Interaction Design Patterns Und Videolernumgebungen

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Interaction Design Patterns Und Videolernumgebungen Niels Seidel Interaction Design Patterns und CSCL-Scripts für Videolernumgebungen Interaction Design Patterns und CSCL-Scripts für Videolernumgebungen Dem Wissenschaftlichen Rat des Internationalen Hochschulinstitutes Zittau eingereichte DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.) vorgelegt von Niels Seidel geboren am 7. Oktober 1981 in Löbau Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. pol. habil. Thorsten Claus (TU Dresden) Prof. Dr. rer. pol. habil. Bärbel Fürstenau (TU Dresden) Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christian Kohls (TH Köln) Einreichung: Zittau, den 10. November 2016 Disputation: Dresden, den 26. Februar 2018 Niels Seidel Interaction Design Patterns und CSCL-Scripts für Videolernumgebungen Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren haben Lernvideos im Bereich des informellen und formellen Lernens an Bedeutung gewonnen. Inwieweit Lernende bei der Nutzung von Videos unterstützt werden und Lehrende didaktische Szenarien umsetzen können, hängt jedoch von der eingesetzten Vi- deolernumgebung ab. Es ist Anliegen der vorliegende Arbeit, Prinzipien des User Interface Designs sowie Komponenten und Mechanismen videobasierter Lehr-Lern-Szenarien in Bezug auf Videolernumgebungen zu identifizieren, zu beschreiben und technisch zu realisieren. Das Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit besteht darin, Gestaltungsprinzipien in Form von Interaction De- sign Patterns zu erarbeiten und computergestützte videobasierte Lehr-Lern-Szenarien mit Hilfe von CSCL-Scripts durch eine geeignete Spezifikation und Formalisierung zu realisieren. Für die Erarbeitung der Interaction Design Patterns wurden 121 Videolernumgebungen hin- sichtlich 50 Kategorien in einer Inhaltsanalyse empirisch untersucht und dokumentiert. Unter Berücksichtigung ähnlicher Patterns aus thematisch verwandten Pattern Languages und den Erfahrungen aus der Implementierung und dem Einsatz von Videolernumgebungen entstan- den 45 Interaction Design Patterns für verbreitete Lösungen für wiederkehrende Probleme bei der Gestaltung und Entwicklung von Videolernumgebungen. Diese Patterns wurden auf Pattern Konferenzen diskutiert und im Anschluss evaluiert sowie bei der Konzeption, Entwick- lung und Bewertung mehrerer Videolernumgebungen angewendet. Zudem wurde das Soft- ware Framework VI-TWO vorgestellt, mit dem sich fast alle Patterns auf einfache Weise in Web-Anwendungen realisieren lassen. Zur Spezifikation videobasierter CSCL-Scripts wurden existierende videobasierte und nicht vi- deobasierte Scripts analysiert. Im Ergebnis unterschieden sich videobasierte CSCL-Scripts von allgemeinen CSCL-Scripts vor allem hinsichtlich der mit dem Video verknüpften oder darin ver- ankerten Aufgaben und Aktivitäten. Videos werden dabei nicht als monolithische Einheiten, sondern als zeitkontinuierliche Medien betrachtet, in denen weitere Informationen zeitgenau verankert und Lernaktivitäten stattfinden können. Außerdem ließen sich drei Typen videoba- sierter CSCL-Scripts identifizieren: (1) Scripts zur Analyse und Diskussion von Videoinhalten, (2) Peer Annotation Scripts einschließlich dem Peer Assessment und (3) Jigsaw-Scripts, die das problembasierte Lernen mit Hilfe von Videos ermöglichen. Unabhängig davon variiert die Komplexität der Scripts auf drei Stufen: (1) sofern voneinander abgegrenzte zeitliche Phasen von Lernaktivitäten bestehen, (2) wenn darüber hinaus die Teilnehmer innerhalb von Gruppen Aufgaben bearbeiten (intra-group) und (3) falls außerdem Aufgaben auch gruppenübergreifend bearbeitet werden (inter-group). Auf Grundlage der Spezifikation konnte ein Datenmodell und ein Modell für die nutzerseitige Modellierung von Scripts verschiedener Komplexitätsstufen sowie Typen entwickelt und in dem CSCL-System VI-LAB realisiert werden. Diese Arbeit leistet in zweifacher Hinsicht einen Beitrag zur Forschung im Bereich E-Learning. Zum einen beschreiben die Interaction Design Patterns wiederkehrende User Interface Lösun- gen und stellen somit ein Hilfsmittel für Designer, Software Entwickler und Lehrende bei der Gestaltung und Implementierung von Videolernumgebungen dar. Zum anderen wurden durch die Spezifikation und softwareseitige Umsetzung videobasierter CSCL-Scripts Voraussetzun- gen geschaffen, die den praktischen Einsatz und die weitere Untersuchung des kollaborativen Lernens mit Videos ermöglichen. 8 Summary Interaction design patterns and CSCL scripts for video-based learning environments. In the past years videos played an increasingly important role in formal and informal education. The support of video-based learning activities as well as the ability to incorporate respective instructions heavily depends on the design of the learning environment in use. This work aims to identify and describe the underlying user interface design principles as well as components and mechanisms for collaborative video-based learning. The objective this work is to elaborate design principles in terms of design patterns as well as computer-supported learning scripts dedicated to audiovisual media. In order to identify and elaborate interaction design patterns, 121 video-based learning environ- ments was examined in a content analysis with 50 different coding categories. Furthermore, patterns from related pattern languages and experiences from the development of software prototypes and conducted field studies were considered. The resulting 45 interaction design patterns represent common solutions for reoccurring problems in the design and development of video-based learning environments. The patterns were discussed at pattern conferences and evaluated from multiple perspectives. They have been used to draft, develop, and evalua- te multiple video-based learning environments. The presented hypervideo framework VI-TWO helps to transfer the patterns into usable web components. In the second part of the work, components and mechanisms of video-based CSCL scripts could be derived from existing video-based and general CSCL scripts. In contrast to general scripts, video-based scripts include temporal anchored tasks and video-related activities. In this perspective videos are considered as continuous media elements that can be augmented by additional contents and time-related learning activities. Three different types of video-based CSCL scripts could be identified: 1) scripts that aim to analyse and discuss the video content, 2) peer annotation and peer assessment scripts, and 3) Jigsaw scripts that enable problem- based learning. The intrinsic complexity is a distinctive feature of these scripts. The complexity is arranged at three levels: The first level is determined by timely detached phases of learning activities. If additional assignments are processed within groups (intra-group) the scripts’ com- plexity is on level 2. The third level is characterised by assignments and achievements that invol- ve learners across different groups (inter-group). Based on the specified script components (e.g. groups, resources, activities, system features) and mechanisms (sequencing, group formation, task anchoring), a specific data model and an user interface concept has been developed and conveyed in a CSCL system named VI-LAB. The system supports the different script types and complexity levels. The contributions made to the research field of Technology-Enhanced Learning are two-fold. First, the interaction design patterns are a valuable tool for designers, developers, and instruc- tors who are designing or implementing video-based learning environments. Second, the reali- sed system and the specified video-based CSCL scripts lay the foundation for applying scripts in the field and enables further research about collaborative video-based learning. 9 N. Seidel. Interaction Design Patterns und CSCL-Scripts für Videolernumgebungen. Dissertation. TU Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233756. Diese Publikation ist unter Creative Commons – Namensnennung 3.0 Deutschland lizenziert und darf als Ganzes oder ausschnittweise vervielfältigt, verbreitet und öffentlich zugänglich gemacht werden, sofern dies im Text nicht anders vermerkt ist. Qucosa-URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-233756 Autor: Niels Seidel Gestaltung und Satz: Niels Seidel / LATEX Datum: 5. März 2018 10 Vorwort Die vorliegende Dissertation entstand an der Professur für Produktionswirtschaft und Informa- tionstechnik am Internationalen Hochschulinstitut Zittau – einer Zentralen Wissenschaftlichen Einrichtung der Technischen Universität Dresden. Mein besonderer Dank gilt dem Inhaber der Professur: Prof. Dr. Thorsten Claus. Er hat mir die Möglichkeiten und die Freiräume geschaf- fen, mich diesem umfangreichen Thema anzunehmen. Sein außerordentliches Interesse am E-Learning förderte zudem eine stetigen Verbesserung der entwickelten Ansätze und Lösun- gen. Außerdem danke ich zahlreichen Personen, die auf unterschiedliche Weise zum Gelingen der Arbeit beigetragen haben. Dazu zählen insbesondere: – Dr. Johannes Cullmann (ehem. IHP/HWRP Sekretariat, Koblenz), Dr. Marco Leidel (ehem. TU Dresden), Dr. Steffen Niemann (UFZ Leipzig) sowie Andrea Wessler (IHP/HWRP Se- kretariat, Koblenz) für die Gelegenheit zusammen das E-Learning Modul IWRM education zu entwickeln und zu untersuchen. – Prof. Dr. Thomas Köhler (TU Dresden) sowie seinen Mitarbeitern Dr. Daniela Pscheida und Dr. Steffen Albrecht für die inspirierende Zusammenarbeit im E-Learning Cluster des eScience – Forschungsnetzwerk Sachsen. – Prof. Dr. Eric Schoop (TU Dresden) und seinen Mitarbeitern für die sehr gute Zusammen- arbeit in gemeinsamen Projekten und das konstruktive
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