WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 | VOLUME 22 • ISSUE 002 | KSHS. 500/=
PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORS OF KENYA
Managing the Beyond “Heart” of a Firm Reinforced Qs Andrew Mandere’s Concrete: Parting Shot Superior Structures With The IQSK Joint Post-Tensioned Students’ Council Concrete 2018 IQSK Annual Golf Tournament
03.08 Fri 2018
Venue en Golf Cl ar ub Charges K Time: Ksh.3,000 categories of prizes 1. Overall Winner rookie session full day 2. Runner up 3. Third Runner up Ksh.2,000 4. Fourth Runner up 4-5pm 5. Best Quantity Surveyor 6. Best Senior Quantity Contests, prizes Surveyor 7. 1st Nine & cocktail 8. 2nd Nine
9. Best Lady 10. Longest Drive Men For more information and reservations kindly contact the Event Organizer, 11. Longest Drive Women Advance Public Relations & Marketing: Nisha Van Hoek /Gladys Gathu Tel: 0721 608 670/ 0733 601 061/ 0713 427 257 12. Nearest to the pin Men Email: [email protected] • [email protected]/[email protected] 13. Nearest to the pin Women 14. Best Effort/ Piga Mingi sponsors
ALAF
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C - 0 M - 100 Y - 100 UGANDA K - 0 BAATI SUPERIOR QUALITY SINCE 1964 C - 100 M - 80 Y - 0 K - 0
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UGANDA BAATI THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR 2018 IQSK Annual Golf Tournament
03.08 Fri 2018 COVER IMAGE The Microsoft Auditorium - Strathmore Law School Venue en Golf Cl CONTENTS ar ub Charges K REGULARS Time: Editorial 4 p.9 Ksh.3,000 categories of prizes Chairman’s Report 6 1. Overall Winner rookie session full day 2. Runner up Interesting Construction Facts 8 3. Third Runner up Pictorial 20 Ksh.2,000 4. Fourth Runner up Current Construction Cost in Kenya 28 4-5pm 5. Best Quantity Surveyor Current Construction Costs Per Area in Kenya 36 6. Best Senior Quantity Members in Good Standing 38 Contests, prizes Surveyor Directory of Consulting Quantity Surveying Firms 41 7. 1st Nine & cocktail FEATURES & STORIES 8. 2nd Nine p.12 The Land Surveyor’s Lens: 9. Best Lady 10. Longest Drive Men The Suswa Fault Line Incident can be Better Studied by GNSS Technology 9 For more information and reservations Opinion: kindly contact the Event Organizer, 11. Longest Drive Women Advance Public Relations & Marketing: Nisha Van Hoek /Gladys Gathu When It Caves 10 Tel: 0721 608 670/ 0733 601 061/ 0713 427 257 12. Nearest to the pin Men Email: [email protected] • Management: [email protected]/[email protected] 13. Nearest to the pin Women Managing The “Heart” of a Firm 12 14. Best Effort/ Piga Mingi World of Engineering: Beyond Reinforced Concrete: Superior Structures with Post-Tensioned 14 Concrete Opinion: sponsors Essential Skills of the Future Quantity Surveyor 17 Student Corner:
p.26
The IQSK Joint Students’ Council 18
Student Corner:
Challenges of the Future 19 ALAF The History of Construction in Kenya: The Rise of the National Construction Corporation (NCC) 26 LAXMANBHAI MRM C O N S T R U C T I O N LT D . MABATI ROLLING MILLS SAFAL B U I L D I N G & G E N E R A L C O N T R A C T O R S STEEL Pantone Blue 072C Pantone 179C Pantone Cool Gray 7 C
C - 0 M - 100 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 3 Y - 100 UGANDA K - 0 BAATI SUPERIOR QUALITY SINCE 1964 C - 100 M - 80 Y - 0 K - 0
UGANDA C - 0 M - 0 Y - 100 BAATI K - 0
UGANDA BAATI THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
EDITORIAL THE TEAM EDITOR Qs. Sylvester Oluoch
TOWARDS ASSISTANT EDITOR GREATER Qs. Portia Ajayo DESIGN AND LAYOUT GROWTH Eric Ng’ang’a EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Qs. Sylvester Oluoch Qs. Portia Ajayo Qs. Jasan Wanyoike s we present the second issue of In view of the recent collapse of yet Dr. Qs. Njeri Wachira-Towey our Journal this year, we unveil another building, it is evident that the Qs. Mutinda Mutuku Athe newly elected members of the issue is yet to be conclusively resolved. Asst. Qs. David Derrick George Gitau IQSK Council who will serve the Institute We revisit this pending issue of collapsing Ernest Nyakundi for the next two years, led by QS. Peter buildings in the country, highlighting the Jemimah Kaluvi Kariuki. We sincerely thank the out-going roles and responsibilities of the different Council, which was ably headed by QS. parties involved in the construction IQSK EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Andrew Mandere, for their selfless service process. It is high time we all took up Qs. Peter S. Kariuki Chairman in steering the Institute to greater heights. our responsibilities and did away with Qs. James Munene Vice Chairman Qs. Mutinda Mutuku Hon. Secretary The Editorial desk congratulates the new the common practice of passing the buck Qs. Andrew Mbuku Hon. Treasurer Council and look forward to realizing which leaves issues unresolved and results Qs. Jennifer Musyimi Hon. Registrar even greater achievements as an Institute, in continued destruction of property and Qs. Joel Gichimu Ass. Hon. Secretary under their leadership. In QS. Mandere’s loss of life. Our regular articles from the Qs. Andrew Mandere Immediate Past parting shot, you will notice the strides we World of Engineering, the History of Chairman COUNCIL MEMBERS have made over the years as an Institute. Construction in Kenya, and others have QS. Gladys Wahome None of these would have been achieved also been included in this Issue. Qs. Sylvester Oluoch without your support. For this we are very There is a palpable positive vibe in the Qs. Jordan Rabach grateful. economic atmosphere, with the economy Qs. Adeline Dindi We have prepared a selection of set to improve now that the long-awaited Qs. Kennedy Mwendwa insightful articles including one on the budget has been unveiled and with it, IQSK SECRETARIAT use of technology to prevent, mitigate and the resources set aside for the ‘Big Four’ Faith Murigu Executive Officer solve modern-day issues in construction. agenda. It is our sincere hope that this Lydiah Chege Finance & Admin Officer The article focuses on the widening of indicative plan will provide the necessary Victorine Chasia Administrative Assistant the Suswa fault line, and how technology momentum for the steady growth of the Kadiri Atsenga Office Assistant & Driver could have been applied to prevent and/ economy and no doubt, of the construction or manage the disaster. In an era where industry as well. considerable strides have been made in technological advancement, it is only Enjoy the read! prudent to use the same to improve the PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION quality of life. This article highlights one Portia Ajayo The Quantity Surveyor, the official journal of way in which we could begin doing this. Assistant Editor the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya (IQSK), is published quarterly by IQSK located at Blue Violets Plaza, office 106 along the Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive junction. P. O. Box 13929-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
TO ADVERTISE CONTACT; Mobile: 0721-676823 / 0786-676824 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.iqskenya.org DISCLAIMER All correspondence to the editor is assumed to be intended for publication. The Quantity Surveyor admits no liability for unsolicited articles or pictures, which must be accompanied by a self addressed stamped envelope. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this journal, the authors, publishers and editors accept no responsibility for any loss, financial or otherwise, sustained by any person using this information. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in Meeting with one of the founding members Qs. Hazron Maira based in the U.K. who paid a courtesy any form or any means without prior written call to the Secretariat with some of the current Council members. permission of IQSK. All rights reserved.
4 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG IN 2006 APEX STEEL PRODUCED THE FIRST AND STILL THE BEST REBAR IN EAST AFRICA. AFTER ALL APEX MEANS ‘THE PINNACLE’
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CHAIRMAN’S REPORT OPENING A NEW CHAPTER AT THE IQSK
The New Council Members (2018-2020) with the Scrutineers, Prof. QS Hezekiah Gichunge and QS Festus Litiku
t the 23rd Annual General Meeting held at the Sarova of land. This is, therefore, a wakeup call for all of us in the industry Hotel on 24th May, 2018 the Institute of Quantity to see how we fit in all these. Asurveyors of Kenya (IQSK) Members elected a twelve [12] Just like the government has done my Council has laid out member Council to lead the Institute for the next two years. I Four pillars on which to pursue its legacy for the next two years. was elected the Chairman of the 1400 Member strong Institute These are mainly i) Empowering our customers (members); ii) for this period. For this honor, I wish to thank all our members Capacity building of the people who serve our customers; iii) and promise that my Council will do all that is within its power Systems and processes through which our customers are served; to take the Institute to the next level. and iv) financial freedom. This Council has recognized that the The Institute would not have been where it is without the reason for its being is the membership of the institute, whom we wise and bold leadership of our founding fathers who founded shall take as our customers in the organization. it twenty four years ago, and the succeeding leadership up to, Our focus will be heavy on training and creation of an and including, the immediate past council led by QS. Andrew environment rich of opportunities for our members. The Mandere. We salute you for steering this ship selflessly thus far. government’s four pillars provide such an opportunity. We shall, We are going to build on the infrastructure you have laid for us. therefore, be seeking opportunities to engage the government My Council is taking the Captainship at a time when there and explore ways in which the local practitioners can be brought is a raging debate on the Big four National Legacy pillars for on board in its undertakings. Some of the proposals include the Jubilee Government led by His Excellency Uhuru Muigai having national competitions which will give everyone an equal Kenyatta. This are: Universal Health care, Food Security, opportunity to participate in providing an affordable housing Manufacturing and Affordable Housing. We at IQSK are alive solution. The other idea could be to give it the Economic to the fact that this can never be realized without the input of the Stimulus approach where it is broken into smaller units that are Construction Industry. For this reason the IQSK fully supports consumable locally. This will ensure that there is a trickledown the Government’s initiatives and is ready and willing to support effect to all corners of the economy and, most importantly, that the Government and to share ideas when called upon towards the these resources will be re-invested back into the local economy. realization of these goals. All the Four [4] pillars must be housed The industry has the capacity to accommodate both local and somewhere but probably affordable housing is what will rattle all international partners. There should, therefore, be enough for all. the players in the construction Industry. However, a clear demarcation needs to be set for the requirements, On technology, Expanded Polystyrene System (EPS) panels between what must be sourced locally and what needs to be seems to be the system favored to deliver the housing pillar. This is imported. on account of speed and environmental considerations. However, We have also realized that a skilled, happy person serving other local material e.g. stabilized soil blocks, which could also fit customers will translate into happy customers. We will, therefore, the bill seem to have been relegated to the side for now. Other be building better capacity and training on areas that we find we considerations would be culture preservation using design and are deficient in at the Secretariat. Systems and Processes form the materials available at the county levels. There is, therefore, space third pillar which we are geared to focus on. This will ensure that for more exploration in this area. information is well stored and transmitted swiftly and accurately. The Budget was finally delivered at Parliament by the Finally we believe that our fourth Pillar, which is the financial Cabinet Secretary for Treasury, Henry Rotich, on 15th June freedom, will be achieved from a happy and satisfied customer 2018. Again, the Budget is seen as complimentary to the Big who is enthusiastic of programs lined up for him. He will not only Four Agenda as stated by his Excellency, the President. In this be ready to pay for them but pay in a timely manner. Budget, approximately 400 billion Shillings was set aside for My Council and I will be engaging with the membership of the four sectors. Other stimulus actions have also been built our Institute as we believe that it is in working together that we into the Budget. These include: reducing the Corporate Tax to shall realize our objectives 13 % for providing 100 units per annum, down from 400 Units, Government Security to external Financing companies, Final Peter Kariuki Product Uptake Guarantee and, finally, partnership and provision IQSK, Chairman
6 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
PARTING SHOT THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT
joined the IQSK Council in the year 2010 as a Council Member without knowing what was awaiting me. Once inside, II came face-to-face with the reality of several issues that I previously did not know existed or which I had never taken time to understand. These realities included the lack of funds to run the Institute leading to low wages for the Secretariat’s staff, poor office accommodation for the Institute (the Institute was operating from a one-roomed DSQ leased from one of our Senior Quantity Surveyors). The rent was minimal but the Institute was hardly able to meet its obligations. There were hardly any Policies guiding the Council on how to run the Institute. The staff at the Secretariat were only three. The Council of 2010-2012 embarked on developing policies and structures at the Institute, the most important of which was the IQSK financial policy that greatly improved the financial management of the Institute. It also developed the first Strategic Plan 2011-2016 for the Institute which laid the foundation of growth for the Institute in a structured manner. Some of the major pillars of this first Strategic Plan included growth of membership and growth of the financial base of the Institute. Subsequent Councils have built on that Strategic Plan and have continued to guide the Institute to greater growth and development to a well- structured professional association that is gradually headed to a world-class status in the not distant future. The annual budget of the Institute in 2010 was about Kenyan Shillings three million. Currently it is in the region of Kenya Shillings eighteen million. Membership in 2010 was less than four hundred as compared to over one thousand two hundred currently. “I wish to assure the Quantity Surveying fraternity that I served IQSK Council I have learnt many things especially to do with governance, leadership and people skills. I believe the gains in with a singular mindedness of these areas are worth more than personal sacrifices that go with ensuring a great and respectable serving. For this reason I shall forever be greatly indebted to all our members. I wish to assure the Quantity Surveying fraternity Institute of integrity that will outlive that I served with a singular mindedness of ensuring a great and respectable Institute of integrity that will outlive all of us. all of us.” However, if I erred in any way or offended any member in the course of my stay at the IQSK Council I would like to assure From the abode at a DSQ in 2010, the Institute now prides everyone that it was inadvertent. I leave the helm of IQSK a itself as the owner of its own office bought through the goodwill proud Quantity Surveyor. I am confident that the new leadership of the members and strategic partners with the leadership of the that you elected into office in May this year will take IQSK to IQSK Councils. The Institute’s profile has grown over the years even higher levels. It has a good mix of old hands with experience, and now it is well positioned to be heard and listened to by not digital age members and a good balance of both genders. I wish only those in the industry but also by the Governmental bodies. them every success in achieving the goals and objectives of the On the welfare of members the Institute has since put in place Institute as per the Strategic Plan, 2018-2023 a medical insurance scheme for members, their staff and/or family and also launched a benevolent fund. In addition the Institute has Long live IQSK and God bless our new Council. continued to hold the Continuous Professional Development of members through conducting fairly priced Seminars. QS Andrew Mandere is the Immediate Past Chairman of the I would like to give credit to all our members and all the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya. He served as the Chairman various Council Members who have over time worked selflessly of the Institute from 2014 – 2018. to make our dream come true. For all the honour and support accorded to me by our members to serve in the Council and later as your Chairman I salute you. Through serving in the
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 7 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
INTERESTING CONSTRUCTION FACTS MATERIALS THAT WILL TRANSFORM CONSTRUCTION IN THE FUTURE By Jasan Wanyoike
Honeycombing is definitely another clear defect. Such defects may be harbingers of large scale defects when they are ubiquitous. Check that the stones do not fragment easily. Exposed stonework/ concrete work must be not exposed to stagnant water or leaks – this will show up as efflorescence once it dries out. Steel and aluminium Steel is mostly tested at the materials stage and few defects can be attributed to workmanship. All steel must be properly primed before fixing. Check for the weld characteristics, inconsistent welds with holes are a problem. Weld must for be for entire joints and must follow specifications. Check that all bolts and screws are consistent and none are missing. Importantly, confirm using callipers the dimensions of the sections. Rusty steel is another warning sign. For aluminium, ensure that it is powder-coated and not spray-painted. Powder coat is thicker, harder to scratch and rarely peels with the fingernail scratch. Spray paint will not be consistent on aluminium and will easily scratch. Any bubbling on paint indicates a problem. Anodised aluminium coat The Leaning Tower of Pisa - Italy should not come off. Good grade stainless steel must not rust, check for pitting ll construction is prone to defects, timber poses quite a challenge. To check corrosion on any stainless steel item some defects are latent while for well-seasoned timber (tantalised including fixing screws. Asome are more manifest (patent timber), check the cross section of the defects). The sight of a leaning tower, wood, because the seasoning changes the Water ingress slanted columns, glaring cracks, odd colour of the grain. Well done pressure Most water leakage problems can be colours and other tell-tale signs indicate impregnation should produce a consistent traced to poor workmanship, cracks, or the presence of defects, sometimes even shade to the inner parts. For Creosote and improper mixes. Missing water bars on to the untrained eye. Engineers and copper preservatives, the shade on surfaces window sills, improperly constructed or Architects have technical references for has to be consistent on all exposed faces missing flashings will most likely also lead looking out for defects and sometimes of the timber to indicate solvent dipping to defects. Damp proof membrane must include expensive tests such as hammer rather than paint brushing. be consistently laid and of appropriate tests, infra-red, sonar tests etc. to establish thickness. Unfortunately, water ingress the presence of defects. Defects are caused Concrete and masonry defects are only detected latently and the by bad design, poor workmanship and Concrete materials must be checked best way is to supervise the workmanship defective materials. The best way to deal before batching. The sand must be checked and obtain guarantees for specialised with them is to prevent their occurrence. for silt, the ballast must be free of foreign work. In this article, we look at some simple materials and water must be potable water. When defects have been suspected, it ways that can be used by both experts and Once the mixing has been done, a simple is then best to consult an expert and carry unskilled persons to identify common slump test will tell if the mix is adequate. more tests to ascertain the extent and defects in construction. For reinforced concrete, tests are usually remedies available commissioned for strength characteristics. Lumber However, any exposed reinforcement is a The writer is a practising Quantity Surveyor and Warped, curved or misshapen timber is a defect. Flaking or falling off mortar with Project Manager at E-Scan Projects Ltd. straight giveaway for defects. Unseasoned hand touch should be a matter of concern.
8 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
THE LAND SURVEYOR’S LENS THE SUSWA FAULT LINE INCIDENT CAN BE BETTER STUDIED BY GNSS TECHNOLOGY By Derrick Koome
network of CORS stations, it would be easier to have a unified Geodetic Reference Frame. However, there is work in progress in this stead. Africa under the auspices of an initiative called AFREF (African Geodetic Reference Frame) is trying to push for installation of this key infrastructure in all the African countries. How the countries are responding to this call is a topic for another day. From the Suswa fault line incident, it is now becoming evident that the clamor to have CORS installations across the country is not an item agenda for surveyors n March 2018, Kenyans witnessed an Since the Suswa fault was caused by heavy only but for geologists and meteorologists interesting phenomenon: A section rains flooding out deposits of volcanic as well. Iof the Mai Mahiu – Narok Road was ash, a CORS network can also be used to One of the victims of the fault line, rendered impassable after it split following model the atmosphere (troposphere and which extends three kilometers, spoke of heavy rains that led to flooding. In true ionosphere) over Kenya contributing to how his house started splitting when they Kenyan fashion, fears were propagated in atmospheric studies and more accurate were enjoying dinner in the evening. They tabloids and social media that the country weather predictions. immediately scampered for safety and was splitting into two. Currently, according to CORSMAP with assistance from neighbors managed Geologists were quick to respond and (www.corsmap.com), there are only four to save their belongings. Unfortunately, allay fears of a split. The explanation given publicly known CORS in the country. they could not save the house which was was that deep seated volcanic ash from Three are run by institutions and one by subsequently ‘swallowed’ by the unfolding the surrounding volcanic Mt. Longonot an individual. Kenya Power, the country’s fault line. area had been washed away leaving a four sole power distributor, is said to have 19 To prepare better for these kind of meter by six meter deep gulley. The gulley CORS stations distributed across towns incidents, let’s see how we can kick-start extended up to 3 kilometers. in Kenya. However this investment is the conversation to install a comprehensive There was a subtle chest-thumping by for the company’s own private use and CORS network for our country. Should the geologists who claimed that the road little is known about it. I think they workshops be conducted to help us better was built without their consultation. Had might be irked by the fact that I have this understand this technology? Mind you, they been involved during the feasibility information. professionals and experts in this area are phase, they would have advised against Since Kenya has not experienced not lacking. If all universities and research building the road under deep underground natural disasters by way of earthquakes institutions had one such installation fault lines. of 7.0 Richter Scale, there has been each, we would have covered good ground Despite the conclusion that splitting little concern about the need to study already of the country was not possible in a short the country’s seismic activity. Countries span of time, one geologist alluded to the like Japan that experience such kind of Author’s Note need for an investment in research in the disasters more often are so advanced in By sharing a platform with writers affected areas. If, indeed, the country was their CORS network that studies resulting better than myself, I do not claim splitting, it would occur at a rate of 1mm from those installations can adequately to be an expert of anything. I am in a period of a million years or so, a claim predict the next earthquake. only guilty of having the courage to was made. Another application of a CORS write of what little I know about. In my opinion, the best way to be network would be to standardize the Help me to write better by sharing sure of these claims would be to do actual geodetic framework of the continent. your thoughts of what you think of measurements using a technology known This is French for “standardizing the unit the articles or by suggesting topics as Global Navigation Satellite Systems of measurement” used by surveyors and that you think a land surveyor could (GNSS). This would involve installing other professionals when carrying out provide a perspective to a QS. My Continuously Operating Reference GNSS measurements. Imagine a QS who, e-mail address is koome09@gmail. Systems (CORS) stations, not only in the in every country they get work, has to use com. Thanks and keep well! affected area, but across the country hence a different standard of measurement say forming a nationwide CORS network. feet, inches, millimeters etc. This means These stations continuously log they constantly have to convert to a unit The writer is a Survey Engineering Consultant GNSS observables and are able to detect they are most familiar with to get a sense based in Nairobi. For more information about him, visit his LinkedIn profile using the link https:// even the slightest movements of tectonic of what they’re looking at. ke.linkedin.com/in/derrick-koome-352b9978 plates or other underground movements. If all countries in Africa had a
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 9 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
OPINION WHEN IT CAVES
By Lynda Caroline
nother one bites the dust. And the situation trajectory of the increase as the solution to form a thick paste - in along with it, the adjacent in number of structural failures crossed layman’s terms – which is then poured Aresidential flat. Not that we are his line of sight. Shockingly, only 42% of onto reinforcement bars. Reinforcement counting, but a crevice forms within our the buildings received a positive nod and bars (steel) are meant to carry the tension experts-in-construction village. And were declared safe and sound. That begs forces within concrete; which hinders we can feel it, like an angina pectoris the question: Are we headed to see more concrete from warping and sagging when attack. This particular one happened on buildings settling and what could be the poured onto formwork. This means that 02/06/2018 in Huruma Estate, a crowded root cause? This article intends to shed the reinforcement has to be carefully middle class residential estate in Nairobi. light on the causes of collapse of high-rise chosen by a structural engineer so that Government Inspectors had already buildings and answer whether they are the re-bars can bear the concrete without raised the red flag to this flat but some of built to last. giving in. the tenants threw all caution to the wind A high-rise building has a skeletal For every class of concrete, there is and gave it the green signal. Haven’t they structure referred to as the Reinforced a reinforcement bar to it. In this view been living and sleeping in it anyway? Concrete Frame. It comprises of suspended one of the major reasons to collapse is Unfortunately for the select few hard on slabs (floors), columns and beams. The poor structural design/ errors in design the ears tenants, the structure’s headwinds Reinforced Concrete Frame is composite computation from the structural engineer. caught up with them and seconded the in nature in that it entails concrete and While on this, developers find it costly Government Inspector’s adage; to be reinforcement bars. Concrete is a mixture to pay consultancy fees to professionals forewarned is to be forearmed. which is weak in tension and strong in in the construction industry. This leads During the last few intervening years, compression. Concrete comprises of to them sourcing quack professionals there has been an almost consistent picture cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse who barely take into consideration in which a building collapses within the aggregate (ballast) which are carefully structural design parameters. With country. The rate at which the number mixed in appropriate portions using water time, the high-rise building will cave in is rising is alarming and it seems the country hit a tangent only best known to “Some contractors completely choose to ignore Mother Nature. Fortunately, the President H.E Uhuru Kenyatta commissioned instructions from the Structural Engineer and a compulsory structural audit for all design from the structural drawing.” buildings within Nairobi County when
10 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
OPINION
“Eventually during the weekly site meeting, eye stares will be exchanged when it turns out that the construction taking place is totally different.”
hands are greased and this causes them to turn a blind eye to the inefficiencies of the ongoing works. Some structures are doomed to fail as a result of poor workmanship. The labourers on site are untrained, unskilled and commit little or no time to learn. solely based on structural design. Some building will not settle while it is a storey Construction technology has changed contractors completely choose to ignore up, the results for failure of geotechnical over time. Unfortunately for the labourers, instructions from the Structural Engineer investigation will show at higher floor they cannot put up with the changes and design from the structural drawing. levels. The building will start settling and and therefore cave as the building caves; The ignorance leads to construction of a cracks will form along the joints which leaving most decisions to past experiences. drawing which was originally not on plan. eventually will lead to the collapse of the To the natural eye, the structure will just Failure to observe and follow details on structure. Whilst on the gear of rushing be out of plumb. To the design team, the plan will lead to the eventual collapse of the contractor to complete the works, structure will be an accident waiting to the building. the contractor will not put into practise happen. Naturally, concrete is known to get curing time for concrete. As the structure Communication breakdown from stronger over a period of time. Materials rises, the preceding suspended floors will the design team to the executing team that go into the preparation of concrete not withstand the loading subjected to on ground could lead to the case of have a specific standard that should be them from upper floors. Eventually, the labourers hearing one thing and executing met. Unfortunately, the suppliers provide slabs will collapse and the entire structure a different thing altogether. Eventually substandard/counterfeit materials within gradually. during the weekly site meeting, eye stares the market –to ignorant developers-; at a In a bid to make more money, the will be exchanged when it turns out that cheaper rate, which cannot hold together developers do not follow regulations set the construction taking place is totally over a period of time. This leads to the aside by the local authority in terms of different. With the rush decision of not reinforced concrete frame becoming weak zoning. Certain geographical locations are losing the money already spent on the as the materials wear off over a period of meant to have specific structures put up. works, the contractor will give himself time. Bypassing this regulation will impose the a go-ahead; whose results will be seen Developers often look at a construction ground to overloading which will lead to eventually. project from the angle of making profits. the eventual collapse of a building. Some One cannot rule out the possibility of Therefore, due to the impatience of developers fail to follow the plan that a building collapsing due to it exceeding following the tried and tested patience has been approved by the local authority its design life when mitigation measures of construction, they rush the contractor and go ahead to construct more number are not taken to sustain it longer. into completing the works. The contractor of floors. This leads to overloading the Lastly, natural calamities such as fails to carry out critical activities such structure which leads to its eventual landslides; heavy rains which lead to as geotechnical investigation before collapse. Moreover, government officials liquidation of soil could also lead to the proceeding with construction. Since the give leeway to some developers once their collapse of a building. Buildings are constructed on Mother Nature herself, in her soil. And when she groans, she tears buildings apart. The collapse of a building is a scar that that particular site will have to bear for a very long time. One publisher once wrote that the mistakes of an engineer can be seen while those of a doctor can be felt. It is upon us within the construction industry to strive to build to last
The writer is a Graduate Quantity Surveyor working in Nairobi.
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MANAGEMENT
PART TWO MANAGING THE “HEART” OF A FIRM By Seraphine Okemwa
n the first part of this write-up in the Centralization or decentralization ought however noteworthy that the longer this previous journal, we looked at 7 out to be implied in a firm’s organization chain is, the slower will be the process Iof the 14 Principles of Management culture, so that employees clearly know of decision making and positive change developed by Henry Fayol. In this current the demarcation between the decisions (where needful). This does not pose as journal Issue, we look at the remaining 7 they can make on behalf of the firm and a principle challenging to keep in most principles and how they apply in a typical those that management purely reserves firms by the virtue of the fact that most QS firm: the right to make, to avoid wrongful acts. quantity surveying firms are small. 1. Centralisation or “Social order is 3. Order: decentralization: This principle seek to address both social Whereas centralization seeks to achieve achieved through the and material order. Whereas social order absolute authority at the top level, ensures that the firm gets the most suitable decentralization seeks to increase the role management process person for the specific job, material of the subordinate in the firm’s decision of organization and order ensures safe, appropriate and making. Of course, depending on the size specific use and placement of resources of the firm either would be commendable. selection.” minimizing risk of waste and loss. To In an efficient system, both should have achieve material order, a firm should have systems and procedures in place for use an arena depending on what decision 2. Scalar chain: is to be made. Where a firm is running and management of these resources and under absolute centralization or absolute This refers to the number of levels on the train staff on their use and significance. decentralization, chances are high that it hierarchy from ultimate authority to the Social order is achieved through the may be difficult to come up with objective lowest level. Given that most firms have management process of organization decisions. Whereas the former may be relatively few employees, the hierarchy and selection. A firm should ensure that deemed as autocracy when taken to the at most would have two levels before for any job, it should seek to secure the extreme, the other may lead to anarchy. one consults the ultimate authority. It is most suitable person during staffing and
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MANAGEMENT selection. 4. Equity: In the operations of a firm, the requisite balance of kindness, fairness and justice must be achieved. Employees must be treated equitably and with kindness if they would be required to render loyalty to their work. There should be impartiality and indiscrimination regardless of age, sex, religion and relation. It is however important to acknowledge that at times employees may require some level of “force and harshness… for the sake of equity” as Fayol would put it. The level of devotion and commitment varies in a normal situation from employee to the next. Where due diligence is wanting, and all necessary provisions have been made to ensure successful execution of mandate, employers may feel obliged to prevail over such employees in order to “To enhance team spirit, employees should be realize the required or expected level of encouraged to develop reasonable informal performance. This however must be done within the provisions and the spirit of the relationships amongst themselves.” employment contract, code of ethics and other applicable standards and laws set to curve, are still serving the firm. Hence, should encourage them through money or protect employees. they are well motivated to pledge their non – money incentives. loyalty, increasing their productivity and 5. Stability of tenure: benefiting the firm. 7. Esprit de Corps: This refers to the period of service in any This refers to team spirit, as would typically job. Fayol notes that it is not a positive 6. Initiative: be expressed by members of a work group, aspect that employees move frequently This principle acknowledges that the inspiring them to work harder hence from one job to another. Similarly, he management should provide opportunity to delivering more. To instil team spirit, acknowledges that job security is a high its employees to suggest ideas, experiences Fayol advocates that employers should motivator to employees. A high rate of and new method of work. Today, this has guard against instituting competing employee turnover in a firm tells against been defined as “intrapreneurship”. This teams as this may work adversity and any firm and its reputation as well. Any practise of management communicates hence decrease their motivation to work person will feel safe to know that they are that the employer trusts the employees in the long run, especially on the side part of a team with members who have and values their opinions as well. While of the “losing team”. To enhance team worked with the firm for a considerable it helps develop confidence and loyalty spirit, employees should be encouraged to period of time. They feel less threatened within the employees, if the initiative develop reasonable informal relationships as they serve and will always hope for a is innovative and beneficial, it leads to amongst themselves. They should better future, when at the onset things the augmentation of a firm’s profit, as be motivated through team building are not favourable. This is motivated compared to if innovation was not allowed. activities and events and above all, they by the fact that their fellow employees However, to sustain energy and zeal of the should be rewarded for good performance. who started off just the same way and ambitious, innovative employee, the firm Those who do not achieve expected went through the phases of the learning performance, should as well be given a chance to improve by being allocated duties and being empowered through trainings, a way of motivating them to still participate in their respective teams. To effectively manage people, who at the beginning we identified as the heart of the organization all these principles should be upheld. For when employees are not managed appropriately, then performance is affected, affecting the general performance of the firm. This then makes us to correctly conclude that the heart of the problem is the problem of the heart
The writer is an Assistant Quantity Surveyor at Masterbill Integrated Projects Ltd.
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WORLD OF ENGINEERING
PART ONE BEYOND REINFORCED CONCRETE: SUPERIOR STRUCTURES WITH POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE By Roderick Obeja
Figure 1: Questworks PT Setup, Nanyuki
intend to write a trilogy on post- depths, water tight elements, crack-free tensioned (PT) concrete, with the first “Structural engineers, slabs, improved deflection control and Ipart dwelling on its history, principles, and those prepared for capacity under service loads, improved benefits and advantages; second part aesthetics due to optimised column sizes looking at PT in construction and design the built environment and locations, economical structural aspects; and third part dwelling on variety elements particularly in slabs and beams of application of PT and economics of briefly study pre- for spans beyond 7m. PT. All this is because where I work, we An in-depth understanding of the are immersed in design and construction stressed concrete.” design and analysis of post tensioning of PT structures, and we see its benefits in concrete structures, and quality in concrete, to provide additional structural and application daily, and it is necessary to construction materials and processes are strength in concrete structures. sing to tell stories of what we are doing so irreducible minimums in PT structures. In this trilogy, post tensioned concrete that we all can be happy. If PT is adopted more in design and is discussed as an effective and economical Concrete has a higher compressive construction in East Africa, superior solution for high-rise structures for strength compared to steel, whereas steel concrete structures, significant cost floor construction, in comparison with has a higher tensile strength compared to savings, aesthetically more agreeable reinforced concrete structures, inherently concrete. Pre-stressed concrete, of which structures will be realised, as has been making it superior to reinforced concrete. post-tensioning is a part, uniquely utilises achieved the world over. Structural The superior advantages provided by PT the inherent compressive strength in engineers, and those prepared for the built include: longer spans, reduced structural
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structures are more serviceable as a result of PT application. The first post tensioned building in East Africa is in Nairobi. This is the Sir Thomas More building at Strathmore University, completed in 2016. The region has seen several pre-stressed concrete solutions applied mainly on bridges and civil structures, but rarely on buildings. Many practicing structural engineers receive a very basic and cursory education in pre-stressed concrete, and hence will lean towards reinforced concrete for all Figure 2: Stressing Principle structural challenges, instead of applying environment briefly study pre-stressed pre-stressed concrete because in many concrete. It is not enough to know about ways, it is a very innovative structural these benefits, we need to actually design solution. In addition, the construction and build using these solutions we know precision required in PT construction is about, and we can, if we want to. Through yet to be achieved in the local construction this trilogy, design and analysis principles industry. PT design and construction are in post tensioning, practical aspects of PT an opportunity for firms which are keen to deliver quality and economy to clients and construction, and economics possible for Figure 4: PT Principle ordinary reinforced concrete structures developers. It is time we came of age and compared to their counterpart post braver as engineers and other consultants some water tanks, dams in East Africa. tensioned structures are presented. to deliver economically, reaping from The first post tensioned building in East existing, sound and innovative structural Africa is the Strathmore University Sir 1.0 Introduction engineering applications. Thomas More Building in Nairobi, where Post Tensioned (PT) construction the suspended floor slabs are constructed has a decisive technical and economic 2.0 Brief history exclusively using post tensioned concrete, advantage over its counterpart and more A patent for pre-stressed material was with both design and construction done traditional, Reinforced Concrete (RC). taken out in California in 1886, but by a single regional company, born, bred PT concrete is an innovative use of it was only in the late 1940s that pre- and buttered in Kenya, with activities complementary materials: concrete and stressed concrete really began to develop. in the region. Today, the entire world high tensile steel. When steel is used to The shortage of steel in Europe after has used some form of pre stressing in pre-compress the concrete, an advantage the Second World War opened the way concrete construction, and it is hoped that is introduced because concrete has a high for use of pre-stressed concrete in the pre-stressed concrete will gather the moss compressive strength, which compensates period of reconstruction that followed the on the African continent. South Africa for its low tensile strength (10% of its war. Eugene Freyssinet, a Frenchman, is leads all of Africa in the use of PT. Can compressive strength). The combination respectfully regarded as the ‘father’ of pre- we not catch up as a region? What are we presents a structural element with superior stressed concrete. After much research afraid of? Do we not know and can we not tensile and compressive force resistance throughout the early twentieth century, apply this innovative structural solution? properties. The surprising significant cost he managed to secure his first patent in Yes we can! savings due to a myriad of factors which 1928 and thus secured his theory of pre- will be discussed in this trilogy, do not stressing. His first publication on the “In pre-stressed compromise on functionality, integrity, subject was precisely entitled “A Revolution elegance, or durability. It fact, often times, in the Art of Building”. When Eugene concrete, the developed and patented this technique compressive stresses of pre-stressing concrete, he little realised the applications to which his invention introduced into areas would be put in future years. Spectacular growth in the use of pre-stressed concrete where tensile stresses took place after the Second World War in develop under load will Europe to repair and reconstruct bridges. It is now a widely used and accepted Civil resist or annul these Engineering construction material. The first post tensioned buildings were erected tensile stresses.” in the USA in the middle of the twentieth century using un-bonded post tensioning, 3.0 Principles some post tensioned structures were built Pre-stressed concrete is simply pre- in Europe quite early but the widespread compressed concrete. A compressive stress and real development took place in is applied into a concrete member before Australia and the USA. it begins its working life and is positioned Pre-stressed construction has been in areas where tensile stresses will develop Figure 3: PT Principle used in mostly on precast bridges and under working load. We are concerned
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WORLD OF ENGINEERING
the steel passed through thereafter. Post tensioned concrete can be bonded or un- “In fact, the higher bonded, both with critical differences and the compressive force, advantages. Bonded PT occurs where the concrete has a bond with the post the more bricks can be tensioned steel member through a cement grout between the PT steel and the supported, even more concrete, while un-bonded PT is where a bricks can be placed on sheath exists between the concrete and the PT steel. top of the horizontal Since post tensioning is more versatile than pre-tensioning and makes more stack.” efficient use of the pre-stressing forces, Figure 5: PT Strands with less losses, ability to curve the PT flexibility of use for the structure and about tensile stresses because although cables upwards at the supports thus resulting in higher rental incomes. concrete is strong in compression, it increasing shear resistance, this shall be b. PT has a favourable influence upon is weak in tension. Steel is strong in the basis of this article. deflections of slabs under service tension, and weak in compression. In pre- The benefits of post tensioned concrete loads compared to RC. Undesirable stressed concrete, the compressive stresses include: deflections under service loads can be introduced into areas where tensile virtually eliminated, and deflection stresses develop under load will resist or • Designers have the opportunity to capacities are increased for significant annul these tensile stresses. The concrete impart internal forces to the concrete spans will then behave as if it had a high tensile structure to counteract and balance c. The total cost of materials, labour strength of its own and, provided the loads sustained by the structure and and formwork required to construct a tensile stresses do not exceed the pre- thus enable optimization in design floor is reduced for spans greater than compression stresses, cracking cannot • The advantages of utilising the 7 metres, hence providing superior occur at regions of high tensile stresses. advantage of the compressive strength economy. In daily life, the fundamental principle of concrete while circumventing its d. For the same imposed load, thinner of pre-stressing is applied by a person inherent weakness in tension are slabs can be used, allowing additional moving several books, perhaps in a library, ingenious building heights for the same by hand. As an alternative to stacking • Post tensioned concrete combines maximum building height with them vertically, one on top of another and and optimises current very high resultant savings in façade costs. For supporting them underneath, they can be strength concrete and steel to result taller buildings, it allows for more lifted and moved in a horizontal stack, by in a practical and efficient structural floors to be constructed within the exerting pressure (through a compressive system. original building envelope. force) with a hand on each end. In fact, e. PT slabs are virtually water proof, the higher the compressive force, the more PT concrete slabs have varied depending on good and careful design, bricks can be supported, even more bricks pros over the reinforced concrete slab detailing and construction. can be placed on top of the horizontal counterpart and other structural systems f. PT floor slab construction is faster, stack. This is simply the principle of pre- for both single and multi-level structures: with earlier stripping of formwork, stressed concrete. reduced back propping requirements, The American Concrete Institute a. Longer spans can be used hence enabling faster construction cycles and describes pre-stressed concrete as reducing the number of columns, quick re-use of formwork “concrete in which there have been resulting in larger, column free floor g. Post tensioned floor construction introduced internal forces of such areas hence greatly increasing the requires less material handling, and magnitude and distribution that the forces benefits on-site carnage requirements. resulting from the given external loadings The strength of post tensioning are counteracted to a desirable degree”. strands is approximately four times Two methods exist where pre-stressed that of conventional reinforcement, concrete is applied: pre-tensioning hence reducing the total weight of and post tensioning. Pre-tensioning as reinforcing material the word implies, is where the steel is h. Reduced floor dead loads are greatly tensioned between abutments and then beneficial for columns and foundations concrete is placed in forms around it. with reduced column and foundation When the concrete has achieved sufficient sizes and requirements. With reduced compressive strength, the steel is released columns, the net floor area available from the abutments, transferring the force for rent is increased to the concrete through the bind that now exists between the steel and the concrete. Roderick Obeja is a civil engineering graduate In post tensioning, the concrete is cast member of the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers. He works with Questworks Limited, first in forms, allowed to set, before the www.questworks.co.ke, an Engineering, pre-stress is applied. The steel is usually Procurement and Construction firm focused on placed in position in a predetermined turn-key delivery of real estate and renewable energy profile, and concrete cast thereafter, or projects. Questworks is engaged in the design and ducts can be created in the concrete, and construction of post tensioned concrete structures
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OPINION ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF THE FUTURE QUANTITY SURVEYOR By Ernest Nyakundi
as the “Four Cs.” These are: Creativity, The Quantity Surveyor has always Communication, Collaboration and worked in teams, and will continue doing Critical Thinking. The beauty of these four so. Construction projects are too big is that they cut across the specialties and to be handled by any single individual. sometimes end up being more important Even then, he/she, the professional, will than the specialty itself. A Quantity have to work with masons, plumbers and Surveyor who cannot communicate is all other persons with specialties that he better not used for any project. In similar has not. The future Quantity Surveyor, fashion, think of an Architect who is not may end up working with more than just creative; I don’t even think there can be architects and engineers as is the norm. such. A Construction Manager who lacks He may end up working with software he year is 2002, two years since the collaboration skills; basically this one programmers to create the next Quantity turn of the 21st Century. In the cannot team up with other professionals Surveying software, or with lawyers to TUnited States of America, a need and players in the industry. Therefore, better develop construction law and arises. The Fourth Industrial Revolution these skills, trivial as they may seem, mechanisms for dispute resolution in presents new challenges, one of which should not be underestimated. They make the Construction Industry. The Internet has sparked immense interest from a very big difference. Quantity Surveyors, of things has made the boundaries that the members of the national business particularly those currently in training, existed between the disciplines fade away. community, education leaders, and have to nurture these skills so as to stay This has made collaboration to be a key policymakers. In the century before this, relevant. skill for the future professionals; including man has achieved tremendous feats. Creativity, according to Stein (1953), the Quantity Surveyor. He can communicate with his fellow is “a novel work that is accepted as tenable In ordinary living, people will always men on the other side of the planet, get or useful or satisfying by a group in some anticipate certain outcomes, with a any information he needs by the click point in time.” Being creative, in layman preference for the desirable ones of course. of a button, and, needless to say, he has terms, means solving a problem in a new The use of cognitive skills and strategies ventured into space. So robust is his way. The future Quantity Surveyor, will to increase the probability of achieving venture into space that he has mounted a have to be able to come up with new a particular outcome is what Halpern in flag on the moon and left his footsteps on solutions for the ever changing challenges her text “Thought and Knowledge: An it. But now he faces a challenge. of the profession. Creativity is and will Introduction to Critical Thinking (1985)”, Apple Computer, Dell Computer always be manifest in Quantity Surveying. defined as critical thinking. She also notes Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, From small things, such as how a given that this thinking should be “purposeful, Cisco Systems Inc., AOL Time Warner firm formats its Bills of Quantities to reasoned and goal-directed.” The future Foundation among others quickly convene how they handle massive projects, there Quantity Surveyor, the relevant one, is and form a coalition that establishes a will always be a degree of novelty in their one who will have nurtured the skill of non-profit organization – The Partnership works. Creativity is what gives this given critical thinking, and be able to utilize it for 21st Century Skills (P21). Its mission firm a competitive advantage over others to get favourable outcomes for his clients, – to identify the most important skills in the similar industry. That, in itself, his fellow team members in the industry required in the 21st Century. underlines the importance of creativity. and his employees and associates. 2010, eight years later, The American Communication, be it oral, written The Four Cs are little things; little Management Association’s “AMA 2010 or non-verbal, is a very vital skill. The QS things that make a big difference. Imagine Critical Skills Survey” finds “that an of the future has to have a fine mastery a Quantity Surveyor; one who constantly overwhelming number of respondents of communication skills; his ability to comes up with new solutions for new believe that these 21st century skills are pass along or give information has to be challenges (a creative mind); one who important to their organizations today impeccable. Astonishingly, this is the effectively receives information and and will become even more important in most underestimated skill of the four passes it on to his fellow team members the future.” Cs. The ability to communicate seems so in similar fashion (a good communicator); The findings of P21 have been adopted elementary that everyone, even those who one who can easily team up with other and implemented into the curricula of haven’t honed their communication skills, professionals for the right cause (a good schools, school districts, and professional believe they are masters at it. This belief, collaborator); and finally, one who can, development program. perhaps, is the main reason why very few through his cognitive skills, strategize and What were their findings? Why graduates can write a cover letter that is achieve a given positive outcome (a good should Quantity Surveyors be interested devoid of grammatical errors. If you are critical thinker). Now imagine being on in this? one who has the ability to receive relevant the same project with him. Wonderful, P21 identified skills that they information, decode it and relay it in the isn’t it? This Quantity Surveyor could be concluded are “the four most important right manner to the right people, all these you; with a little effort. Practice! skills required in the 21st Century”. These within the right setting and at the right have come to be known as “The Four time, the best is yet to come. The writer is a Third Year Bachelor of Quantity Cs of 21st Century Learning” or simply Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.
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STUDENT CORNER THE IQSK JOINT STUDENTS’ COUNCIL
The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya is fully committed in its service to student members and helping them find their footing in the profession. This commitment is what led to the formation of the IQSK Joint Students Council ( JSC) under the Membership and Training Committee in the Institute. The Joint Students Council is a body that brings together student representatives from all universities that offer training in Quantity Surveying. These are: the University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology and Technical University of Kenya. The main functions of the JSC include: ensuring student members of IQSK are well represented in the Institute, ensuring students are involved in decisions which affect them, working hand-in-hand with the Membership and Training Committee to organize student activities and coming up with proposals meant to benefit student members of IQSK. With the JSC in place, student members of IQSK can expect increased activities and closer involvement with the Institute.
Ernest Nyakundi, Chairman – Joint Students Council.
Student Bodies in the Various Universities
1. University of Nairobi
Quantity Surveying Students at the University of Nairobi subscribe to the Construction and Real Estate Students Association (CRESA). CRESA’s mission is “to ensure that members become well nurtured professionals with a vast knowledge of the Construction and Real Estate Industry.” Its vision is “to become the most vibrant and inclusive students’ association on the African Continent.” CRESA has over the years worked very closely with IQSK to ensure that Quantity Surveying students are well taken care of.
Ernest Nyakundi, Quantity Surveying Chairman – CRESA.
2. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Quantity Surveying Students at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology subscribe to the Interactive Construction Management Students Organization (ICOMSO). Its mission is to “enhance and promote leadership, excellence, interaction, cohesion and networking among student as well as our alumni in the built environment exposing them to the dynamics of the professional field and industry at large.” Its vision is, “to lead in the interaction among students and professional practitioners as well as acceptance of building sciences as a discipline that adds significant value to the entire industry.”
Frank Mwangi, Chairman – ICOMSO.
3. The Technical University of Kenya
Quantity Surveying Students at the Technical University of Kenya subscribe to the Construction Students Association (CSA). The main objective of the Association is “to expose the students to the construction industry hence enhancing their class knowledge.” This is done through collaborating with key players in the construction industry.
Charles Dickens, Chairman – CSA.
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STUDENT CORNER CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE By Faith Tangara
s a fast-moving industry, the construction sector faces new “Sparked by the emerging fear of climate change Achallenges every year in a bid two decades ago, construction has changed to expand and experience widespread success. The construction industry needs dramatically to better cater for environmental to experience a robust growth rate, an increase and improvement in innovation, needs.” sustainability, economic growth and fear of climate change two decades ago, encroaching upon the countryside, suburbs leadership in the years to come. construction has changed dramatically to and rural orbital spaces surrounding our However, it is important to look at better cater for environmental needs. From cities, but we can’t allow these resources to the possible future threats could still be in the initial conception and architecture be consumed entirely. It’s important that store for construction firms. of energy-recovery buildings through to the construction industry is allowed to Increased expenses the growing use of eco-friendly materials, expand without rural areas having to pay these changes are likely to increase further the price. If there’s one thing we can be certain of in future, particularly as ever-dwindling happening in the future, it’s that inflation supplies of non-renewable resources are Compliance will continue to drive prices higher likely to present compelling cost-and- Governments and lawmakers impose and higher. The changing shape of the supply arguments in favour of ‘greener’ industry legislation for a reason, but it’s financial sector may well have an impact alternatives. sometimes difficult to see past the red tape on the availability of credit in the future, as a construction firm. Industry legislation which could lead to an increased reliance Population growth is a major driver for change in a number of on alternative lenders and cash reserves. Population expansion is an issue set to different sectors. With safety engineering, As companies’ overheads are likely to affect us all, including the construction employee rights and numerous other increase over the years, with rent, wages sector. Population growth will put business management practices affected, and the cost of manufacturing materials increased strain on the world’s resources, construction companies can often find conspiring to create significant expenses with physical space representing one of the red tape constrictive and counter- for your firm to overcome, accurate the most precious resources on the planet. intuitive. It is fully expected the challenge accounting and job costing is likely to It’s up to architects and construction of keeping pace and remaining compliant prove crucial. workers to figure out how to use urban with government legislature to continue spaces more efficiently and effectively, Environmental issues unabated in future. These issues and accommodating more and more people in many others are more than likely to cause One of the key measurable ambitions comfort without depleting resources too imminent concern amongst construction and thus expected to be met by both drastically. firms in the years to come. government and industry is a 50% Urban sprawl reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in Having highlighted this, it is only wise to the built environment. It is understandably While it’s important that we make the prepare for the challenges of the future difficult to work in an industry with most of what little space we have available today a focus on changing horizons and to us, we can’t do so at the expense of landscapes without casting a thought to green spaces and our nation’s natural The writer is a Second Year Bachelor of Quantity the environment. Sparked by the emerging resources. Urban sprawl has been gradually Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.
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PICTORIAL
CSR TREE-PLANTING ACTIVITY AT KEREITA FOREST ON 26TH MAY, 2018
On May 26, 2018, the IQSK fraternity led by the newly elected Chairman, Qs. P. Kariuki and the outgoing Chairman, Qs. A Mandere planted over 3,000 trees in Kereita forest, Limuru as part of their plan to plant 30,000 trees which is to be spread over a period of time.
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ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD AT SAROVA-PANAFRIC HOTEL ON 24TH MAY, 2018
Members registers for the AGM Qs. Mutinda( Hon. Secretary) addresses members
The Works Secretary, QS. Okweto and Qs. Gladys Wahome Members during the proceeding of the AGM
Members during the proceeding of the AGM Immediate Past Chairman addresses Members
The launch of the IQSK 2018 -2022 strategic Plan. Qs. Gaitho raises a point
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Qs. James Munene (the outgoing Hon. Treasurer) takes members through the Financial reports Members follow the proceedings
Qs. Litiku and Prof. Gichunge, the Scruitners during Some of the incoming council members(from left to right) Qs. Andrew the election of the office bearers year 2018 – 2020 Mbuku, Qs. Joel Gichimu, Qs. Gladys Wahome and Qs. Adeline Dindi
Qs. Peter S. Kariuki(the incoming Chairman) addresses members Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail
Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail
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INDUSTRIAL VISIT TO SHEFFIELD STEEL SYSTEMS
STAFF & COUNCIL RETREAT HELD AT MAANZONI LODGE ON 22/23RD JUNE, 2018
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CAREER TALK AT UTHIRU GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL ON 23RD MAY, 2018
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THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA
PART FIVE THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTING IN KENYA By QS Barrack Obaga
n the early days the colonial government in Kenya utilized the services of “Like today, a contractor was expected to “furnish Icontractors in its projects. Usually, the proof of his ability to undertake the volume of work government, through its Public Works Department (PWD), used to issue he applies for, with efficiency and despatch.” general notices to building contractors. One such general notice was given on notice, contractors who were interested applications. Any contractor who was January 18, 1921. Through this notice, the in carrying out the projects were required considered unsuitable would be “struck PWD anticipated that there would be “a to write a letter to the department. The off the list and tenders from them will large amount of building work…in many submitted applications would then be not be invited unless and until they are parts of the country, including the Coast, grouped in terms of the district of the reinstated.” Highlands and Lake Districts.” applicants and by the class of work The PWD was also involved in As early as the 1920’s, contracts were applied for. Whenever construction works inviting tenders for the supply of building based on “lump sum competitive tenders would emerge in the course of the year, materials. Some of the materials that were prepared from drawings, specifications the Public Works Department would required for the projects included sand, and bills of quantities.” The contracts invite suitable contractors based on two seasoned timber and roofing tiles. sought by the colonial government metrics: location and class of the project. covered areas such as the erection of new In addition to the contractor indicating The Group Hospital buildings, painting works, maintenance their location and class of work, the The government of the day was involved of existing buildings and roads, and “value of building work he will be able to in a number of projects. Of particular construction of new roads and bridges. undertake per annum” was also required. interest were the hospitals. In the 1930s, Later on, in 1935, the PWD introduced Like today, a contractor was expected to the government was committed to setting plumbing, sanitation and electrical works. “furnish proof of his ability to undertake up mixed-race institutions. On May The general notice issued at the start of the volume of work he applies for, with 18, 1936, it was documented that the the year 1921 was issued by the Director efficiency and despatch.” Government Architect and a medical of PWD, W. McGregor Ross. In the The PWD would review the officer had been “examining in South
26 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA
Africa designs of hospitals for mixed with the local contractors. In his view, he races…and it is hoped that the designs of “During the assessment felt that this would have led to a cut in the new hospital will be thoroughly up- of the designs, they their rates and profits. The management to-date.” of the Kenya Uganda Railway failed to The result of the assignment was a settled on a “very good have a successful discussion with the proposal for a hospital complex called The lowest bidder and, in turn, they went to Group Hospital. It was meant to cater design from an architect the lowest bidder. The principals of this for Africans, Indians and Europeans in in South Africa.” contracting company cited “difficulties separate wards. It was to have the state with regard to Nairobi stone” and they of the art medical equipment and staff. proposed different alternative methods of Africans. Under his leadership, architects However, the plans would collapse in 1935 construction. were invited to submit their designs for due to lack of funds. Prior to the collapse, Ultimately, Felling said, the the offices. During the assessment of the Legislative Council (LEGCO) had, contracting company “were trying to avoid the designs, they settled on a “very good in fact, set aside 78,500 pounds for the signing the contract” due to the challenges design from an architect in South Africa.” hospital. of shipping artisans from South Africa. The costs for the project were made under Around this time, 2,400 pounds There were serious shortfall in the labour the supervision of the South African had been allocated by the government required. The South Africans would also architect. Thereafter, builders from Kenya to the Mathari Mental Hospital. Until have had challenges providing, among and South Africa were invited. September 16, 1924, this facility was other things, housing for their personnel. As part of the tendering process, referred to as Mathari Lunatic Asylum. The South Africans also would have had Mr Felling visited various building Christine Nicholls in Red Strangers says to contend with the challenges posed by contractors in Johannesburg and Cape that the asylum housed “white inmates… the growing trade union movement in Town. During the visits and meetings who reached rock bottom because of Kenya that would have made it difficult with the South African contractors, Mr alcoholism.” for them to carry out the construction. Felling “explained to them the conditions This was one of the earliest instances of this country (Kenya Colony).” He The South Africans and the where the government of Kenya attempted further encouraged them to “take interest Railway Project to attract foreign contractors and it failed in the building programme” in the colony. to take off In 1926, the colonial government in When the tenders for this project were Kenya had plans to set up new railway returned, the leading contractors in South The writer is a Quantity Surveyor at Tandem & offices. They sent Mr Felling, the then Africa did not participate. According to Mr Stark. While not working on QS matters, he blogs at General Manager of the Kenya Uganda Felling, the idea of using South Africans BuildingKE. Talk with him at barrack@building. Railway, to confer with the South in Kenya would have created competition co.ke.
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 27 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA CONTRACTORS’ AVERAGE ALL-IN RATES AND COSTS PER SQUARE METRE JUNE 2018
1. The prices hereinunder are the average prices in the cosmopolitan cities of Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu and should be adjusted with reference to the specific site conditions. 2. Prices in remote areas of Kenya are generally higher. 3. The general prices are based on rates obtained from a survey carried out using tendered rates from select quantity surveying firms and construction companies. 4. A developer should consult a Quantity Surveyor for applicable rates in estimating for a particular project due to various site conditions that influence construction rates. 5. While reasonable care has been taken to ensure the information published in herein is accurate and current, the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher accept no responsibility for the completeness, accuracy or reliability of the data. The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher also accept no responsibility for any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost or liability whatsoever arising in respect of, or in connection with, using or reliance upon the data in this journal.
DECEMBER 2017 (VAT INCLUSIVE)
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs. EARTHWORKS
Excavations Site clearance SM 75 75 60 Excavate over site (150 mm deep) SM 100 100 80 Bulk excavations (manual) CM 300 230 250 Fillings 50 mm sand filling (blinding) SM 115 120 130 50 mm quarry dust blinding to hardcore SM 100 120 150 Hardcore filling under floor slabs CM 1,700 1,400 1,400 CONCRETE (IN-SITU)
Mass concrete (Foundations & external works) Concrete 1:4:8 (Class x ) CM 8,350 8,335 8,750 100mm thick surface bed ditto SM 1,043 1,050 1,050 Vibrated Reinforced concrete (Substructure & Superstructures) Concrete 1:2:4 (class 20/20) CM 12,800 13,500 13,500 Concrete 1:1:2 (class 30/20) CM 16,250 18,000 18,000 HOLLOW POTS Clay hollow pots in suspended slabs 300 x 250 x 125 mm thick clay blocks SM 3,325 3,300 3,300 200 mm Thick ditto SM 2,600 2,700 2,700 Concrete hollow pots in suspended slabs (Ribs 125 mm) 375 x 225 x 150 mm Thick concrete blocks SM 3,617 3,600 3,600 300 mm Thick ditto SM 3,550 3,800 3,800 EXPANSION JOINT 12 mm Flexcell expansion SM 640 500 500 25 x 25 mm sealer LM 300 300 300 Expansion strips 300 300 100 mm wide LM 300 200 200 50 mm wide LM 200
28 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs. FORMWORK
Sawn formwork to:- Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 540 550 585 Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 550 590 600 Marine ply formwork to :- Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 600 620 600 Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 800 800 800 Curved sides of columns and beams to various radii SM 800 820 800 REINFORCEMENT
Mild Steel reinforcement - square twisted high tensile bars 8 mm Diameter KG 153 155 165 10 mm Ditto KG 153 155 165 12 mm Ditto KG 155 148 158 Fabric mesh reinforcement type A to B.S.1483 (Roll sizes 48 x 2.4 M) B.R.C mesh type A142 SM 385 320 360 Ditto A65 SM 360 300 350 WALLING
Natural quarry stone walling Juja (“Ndarugu”) machine dressed stone walling 100 mm Thick SM 1,483 1,700 1,900 150 mm Ditto SM 1,583 1,800 2,000 Njiru or Nairobi Blue “special” stone walling 100 mm Thick SM 1,933 1,950 2,250 150 mm Ditto SM 2,083 2,050 2,550 E.O. 225 mm Natural Stone Walling for: Raking Cutting LM 100 130 150 Fair Curved cutting LM 140 210 230 Concrete Blocks Solid concrete block walling 100 mm Thick SM 1,525 1,800 1,850 150 mm Ditto SM 1,833 2,050 2,100 Hollow concrete block walling 100 mm Thick SM 1,530 1,700 1,700 150 mm Ditto SM 1,550 1,800 1,800 Brickwork 100 mm Bricks Partition(walling) SM 1,125 1,500 1,300 150 mm Ditto SM 1,300 1,600 1,500 200 mm Ditto SM 1,650 1,700 1,700 Partitions 50mm Stramit plain board SM 2,400 3,600 2,900 Ditto but covered with vinyl clothing SM 2,500 3,700 3,000 WATERPROOFING
3 ply Hessian based bituminous damp proof course :- 100 mm Felt DPC LM 95 160 150 150 mm Ditto LM 130 220 200
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 29 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.
Polythene sheet damp proofing 500 gauge white sheet SM 258 115 100 1000 gauge black sheet SM 430 130 110 Basement and flat roofs waterproofing Basement waterproofing SM 2,000 2,300 2,200 20 mm Thick mastic asphalt tanking to walls SM 2,500 3,000 2,500 Concrete Protection and Waterproofing Integral capillary system water proofing to concrete surfaces (1Kg per SM) SM 1,251 1,400 1,165 Ditto to masonry SM 1,251 1,400 1,165 Vandex Waterproofing Vandex Basement Waterproofing SM 2,300 2,500 2,400 Admixtures Mega Add WL3 capillary waterproofing admixture SM 2,300 - - Penetron Admix SM 2,100 - - Waterproofing to roofs APP waterproofing SM 1,250 - - ROOF COVERINGS
Concrete roofing tiles including timber battens Double roman low pitch over 22.50 (red color) tiles SM 1,891 1,858 2,050 Ridge tile to match LM 417 434 450 Clay roofing tiles including timber battens Ridge tile to match LM 488 467 510 Interlocking clay tiles size 400 x 250 x 50 mm at 3.1 Kg/Unit SM 1,827 1,827 1,827 Sheet roofing Resincot, IT5 gauge 26 roofing tiles SM 2,265 2,327 2,540 Ditto gauge 24 SM 2,579 2,519 2,930 Standard ridge gauge 26 LM 645 632 600 Roof Insulation 2 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 409 414 450 5 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 494 494 550 Pre-painted G. I & Aluzinc Metal Roofing N.C 11/3” Corrugated sheets and BP760 Boxed profiled sheets (Effective 762 mm wide 24 G SM 1,498 1,498 1,700 26 G SM 1,200 1,200 300 Versatile roof sheets, 1020mm overall; 925mm effective width 26 Gauge SM 2,471 2,496 2,150 28 Gauge SM 1,706 1,731 1,200 Plain sheets - 960mm wide 22 Gauge SM 1,374 1,374 1,700 24 Gauge SM 1,208 1,208 1,600 Mini-currugation - MC 699 30 Gauge SM 502 512 450 Unpaited GI sheet roofing 875mm x 11/3” Corrugation Sheets (Effective 762 mm wide) 24 G SM 1,679 1,679 1,750 26 G SM 1,311 1,321 1,400
30 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs. TIMBER DOORS
Flush timber doors 50 mm thick semi-solid cored flush door size 900 x 2000mm with lipping NO 5,010 5,400 5,600 Ditto mahogany veneered both sides NO 6,377 6,700 7,450 Panelled hardwood doors 50 mm thick mahogany door size 900 x 2000 mm NO 24,000 23,250 25,500 Ditto mvule door leaf NO 31,279 26,175 29,175 Ditto podo NO 19,500 20,000 22,000 50 mm thick Wrot cypress match boarded door size 900 x 2100 mm 25mm T & G facing, 50 x 100 mm framing (stiles & rails ) all round, 25 x 100 mm braces & middle rail NO 7,025 8,050 8,500 Framed, ledged and braced door size 900 x 2100 (cypress) NO 7,813 8,200 9,000 Door frames Cypress door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 700 648 800 Ditto 150 x 50 mm LM 852 703 760 Hardwood door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 1,260 1,593 1,800
IRONMONGERY Aluminium 100mm pressed steel butt hinges PR 505 505 561 3- Lever mortice lock NO 2,820 2,440 3,045 2- Lever mortice lock NO 1,972 2,244 2,246 Brassware Window stay/fastener NO 420 420 475 Door level handle set NO 2,420 2,420 2,769 Tower bolt 100 mm long NO 441 441 492 CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
Sawn cypress 100 x 75 mm wall plate LM 705 - - 100 x 50 mm wall plate LM 460 - - Hardwood door frames 100 x 50 mm rebated wrot mahogany door frame with rounded edges LM 785 - - Ditto 150x50mm LM 1,165 - - GLASS & GLAZING TO METAL WITH PUTTY
6 mm One way tinted & toughened glass SM 7,433 9,500 10,250 6 mm Thick perplex roofing glass SM 6,025 6,000 6,600 Scotch paper (tape) Scotch-tinted sun control film SM 2,250 2,450 2,550 Clear sheet Glass 3 mm thick glass in panes 0.50 -1.00 M2 SM 785 850 925 4 mm thick ditto SM 1,083 1,100 1,183 Obscure sheet Glass 4 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Delta Clear SM 1,493 1,500 1,650 5 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Maya Clear SM 1,836 2,130 2,175 Mirrors 4 mm clear mirror SM 1,710 1,915 1,950 5 mm polished plate glass mirror SM 2,550 2,550 2,600
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 31 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs. METAL WORK
Galvanized steel casements Windows 600 x 600 mm with one top hang light NO 2,270 2,160 2,340 600 x 900 mm with one top hang and one fixed light NO 3,355 3,240 3,510 Burglarproofing Grilles 600 x 600 mm, Y16 square bars NO 1,380 1,620 1,900 Aluminum windows and doors Aluminum sliding windows glazed with 6mm clear glass (2200*210mm) SM 13,250 7,000 9,000 Fixed aluminum windows ditto SM 12,750 6,900 9,500 Aluminum doors glazed with 6mm clear glass (900*2500mm) SM 11,970 11,100 12,500 Heavy duty Bronze & Natural Anodized Aluminum windows frames (Glass & ironmongery M/S) 1500 X1200 mm window with 3 sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780 Ditto with two sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780 1500 x 600 mm window with two end top hang and one middle fixed panels NO 10,500 6,120 6,390 NB three options exist - Heavy: Medium: Light duty & cost ratio of 2.7:1.9: 1.0 respectively STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS
Cold rolled structural steel tubes 16 mm dia x 1.5 mm thick (0.54kg/m) LM 148 230 196 20 mm dia x 115 mm thick (0.75kg/m) LM 204 260 215 Zed purlins - sold in 6m lengths - 100 x 50 mm x 2 mm Thick (14 gauge) LM 848 1,180 900 112.5 x 50 x 2 mm Thick ditto LM 915 1,250 985 Mild steel T-sections 20 x 20 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320 25 x 25 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320 Mild steel plates (8’x 6’) 4.5 mm Thick SM 8,510 6,200 6,500 8 mm Thick SM 15,105 8,200 8,500 WALL, CEILING AND FLOOR FINISHES
Wall finishes Plaster and render 12 mm cement and sand render SM 375 541 412 20 mm washed terrazzo to walls SM 2,600 2,700 2,675 Wall tiles 330 x 250 x 6 mm White glazed wall tiles SM 1,653 1,600 1,700 600 x 600 x 8 mm Thick colored granito wall tiles SM 3,524 4,646 4,250 Ceiling finishes Plaster 15 mm thick two coat cement lime sand (1 :4) plaster SM 400 400 375 12 mm thick celotex soft board Imported soft board SM 1,217 1,200 900 Cornice 12 x 100 mm celotex cornice LM 250 100 300 25 mm thick T & G ceiling LM 1,050 300 25 mm Thick T & G ceiling 25 mm T & G cypress boarding prime grade SM 2,483 2,400 1,850
32 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.
Floor finishes Concrete floor tiles 19 mm Precast concrete floor tiles (Plain) SM 1,500 1,500 1,600 300 x 600 x 10 mm Thick granite tiles - Traditional colors SM 20,000 20,000 21,000 Granolithic paving 38 mm thick (24mm C & S backing & 15rnm thick grano layer) SM 2,000 - - 20 x 100 mm Skirting LM 200 - - PAINTING & DECORATION
First quality paint 3 Coats super gloss oil paint to walls SM 350 300 300 3 Coats polyurethane clear vanish to timber surfaces SM 375 400 400 KITCHEN & WARDROBE CABINETS
Kitchen Cabinet Carcass - produced from 16mm or 18mm white particleboard, 3mm white backer & standard furniture fittings (including installation, excluding counter tops & appliances) Wall unit dimensions = 720mm high x 300mm depth and varying lengths (LM) Base units dimensions = 720mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth) Tall base unit dimensions = 2070mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth) Melamine faced particleboard door frontal with carcass: Wall units LM 19,000 20,000 20,000 Base units LM 23,000 24,000 24,000 Tall units LM 44,000 46,000 46,000 Painted MDF door frontal with carcass: Wall units LM 22,000 23,000 23,000 Base units LM 25,000 26,000 26,000 Tall units LM 47,000 49,000 49,000 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Consumer Units Havells consumer unit 4 way 100A isolator NO 2,810 Isolators for Consumer unit/Distribution board Havells isolator Double Pole 100A NO 2,832 Distribution board Havells distribution board TPN 125A 4 way NO 13,317 8 Way Ditto NO 15,550 Miniature circuit breakers- MCB’S Single phase Havells MCB SP 0.5A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 585 1-4A Ditto NO 535 Double phase Havells MCB DP16,20,32,63A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 1,520 Three phase MCB’S Havells MCB TP 6,1O,16,20,32A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 2,163 40 & 50A Ditto NO 2,847 MCCB’S Havells MCCB 3P GN Frame 63 &100A Breaking capacity 16KA NO 12,900 125A Ditto NO 11,675
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 33 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.
Electric cables P.V.C insulated 450/750 V - Single core 6491X 1.0 mm2 LM 25 1.5 mm2 LM 36 P.V.C insulated and sheathed 600/1000 V - Single core 6181Y 1.0 mm2 LM 28 1.5 mm2 LM 38 2.5 mm2 LM 69 Armoured Cables Armored cables 600/1000 V - 2 Core 6942X 1.5 mm2 LM 158 2.5 mm2 LM 224 5AMP Lightning switch, Flush fixing white plastic excluding box One gang, one way NO 187 Ditto two way NO 207 Low power Factor (L.P.F) BATTEN FLUORESCENT Fittings with tube 4 ft. Single x 36 watt NO 2,050 4 ft. Twin Ditto. NO 2,733 Energy saving lamps Energy saving lamp B22 8,11,15,20 & 23 W Havells-Pin screw NO 283 Sockets Satin chrome/Black Nickel 16 13A DP Flat switch socket NO 1,683 PLUMBING & DRAINAGE
UPVC Grey waste pipe fittings Sweep Bend 32 mm diameter sweep bend NO 79 SANITARY FITTINGS
Glazed ceramic W.C. suite complete NO 19,500 19,500 19,500 Wash hand basin complete NO 14,500 14,500 14,500 Bathroom accessories Urinals 1150mm high stainless steel slab urinals complete with fittings 2FT NO 55,000 35,000 EXTERNAL WORKS (SITE WORKS)
Fencing 100 mm Precast Concrete fencing post LM 870 Extra over ditto for 100 x 100 mm precast concrete struts 2600 mm long NO 2,547 Barbed wire 12 1/2 Gauge x 6 strand galvanized barbed wired fencing with 2.4 M high 100 x 125 mm cranked precast LM 1,744 concrete posts at 3.0 M centers mortised in mass concrete surround Razor wire 450 mm diameter LM 320 341 357 Manhole Covers Pre-Cast R.C. Manhole Cover Slabs 685 mm diameter; 150 mm thick; NO 1,339 915 mm Dia. ditto NO 1,897
34 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA
DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA Kshs. Kshs. Kshs.
Landscaping Installation of ground covers Excavate circular pits average 300mm diameter not exceeding 500mm depth SM 350 - - Backfill excavated pits with approved soil average depth, 350mm CM 900 - - Installation of trees/ large shrubs Ordinary trees/ large shrubs (30 no.) Bambusa speciosa ( DWARF BAMBOO) NO 800 - - Bauhinia variegetum (CAMEL’S FOOT) NO 1,200 - -
FOR MORE CONSTRUCTION COSTS, PLEASE PURCHASE A COPY OF THE IQSK CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK
AVAILABLE AT THE INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORS OF KENYA AT KSHS. 1,800/-
COST: KSHS.1,800/= AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018
BUILDING 1 CONSTRUCTION COSTS HANDBOOK
AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018
AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG COSTS HANDBOOK APR - JUN 2018 35
CONSTRUCTION
BUILDING 1
AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018 COST: KSHS.1,800/= THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA BUILDING COSTS PER SQUARE METRE - JUNE 2018 The rates shown below are general rates for building works excluding site works and care should be exercised in comparing costs of various buildings without considering other factors like location; specification of building materials; wall to floor ratio, floor to ceilling heights; site topography; type of joinery fitting and quality of Electrical and Mechanical installations.
The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, it’s Council and the publisher shall not be responsible for any errors in the rates published herein or for any damage or loss whatsoever resulting therefrom or for any reliance thereon in the m2 rates.
ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA
A Commercial Low rise office blocks (four storey max.) 39,714 48,547 48,000 High rise office blocks (5+ storeys) 50,021 57,320 65,000 Offices - business parks 47,740 57,000 55,000 CBD offices - up to 20 floors medium (A-grade) 61,167 56,667 60,000 CBD offices - high-rise prestige 67,500 70,000 72,000 B Industrial Complex Factories (Two storey) 35,708 35,960 35,000 Warehouses 35,719 29,580 44,000 Cold storage facilities 36,800 38,000 High-tech laboratories/factories 56,650 60,000 60,000 Steel frame, brickwork to ceiling height, corrugated steel cladding above and roof 25,000 22,000 24,000 sheeting Administration offices 42,500 41,000 42,000 Ablution and change room block 40,000 48,000 52,000 Sheds and barns 7,500 16,250 18,000 Carport - single 4,600 4,800 5,000 Carport - double 7,500 7,800 8,000 C Retail Outlets Small scale shopping centres 40,000 42,000 45,000 Shopping mall 48,375 55,000 55,000 Line shops 43,100 45,000 48,200 D Residential High class Maisonettes 49,650 48,000 52,000 Luxury apartments 52,143 54,667 50,000 Middle Income apartments 43,343 43,333 47,000 Town houses - medium standard (Tiara) 43,886 35,000 38,000 Simple low rise apartment block 37,250 34,500 38,000 Duplex townhouse - economic 37,333 42,500 46,200 Prestige apartment block 38,200 42,500 45,200 Private dwelling houses: - standard 34,000 36,000 38,000 Private dwelling houses: - middle class 38,500 42,000 44,200
36 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA
ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI COASTAL WESTERN AREA AREA AREA
Private dwelling houses: - luxury 45,600 52,000 54,100 Private dwelling houses: - exclusive 45,500 57,300 60,000 Outbuildings 30,000 6,960 34,200 E Educational Institutions Classrooms 35,917 35,820 38,000 Libraries 37,500 36,820 37,000 Sanatorium 37,200 39,440 40,000 Dormitories 33,867 38,720 40,200 F Carparks Multi-storey parking (above ground) 35,000 36,200 38,000 Ground level parking (pre-cast concete finish) 5,194 5,800 6,100 Parking on grade with integral landscaping and ground preparation 4,250 4,500 4,800 G Social Centres Social clubs 31,000 33,000 32,000 Conference centres 42,000 41,000 41,000 Churches (Double Volume Height) 37,500 41,000 40,000 H Hotels 2 star Hotel 69,950 70,000 71,200 3 Star Hotel 80,000 84,200 85,000 5 Star Hotel 86,000 86,200 87,000 Resort style accommodations 85,000 86,600 88,200 I Health facilities Simple clinics (day care) 24,000 34,000 30,000 Urban areas clinics 32,000 42,000 37,000 Large referral hospitals 60,500 65,500 64,500 Dispensaries 22,000 26,000 25,000 J Sports Facilities Stadiums 42,000 48,000 47,000 Theatres (Double volume height) 47,000 54,000 53,000 Health clubs 51,000 59,000 57,000 Playing fields (murram finish) 12,000 18,000 14,000 Playing fields (grass finish) 13,000 18,000 14,000 Simple arena 34,000 39,000 38,000 Swimming Pools 32,600 34,200 36,000 K Airports Hangars 143,000 152,000 160,000
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 37 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING PAID-UP MEMBERS AS AT 23RD MARCH 2018 DEAR MEMBERS, Kindly note that from January 2018, IQSK shall not ACCEPT ANY CASH PAYMENT.
You can use any of the Payment options below: • Cheque payable to the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya / IQSK • Paybill No. 933450. • Bank deposits should be made to the Barclays Bank Account below: Bank and branch: Barclays Bank, Westlands Account Name: Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya Account Number: 073-1265887
CLASS OF MEMBERSHIP NO. Qs. Anna Muthoni Muchungu 58 Qs. Bashir H. Hajee 186 FELLOW MEMBERS Qs. Benson Kagwa 60 Qs. Julius M. Wanyagi 187 Qs. John Gatimu Njagi 2 Qs. Newton Dishon Maungu 65 Qs. Micheal Mwinzi Mwendwa 192 Prof. Qs. Sylvester M. Masu 3 Qs. Robert K. C. Bunei 66 Qs. Aaron Murithi Gitonga 193 Qs. Onesimus M. Gichuiri 5 Qs. Pauline Wanja Munene 67 Qs. Francis Gatonga Kairu 194 Qs. Kimani Mathu 6 Qs. Kibasui Ndonga 70 Qs. James Ouma Okaka 196 Qs. Geoffrey Kahuria Koigi 9 Qs. James Munene Gitonga 72 Qs. James Maina Kamau 197 Qs. Moses A. Nyakiongora 12 Qs. Mutegi John Mburire 74 Qs. Samuel Reuben Mainya 199 Hon. Qs. Yusuf Kifuma Chanzu 13 Qs. Rebman Ambalo Malala 77 Qs. Peter Kariuki Kanyi 202 Qs. Leah Wangari Thumbi 16 Qs. Nicholas Ng’ang’a Gitau 78 Qs. Dr. Jane Wanjugu Gichuiri 204 Qs. Joseph Omariba Otuke 26 Qs. Moses Daniel Kamau 80 Qs. Nicholas M. Mutua 206 Qs. Bramwell P. Kimokoti 27 Qs. Lusweti Wose 81 Qs. James Ogoda 207 Qs. Antony Levitan 34 Qs. Christopher G. Munene 82 Qs. E. O. Odhiambo 208 Qs. Kishore Nayar 35 Qs. Charles Maina Mwangi 94 Qs. Francis Mururi Munyua 211 Qs. Jacktone V. Hongo 41 Qs. Adeline Mercy Dindi 95 Qs. Francis O. Ombura 212 Qs. Japheth N. Rasugu 44 Qs. Mutinda Josphat Mutuku 97 Qs. Wilson G. Mwangi 213 Qs. David Mungai Njuguna 53 Qs. Andrew N. Mandere 99 Qs. Isaac M. Gitura 214 Hon. Qs. Simon Nyaundi Ogari 61 Qs. Andrew Kituo Mbuku 100 Qs. Bernard M. Mandere 220 Dr. Qs. Njeri Wachira - Towey 68 Qs. Karimi Stephen Muriithi 101 Qs. James N. Nyambane 221 Qs. Festus Mukunda Litiku 83 Qs. John Kamau Kihara 103 Qs. Ali M. Adam 222 Qs. Thomas Kimangu Murai 91 Qs. Philip Amwata Osoro 109 Qs. Denis K. Kirui 225 Qs. David Mwangi Gaitho 133 Qs. Tom Kipngetich Chirchir 110 Qs. Moses K. Kimani 227 Qs. Samson Getui Obae 141 Qs. Juma Paul Ambatsa 112 Qs. Philip Muchungu 228 Prof. Qs. Hezekiah Gichunge 176 Qs. Patrick Tana Mutisya 125 Qs. Francis M. King’ori 229 Qs. Silvester M. Mutharia 182 Qs. Paul Muthoka Munene 126 Qs. Pauline Jemutai Olbara 235 Dr. Qs. Stanley K. Murage 185 Qs. Allan Agesa Abwunza 129 Qs. Gregory Murunga Chekata 241 Qs. Tom Oketch 205 Qs. Michael Kimanzi Nduli 130 Qs. Samson Kirioba Maisiba 242 Qs. Ali Alamin Mandhry 491 Qs. Steve Rukwaro Muthui 132 Qs. Paul Kamatu Ngugi 245 Qs. Daniel Nyabuti Kimoro 251 Qs. Julius Kiogora Ringera 135 Qs. Charles Muita Kairu 247 Qs. Adam Syngidura Marjan 252 Qs. Elizabeth W. Njoroge 138 Qs. Robert Kanake Munya 249 Qs. Nyagah Boore Kithinji 139 Qs. John O. Okerosi 253 CORPORATE MEMBERS Qs. Victor B. O. Odongo 142 Qs. Peter S. Kariuki 255 Qs. Hazron Maira 4 Qs. George Charles Omondi 143 Qs. Duncan W. Owuor 257 Qs. Charles J. Mwaura 7 Qs. William Kungu Kinyanjui 145 Qs. Simon Wanjusi Wabwile 259 Qs. Wilfred Gitau Ngaruiya 8 Qs. Hosea K. Ngari 147 Qs. Oliver Zablon Munala 260 Qs. George Migwi Maina 15 Qs. Omullo Pius Ouma 148 Qs. Joel Gichimu Thaibiri 263 Qs. Gladys Wangui Wahome 20 Qs. Karita George Ngugi 150 Qs. Raphael G. Ndoka 265 Qs. Lilian Wanjiku Kithinji 22 Qs. Lukas Mugo Ndung’u 154 Qs. Julius K. Matu 268 Qs. Francis Chege Mwangi 25 Qs. Alexander K. Mutai 155 Qs. Shadrack M. Mutumah 270 Qs. Simon Ndirangu Waburi 30 Qs. Hannah Wambui Waithera 157 Qs. Micheal G. M. Ngina 274 Qs. Lawrence Gatitu Mbugua 31 Qs. Julius Meshack Oluoch 163 Qs. Richard M. Ngari 280 Qs. Peter Njuguna Mugaki 36 Qs. Emmanuel M. Wamalwa 165 Qs. Jordan R. Opiyo 283 Qs. John Mwai Mathenge 37 Qs. Neelesh Harji Hirani 166 Qs. Donald O. C. Akoko 284 Qs. Mwaragania Wambugu 43 Qs. Charles Kinyanjui Maingi 173 Qs. Philip M. Kande 286 Qs. Alfred Ingida Aluvaala 48 Qs. Michael Mbugua 177 Qs. Bernard M. Muhia 287 Qs. W. J. Macharia Kamau 49 Qs. Innocent I. O. Momanyi 179 Qs. Alfred O. Gayo 288 Qs. Susan Ruto 181 Qs. Eddieson O. Otieno 289
38 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING
Qs. Ambrose K. Mwangi 296 Qs. Alex M. Makori Magembe 471 Qs. Eric Onyango Tinda 848 Qs. Peter K. Miriti 300 Qs. Joseph Ojwang Onyango 472 Qs. Eric Guantai Munene 909 Qs. Nicholas K. Mutuma 307 Qs. Samuel Ngigi Waiganjo 475 Qs. Joseph Ngare Okinyi 913 Qs. Fervent Kimani Thumbi 308 Qs. Sylvester Onyango Oluoch 483 Qs. Kevin Muriithi Mugo 918 Qs. Beatrice N Wanjau 310 Qs. Francis Kariuki Kiiru 488 Qs. Christopher Kiprotich Chelulei 948 Qs. Philip Oduor Omondi 315 Qs. Lamon O. B. Ogweno 493 Qs. Erastus Kiragu Kamau 968 Qs. Olivia Sally Otieno 320 Qs. David Maina Nguyo 499 Qs. Daniel Kidasi Mwanyalo 1008 Qs. Jeniffer Nduku Musyimi 321 Qs. Alphonce Nyagilo Okweto 501 Qs. Jackson Macharia Kibuchi 1017 Qs. Martha Merikol Kitutu 322 Qs. Peter Okinyi 503 Qs. David Muchiri Mathenge 1024 Qs. Wallace Gachogo Muira 325 Qs. Michael K. Muiruri 504 Qs. Moses Matheka Kiio 1035 Qs. George Kamau Ngure 326 Qs. Robinson Mwangi Kariguh 505 Qs. Samuel Kioge Mwangi 1191 Qs. Jedida Waguthii Muchoki 328 Qs. Joseph Njau Kihiu 507 Qs. Daimon Kevan Keith 1200 Qs. Antony Wambua 335 Qs. Martin Mahira Muiruri 508 Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336 Qs. Japheth Kosgei Kibet 521 LICENTIATE MEMBERS Qs. Faith Njeri Kimani 338 Qs. Brian Simiyu Barasa 523 Pius M. Muoka 278 Qs. Thomas Koigi Kahuria 349 Qs. Justus Njuguna Mwangi 526 Nancy Njeri Thuku 342 Qs. Beatrice Wangui Chege 350 Qs. Patrick Nyolei Tonui 528 James Akumu Kanalo 482 Hon.Qs. Mohamed Mohamud Ali 352 Qs. Judy Wanjiku Njuguna 531 John Karanja Mutwa 510 Qs. Collins Otieno Aluga 355 Qs. Annrita Wanja Mukindia 532 Michael Njoroge Keiru 910 Qs. Solomon D. Kabui Mokiri 358 Qs. Rose Nyambura Mwangi 538 Qs. Paul Ogweno Omondi 360 Qs. Jasan Wanyoike Njoroge 542 GRADUATE MEMBERS Qs. Gabriel Pius K. Mwangi 361 Qs. Rudolf Mwangi 544 Delores Wekoye Mbati 231 Qs. Joseph Kahiga 363 Qs. Kibet Kirui Komingoi 550 George Mugo Njiiru 233 Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336 Qs. Esther Muthoni Githinji 554 Alex Nyamweya Motanya 341 Qs. Mwangi Kimani 372 Qs. Charles Mbugua Kamau 555 Benedict Mutemi Kyangavo 414 Qs. Simon Njoroge Ndung’u 374 Qs. Brian Kipkorir Toroitich 560 Bernard Gitau Ngigi 430 Qs. Johana Maina Thumbi 378 Qs. Kenneth Mungai Ng’ang’a 561 Simon Awiti 476 Qs. Paul Omolo Sagi 379 Qs. Humphrey Khwatenge Silungi 565 Zacharia Muia Maithya 543 Qs. Philip Angatia Mukusa 380 Qs. Peter Kamau Gathuru 566 Albashir Ibrahim Ahmed 553 Qs. Simon Ndung’u Ndumia 390 Qs. Vincent Wafula Kuucha 569 David Wafula Wechuli 558 Qs. Francis Mindo Gitaka 392 Qs. Zacharia Wahome Ngacha 573 Stephen Kahuria Koigi 575 Qs. Daniel Gatenjwa Ng’ang’a 394 Qs. Elias Kirimi Mwiti 579 Reuben Nyakundi Bikeri 578 Qs. Peter Muchiri Ndung’u 395 Qs. Celestine Akoth Ouma 584 Stephen Kamau Njihia 598 Qs. Kennedy M. P. Mutwii 403 Qs. Salesius Kiruja Ignatius 585 Julius Kilonzo 625 Qs. Rodgers Magori Nyabuto 405 Qs. Hussein Were Hussein 597 Gerald Okoth 651 Qs. M. Michubu Kobia 406 Qs. Vincent Anjeche Bulimo 604 Eric Kirimi Cecilia 654 Qs. Patriciah Nthambi Josiah 408 Qs. Peter Waithaka Irungu 610 Mark Muthama Voni 658 Qs. David Gidudi Choka 409 Qs. Jason Nthamburi Muraa 612 Boytone Onyango Awidhi 659 Qs. Lawrence Omonyo 410 Qs. John Michael Onginjo Mdhune 617 Sebastian Wambua Nzioka 660 Qs. Desmond L. M. Mucheni 413 Qs. Isaac Kiage Makone 627 Bob Joseph Wanjara 661 Qs. Paul Kariuki Karanja 415 Qs. Kairu Bachia 634 George Gatamu Githaiga 662 Qs. Antony Githiri Kimani 418 Qs. Eli Kasera Asura 635 Terry Njeri Ngugi 676 Qs. Gladys Nduta Maina 424 Qs. Leah Wambui Karanja 649 Ibrahim G. Adannuh 667 Qs. David Karu Kang’ara 431 Qs. Martin Munyua Njenga 650 David Kariuki Mwangi 686 Qs. Gabriel Muchoki 432 Qs. Cassius Murumba Kusienya 663 Claire Wangari Githiri 688 Qs. Rose Jematya Kotut 434 Qs. Julius Mutemi Mwangangi 666 Anthony Gakuru Muchiri 695 Qs. Rewel Kariuki Maigua 435 Qs. Paul Habwe Ebole 670 Vincent Gachara Ndichu 696 Qs. Mbinda Kativini 445 Qs. David Jonathan Grantham 677 Mercyline Aseti 699 Qs. David Mathu Njuguna 446 Qs. Robert Ndegwa Mathenge 682 Edwin Gitonga Munyua 702 Qs. Titus Mwangi Macharia 448 Qs. Moses Njenga Ng’ang’a 683 Joy Brenda Mbinya 705 Qs. Maureen Njeri Kinyanjui 450 Qs. Rachel Patience Mulondo 689 Bonface Kitoto Abaja 709 Qs. Stephen Gitau Waweru 451 Qs. Vincent Koome Bururia 800 Dennis Chege Mwaura 710 Qs. Wilson Calistus Simiyu 452 Qs. Susan Wambui Kinyati 818 Derrick Karoki Karuoya 711 Qs. David Waiganjo Kiraki 455 Qs. Paul Kimani Mwathi 819 Sharon Wairimu Njiraine 719 Qs. Peter Mwangi Munderu 456 Qs. Portia Afwandi Ajayo 825 Cancius Babu Ouma 720 Qs. Sekou Dore 458 Qs. Allan Opondo Otieno Oduol 827 Caroline Wanjiru Njeru 721 Qs. Robert Mwanga Ambuku 466 Qs. James Kioko Ndoo 829 Hope Mkamburi Mwakughu 723 Qs. Bertrand Lubanga Ngaywa 469 Qs. Godrick Ekisa Oduu 842 David Gituthu Maina 734
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 39 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING
Laban Kamau Mwangi 760 Stephen Kiptoo Ngetich 1373 Clare Nangila Juma 1154 HabibMsellem Said 785 Amos Munene Kimathi 1379 George Eric Omondi 1158 Macdonald Wekesa Wafubwa 786 Nicholas Njenga Muhu 1380 Onyango Jeremiah Oyuma 1160 Paul Kimani Mwathi 819 Aliow Duba Gole 1381 Ochieng Simon Opiyo 1163 Victor Omondi Ongaro 838 Winjoy Karendi Marangu 1168 Brian Sammy Odhiambo 839 TECHNICIAN MEMBERS Waburi Ann Wanjiru 1171 Erick Ondiek Ogola 840 Michael Amena Jahonga 339 Nabil Mohsen Al-beiti 1173 Naomi Wanjiru Njoroge 849 David K. Maiyo 425 Jackline Nasieku Konchellah 1177 Rose Kavinya Musyimi 850 Gladys K. Madete 496 Eunice Bella Akini 1183 Justus Mosiria Obare 878 Samuel M. Nyaga 535 Cindy Namatsi Omondi 1217 John Mualuko Munyao 879 Sebastian Peter Kamairoh 618 Martin Mwangi Njoroge 1218 Cosmas Onyango Odhiambo 901 Dominic Kimonyi Nguku 638 Linnette Muthoni Mathenge 1222 Brian Sagero Makario 907 Resi Khasai Inyangala 642 Linda Kavaya Odari 1223 Paul Kangogo Cheruiyot 917 Margaret M. V. Abukutsa 656 Lewis Mbatia Nderitu 1225 Harrison Katana Menza 952 Salome Wangui Nyathira 740 Rose Wairimu Kimondo 1237 Dennis Kiprotich Biwott 953 Bernard Kibet Massam 804 Miriam Osebe Omagwa 1239 Moses Muchai Kiarie 960 Robinson Otieno Ope 806 Poulet Waruguru Maina 1252 Jane Wangari Mukundi 961 Alexander Muthigani Miano 822 Nyakundi Ernest Onyancha 1299 Daves Kibet 1002 Reuben Akoko Nyangano 833 Peter Karanja Irungu 1314 Maurice Macharia Wambui 1016 Richard Mburu Mwaura 884 Margaret Nyokabi Maingi 1317 Vishal Avinash Chotai 1019 Joram Wambugu Wambugu 939 Esther Muthoni Muiruri 1319 Michael Chege Njoroge 1026 Robert Ouko Sigu 955 Caroline Mumbi Munene 1320 Alex Muchiri Mukere 1029 Ismael Omondi Ogira 973 Stephen Kabari Githinji 1323 Winfred Mukami Muia 1053 Bernard Kipngeno Mutai 984 Julius Muchiri Maina 1324 Isaboke Diana Gesare 1075 Boaz Kibichii Kipsongol 999 Boaz Chepsergon Komen 1326 Lilian Kavenge Mwau 1285 Edward Gikonyo Gitonga 1014 Boniface Mwirigi Mugambi 1338 Immaculate Nyambura Kaibere 1102 Joseph Nginyo Wanjema 1065 Dennis Karaba Ndirangu 1342 Patrick Nganga Karanja 1116 Savia Mwale Mjomba 1086 Augustine Njau Njoroge 1343 Enock Nyanumba Ayuka 1122 Mutchere Nerous Omulokoli 1202 Grace Wanja Kimani 1345 Grace Musyawa Muendo 1124 George Mogendi Okeri 1258 Allan Kipkorir 1346 Wesley Mutai 1133 James Mwati Maina 1262 Sharon Mukiri 1347 Barrack Omondi Ongondo 1137 John Kinyua Mberi 1273 Brian Omondi Ajwang 1348 Alnoor Adan Issack 1138 Evans Miano Nyambura 1274 Quinter Wangui Mworia 1349 John Gichaga Mwangi 1141 Christopher Waithaka Nyaguthii 1280 Sylvia Chelimo Kongoley 1350 Bernard Kagume Wamugunda 1143 Patrick Muema Kanini 1281 Ted Nyaga Masigi 1351 Ayub Alexander Mureithi Kibugu 1187 Maureen Senna Oluk 1284 Ronah Nyatich Ontenga 1352 Erastus Gitari Njeru 1227 Robinson Macharia Muthii 1327 Alexander Opiyo Abuodha 1353 Stephen Njoroge Ng’ang’a 1240 Wycylife Ogoti Ogoro 1336 Mirriam Mwongeli Mueni 1354 Derrick Kithinji Mwirigi 1251 Vincent Omondi Onyango 1369 Albin Kimutai Siele 1355 Victor Chege Maina 1263 Leisanka Gilbert Sitei 1372 Ian Nzamba Mutemi 1356 Mutugi Adson Meme 1276 Kennedy Maanta Moisari 1382 Emmanuel Kiprop Kibet 1357 Tingisha Saitoti 1282 Peter Nelson Alande Odak 875 Esther Nyaguthii Nderitu 1358 Cynthia Moira Mulaku 1310 Abdirazack Abdirahman Abass 892 Mary Syombua Musyoka 1359 David Derrick Otieno 1312 Irene Wahu Njoroge 904 Grace Ekirapa Magdalene 1360 Serah Wanjeri Kung’u 1325 Edwin Gathata Mwaragania 915 Rosemary Mukami Macharia 1361 Andrew Maina Kahonge 1328 Marvin Ndiritu Wahome 916 Benson Kibe Kioria 1362 John Thuita Muthoni 1329 Lucy Nzilani Nzioki 932 Ruth Nyambura Warui 1363 Eleanor Atieno Oloo 1330 Mercy Chebet Chirchir 982 Samuel Wambugu Gichanja 1364 Alex Masaku Muema 1331 Charity Wangari Mwangi 1037 James Owilly Osindi 1365 Javan Mtoto Mzugha 1332 Ashley Nyakara Nyabuto 1042 Derek Prince Omiah 1366 Lawrence Koskey Kipkoech 1333 Lucy Muthoni Njuguna 1060 Valentine Nyanchama Mong’are 1367 Stephen Mwangi Nduiga 1334 Abigael Nyakara Mogusu 1070 Purity Wairimu Njagi 1368 Benson Musa Mbogo 1335 Albert Anyona 1082 Yasmin Ismail Adan 1370 Francis Mburu Mbugua 1337 James Muimi Nzangi 1088 Vivianne Jeptoo Lamaon 1374 Mark Muriithi Muthumbi 1339 Leonard Kituku Ndolo 1112 Brenda Jepkoech Chepkonga 1375 Fred Allan Kichari 1340 Benard Kipkemoi Lang’at 1127 Macellar Apiyo Ogunyo 1376 Wilson Mwikamba 1341 Erick Wahome Njeri 1150 Caren Jerop 1377 David Wachira Ndoka 1371 Edwin Kiplagat Bunyoli 1153 Irene Jebichii Konga 1378
40 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
AEGIS DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS LTD CIDIEF QUANTITY SURVEYORS ECOST DEVELOPMENT AFRICA Blue Violets Plaza, 6th Floor, Suite 603 1st Floor, Mung’atia Building Ole Odume Rd, Monomotapa Court, Hse No. 5 Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive Junction Tom Mboya Street P. O. Box 2146 – 00202, Nairobi Off Ngong Road P. O. Box 1639 – 00200, Meru Tel: +254 20 3877757/2306665/0722 764462 P. O. Box 2861- 00100, Nairobi. Tel: + 254 64 66508/ 0722 313978 Email: [email protected] Tel: 0722349922/0733633004 Email: [email protected] E-SCAN PROJECTS LIMITED Email: [email protected] CONSTRUCTION COST CONSULTANCY Muthaiga Suites, Suite No. 5 AMAZON CONSULTANTS LTD The MMID Studio Offices, Second Floor (2nd), P.O. Box 33607 – 00600, Nairobi Green House, 3rd Floor Suite 18 Off Westlands Road Mobile no. 0723-022702/0727-828260 Adams Arcade, off Ngong Road P.O. Box 76532 – 00508, Nairobi Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 1756 – 00100, Nairobi. Tel: +254 20 3742738/254 722 203 883 GAIKONSULT Tel: +254 20 3860839/40/2453081 Email: [email protected] Mobile:+254 733-71403/0722-398215 Bekim House, Westlands COSTEK ALMA Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 26365, Nairobi Top Plaza, Kindaruma Road, Off Ngong Road Tel: +254 20 3747002, Fax: +254 20 3749725 ARCHBILL CONSULTANTS LTD 5th floor, Office 5-03 Email: [email protected] Blue Violets Plaza, Suite no. 305 P.O Box 20852 -00202, KNH, Nairobi GETSO CONSULTANTS LTD Kamburu Drive, off Ngong Rd Tel: +254/20-2012843/2717571/2725732 P.O. Box 15703 - 00100, Nairobi Cell: 0725-931514 Muiri Lane, Opposite Galleria Mall, Karen. Tel: +254 20 3875670 / 020 2323944 Email: [email protected]; P.O. Box 52979 – 00200, Nairobi 0734-569997/0712-250547 [email protected] Tel: 020 2696500/020 2316997/0720 696500/ Email: [email protected] 0786 696501/0726491770 COSTWISE ASSOCIATES Email: [email protected] • www.getso.co.ke ARMSTRONG & DUNCAN Golf Course, next to Madina Mosque Centre HAROLD R. FENWICK & ASSOCIATES Adak House, Milimani Rd P.O. Box 1992 – 00100, Nairobi P.O. Box 40426 – 00100, Nairobi Tel: +254 20 2711340/0716-430969 Sri Sathya Sai Centre, Waiyaki Way Tel: +254 20 2722766/2163/4901/8328 Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 14994 – 00800, Nairobi Fax: +254 20 2726366 Tel: +254 20 4443131/2, Fax: +254 20 4443307 COSTPLAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS LTD Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Part of the ATVANTAGE GROUP INTERGRATED YMR PARTNERSHIP ANKA CONSULTANTS Ndama Place, Along Kabarnet Rd, Off Ngong Rd TRV PLAZA, Muthithi Road P.O. Box 102238 – 00101, Nairobi Lion Place, 4th Flr, Waiyaki Way P.O. Box 1834 – 00621, Nairobi Tel: +254 (0) 20 246 5648 | Cell: +254 (0) 722 P.O. Box 69641 - 00400, Nairobi Tel: +254 20 2115559 214 308 / +254 (0) 736 214 308 Tel: +254 20 4445380/1, 0707 963094/ Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] 0786 425729 Email: [email protected] BARKER & BARTON (KENYA) COSTING MASTERS AND ASSOCIATES INTEGRA CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYORS Triad House, Muthaiga Rd Golf Course Commercial Center, 3rd Floor P.O. Box 41643 - 00100, Nairobi P.O. Box 6825-00200, Nairobi Elysee Plaza, Kilimani Road, Tel: +254 20 8076217/2655395 Tel: +254 20 2715874, Fax: +254 20 2721182 Off Elgeyo Marakwet Road Fax: +254 20 3740753 Email:[email protected] / P.O. Box 27974 – 00100, Nairobi E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]. Tel: +254 20 2713061/ 0721-952364 Email: [email protected] BILLS PARTNERSHIP LTD COST & VALUE MANAGEMENT INTERBILL CONSULTANTS Norfolk Tower, 2nd Floor, Block G, Kijabe Srt CONSULTANTS LTD P.O. Box 27090 – 00100, Nairobi P.O. Box 555-00242, Kitengela Embassy House, 2nd Flr, Harambee Ave Tel: +254 20 3572724/5/6/7 Tel: +254 734 600 483/ 0721 138569 P.O. Box 17054 – 00100, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +254 20 2252203/ 223889 Website: www.costandvaluemgt.co.ke Fax: +254 20 2342325 BUNEI, MAUNGU AND ASSOCIATES Email: [email protected] NHC Lang’ata Court, Block B1 DAVSON & WARD KANJUMBA CONSULTANTS P.O. Box 58978-00200, Nairobi Davard House, 5 Cedar Road, Westlands Tel: +254 20 2010797/2329465/2114034 P. O. BOX 46611-00100 GPO, Nairobi Westlands Arcade Bldg, 2nd Flr Mobile:+254 722-613796/0722-216829 Tel: + 254 20 4440318/9/20/4448695 P.O. Box 14781 – 00800, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +254 20 4443591/ 2021302, 0733755747 Website: www.davsonward.co.ke Fax: +254 20 4441693 BUILDNETT CONSULTANT LTD Email: [email protected] Utumishi Co-operative House, 6th Floor, ECOSPACE CONSULTANTS KOMOS ASSOCIATES LTD Mamlaka Road KCB Enterprise Building P. O. Box 51305 – 00200, Nairobi Enterprise Rd, Industrial Area The Westery, 2nd floor Suite 2F. Tel: +254 20 20231965, 0724 848182, P.O. Box 74885 – 00200, Nairobi Mpesi Lane, Muthithi road, Westlands, 0722 818212 Tel: +254 20 555226/535751 P.O. Box 69721 – 00400, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel +254 20 3747152/0722-743815 Email: [email protected]
WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG APR - JUN 2018 41 THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR
DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
LAUREZ & ASSOCIATES OORO & SANYA ASSOCIATES LTD SHAQUE ASSOCIATES Venice Court, Block B, No. 2, Off Menelik Road Marcus Garvey Rd, off Argwings Kodhek Rd 5th Floor, Office No. 2. Western Heights P.O. Box 2439 - 00200, Nairobi P.O. Box 55123 - 00200, Nairobi Karuna Road, Westlands Tel: +254 20 3860754, Fax: +254 20 3860753 Tel: + 254 0710-207064/020 3861205/6/3865222 P.O.Box 14856 – 00800, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Fax: +254 20 3868448 Tel: +254 20 4444 026 Email: [email protected] Fax: +254 20 4444 097 MAK CONSULTANTS E-mail: [email protected] PRIMEBILL CONTRUCTION ADVISORS Maendeleo Hse, 3rd Flr Website: www.shaqueassociates.com P.O. Box 41355 – 00100, Nairobi Utumishi Co-op House, 6th Floor, Tel: +254 20-2229529/020-3597400 Mamlaka Rd, Off Nyerere Rd SONGA OGODA & ASSOCIATES Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 23595-00100, Nairobi 45 Amboseli Road, Lavington Tel: 020 350 3075, 0722 990286 P.O. Box 54584 – 00200, Nairobi MATHU & GICHUIRI ASSOCIATES Email: [email protected], Tel: +254 20 3870563 MGA Hse, Westlands [email protected] Fax: +254 20 3872510 P.O. Box 14372 - 00800, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Tel: +254 20 3748934/6/8/41 PREMIER CONSULTANTS Fax: +254 20 3743408 KMA Centre, 1st Floor Western Wing, SWIFTCOST CONSULTANTS LTD Email: [email protected] Junction off Mara, Chyulu Road, Upperhill Jumuia Place, 4th Floor, Lenana Road, P. O. Box 8980 – 00300, Nairobi P. O Box 570 – 00100, Nairobi MASTER-COST (K) Tel: +254 20 2504522/733 735 875 Tel: +254 772 937 326, +254 020 357 9877 1st Floor, New Waumini House, Westlands Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] P. O. Box 13793 – 00800, Nairobi Website: www.swiftcost.co.ke Tel: +254 20 4447455/0736-866571 PROCOSTS LTD Fax: +254 20 4447198 Garden Estate Stream Drive, House No. SD 98, TANA & ASSOCIATES LTD Email: [email protected] Off Thika Highway/past Mountain Mall, Naivas Peponi Plaza, Westlands Unit C3, 2nd Flr, Website: www.master-cost.co.ke P. O. Box 12024-00100, Nairobi P. O. Box 52768 – 00200, Nairobi Tel: +254 20 2324208/0771 005124 Tel: +254 20 3740510 MASTERBILL INTEGRATED PROJECTS Email: [email protected] Fax: +254 20 3750789 TRV Office Plaza, 7th Floor, Suite 7B Website: www.pcckenya.com Email: [email protected] 58 Muthithi Road, Westlands P.O. Box 22905 – 00400, Nairobi QUANTECH CONSULTANCY QUANTYMAN ASSOCIATES LIMITED Tel: +254 20 3743346/3749409/3744719 MMID Studio 1st Floor No. 1 D Centenary house, Ring Road Westlands, Mobile: +254 721-671395 Westlands Road, Westlands 4th floor room 4b2 Email: [email protected] P.O. Box 44660 – 00100, Nairobi P.O. Box 2262-00202 KNH, Nairobi Website: www.miprojects.co.ke Tel: +254 20 3746947/0721 526931 Tel: 0717555351 Fax: +254 20 3746948 Email: [email protected] MWASHINGA & ASSOCIATES Email: [email protected] TANDEM & STARK LTD Moushmi Complex,Nyoka Rd. Nyali. Website: www.quantech.co.ke P.O.Box 34099 - 80118, Nyali-Mombasa 3rd Floor, East Wing, Suite 15 Tel: +254 41 470740/2615742/0722 673201 QUANTSCONSULT The Greenhouse Ngong Road Email: [email protected] Morningside Office Park, Ngong Rd P.O. Box 53328-00200, Nairobi P. O. Box 31728 – 00600, Nairobi Tel: +254 20 2318992/2055945 MML TURNER & TOWNSEND Tel/Fax: +254 020 2081239 Email: [email protected] 2nd Floor, The Courtyard, General Mathenge Email: [email protected] Website: www.tandemandstark.com Drive, Westlands TOM O. OKETCH & ASSOCIATES P.O. Box 62899-00200, Nairobi QUANTI-BILL CONSULT Tel : +254 20 374490314 K. P. Flats, Suite No. 9, Milimani Rd Patom House, Mukinduri Lane, Lang’ata Website: www.mmltt.com P.O. Box 34360 – 00100, Nairobi P. O. Box 67819 – 00200 City Square, Nairobi Tel/Fax: +254 20 2726971/0734-677951 Tel: +254 20 2196313 M & M CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANTS Email: [email protected] Fax: +254 20 2196330 Golf View, Wambui Rd, Off Kiambu Road, Mobile: 0733-750368/0721-402902 QUEST CONSULTANTS LTD Muthaiga, 7th Floor, suiteB7, Email: [email protected] P. O. Box 4677 - 00506, Nairobi Mwanzo Hse, 3rd Floor ZIMAKI CONSULT Tel: +254 20 6550188/208 Dunga Close Off, Dunga Rd, Industiral Area Mobile: +254 722 758 000/720 633402/ P.O. Box 64283 – 00620, Lenana court off Lenana road 734 288070 Tel: 020-557958/0722-317826 P O Box 8589 - 00100, Nairobi Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tel: +254-20-8008648 Off:+254-733121877 OBRA INTERNATIONAL SAGE PROJECTS Email: [email protected] Jameson Court, Block B Suite 6 Kipriko Court off Ngong Rd, Kabaranet Rd P. O. Box 3494 - 00200, Nairobi P.O. Box 51654-00100, Nairobi Tel: +254 20 2635947 Tel: 0722-952002, 0733-952002, 0723-825020 Mobile: +254 721-986 325/720-863098 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.obraint.co.ke
To get your consulting firm listed in the QS Journal, kindly contact the IQSK secretariat on: Tel: 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 • Email: [email protected]/[email protected]
42 APR - JUN 2018 WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG CONTRACTORS EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM
“Contracts & Claims Management THEME for Construction Projects.”
DATES TOPICS TO BE COVERED 20TH & 21ST • Presentation of Valid Claims SEPTEMBER 2018 • Prudent Contract Management • Dispute Resolving Methods VENUE THE ANDERSON CENTER CHARGES Located within The Nairobi KSH. 10,000 for both days Hospital (use Gate B of the Nairobi hospital or the gate right opposite Daystar University) CPD POINTS 10 CPD POINTS will be awarded by NCA to the participants. IQSK ANNUAL SUMMIT THEME DATE AFFORDABLE HOUSING Thursday 25th & AGENDA - DECODING & Friday 26th October 2018 INTERPRETATION Arrivals on Wednesday 24th CHARGES
RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE AND VENUE ACCOMMODATION • Kshs. 40,000 early birds (till 14th September) Sarova Whitesands Beach, • Kshs. 45,000 regular tickets Resort & Spa, Mombasa • Kshs. 50,000 at the door
RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE ONLY CPD POINTS • Kshs. 20,000 early birds (till 14th September) CPD Points will be awarded to • Kshs. 25,000 regular tickets participants registered with BORAQS Students to pay Kshs. 10,000 for conference only for 2 days
To book your space call IQSK on 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 or visit our offices. Payments can be made to Mpesa Paybill no. 933450, Account no. 2018AS