DOCSLIB.ORG

Tamil Centre for Human Rights

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tamil Centre for Human Rights TAMIL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS – TCHR/CTDH LAW AND ORDER, JUDICIARY FAIL AND IMPUNITY PREVAILS IN SRI LANKA JUSTICE DELAYED, JUSTICE DENIED (Salient violations - many more to be added) Justice denied Month/Year Type of violation No action 1948 On 15 November 1948 Citizenship Act and the laws of disenfranchisement were enacted and adopted, the Tamils of Indian origin Tamils in the hill country (plantation Tamils) were deprived of selecting their representatives to the Parliament. More than a million plantation Tamil workers were rendered stateless. Case ignored 1956 On 5th June 1956, about 300 Tamil volunteers along with Tamil parliamentarians staged a sit down Police turn a Satyagraha (peaceful protest) on the Galle Face Green, in front of the Sri Lanka Parliament, against blind eye to this the 'Sinhala Only' Bill introduced by (Prime Minister) Bandaranaike. Satyagrahis were beaten up some riot. No inquiry; Tamil Satyagrahis were thrown into Beira Lake near the Parliament by the Sinhalese thugs. The riots no-one punished against the Tamil community was instigated by the government and actively supported by the Sinhalese organisations and Bhikkus (Buddhist priests). Killed 150 Raped 20 Injured 300 Displaced 3000 No action taken 1957 26 July an agreement known as “Banda Chelva” pact was signed between Bandaranayke and ---------- Chevanayagam. This agreement was based on a quasi federal system devolving certain powers to the Tamils in the North East provinces. 1958 In April the “Banda-Chelva” pact was unilaterally abrogated by the Prime Minister Bandaranaike due to vehement protests staged, Buddhist clergy and Sinhala political leadership. Police turn a Anti-Tamil pogrom broke out in the island. Many Tamils were massacred and million of rupees worth of blind eye to this properties belonging to the Tamils looted and destroyed. Over 35000Tamil refugees were relocated from riot. Sinhalese areas were relocated from Sinhalese areas to Tamil areas in the North. Perpetrators not punished On 25 May, in the government sugar-cane plantation at Polonnaruwa and Hingurakgoda, the Sinhala thugs assaulted the Tamil labourers remorselessly. The Sinhala thugs set fire to the sugar canes and burnt or hacked to death 500 Tamils in Polonnaruwa and Hingurakgoda. Violence spread to the Southern part of the island wherever the Tamils live. The passing cars and trains were stopped by mobs and the Tamil were butchered, houses were burnt with people inside and there was widespread looting. 1958 Killed 355 Raped 100 Injured 350 Displaced 35000 No action taken 1960 Arrested 60 Raped 15 Injured 200 -do- 1 TAMIL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS – TCHR/CTDH LAW AND ORDER, JUDICIARY FAIL AND IMPUNITY PREVAILS IN SRI LANKA Justice denied Month/Year Type of violation No action 1961 Non-violent civil disobedience campaign was launched by the Federal Party in Jaffna. No inquiry The government reacted violently by sending Police and military forces to Jaffna to suppress the agitation. No arrests Non-violent (Satyagrahis) demonstrators were attacked by Sri Lanka army in Jaffna. Many Tamil politicians were arrested. Anti-Tamil pogrom broke out in areas where Sinhalese were in a majority. 1972 Denial of equal University education (Standardization) to the Tamil students. No action taken Arrested 37 Injured 18 -do- 1973 Arrested 35 Injured 24 -do- 1974 On 10 January, Police unleashed an unprovoked violent attack on those attending the prestigious Commission “4th World Tamil Research Conference” in Jaffna, leaving nine innocent civilians dead. appointed. Perpetrators Arrested 2 Killed 9 Injured 15 not punished Outcome nothing 1977 In July, Tamil United Liberation Front-TULF, won overwhelmingly at the Parliamentary election giving them a mandate to establish the “Right to Self-determination” of Tamil Eelam in the North East. The TULF People's became the major opposition party in the parliament. Anti-Tamil pogrom occurred immediately mandate ignored after elections in the areas where Sinhalese were in the majority killing hundreds of Tamils. Arrested 45 Killed 150 Raped 90 Injured 35 Displaced 150000 No action taken 1979 Arrested 150 Disappeared 22 Killed 13 Raped 13 Injured 15 -do- 1981 In June, Increased military repression in the North. The Jaffna Public Library was burnt down by the Sri Lankan armed forces, allegedly under the direction of two senior government ministers, No inquiry Gamini Dissanayake and Cyril Matthew. 95,000 volumes of books including numerous culturally No arrests important and irreplaceable manuscripts and the buildings were totally destroyed by arson. Perpetrators The Jaffna city market, the office of the Tamils daily newspaper “Eelanadu”, the office of the not punished political party TULF were burnt down by the Sri Lanka security forces. An anti-Tamil pogrom broke out in the island. Many Tamils were killed and looting of the Tamils properties were widespread. Arrested 200 Disappeared 4 Killed 35 Raped 50 Injured 37 Displaced 5000 No action taken 2 TAMIL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS – TCHR/CTDH LAW AND ORDER, JUDICIARY FAIL AND IMPUNITY PREVAILS IN SRI LANKA Justice denied Month/Year Type of violation No action 1982 Arrested 300 Killed 47 Raped 45 Injured 22 No action taken 1983 Major anti-Tamil pogrom took place in July all over the island with the buoyed up support of the No inquiry government. Thousands of Tamils fled the country and went to India and to Western countries. No arrests Billions rupees worth of Tamils properties was looted and destroyed by the Sinhala rioters. Perpetrators Between 27-28 July, 53 Tamil political prisoners were massacred inside the walls of the not punished Welikadai prison in Colombo by the Sinhala inmates. Arrested 1425 Disappeared 571 Killed 6000 Raped 750 Injured 3383 Displaced 250000 No action taken 1984 On 28 March, busy market town of Chunnakam in the Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lankan Air force personnel No inquiry opened fire killing 22 and injuring many. No arrests On 11 August, 16 Tamil male passengers on their way to Colombo were killed by the Army in civil dress. Perpetrators On 2nd December, 27 Tamils from Cheddikulam and Chemamadu were killed by the Army. not punished Arrested 8257 Disappeared 203 Killed 872 Raped 214 Injured 1720 No action taken 1985 On 9th April, 75 civilians were shot dead by the Sri Lanka army in Valvettithurai. No inquiry On 15 May, "Kumuthini" a passenger ferry between the island of Delft and Punguduthivu, via Nainathivu No arrests was stopped at mid-sea by the Sri Lankan Navy personnel, and the Navy personnel got into the ferry Perpetrators and cut to death 36 passengers, including women and children. not punished On 17th May, 60 young Tamils were killed in Thambiluvil by STF -do- On 31st May, 37 Tamil youths were killed by the security forces went on a rampage in Thanganagar, -do- Kiliveddy in Trincomalee. On 16th August, more than 200 Tamil people were killed in Vavuniya by the Army who went on the rampage -do- On 16 November, the Special Task Force arrived at Bar road in Batticaloa and shot dead nine Tamil civilians. -do- Looted and burned 15 shops and several houses. On 18 September, 46 Tamil refugees were killed in Jaffna by the security forces -do- On 27 November, Sri Lankan soldiers and Home Guards entered four adjoining villages of -do- Sampoor in the Trincomalee and killed 22 Tamil civilians and burnt down 165 homes. On 27 November, in a search operation by the Security force, 24 Tamil fishermen shot dead and many missing -do- in the coastal village of Mandur in Batticaloa. Arrested 3616 Disappeared 246 Killed 777 Raped 399 Injured 1372 Displaced 1000 No action taken 3 TAMIL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS – TCHR/CTDH LAW AND ORDER, JUDICIARY FAIL AND IMPUNITY PREVAILS IN SRI LANKA Justice denied Month/Year Type of violation No action 1986 On 19 January, more than 24 Tamil civilians were killed by the security forces in Iruthayapuram No inquiry On 25 January, the Army soldiers fired indiscriminately at about 75 passengers waiting to board a train at Kilinochchi No arrests railway station. In this incident 12 civilians including women and children killed by the soldiers. Perpetrators On 19 February, Special Task Force rounded up 60 Tamil farm workers in a paddy field and shot them all not punished at Udumpankulam in Amparai district. -do- On 19 February, 80 mainly Tamil farm workers were killed and their bodies burned in remote spot near the town -do- of Akkaraipattu Amparai district. On 20 March, 16 Tamil villagers were killed by the Sri Lankan army in a cordon and search operation -do- in Eeddimurichchan, Nedunkerni. Many houses were burnt and shops were looted. On 10 June, 35 fishermen from Gurunagar, Jaffna who went for fishing in a boat named "Thuya Oli" were shot dead -do- by the Sri Lanka Navy. On 20 June, 36 refugees from Gurunagar, Jaffna on a boat bound to India were shot at by Sri Lankan Navy -do- at Nachchikudah, Mannar. On 26 June, 16 civilians in Sambaltivu, Trincomalee were killed in search operation by the Sri Lankan army -do- On 28 June, 8 civilians were tied to trees and executed tin the course of a cordon and search operation in Paranthan -do- by the Sri Lankan soldiers. On 28 June, thirty four Tamil civilians, including women were found hacked to dead in the jungle near -do- Thampalakamam in Trincomalee district. The victims were abducted and hacked to dead by Home Guards -do- On 13 July, Sri Lankan soldiers who launched a cordon and search operation in Adampan, Mannar, killed 48 Tamil and Muslim. On 16 July, 44 Tamil civilians, mostly refugees, were deliberately shot and killed by the Sri Lanka army in the villages -do- of Peruveli and Manalchenai in the Trincomalee district. On 17 July, 10 passengers who were travelling in a bus were killed when a Sri Lankan helicopter opend fire at the -do- bus in Thanduvan in Mullaitivu district.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolutionof Coastallaridformsinthe Western Part of Srilanka
    HiroshimaHiroshimaGeographicalAssociation Geographical Association Geographical Sciences vol, 43 no.1 pp, 18-36, 1988 Evolution of Coastal Laridforms inthe Western Part of Sri Lanka JINADASA KATUPOTHA* Key Words:evolution of coastal landforms, SriLanka, late Pleistocene, Holocene, landfOmi classMcation Abstract Geomorphic and geologic evidence shows four different stages {Stage I-IV} in the evolution of coastal landforrns on the west coast of Sri Lanka during the Iate Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs. The author assumes that the old ridges in Stage I at Sembulailarna, Kiriyanl(ailiya, Pambala, Wiraliena, Uluambalarna and Kadrana areas have been fonned precedng the Holocene transgression. Low hMs and ridges in the area were coated mainly by wind blown sand, fonowing the lower sea levels during the Late Pleistocene and Earty Holocene Epochs. Radiocarbon datings en the west and seuth coast$ reveal that the sea level remained 1rn or more above the present sea level between 6170± 70 and 535e± 80 yr B. P. During this transgression, the forTner drainage basins were submerged and headland bay beaches were ereated. Many wetlands aiid beach ridges, particularly in Stages ll, III, and IV were gradualy formed owing to rninor oscMations of sea levet after mid-Holocene. Most of these landiorTns haveaclose relationship with main climatic zenes of the country. 1987; Katupotha, 1988) also help to deterrnine their I. Introduction evolution. The island of Sri Lanka has a coastline over Coastal Iandform maps of the study area were 1920 km in length, exhibiting a diversity of coastal cornpiled by means of interpretation of aerial photo- landromis. The coastal lowlands with elevation graphs (1:40,OOO-Survey Department of Sri Lanka, from mean sea level (MSL) to 30m consist of 1956) and field observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Defence Forces of Sri Lanka During the Covid-19 Outbreak for Nations Branding
    Journal of Management Vol. 15, Issue. 2, 2020 ISSN: 1391-8230 47-64 ROLE OF DEFENCE FORCES OF SRI LANKA DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK FOR NATIONS BRANDING Thesara V.P. Jayawardane Department of Industrial Management University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Abstract World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed of a novel coronavirus on the 12th January 2020, as the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, China. Even though the fatality ratio for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is comparatively lower than SARS, the transmission is greater. Therefore, Sri Lankan government requested the general public to practice proper hygiene methods and self- quarantine methods to safeguard from this disease. Quarantine Law in Sri Lanka is governed by the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance No 3 of 1897. Defence Forces of Sri Lanka played many roles in the fight against COVID-19 and this research is an overview of the contribution they have made towards battling the COVID-19 successfully. The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the measures taken by the Sri Lankan government and the tri forces to stop COVID-19 spreading, which will provide an example for other countries to follow on how to prepare, detect, and respond to similar outbreaks, which in turn will contribute towards Nations Branding. This research is a qualitative study mainly undertaken with content analysis of the information extracted from secondary data such as publications of the local and foreign governments, research reports from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO), magazines, newspapers, TV programmes and websites.
    [Show full text]
  • 10Th Session 2009
    IS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AWARE OF THE GENOCIDE OF TAMILS? APPEAL TO THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL APPEL À LA PRISE DE CONSCIENCE DU CONSEIL DES DROITS DE L 'H OMME - NATIONS UNIES LLAMADO PARA REACCIÓN URGENTE DEL CONSEJO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS -NACIONES UNIDAS WEBSITE : www.tchr.net 10th session / 10ème session / 10° período de sesiones 02/03/2009 -- 27/03/2009 TAMIL CENTRE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - TCHR CENTRE TAMOUL POUR LES DROITS DE L 'H OMME - CTDH CENTRO TAMIL PARA LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS (E STABLISHED IN 1990) HYPOCRISY OF MAHINDA RAJAPAKSA “T HERE IS NO ETHNIC CONFLICT IN SRI LANKA AS SOME MEDIA MISTAKENLY HIGHLIGHT ” MAHINDA RAJAPAKSA TO THE LOS ANGELES WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL – 28 SEPTEMBER 2007 “Ladies and Gentlemen, our goal remains a negotiated and honourable end to this unfortunate conflict in Sri Lanka. Our goal is to restore democracy and the rule of law to all the people of our country. 54% of Sri Lanka’s Tamil population now lives in areas other than the north and the east of the country, among the Sinhalese and other communities. There is no ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka - as some media mistakenly highlight. Sri Lanka’s security forces are fighting a terrorist group, not a particular community.” “I see no military solution to the conflict. The current military operations are only intended to exert pressure on the LTTE to convince them that terrorism cannot bring them victory.” (Excerpt) http://www.president.gov.lk/speech_latest_28_09_2007.asp * * * * * “....W E ARE EQUALLY COMMITTED TO SEEKING A NEGOTIATED AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION TO THE CONFLICT IN SRI LANKA ” MAHINDA RAJAPAKSA TO THE HINDUSTAN TIMES LEADERSHIP SUMMIT AT NEW DELHI ON 13 OCTOBER 2007 “It is necessary for me to repeat here that while my Government remains determined to fight terrorism, we are equally committed to seeking a negotiated and sustainable solution to the conflict in Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Torture's Link to Profit in Sri Lanka, a Retrospective Review
    28 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Mercy for money: Torture’s link to profit in Sri Lanka, a retrospective review Wendell Block, M.D.,* Jessica Lee M.D.,* Kera Vijayasingham B.A.* between 1989 and 2013. We tallied the Key points of interest: number of incidents in which claimants • This paper supplements earlier studies described paying cash or jewelry to end on prevalence of bribe payments to end torture, and collected other associated data torture in Sri Lanka, adding trends such as demographics, organizations of the throughout the war, after the war, perpetrators, locations, and, if available, involving multiple armed organizations, amounts paid. We included torture perpe- and across wide geographic locations. trated by both governmental and nongovern- • Victims may not genuinely be consid- mental militant groups. Collected data was ered to be a security risk but are used for coded and evaluated. Findings: We found extortion. that 78 of the 95 subjects (82.1%) whose • Significant economic and social impact reported ordeals met the United Nations on families is likely. Convention Against Torture/International • Torture unlikely to stop until financial Criminal Court definitions of torture incentives are removed. described paying to end torture at least once. • High prevalence suggests that perpetra- 43 subjects paid to end torture more than tors act in collusion with their superiors once. Multiple groups (governmental and and benefit from impunity. non-governmental) practiced torture and extorted money by doing so. A middleman Abstract was described in 32 percent of the incidents. Background: The purpose of this retro- Payment amounts as reported were high spective study is to describe the pattern of compared to average Sri Lankan annual bribe taking in exchange for release from incomes.
    [Show full text]
  • ABBN-Final.Pdf
    RESTRICTED CONTENTS SERIAL 1 Page 1. Introduction 1 - 4 2. Sri Lanka Army a. Commands 5 b. Branches and Advisors 5 c. Directorates 6 - 7 d. Divisions 7 e. Brigades 7 f. Training Centres 7 - 8 g. Regiments 8 - 9 h. Static Units and Establishments 9 - 10 i. Appointments 10 - 15 j. Rank Structure - Officers 15 - 16 k. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 16 l. Courses (Local and Foreign) All Arms 16 - 18 m. Course (Local and Foreign) Specified to Arms 18 - 21 SERIAL 2 3. Reference Points a. Provinces 22 b. Districts 22 c. Important Townships 23 - 25 SERIAL 3 4. General Abbreviations 26 - 70 SERIAL 4 5. Sri Lanka Navy a. Commands 71 i RESTRICTED RESTRICTED b. Classes of Ships/ Craft (Units) 71 - 72 c. Training Centres/ Establishments and Bases 72 d. Branches (Officers) 72 e. Branches (Sailors) 73 f. Branch Identification Prefix 73 - 74 g. Rank Structure - Officers 74 h. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 74 SERIAL 5 6. Sri Lanka Air Force a. Commands 75 b. Directorates 75 c. Branches 75 - 76 d. Air Force Bases 76 e. Air Force Stations 76 f. Technical Support Formation Commands 76 g. Logistical and Administrative Support Formation Commands 77 h. Training Formation Commands 77 i. Rank Structure Officers 77 j. Rank Structure Other Ranks 78 SERIAL 6 7. Joint Services a. Commands 79 b. Training 79 ii RESTRICTED RESTRICTED INTRODUCTION USE OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS 1. The word abbreviations originated from Latin word “brevis” which means “short”. Abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms are a shortened form of group of letters taken from a word or phrase which helps to reduce time and space.
    [Show full text]
  • Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Government of the Democratic
    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOUNTS GENERAL TREASURY COLOMBO-01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. Note to Readers 1 2. Statement of Responsibility 2 3. Statement of Financial Performance for the Year ended 31st December 2019 3 4. Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2019 4 5. Statement of Cash Flow for the Year ended 31st December 2019 5 6. Statement of Changes in Net Assets / Equity for the Year ended 31st December 2019 6 7. Current Year Actual vs Budget 7 8. Significant Accounting Policies 8-12 9. Time of Recording and Measurement for Presenting the Financial Statements of Republic 13-14 Notes 10. Note 1-10 - Notes to the Financial Statements 15-19 11. Note 11 - Foreign Borrowings 20-26 12. Note 12 - Foreign Grants 27-28 13. Note 13 - Domestic Non-Bank Borrowings 29 14. Note 14 - Domestic Debt Repayment 29 15. Note 15 - Recoveries from On-Lending 29 16. Note 16 - Statement of Non-Financial Assets 30-37 17. Note 17 - Advances to Public Officers 38 18. Note 18 - Advances to Government Departments 38 19. Note 19 - Membership Fees Paid 38 20. Note 20 - On-Lending 39-40 21. Note 21 (Note 21.1-21.5) - Capital Contribution/Shareholding in the Commercial Public Corporations/State Owned Companies/Plantation Companies/ Development Bank (8568/8548) 41-46 22. Note 22 - Rent and Work Advance Account 47-51 23. Note 23 - Consolidated Fund 52 24. Note 24 - Foreign Loan Revolving Funds 52 25.
    [Show full text]
  • 01. the Divisional Information
    01. THE DIVISIONAL INFORMATION 01.1 INTRODUCTION Since Jaffna Division is located as the heart of the city in the Jaffna district, also as it is an urban region and covered with lagoon at three sides and linked to land at the other side. The regional development to be considered .In this connection the needed sector wise resources and developmental requirements are analyzed in details. 1. To develop the divisional economy using above resources. 2. Identifying the factors which prevent the economy development. 3. How to develop Jaffna region by eradicate the barriers. 01.2 BASIC INFORMATION OF AREA Divisional Secretariat Jaffna Electoral Division Jaffna Electoral Division No Ten (:10) District Jaffna No. of GN Divisions Twenty Eight (28) No. of Villages Fifty (50) No. of Families 17514 No. of Members 59997 Land Area 10.92sq .km In Land Water Area 0.39 sq.km Total Area 11.31 sq.km Resource Profile 2016 1 Divisional Secretariat - Jaffna 01.3 LOCATION Jaffna Divisional Secretariat division is situated in Jaffna district of North Province of Sri Lanka. NORTH –NALLUR DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION PART OF EAST – NALLUR DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT DIVISION PART OF EAST SOUTH – PART OF WEST BY JAFFNA LAGOON ART OF WEST – VALI SOUTH WEST DIVISIONAL SECRETARIATDIVISION Jaffna peninsula is made of limestone as it was submerged under sea during the Miocene period. The limestone is grey, yellow and white porous type. The entire land mass is flat and lies at sea level. Within one mile of the city center is the island of Mandativu which is connected by a causway.
    [Show full text]
  • Jfcqjsptlpq Learning-Politics-From
    LEARNING POLITICS FROM SIVARAM The Life and Death of a Revolutionary Tamil Journalist in Sri Lanka MARK P. WHITAKER Pluto P Press LONDON • ANN ARBOR, MI Whitaker 00 PLUTO pre iii 14/11/06 08:40:31 First published 2007 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 839 Greene Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Mark P. Whitaker 2007 The right of Mark P. Whitaker to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Hardback ISBN-10 0 7453 2354 5 ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2354 1 Paperback ISBN-10 0 7453 2353 7 ISBN-13 978 0 7453 2353 4 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data applied for 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services Ltd, Fortescue, Sidmouth, EX10 9QG, England Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England Printed and bound in the European Union by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne, England Whitaker 00 PLUTO pre iv 14/11/06 08:40:31 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vi Note on Transliteration, Translation, Names, and Neutrality ix Three Prologues xi 1. Introduction: Why an Intellectual Biography of Sivaram Dharmeratnam? 1 2. Learning Politics from Sivaram 18 3. The Family Elephant 32 4. Ananthan and the Readers’ Circle 52 5. From SR to Taraki – A ‘Serious Unserious’ Journey 79 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* **
    A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Advance Version Distr.: Restricted 16 September 2015 English only Human Rights Council Thirtieth session Agenda item 2 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* ** * Reproduced as received ** The information contained in this document should be read in conjunction with the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights- Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/30/61). A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Contents Paragraphs Page Part 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–13 5 II. Establishment of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL), mandate and methodology ............................................................................................................. 14–46 7 III. Contextual background ........................................................................................... 47–103 12 IV. Overview of Government, LTTE and other armed groups...................................... 104–170 22 V. Legal framework ..................................................................................................... 171–208 36 Part 2– Thematic Chapters VI. Unlawful killings ..................................................................................................... 209–325 47 VII. Violations related to the
    [Show full text]
  • Tides of Violence: Mapping the Sri Lankan Conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre
    Tides of violence: mapping the Sri Lankan conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit legal centre based in Sydney. Established in 1982, PIAC tackles barriers to justice and fairness experienced by people who are vulnerable or facing disadvantage. We ensure basic rights are enjoyed across the community through legal assistance and strategic litigation, public policy development, communication and training. 2nd edition May 2019 Contact: Public Interest Advocacy Centre Level 5, 175 Liverpool St Sydney NSW 2000 Website: www.piac.asn.au Public Interest Advocacy Centre @PIACnews The Public Interest Advocacy Centre office is located on the land of the Gadigal of the Eora Nation. TIDES OF VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT FROM 1983 TO 2009 03 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 09 Background to CMAP .............................................................................................................................................09 Report overview .......................................................................................................................................................09 Key violation patterns in each time period ......................................................................................................09 24 July 1983 – 28 July 1987 .................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Water Bodies As a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form
    The Effect of Water Bodies as a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form. A Study on Creating a Symbiosis between the two with a case study of the Beira Lake, City of Colombo. K. Pradeep S. S. Fernando. 139404R Degree of Masters in Urban Design 2016 Department of Architecture University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka The Effect of Water Bodies as a Determinant Force in Generating Urban Form. A Study on Creating a Symbiosis between the two with a case study of the Beira Lake, City of Colombo. K. Pradeep S. S. Fernando. 139404R Degree of Masters in Urban Design 2016 Department of Architecture University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka THE EFFECT OF WATER BODIES AS A DETERMINANT FORCE IN GENERATING URBAN FORM - WITH A STUDY ON CREATING A SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN THE TWO WITH A CASE STUDY OF THE BEIRA LAKE, CITY OF COLOMBO. Water bodies present in Urban Contexts has been a primary determinant force in the urban formation and settlement patterns. With the evolutionary patterns governing the cities, the presence of water bodies has been a primary generator bias, thus being a primary contributor to the character of the city and the urban morphology. Urban form can be perceived as the pattern in which the city is formed where the street patterns and nodes are created, and the 03 dimensional built forms, which holistically forms the urban landscape. The perception of urban form has also been a key factor in the human response to the built massing, and fabric whereby the activity pattern is derived, with the sociological implications. DECLARATION I declare that this my own work and this dissertation does not incorporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a Degree or Diploma in any University or any Institute of Higher Learning and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any materials previously published or written by another person except where acknowledgement is made in the text.
    [Show full text]