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Role of Defence Forces of Sri Lanka During the Covid-19 Outbreak for Nations Branding
Journal of Management Vol. 15, Issue. 2, 2020 ISSN: 1391-8230 47-64 ROLE OF DEFENCE FORCES OF SRI LANKA DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK FOR NATIONS BRANDING Thesara V.P. Jayawardane Department of Industrial Management University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Abstract World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed of a novel coronavirus on the 12th January 2020, as the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, China. Even though the fatality ratio for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is comparatively lower than SARS, the transmission is greater. Therefore, Sri Lankan government requested the general public to practice proper hygiene methods and self- quarantine methods to safeguard from this disease. Quarantine Law in Sri Lanka is governed by the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance No 3 of 1897. Defence Forces of Sri Lanka played many roles in the fight against COVID-19 and this research is an overview of the contribution they have made towards battling the COVID-19 successfully. The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the measures taken by the Sri Lankan government and the tri forces to stop COVID-19 spreading, which will provide an example for other countries to follow on how to prepare, detect, and respond to similar outbreaks, which in turn will contribute towards Nations Branding. This research is a qualitative study mainly undertaken with content analysis of the information extracted from secondary data such as publications of the local and foreign governments, research reports from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO), magazines, newspapers, TV programmes and websites. -
Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? the Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka
Pace International Law Review Volume 33 Issue 2 Spring 2021 Article 3 May 2021 Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? The Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka Aloka Wanigasuriya University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Aloka Wanigasuriya, Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? The Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka, 33 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 219 (2021) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol33/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace International Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JUSTICE DELAYED, JUSTICE DENIED? THE SEARCH FOR ACCOUNTABILITY FOR ALLEGED WARTIME ATROCITIES COMMITTED IN SRI LANKA Aloka Wanigasuriya* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................................................... 221 II. National Action ..................................................................... 223 A. National Mechanisms............................................... 223 1. Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL) .............................................................. -
ABBN-Final.Pdf
RESTRICTED CONTENTS SERIAL 1 Page 1. Introduction 1 - 4 2. Sri Lanka Army a. Commands 5 b. Branches and Advisors 5 c. Directorates 6 - 7 d. Divisions 7 e. Brigades 7 f. Training Centres 7 - 8 g. Regiments 8 - 9 h. Static Units and Establishments 9 - 10 i. Appointments 10 - 15 j. Rank Structure - Officers 15 - 16 k. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 16 l. Courses (Local and Foreign) All Arms 16 - 18 m. Course (Local and Foreign) Specified to Arms 18 - 21 SERIAL 2 3. Reference Points a. Provinces 22 b. Districts 22 c. Important Townships 23 - 25 SERIAL 3 4. General Abbreviations 26 - 70 SERIAL 4 5. Sri Lanka Navy a. Commands 71 i RESTRICTED RESTRICTED b. Classes of Ships/ Craft (Units) 71 - 72 c. Training Centres/ Establishments and Bases 72 d. Branches (Officers) 72 e. Branches (Sailors) 73 f. Branch Identification Prefix 73 - 74 g. Rank Structure - Officers 74 h. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 74 SERIAL 5 6. Sri Lanka Air Force a. Commands 75 b. Directorates 75 c. Branches 75 - 76 d. Air Force Bases 76 e. Air Force Stations 76 f. Technical Support Formation Commands 76 g. Logistical and Administrative Support Formation Commands 77 h. Training Formation Commands 77 i. Rank Structure Officers 77 j. Rank Structure Other Ranks 78 SERIAL 6 7. Joint Services a. Commands 79 b. Training 79 ii RESTRICTED RESTRICTED INTRODUCTION USE OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS 1. The word abbreviations originated from Latin word “brevis” which means “short”. Abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms are a shortened form of group of letters taken from a word or phrase which helps to reduce time and space. -
M a Naval Officer and I'm Proud Of
Wednesday 19th January, 2011 3 e reproduce today, extracts from a consequence. Prime TV’s Round Table Celeb Yoshitha: Yes. This happened a long WChat hosted by Kumar de Silva, time ago. We were in Tangalle, and I was featuring Sub Lieutenant Yoshitha about 3. This was in 1989. There were Rajapaksa. This programme was telecast problems in the country then and we had last Monday, 10th January 2011. to face it. Kumar: When you go out, your guards Kumar: Good evening friends and a are always there, looking after you, always warm welcome to this week’s edition on with you. There is no privacy.How do you Prime TV Round Table Celeb Chat. My handle security? guest today is a young man. A very simple, Yoshitha: We have been provided with unassuming very shy young man, despite security from the government. And the fact that he comes from Sri Lanka’s although I do not like, I have no choice but first family.Today is also his maiden to live with it. appearance on local television. Please wel- Kumar: I shouldn’t be asking this come Yoshitha Rajapaksa. question but are there times that you Prime TV plays a photo montage intro- sneak out without informing security? ducing Yoshitha Rajapaksa. Yoshitha: (smiles in acknowledgment) Kumar: Good evening Yoshitha, wel- we try. come to our show Kumar: (chuckles) Yoshitha where are Yoshitha: Thank you for having me.. you most comfortable in staying? Colombo Kumar: What are your best memories or Hambantota? of your childhood? Yoshitha: Both. We went to pre-school Yoshitha: There are few good as well in Hambantota. -
Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* **
A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Advance Version Distr.: Restricted 16 September 2015 English only Human Rights Council Thirtieth session Agenda item 2 Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Report of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL)* ** * Reproduced as received ** The information contained in this document should be read in conjunction with the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights- Promoting reconciliation, accountability and human rights in Sri Lanka (A/HRC/30/61). A/HRC/30/CRP.2 Contents Paragraphs Page Part 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–13 5 II. Establishment of the OHCHR Investigation on Sri Lanka (OISL), mandate and methodology ............................................................................................................. 14–46 7 III. Contextual background ........................................................................................... 47–103 12 IV. Overview of Government, LTTE and other armed groups...................................... 104–170 22 V. Legal framework ..................................................................................................... 171–208 36 Part 2– Thematic Chapters VI. Unlawful killings ..................................................................................................... 209–325 47 VII. Violations related to the -
Report of the Secretary-General's Panel Of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA 31 March 2011 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL’S PANEL OF EXPERTS ON ACCOUNTABILITY IN SRI LANKA Executive Summary On 22 June 2010, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of a Panel of Experts to advise him on the implementation of the joint commitment included in the statement issued by the President of Sri Lanka and the Secretary-General at the conclusion of the Secretary-General’s visit to Sri Lanka on 23 March 2009. In the Joint Statement, the Secretary-General “underlined the importance of an accountability process”, and the Government of Sri Lanka agreed that it “will take measures to address those grievances”. The Panel’s mandate is to advise the Secretary- General regarding the modalities, applicable international standards and comparative experience relevant to an accountability process, having regard to the nature and scope of alleged violations of international humanitarian and human rights law during the final stages of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka. The Secretary-General appointed as members of the Panel Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), Chair; Steven Ratner (United States); and Yasmin Sooka (South Africa). The Panel formally commenced its work on 16 September 2010 and was assisted throughout by a secretariat. Framework for the Panel’s work In order to understand the accountability obligations arising from the last stages of the war, the Panel undertook an assessment of the “nature and scope of alleged violations” as required by its Terms of Reference. The Panel’s mandate however does not extend to fact- finding or investigation. -
Indian Journalist Working for the Hindu/Frontline
Sri Lanka’s War had Witnesses : Indian Journalist B. Murali Reddy Firstly Sri Lanka‟s war did have witnesses. The witnesses were however NOT – Gordon Weiss, Francis Harrison, Channel 4, the Darusman Panel, Charles Petrie and a whole list of others who have promoted themselves as witnesses when they are not because they were never inside the war zone. They were only passing between themselves a version they have contrived that fits well within a different agenda that has nothing to do with what they claim it is. Questioning their credibility further is their sources – who happen to all be pro-LTTE. However, there was a witness throughout. He was foreign and his name is B. Muralidhar Reddy, an Indian journalist working for The Hindu/Frontline and his account “Final Hours – An eyewitness account of the last 70 hours of Eelam War IV’ gives a real eyewitness account of what he himself saw. http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2612/stories/20090619261200900.htm The accusations and allegations against Sri Lanka have been pouring in and much of these allegations had been prepared in advance even before the war ended. What cannot escape anyone‟s attention is that the Indian journalist Murali Reddy was in fact the only foreign journalist who was virtually in the thick of things and remains the best witness who was able to see how the Sri Lankan military was carrying out its military operation as well as being aware of the status of civilians and their safety. None of Murali Reddy‟s breaking news sent which he admits was never wetted nor was he denied internet access carried even a word or subtly implied that the armed forces were deliberately compromising the safety of the civilians. -
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I fldgi ( ^I& fPoh - YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h - 2020'12'31 1A PART I : SEC. (I) - GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA - 31.12.2020 Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h w;s úfYI The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka EXTRAORDINARY wxl 2208$33 - 2020 foieïn¾ ui 31 jeks n%yiam;skaod - 2020'12'31 No. 2208/33 - THURSDAY, DECEMBER 31, 2020 (Published by Authority) PART I : SECTION (I) — GENERAL Proclamations & C., by the President Seal GOTABAYA RAJAPAKSA PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE ESTABLISHMENT of a Presidential Task Force for National Deployment and Vaccination Plan for COVID-19 Vaccine in accordance with the powers vested in HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT by Article 33 of the Constitution of Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. To :- 1. Lalith Weeratunga Esquire Principal Advisor to the President 2. Major General Dr. Sanjeewa Munasinghe Esquire Secretary, Ministry of Health 3. Dr. Amal Harsha de Silva Esquire Secretary, State Ministry of Primary Health Care, Epidemics and COVID Disease Control 4. K. R. Uduwawala Esquire Secretary, State Ministry of Production, Supply and Regulation of Pharmaceuticals 5. General Shavendra Silva Esquire Commander, Sri Lanka Army /Head of the COVID – 19 Task Force 6. Dr. Prasanna Gunasena Esquire Chairman, State Pharmaceuticals Corporation 7. Dr. Anuruddha Padeniya Esquire Pediatric Neurologist / President, Government Medical Officers’ Association 8. Dr. Asela Gunawardena Esquire Director General of Health Services 1A- G 33462 — 380 (01/2021) This Gazette Extraordinary can be downloaded from www.documents.gov.lk 2A I fldgi ( ^I& fPoh - YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h - 2020'12'31 PART I : SEC. -
Tamilfile Jan15.Qxd
Tamil File 16th dec - 15th Jan. - 2006 News and Events LTTE urges Norway in Tamil perspective to initiate steps to restore normalcy oting that the Tamil people have been highly pertubed over the brutal rape and the murder of Tharshini NIlayathamby in Punguduthivu, and the military-unleashed violence on the peaceful demonstration where the Vice Chancellor of the Jaffna Univeristy was attacked and a lecturer was shot, has created "tension, panic and uncontrollable civilian unrest," the Political Head of the Liberation Tigers, Mr. S.P.Thamilchelvan has called for meaningful steps on the part of the Norwegian facilitators and the International Community in a letter addressed to the Norwegian Ambassador, Mr. Hans Brattskar on Wednesday. "The international community has a moral obligation to prevail upon the government to pull back its forces into the barracks and bring about normalcy in the life of the peace loving people," the LTTE Political Head has told the Norwegian Ambassador. Assassination is a Blow to the Peace Process - Tamil National Alliance - The Tamil National Alliance (TNA) accused the Sri Lankan state for the assassination of Mr. Joseph Pararajasingham. TNA said that the assassination raises serious doubts in regard to the genuineness of the Government's commitment to the honest and purposeful pursuit of the peace process. "We consider it our duty to point out that the assassination of Mr. Pararajasingham, a Tamil leader unequivocally committed to the resolution of the Tamil question by peaceful means is a serious blow to the credibility of the peace process," the Leaders of the Tamil Parliamentary alliance said. -
CPJ’S Impunity Index for the Killing of Journalists
Fact Sheet Report: Increased Attacks on Journalists in Sri Lanka & Continuing Impunity On February 9, 2021 the Center for Justice and Accountability released a report on the current crisis of impunity for violence against journalists in Sri Lanka, with input from the Committee to Protect Journalists. A decade ago, the Sri Lankan government under President Mahinda Rajapaksa undertook a systematic and deadly campaign to silence journalists and repress freedom of expression. In 2014, Sri Lanka ranked among the top ten countries on CPJ’s impunity index for the killing of journalists. Today, impunity for those attacks has given rise to a new wave of repression under the new administration of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. Human rights and freedom of expression are again rapidly deteriorating: individuals investigating attacks on journalists in Sri Lanka have been arrested or forced to flee the country, and journalists are again forced to choose between exile and self-censorship. The Human Rights Council, set to convene this month, has the opportunity to vote on a new resolution to promote accountability and take action to ensure greater protection of journalists in Sri Lanka. Ongoing Impunity in Sri Lanka for State Sponsored Violence Against Journalists ● From 2005 to 2015, Mahinda Rajapaksa’s administration launched an assault on the free press, targeting journalists critical of the government and its security forces. The Ministry of Defense, led by then-Secretary of Defense Gotabaya Rajapaksa, implemented this campaign through its “white van commandos,” a team of special operatives that used white vans to kidnap and murder journalists, and the “Tripoli Platoon,” a clandestine unit within the Military Intelligence Division that surveilled and attacked journalists. -
The Sri Lankan Insurgency: a Rebalancing of the Orthodox Position
THE SRI LANKAN INSURGENCY: A REBALANCING OF THE ORTHODOX POSITION A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Peter Stafford Roberts Department of Politics and History, Brunel University April 2016 Abstract The insurgency in Sri Lanka between the early 1980s and 2009 is the topic of this study, one that is of great interest to scholars studying war in the modern era. It is an example of a revolutionary war in which the total defeat of the insurgents was a decisive conclusion, achieved without allowing them any form of political access to governance over the disputed territory after the conflict. Current literature on the conflict examines it from a single (government) viewpoint – deriving false conclusions as a result. This research integrates exciting new evidence from the Tamil (insurgent) side and as such is the first balanced, comprehensive account of the conflict. The resultant history allows readers to re- frame the key variables that determined the outcome, concluding that the leadership and decision-making dynamic within the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had far greater impact than has previously been allowed for. The new evidence takes the form of interviews with participants from both sides of the conflict, Sri Lankan military documentation, foreign intelligence assessments and diplomatic communiqués between governments, referencing these against the current literature on counter-insurgency, notably the social-institutional study of insurgencies by Paul Staniland. It concludes that orthodox views of the conflict need to be reshaped into a new methodology that focuses on leadership performance and away from a timeline based on periods of major combat. -
SRI LANKA Rape in Custody
SRI LANKA Rape in custody TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................. 1 Rape - a common human rights violation ..................................................... 3 The crime of rape and its prohibition in law ................................................... 4 Preventive measures and remedies against rape: their strengths and weaknesses .................. 6 Why criminal investigations into rape remain unsuccessful ..................................... 7 Conclusions and recommendations .......................................................... 9 Appendix 1: Some recent reports of rape in custody ........................................... 12 Appendix 2: Subjects of concern and recommendations of the Committee against Torture .......... 16 SRI LANKA Rape in custody Introduction Sinnathamby Sivamany (aged 24) and Ehamparam Wijikala (aged 22), two Tamil women internally displaced by the ongoing armed conflict in the north and east of Sri Lanka, were arrested by members of the navy in the coastal city of Mannar on 19 March 2001. They were subsequently raped by navy personnel and members of the Special Investigation Unit (SIU) of the police at the office of the Counter-Subversive Unit (CSU) of the police along Pallimunai Road, approximately 500 metres outside Mannar town. Ehamparam Wijikala’s partner and the 6-year-old son of Sinnathamby Sivamany were also taken into custody. They were all taken to the CSU office in a white van. Ehamparam Wijikala, in a petition to the Supreme Court, alleges that she and her partner were taken inside the CSU office. Her partner was locked in a cell, she was taken into a separate room. The Officer-in-Charge (OIC) was also there in the room. He asked her to sit on the floor and she complied. The OIC then asked a male police officer named Rajah to bring a piece of cloth.