Africa-ANC leader , who had West Germany- Ending a trip to Africa, Foreign Minister Hans Dietrich Genscher spent 23 years of a life sentence on , was criticized South Africa's policies of destabilization. released in Port Elizabeth, apparently without conditions. Four imprisoned PAC members including john Nkosi were also released, and two members of the ultra-right AWB. Mbeki said he continued to be a member of the ANC and Now Available from IDAF South African Communist Party, and still ernbrac.ed the Winnie Mandela postcards. An inspiring black-and-white photo by Carokin ideals for which the ANC stood. Pres. Reagan and the Schiiten. Sold in sets of four. $3.00 British govemment welcomed the releases. Cry Freedom posters. Acolor poster for Sir Richard Attenborough's important new South Africa - Mlangisi Mpondo, 21, a member of the film on South Africa, starring Denzel Washington as and Kevin Kline as Azanian Youth Unity or Azanyu, which is associated with Donald Woods. Supplies are limited. $2.50 the PAC, was hanged in Central Prison. Britain Prices includes postage and handling. Our catalogue is available on request. Govan Mbeki reportedly blocked an appeal to the regime by the UN 2 Security Council to connmute Mpondo's sentence. 6 November 15 November Mozambique-An Air Malawi plane was shot down after flying low over an army Angola - Leaders of the Front-Line States described the fighting in Angola as an open barracks. [On 17 November Pres. Chissano said he regretted the incident, but that MNR warof invasion, occupation, and destabilization by South Africa, which was using UNITA rebels had been using similar planes and that his forces had no advance notice of the as an extension of its regular army. flight.] South Africa- The head of the parastatal weapons corporation Armscor said that in USA - N. a hearing in Washington, James Molotsi, the President of the National Union the ten years of the UN arms embargo, South Africa had become one of the ten largest of Mineworkers, called for comprehensive sanctions. State Department official Chester arms producers in the world, exporting to 25 countries. Crocker said the US should encourage US companies to invest in South Africa. 17 November South Africa- The Supreme Court rejected an application for the re­ 7 November lease of Zwelakhe Sisulu, the editor of the New Nation. The court said he was a "danger South Africa-N. a news conference in Johannesburg, Govan lv1beki urged rival to public order and public safety" because of his support of the National Education Crisis leaders in Natal to bury the hatchet, and offered to mediate if peace efforts failed. Committee. Meanwhile one Cabinet Minister said that lv1beki's release was a trial run for that of Mandela. [pW. Botha denied this on 10 November, reflecting a continuing division in the regime.] 18 November United Nations-The General Assembly called for comprehensive and mandatory South Africa- A large force of police and troops moved into in an attempt to sanctions against South Africa if it continued its illegal occupation of Namibia. end the 18-month rent boycott. Many leaders were detained. Albertina Sisulu, co-Pres. of the UDF, said officials collected rents as armored vehicles stood outside the houses. Zimbabwe - Officials said MNR rebels had killed five teenagers and cut off the ears of seven others. 10 November Mozambique - After meeting Pres. Chissano, Chancellor Helmut Kohl assured South Africa- Two African joumalists who operated a small news agency in the East­ Mozambique of \Nest German support in combating famine and economic problems em Cape were released after 17 months of detention, two weeks before a court was to caused by "MNR terrorists:' Kohl called for Namibian independence, but did not mention rule on an appeal against their detention. UN Resolution 435, and he criticized sanctions against South Africa. South Africa- An intemational delegation of Methodist Church leaders met with PW. South Africa- The UDF and COSATU said they were forced to pull out of planned Botha and urged the release of all political prisoners, and an end to the State of peace talks with Inkatha because of the arrest of at least 50 of their members. Emergency.

11 November 19 November South Africa - 600 African tenants were evicted from apartments in Hillbrow, South Africa-Following another big raid on a section of Soweto, the $,ACC Johannesburg, after refusing to pay exorbitant rents that were far higher than rents for condemned the harassment of Soweto residents, appealing to the regime to avoid a whites. This was the second such eviction in two weeks in Johannesburg. confrontation that could cost many lives. Security forces said 1,500 troops and police confiscated weapons and arrested an undisclosed number of people. Israel-The Jerusalem Post said South Africa was offering $7,000 a month to engineers and technicians laid off after Israel's fighter-bomber project was scrapped. [A number of aircraft engineers were later reported to have accepted the offer.] 20 November South Africa- The SADF admitted that its troops were in action around Mavinga in southeast Angola, to help UNITA rebels against a govemment offensive. Pres. Kenneth Namibia - Soldiers in Battalions 101 and 202 reportedly resigned over their use as Kaunda of , the current chair of the OAU, condemned South Africa's "wanton "mercenaries" for UNITA in Angola, as well as inadequate equipment, and aggression:' discrimination against African troops. One soldier said 360 were in military prison. Authorities denied there had been a mutiny but, in an unprecedented admission, ac­ -lOAF said there were over 2,000 people in prison in South Africa knowledged grievances and said 47 troops were discharged for failing to achieve the for political offenses, preventive detention, or interrogation. 300 were being held under "required standard:' the Internal Security Act, 400 under common law regarding political protests, and 1,360 were being detained without charge under Emergency regulations. South Africa-On the eve of a service to mark the anniversary of the Mamelodi massacre in 1985, security police arrested seven top Azapo leaders and searched the United Kingdom - The Institute for Strategic Studies reported that South Africa had home of Azapo's President. [Organizers called off the service, saying people were afraid increased its military spending by 30%, or more than $314 billion. Its spending on to attend.] intemal security had risen 43%, mostly in order to quell black "unrest:' South Africa- COSATU issued a report blaming much of the Inkatha-UDF violence in Natal on Inkatha warlords, many of them high Inkatha officials who organized vigilantes to invade areas of UDF supporters. There was growing fear that the regime 12 November might grant a request by Inkatha leader Gatsha Buthelezi to tum over police functions and Namibia - Explosions damaged a railway line in Windhoek, a post office in Walvis responsibilities in the ghettos to the Inkatha-run KwaZulu bantustan administration. Bay, municipal offices in a nearby African ghetto, and a water pipeline in the north. South Africa- The regime ordered the expulsion of a US photographer on [SWAPO later claimed responsibility for the explosions.] assignment for National Geographic. The US Embassy called the decision arbitrary and due to the discomforting images his photos showed.

13 November 21 November South Africa- Winnie Mandela said police had arrested ten members of the Mandela United Nations - The General Assembly passed resolutions condemning apartheid United Football Club, which often stays at the Mandela home, and had told her they were and calling for comprehensive mandatory sanctions. investigating street committees set up to replace govemment-sponsored town councils. United Nations-Angola said that South Africa had violated Angolan airspace 75 SouthAfrica- Armed soldiers ofthe Defense Force forced some senior civil times and staged 33 attacks since May, and later said South Africa had used chemical servants to resign. [Eight Cabinet Ministers had similarly been forced to resign in weapons in its latest incursions. September.] South Africa - RSA said the Johannesburg stock exchange had fallen by 40%. United Nations - The UN reported that SWAPO had offered full cooperation in 23 November setting a ceasefire date in Namibia. Belgium - Foreign Ministers of the 12 European Community countries condemned South African military activity in Angola and expressed deep concem about P.w. Botha's visit to South African troops in Angola. Zimbabwe-After serving a three-year prison term in South Africa for revealing 14 November information on South Africa's destabilization activities, Patricia Hanekom said the SADF South Africa - Defense Minister revealed that he, P.W. Botha, and had been training, paying and supplying rebel groups in Mozambique, , three other senior Cabinet Ministers had recently visited troops occupying an area of Zimbabwe and Angola. She said charges against Roland Hunter and herself had been southem Angola. Malan stressed that the govemment had decided on the Angolan reduced from treason to possession of restricted documents because a treason trial would operation, not the SADF- hinting at charges that the military was running South Africa. have exposed embarrassing information. 3 South Africa- Former Transkei leader was detained in the "Severest Censorship in the World" bantustan after alleging that bantustan leaders had "Communistic ideas" and that the Cabinet should have resigned when his brother was ousted by the Pre-publication censorship of the news media in South Africa, already tightened Transkei militia. [On 15 December the Transkei security police said he had been by the State of Emergency imposed on 12 June 1986, was yet further tightened on released.] 10 December 1986 and 29 January 1987. The net effect is a ban on all uncensored South Africa- At a conference held secretly in Durban, the news about police violence, boycotts, demonstrations, and all other forms of resis­ elected a 15-person executive committee including former political prisoners , tance, and police powers to ban virtually anything from news to advertisements. On George Sewpersadh, and tvIewa Ramgobin. 11 April 1987 it became a crime to participate in any campaign, project, or action aimed at accomplishing the release of any detainee. On 28 August 1987 yet more press restrictions were published, providing for the closing of newspapers for renew­ able three-month periods without recourse to the courts. Editors and joumalists have tenned the new measures the severest form of censorship in the world, and observers 30 November have said they removed the last pretense that South Africa was a democratic country. South Africa- Three explosions caused heavy damage at a police training center in Soweto. Zimbabwe-MNR rebels killed seven people in a village in the northeast, including five young children. About 50 Zimbabwean civilians had been killed by the MNR over the 24 November past two months. South Africa - Police said two ANC guerrillas and one supporter were killed and two police wounded in a lengthy shootout in Umlazi near Durban. South Africa-President Botha rejected a PFP call for an emergency session of Parliament to discuss the military action in Angola. 1 December Malawi-.Y.ore than 350,000 Mozambican refugees were reported to be in camps Angola - UNITA rebels demanded the release of six of its members who it said were along the border, placing health centers, schools, and food supplies under great pressure. kidnapped by Zambian troops in Angola on 19 November. Zambia said they were - RSA said senior ANC officials had visited Botswana to arrange for a large­ captured inside Zambia and was considering a request by the Angolan government for scale infiltration of South Africa, and that recent and forthcoming court cases pointed to their extradition. Botswana as the main route for "terrorist" infiltration. [Botswana said suggestions that it Angola - The Angolan Foreign Minister said Zaire was helping the UNITA rebels to discussed infiltration plans with the ANC were slanderous.] infiltrate Angola across Zaire's 2,00D-km border. South Africa- The Anglican Church of Southern Africa approved the Tanzania - Opening the ANC's first major intemational conference, ANC Pres. Oliver Declaration issued by the World Council of Churches in May, and said it "understood the Tambo said effective action against apartheid had been thwarted by the failure of some pressures which have led the liberation movements to respond to violence with violence:' ~tem countries to impose sanctions. South Africa-The Ford Motor Company was to sell 18% of its 42% stake in the South African tvIotor Corporation to the AngloAmerican Corporation and put the remainder in a trust for the benefit of Ford's 4,000 employees. Ford would continue to supply vehicles, parts, and management and technical assistance. 2 December South Africa-A meeting of representatives of the UDF, COSATU, and Inkatha Botswana - South Africa began intensive searches of vehicles and passengers condemned the violence in Natal and agreed to end fOlCed recruitment of members. crossing between South Africa and Botswana, causing delays of up to four hours. The They called for the release of their detained members and endorsed freedom of speech move followed accusations that Botswana was providing a springboard for ANC attacks. and association. Namibia - Aftervisiting Namibia to prepare a report on a strike at the Tsumeb copper mine, adelegation ofthe Intemational Confederation of Free Trade Unions said thousands of African workers had been fired. About 1,000 were later reinstated, but their wages 25 November were cut, and they were pressured not to rejoin the Namibian Union of Mineworkers. Namibia - The Justice Minister of the South African-backed interim government said South Africa- Police moved more than 400 African squatters from a farm near P.W. Botha had ordered that charges be dropped against four soldiers who allegedly beat Noordhoek after cordoning the area, and moved them to 's official ghetto at a man to death. Khayelitsha. United Nations-The Security Council unanimously condemned South Africa's Angola - Two Swedish aid workers were released by UNITA after Sweden had raised armed intervention in Angola and called for the unconditional withdrawal of all South the matter with the Reagan Administration, which had then pressured UNITA. A third African forces from Angola. worker had been slightly wounded during his capture, and died after the rebels forced Mozambique - Government forces destroyed a strategically important MNR rebel him to march. base about two miles from the South African border, inflicting heavy casualties.

26 November 3 December South Africa- Police ordered the seizure of a UDF pamphlet announcing the South Africa - The AngloAmerican Corporation offered to give five shares of stock "People's Christmas Against the Emergency;' and searched SN:C and UDF offices for to workers with two years' service, the shares to be held in trust for at least four years. The copies of it. The campaign calls for fasts, visits to families of the detained or exiled, National Union of Mineworkers rejected the plan, saying it amounted to political and eco­ Christmas cards to detainees, and special services for the victims of apartheid. nomic blackmail and was an attempt to undermine the union. United Kingdom - Archbishop appealed to Margaret Thatcher to initiate a European Community intervention for clemency for the Sharpeville 6, who were condemned to death in South Africa for a murder which the court conceded they had not 27 November committed. Zimbabwe-Odile Harrington, a 27-year-dd South African, was sentenced to 25 South Africa- Police said 132 trained "terrorists" had been arrested in the first nine years in prison after she admitted to spying for South Africa against the ANC. Harrington months of 1987, during which there were 539 incidence of "terrorism:' tvIore than 180 had entered Zimbabwe in October 1986 as a political refugee and was sent to live in "recruiters;' 'couriers;' and "terrorist helpers" had also been arrested, and 32 "terrorists" with other refugees including ANC officials. and two "helpers" shot dead. South Africa - After a magistrate had given permission for Govan Mbeki to speak at Angola - Amilitary commander said South Africa was building up its military presence an outdoorservice of thanksgiving due to be held tomorrow atZwide near Port Elizabeth, in Angola and had engaged in combat with Angolan troops this week in the Cuito the police banned the service. At least 50,000 people had been expected. [The next day Cuanavale area, twice bombing an Angolan military column. Nlbeki read his speech to a group of reporters, condemning the regime's proposed national advisory council as a"dummy Constitution;'and calling for the release of political South Africa- Seven youths said in court that a town councillor from a prisoners.] Pieterrnaritzburg ghetto was involved in killing three boys, one of whom they saw him shoot. They said the councillor's friends stabbed and beat the dying boys.

29 November 4 December Mozambique-Over 70 people were killed, 80 injured, and 32 vehicles destroyed Tanzania - The international ANC conference in Arusha agreed to work for more when the MNR attacked a convoy about 50 km north of Maputo. Some vehicles were effective economic sanctions and called on the intemational community to provide carrying emergency supplies to victims of hunger and war. The MNR had massacred at support to the ANC. A massive campaign was to be organized to oppose the Reagan least 900 people since July. 4 Administration policy on Southern Africa. 15 December 5 December South Africa- Police said a suspected ANC member was killed at a roadblock near USA - CBS News broadcast the documentary "Children of Apartheid;' in which Brandfort when the grenade he was carrying exploded. Another man was arrested and children as young as ten years old described being jailed, beaten, and abused by police, a number of grenades seized. and accused of crimes they did not commit. Angola - said a captured UNITA supply officer had said that ten South Africa- The anny chief of staff said South Africa had begun pulling its troops uniformed Americans worked in rebekontrolled Angola earlier in 1987 to supervise the out of southem Angola. Angola's anny chief meanwhile said he was preparing an delivery of US arms. offensive in case South Africa did not pull out by 9 December. Adivision of Cuban troops was said to be on its way to Africa to reinforce Angolan govemment forces in the south. 17 December 7 December USA - Anti-apartheid activists delivered thousands of keys and postcards to the South African Embassy in Washington as part of a campaign organized by Bill Cosby to free United Nations-The General Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution children detained under the State of Emergency. Sen. Barbara Mikulski ([),W) accused condemningslateterrorism and saying that people living under radst regimes and under South Africa of attempting to break the will of the resistance movement by detaining foreign occupation had the right to struggle for independence. children. Belgium - The EEC protested to South Africa overthe arrest of Eric Molobi and another 8 December man who had been distributing EEC funds to anti-apartheid organizations. The EEC called South Africa- The regime accused the New Nation of plblishing Slbversive propa­ for their release and for an end to the persecution of those working for peaceful change. ganda, and threatened it with closure. Its editor Zwelakhe Sisulu had been in detention without trial for a year. USA - quoted sources at the ANC's international conference 18 December in Tanzania as saying the ANC would campaign to press countries to declare the Pretoria South Africa- Ten kitseonstabels or "instant [i.e., untrained] police" and two African regime illegitimate. Italso reported rumors that many felt the desirability of the ANC being civilians were injured when gunmen in Nyanga near Cape Town fired and threw a gre­ declared the sole legitimate representative of South Africa's people. nade during a training march. Other police chased suspects to the KTC squatter camp, firing live ammunition at them. About 500 people were reportedly arrested and 40 held South Africa-In the joumal Leadership, US ambassador Edward Perkins called for a "govemment which truly represents the majority of South Africans;' and spedfically for further interrogation after the others had been released. included those Africans considered by Pretoria to be dtizens of the four ''independent'' . 19 December South Africa- Security police detained Eric Molobi, an executive member ofthe UDF and national coordinator of the National Education Crisis Committee. [He later said he SouthAfrica- The South African Motor Corporation, formerly a subsidiary of Ford, was detained because of his opposition to "Bantu education;' and that he was held among confinned that it had received $100 million from Ford as part of Ford's disinvestment many detained youngsters, some of whom had been locked up for more than a year.] arrangements. Mozambique - To encourage more MNR rebels to accept amnesty, Pres. Chissano enacted into law the current amnestyfor rebels who abandoned terrorism and crime. He 9 December said thousands of young Mozambicans had been press-ganged by the MNR and forced Angola-Military commanders said South African troops, far from withdrawing, to commit crimes. [Within days, an increased number of acceptances were reported.] were headed north in Cunene province, about 80 km above the Namibian border. South Africa - Authorities banned a rally to have been held in a Cape Town stadium on 13 DecerriJer, at which Govan Mbeki and Winnie Mandela would have spoken. The 20 December UDF said that although the govemment had released Mbeki unconditionally it now South Africa- A major spy probe was reportedly under way after three white SADF appeared detennined to silence him. members working in a high-security intelligence section were arrested for releasing South Africa-Seven blacks were hanged, making a total of 157 hangings in 1987. classified infonnation. United Kingdom-The UN Security Council, the EEC, and many govemments including the US, as well as many private organizations, protested the impending 10 December executions of the Sharpeyille 6, including Theresa Rarnashamola, who would be the first South Africa-IV. a meeting in Johannesburg called for Intemational Human Rights African woman to be executed for a political offense. The group said Rarnashamola had Day, the Rev. accused the regime ofwaging war against human rights and been stripped, tortured with electric shock, and that her ann was broken in the course of provoking violence by preventing blacks from expressing opposition in peaceful ways. In interrogation. Cape Town, Archbishop Tutu said the regime's ban of a rally there was the latest in a se­ ries of provocations which were pushing the political opposition into abandoning nonviolence. 22 December South Africa-Authorities said 60 African police in Lekoa near Johannesburg Zimbabwe- Prime Minister Mugabe and ZAPU leaderJoshua Nkorno signed a unity mutinied; oneofthem said their white commander had tried to keep them from a meeting agreement joining their two parties under the name of ZANlJ-PF, the ruling party. to discuss grievances of pay and radal discrimination. USA - Pres. Reagan signed budget legislation including the Rangel Amendment, UnitedKingdom - Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, the Presidentofthe Anti-Apartheid which requires US companies doing business in South Africa to pay tax to the US Movement and chair of lOAF, delivered to Prime Minister Thatcher's residence a petition regardless of taxes paid in South Africa. The American Chamber of Commerce in South signed by over 250,000 people calling for the release of all detainees in South Africa and Africa said the move could lead to a deluge of disinvestment. Namibia, espedally children. ~anwhile Audrey Coleman of the Detainees' Parents Support Committee said there were about 1,500 detainees in South Africa, including some 250 who were under 18 at the time they were detained. 23 December Mozambique - The anny general staffsaid more than 400MNR rebels in Sofala prov­ ince last week surrendered to the anny. Aformer nurse in an MNR camp said there was 11 December despair among the rebels in Inhambane as well. ~anwhile authorities said foreign South Africa-Authorities served a restriction order on Govan Mbeki, which deliveries of food aid were falling seriously behind schedule, and that food shortages had prevented him from leaving Port Elizabeth, talking to joumalists, or writing for any reached critical proportions in Inhambane province. publication. The ANC said the restriction order gave the lie to Pretoria's claim that it was United Nations-The Security Council passed a unanimous resolution condemning prepared for dialogue. South Africa for its continued occupation of parts of Angola. The resolution did not refer Angola - The Interior Minister said South African forces were bombing govemment to sanctions. Areport by the Secretary General had said that a UN mission had concluded bases. ~anwhile the UN Security Council set 20 December as a new deadline for that at least 7,000 South African troops were still in Angola last week. South African withdrawal. 14 December 25 December South Africa- Authorities banned a Cape Town rally held to discuss Govan Mbeki's SouthAfrica- Police said five Africans were killed in Christmas Day fighting in Natal. restriction order, hours before it was scheduled to start. Activists lifted a consumer boycott allowing Christmas celebration in ghettos for the first Botswana - Explosions occurred in two low-income areas near Gaborone, making time since 1984. The regime continued to say the ANC had planned a violent "Christmas five such blasts since 11 December. campaign:' South Africa- SAPA said a white police commander was suspended after a mutiny Mozambique- Frelimo troops recaptured a major MNR base in Gaza province just by some 60 municipal police in Sebokeng. 500 policemen, most of the force, had failed over 200 km north of Maputo, after 14 combat encounters between govemment forces to report for duty since 11 DecerriJer. 5 and rebels. 27 December Britain's largest trading partner in Africa. Pres. Babangida urged her to reappraise her position on sanctions. Thatcher avoided the Nigerian press and told British South Africa- Archbishop Tutu called for an immediate end to bloodshed between correspondents she had won the argument on sanctions. rival African groups in Natal. He deplored the "relentless killings" and "shocking camage" and said the situation showed that apartheid generated violence in African communities. South Africa-An Amnesty Intemational report said South Africa had detained IV. least 13 people had been killed in the area since Christmas Eve. thousands of children since the State of Emergency was declared in june 1986. It said Zambia-The MNR raided a border town, killing one Zambian, stealing 600 cattle, some were seized and tortured to extract information, others to force their parents to talk, looting maize meal, and destroying governmentoffices and houses, leaving at least 1,000 and still others to frighten their communities. Zambians homeless. South Africa- The Soweto city council ordered residents of the McDonald's Farm squattersettlement in the Moroka area to move or becleared out. Some had been there 29 December over 30 years. South Africa - The organization revealed that the Home Affairs South Africa- The Coloured Labor Party refused the ruling Nationalist Party's pro­ Department had issued tens of thousands of ID documents with incorrect birthdates and posal to postpone the general election from 1989 (as required by the Constitution) to ID numbers, causing severe employment, pension, and survival problems for Africans 1992 unless the regime scrapped the Group Areas Act. holding them.

30 December 7 January SouthAfrica- Brig. Gen. took over the Transkei bantustan from Prime Netherlands - The Royal Dutch Shell Oil group said it was suing a Dutch town that Minister in a bloodless coup, accusing her of bribery and corruption. The boycotted its products because of Shell's presence in South Africa. Constitution was suspended, martial law declared, and political activity prohibited. Sigcau had become Prime Minister after an earlier coup by Holomisa on 24 September, Cuba - Asenior government official said there were about 40,000 Cubans in Angola, which ousted ChiefGeorge Matanzima. [Holomisa later said Sigcau had accepted bribes including at least 10,000 civilian construction workers, road builders, teachers, and from casino owners. She admitted accepting money but denied it was a bribe.) doctors. United Nations - The Security Council expressed concern and alann that large South Africa- Police banned all meetings in johannesburg planned to celebrate the quantities of weapons were still reaching South Africa despite the 1977 mandatory anns 76th anniversary of the ANC and the release in November of Govan Mbeki. In a press embargo. conference to mark the ANC anniversary, criticized Prime Minister Thatcher's stand on sanctions, saying no British Prime Minister of this century had done more than she to perpetuate apartheid. He called on whites to end their support of 31 December apartheid, and wamed the business community of the consequences of knowingly Mozambique - MNR rebels killed at least three people near the Swazi border. Since participating in government repression. October, rebels had killed about 400 people in attacks on convoys traveling along main roads to Maputo. 8 January Zimbabwe - Under a new Constitution, Prime Minister was South Africa- The Rev. Stanley Mogoba, Pres. and General Secretary ofthe Method­ inaugurated as Zimbabwe's first executive president, in a ceremony attended by six ist Church of Southern Africa, and Catholic Archbishop Denis Hurley of Durban released African heads of state and the leaders of the ANC, PAC and SWAPO. and an agreement by Inkatha and the UDF calling on their members to end their fighting in Simon Muzende were named Vice Presidents, and Nkomo was named Second Secretary Pietennaritzburg ghettos. of the unified ZANU party, one of three ZAPU members to be given full Cabinet posts. South Africa- The government fired two doctors and threatened others with dis­ Mozambique - The MNR derailed and looted a train 25 miles east of Mozambique's missal for criticizing conditions in Sowetds Baragwanath hospital. 100 white, African, border with South Africa, killed at least 22 people, wounded 71, and abducted several and Asian doctors had signed a letter deploring conditions. others. South African Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha denied any South African involvement in the attack and offered assistance. Pres. Chissano said South Africa's undeclared war - The Communist Party newspaper Pravda urged Britain to act as a tumed every Mozambican citizen into a target for murder, massacre or mutilation. mediator to find a solution to the problems of South Africa. 1 January 9 January South Africa- Law and Order Minister Adriaan VIol< said three "terrorists" and two Zaire-Government officials said the US and Zaire would conduct joint military "collaborators" were arrested in the QwaQwa bantustan after a tipoff. maneuvers in April at the Kamina air base and in Shaba Province. Kamina has reportedly been used to supply US weapons to UNITA and to train UNITA rebels in the use of US South Africa- Whites attacked African bathers at a whites-only beach in Durban. missiles. SAPA said that the Africans had small children with them and did not realize they were barred from the beach. Beaches were later patrolled by armed police. 11 January 2 Zimbabwe - A car bomb killed one person and seriously injured another outside a January house used by the ANC in Bulawayo. The attack came shortly after a visit by the wife of South Africa- Police shot dead two Africans in clashes at Katlehong near ANC Secretary General Alfred Nzo. [On 19 january authorities arrested 14 suspects, 13 johannesburg and a ghetto near Beaufort West in the Cape. Ten more were killed in the of them white, in connection with the bomb.) fighting near Pietennaritzburg. South Africa-Sitembele Zokwe, 31, was shot dead shortly after being arrested by security police in the Transkei. He had been detained on numerous occasions before, and 3 January questioned about alleged involvement with SACTU and the ANC. South Africa- The johannesburg Sunday Times said six South African soldiers who fought in Angola in 1987 had died of malaria and that the SADF confinned the deaths, 12 January but did not say where the soldiers were infected. The paper said over 100 soldiers were in hospital with a severe fonn of malaria that could cause pennanent brain damage. South Africa-Authorities in johannesburg warned that newspapers would be prosecuted if they ran ads for the film Cry Freedom which quoted its main characters, adivist Steve Biko and newspaper editor Donald Woods. The regime had unexpectedly 4 January allowed the film to be shown uncut. Kenya - On her first visit to Africa in nine years, British Prime Minister Margaret Angola-Government officials said UNITA rebels had been infiltrating northern Thatcher reiterated her opposition to sanctions against South Africa. Pres. Moi said that Angola from Zaire, and that Zairean planes had flown supplies to UNITA guerrillas inside for 40 years every peaceful attempt to end apartheid had been rejected, and that Angola. mandatory sanctions were the only peaceful weapon left. Namibia - SWAPO and other anti-apartheid groups called for the boycott and blacklisting of Red Scorpion, a film being made with South African military cooperation, 5 January and portraying a character similar to jonas Savimbi as a hero. South Africa- Police said they were sending reinforcements to the Pietennaritzburg area, where another five people were reported killed. UDF co-Pres. Archie Gumede said 13 January the police were reinforcements for Inkatha. Mozambique - A government report said the MNR was largely responsible for a big Angola - The government said South African forces had carried out a new series of jump in the child mortality rate, which now stood at 200 per thousand. The rate of attacks aimed at capturing the strategic town of Cuito Cuanavale and overrunning the undersized infants was 375 per thousand. Benguela railway. South Africa- The National Committee Against Removals said at least three million people were threatened with removal in different parts ofthe country, including 750,000 6 January to be incorporated into the QwaQwa and kwaZulu bantustans. -Several hundred anti-apartheid demonstrators organized by the South Africa-In "white-on-white" political violence, supporters of the ultra-right 2Y2-million-member Labor Congress met Margaret Thatcher on her arrival in Nigeria, AWB disrupted a meeting at Standerton southeast ofjohannesburg where Education Min- 6 ister FW. deKlerk was to speak. Scuffles broke out and tear gas and stink bombs were 23 January thrown. Mozambique-MNR rebels killed at least 70 people, wounded 34, and burned buildings including a hospital in a raid on a town in the south. 14 January South Africa- After an attempt to encourage peace talks at the KTC squatter camp, Namibia - Authorities said two residents of Oshakati West were killed by shrapnel in the Rev. said armed police had confronted his group. He said police wanted a mortar bombardment. None of the mortars were believed to have hit the town's division in the community and were doing their best to stir up the fighting. military base. [SWAPO later said at least 21 South African troops were killed.] Tanzania - At the end of SADCC's annual conference, intemational donor groups Swaziland- Two gunmen killed a South African refugee in a crowded restaurant and and countries pledged a total of $1 billion in new aid to the nine member countries. then escaped. At least 16 South Africans, many with ANC connections, had been assassinated in Swaziland in the past two years. 24 January South Africa- The New Nation, one of six newspapers threatened with closure by South Africa- Moumers at the funeral of Percy Qoboza defied government the regime, brought a court case to prevent this and to have the emergency press restrictions on speakers other than ministers. US ambassador Edward Perkins, Winnie restrictions declared invalid. Today was the 400th day in detention of the newspaper's ,\1andela, and MP attended the funeral in Soweto, where Qoboza was editor Zwelakhe Sisulu. praised as a spokesperson for the black masses who could not otherwise be heard. Belgium - Belgium ordered the expulsion of three South African Embassy officials, to South Africa-On his return to South Africa, Franz Josef Strauss held talks with protest the continued imprisonment of Belgian-bom Helene Passtoors, who was serving Bophuthatswana bantustan leader Lucas ,\1angope and with UNITA leader jonas a ten-year sentence for treason and assisting the ANC. Savimbi, whom he met at a secret venue in the Kalahari desert. Strauss was scheduled to Angola- Angola said at least 6,000 South African troops were fighting for UNITA in meet with kwaZulu bantustan leader Gatsha Buthelezi. the ongoing attack on Cuito Cuanavale. Mozambique - The military said Mozambican and Zimbabwean troops in Sofala last month had killed a white South African military specialist and ten MNR rebels. 15 January South Africa- Residents of a ghetto outside Aberdeen in the won a court order restraining 12 kitsconstabels or "instant police" and two regular policemen 25 January from assaulting ghetto residents. The kitseonstabels were accused of assaults, Angola - The governmentdenounced violations ofAngolan airspace from across the intimidation, harassment, and murder, including the killing of a local minister. lairean border, saying both lairean and South African planes were being used to supply UNITA groups operating in the north. . 17 January South Africa- Sicelo Dhlomo, 18, a staff member of the Detainees' Parents Support South Africa- Percy Qoboza, the editor of City Press and a Nieman Fellow at Committee, was found dead in Soweto. Police had detained him five days before to Harvard University, died at age 50. Qoboza was detained for si xmonths in 1977 after the question him about his appearance on the CBS-TV documentary "Children of Apartheid;' banning of his newspaper The World. where he had described being tortured in prison. South Africa- African parents in the Transvaal said hundreds of children were being 19 January turned away from high schools because ofovercrowding. Authorities admitted problems in some areas. South Africa - Police said another nine Africans were killed around Pietennaritzburg, and that AK-47 assault rifles were used for the first time. Angola - UNITA claimed that government forces abandoned the town of Cuito Cuanavale on 22 january and that its airstrip had been destroyed. The government Zambia - A bomb exploded at the ANC offices in Lusaka, moments after the arrival denied the claims. [UNITA admitted on 29 January that its attacks on Cuito Cuanavale of ANC Treasurer Thomas Nkobi and Secretary General Alfred Nzo. The building was were continuing.] heavily damaged. South Africa- The African Toumament Players Association said it would boycott the "Sunshine Circuit" golf tour for the rest of the year to protest racial discrimination. 26 January Namibia-The Namibian Council of Churches called for an end to military conscription. Namibia - The Rev. John Evenson ofthe Namibian Communications Center in London said 15 people had been detained in northern Namibia this month, mostly active Angola - The Mozambican press agency said Cuban planes were being used for the Christians who had opposed the illegal occupation of Namibia. first time in large-scale air raids against South African forces besieging Cuito Cuanavale. South Africa- Lawyer Halton Cheedle said an Inkatha leader shot and wounded two people who were seeking court orders against attack by him. Lawyers had been 20 January called by the UDF and COSATU to secure such restraining orders from the Natal Supreme South Africa- The right-wing Bavarian Premier, Franz Josef Strauss, met PW. Botha Court. at the start of a ten-day fact-finding visit to Southern Africa on behalf of West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. The UDF said Strauss was not welcomed by the majority of South Africans. Strauss opposes sanctions, considers the ANC and SWAPO to be terrorist 27 January organizations, supports the interim government in Namibia, and has said "one man, one vote would lead to chaos" in South Africa. South Africa- Franz josef Strauss again called for an intemational conference on South Africa's problems, a proposal Mozambique - RSA said Care International had had 15 drivers and assistants killed, endorsed by Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha. The Rev. Frank 25 trucks destroyed, 50 damaged, and 1,000 tons of food looted or burned in MNR Chikane ofthe SACC said it was disgusting that Strauss had said attacks since 1984. nothing about forced removals, incorporation of people into SouthAfrica- Four miners were killed and 67 injured at the Randfontein Estates gold bantustans, mass detentions, or the State of Emergency, but had mine, in what the National Union of Mineworkers said was an attack by Zulu miners instead called for support for UNITA and the recognition of the against their fellow Xhosa and Sotho miners. The union said 35 Sotho miners were then Bophuthatswana bantustan. deported to Lesotho, and that 4,000 Sotho and Xhosa miners struck to demand their reinstatement. [,\1anagement later fired some 450 miners, and on 25 january another miner was killed and five injured in further violence.] 28 January Namibia - The Commissioner of Police said police had arrested 44 people allegedly 21 January connected with the mortar attack on Oshakati. One was subsequently released. Sources South Africa - The kwaZulu transport company withdrew dismissal notices issued to in the north had reported a number of detentions, mainly of schoolteachers. more than 100 striking bus drivers in Pietennaritzburg, after talks with the Transport and Namibia - Shortly after Franz Josef Strauss was met by demonstrators on his arrival General Workers Union. The drivers had demanded additional protection after one of with "Pik" Botha in Windhoek, a bomb went off at a supennarket at an army base there. them was murdered on 17 January, the tenth bus driver to be killed in Pietermaritzburg [SWAPO later said the bomb was a reminder to the "two visiting defenders of white ghettos since ,\1ay. supremacy and colonialism" that there was war in Namibia.] SWAPO, the Namibian South Africa - Fourfamilies were evicted from their homes in Soweto, although some Council of Churches, and the Namibian Peace Plan Contact Group ofwhite businessmen produced receipts showing they had paid their rent. Another ten families had been and professors all condemned the Strauss visit, asking whetherthis meantWest Gennan evicted the previous week. recognition for the South African-appointed interim government. South Africa- Bus drivers in the Pietennaritzburg area, ofwhom ten had been killed 22 January since ,\1ay, demanded that SADF be brought in to protect them instead of local police, Mozambique-After talks with Pres. Chissano, Franz Josef Strauss said they who are generally thought to be controlled by Inkatha. discussed a possible meeting between PW. Botha and Chissano, and the convening of a United Kingdom - Labor Party leader Neil Kinnock protested the planned visits of conference on ending conflict in the region. Nleanwhile churches in Namibia called for a UNITA leaderJonas Savimbi and Iv1NR leader Alfonso Dhlakama, saying UNITA and the boycott of Strauss's planned visit there. MNR were responsible for appalling atrocities. 7 29 January Acronyms and Abbreviations ANC - African National Congress South Africa- Three people were killed in the lITe squatter camp and over 200 AWB - Afrikaner IM>erstandsbeweging or Afrikaner Resistance Movement, a group of radical right-wing South shacks bumed after the killing of a member of a conservative faction there. Hundreds of Africans. people fled the area with trucks and wheelbarrows, and about 3,000 were left homeless. Azapo - Azanian People's Organization BCM - Black Consciousness Movement Swaziland-Police said they arrested two ANC members and seized weapons in a BCP - Basutoland Congress Party .raid on a house in Manzini, 40 miles from Mbabane. Broederbond - a politically powerful secret society of right-wing Contact Group - the Westem mediating group on Namibian independence, made up of the US, France, UK, West Gennany and Canada 30 January COSAS - Council of South African Students COSATU - Congress of South African Trade Unions West Germany-Speaking in Munich after his tour of Southem Africa, Franz Josef OTA - Democratic Tumhalle Alliance Strauss said South Africa had promised to release 14 political prisoners within a week and EEC - European Economic Community might free 99 others. "Pik" Botha later said authorities had reviewed the cases of 121 flS - Front-l.ine States: Angola, Botswana, Mozambiq<.e, Tanzania, lambia and Zimbabwe detainees and released 99: 75 unconditionally, 14 on certain conditions, and ten on fOSATU - Federation of South African Trade Unions humanitarian or other special grounds. The regime had rejected Strauss's request for the frelimo - Mozambiq<.e Liberation Front, the ruling party HNP - Herstigte Nasionale Party, an extreme right-wing Afrikaner party release of four others, including union leader Moses Mayekiso and Vusi Khanyile of the IMf - Intemational Monetary Fund National Education Crisis Committee. LLA - , the military wing of the exiled BCP Angola - US State Departmentofficial Chester Crocker ended two days of talks with MNR - Mozambiq<.e National Resistance, also known as Renamo MPC - Multi-l'arty Conference, a group of 1ntemal parties" (excluding SWAPO) backed by South Africa as an in- < an Angolan delegation which for the firsttime included a senior Cuban official. [fhe State terim govemment for Namibia Department later claimed a breakthrough, saying Angola had agreed on the need for a MPLA - Popular Movement for the liberation of Angola, the ruling party total withdrawal of Cuban troops. Angola said this had always been its position, provided NAMOA - National Medical and Dental Association South African troops were withdrawn from Namibia, and UN Resolution 435 was N/S - National intelligenc-e Service [South Africa] implemented.) NUM - National Union of Mineworkers NUMSA - National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa South Africa- Police said six African police and one civilian were wounded in the NUSAS - National Union of South African Students Meadowlands and areas of Soweto when gunmen fired on their vehicle. OAU - Organization of African Unity PAC - Pan-Africanist Congress 31 January PfP - Progressive Federal Party SAAWU - South African Allied Workers Union South Africa- Police said four more people were killed in African ghettos near SACC - South African Council of Churches Pietermaritzburg. The death toll stood at around 400. SACTU - South African Congress of Trade Unions SADCC - Southem Africa Development Coordination Conference SAOf - South African Defense Force SAPA - South African Press Association lOAF has three objectives: (1) to aid, defend and rehabilitate the victims of unjust legisla­ SAYeD - South African 'lbuth Congress tion and oppressive and arbitrary procedures, (2) to ~port their families and dependents, SWAPO - People's Organization (3) to keep the consdence of the world alive to the issues at stake. SWATf - South West Africa Territorial Force lOAF News Notes is published qJarterly by the United States Committee of the UOf - United Democratic Front UN/TA - National Union for the Total Independence of Angola International Defense and Aid Fund for Southem Africa, PO. Box 17, Cambridge, UN Resolution 435 - a Security Council resolution calling for a ceasefire in Namibia and the withdrawal of South Massachusetts 02138. President: Willard johnson, Executive Director: Kenneth N. Carstens. African troops. The UN Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAGl. which would include UN peacekeeping troops, News Notes Editor: Geoffrey Wisner. would be stationed in Namibia in preparation for elections to be held under UN supervision. Contributors for this issue: Kenneth Carstens. ZANU - Zimbabwe African National Union, the ruling party ZAPU - Zimbabwe African People's Union Photos: New Nation, South African Institute of Race Relations, Geoffrey Wisner. One (Rl.OOI equals approximately SO¢

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