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RESTRICTED CONTENTS SERIAL 1 Page 1. Introduction 1 - 4 2. Sri Lanka Army a. Commands 5 b. Branches and Advisors 5 c. Directorates 6 - 7 d. Divisions 7 e. Brigades 7 f. Training Centres 7 - 8 g. Regiments 8 - 9 h. Static Units and Establishments 9 - 10 i. Appointments 10 - 15 j. Rank Structure - Officers 15 - 16 k. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 16 l. Courses (Local and Foreign) All Arms 16 - 18 m. Course (Local and Foreign) Specified to Arms 18 - 21 SERIAL 2 3. Reference Points a. Provinces 22 b. Districts 22 c. Important Townships 23 - 25 SERIAL 3 4. General Abbreviations 26 - 70 SERIAL 4 5. Sri Lanka Navy a. Commands 71 i RESTRICTED RESTRICTED b. Classes of Ships/ Craft (Units) 71 - 72 c. Training Centres/ Establishments and Bases 72 d. Branches (Officers) 72 e. Branches (Sailors) 73 f. Branch Identification Prefix 73 - 74 g. Rank Structure - Officers 74 h. Rank Structure - Other Ranks 74 SERIAL 5 6. Sri Lanka Air Force a. Commands 75 b. Directorates 75 c. Branches 75 - 76 d. Air Force Bases 76 e. Air Force Stations 76 f. Technical Support Formation Commands 76 g. Logistical and Administrative Support Formation Commands 77 h. Training Formation Commands 77 i. Rank Structure Officers 77 j. Rank Structure Other Ranks 78 SERIAL 6 7. Joint Services a. Commands 79 b. Training 79 ii RESTRICTED RESTRICTED INTRODUCTION USE OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS 1. The word abbreviations originated from Latin word “brevis” which means “short”. Abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms are a shortened form of group of letters taken from a word or phrase which helps to reduce time and space. A phrase is an expression consisting of two or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence. The use of an appropriate abbreviation, acronym or initialism by the originator at the correct place in correspondence is a compulsion to avoid miscommunication and misinterpretation to the receiver. 2. In strict analysis, abbreviations should not be confused with contractions, acronyms or initialisms, with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all four are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in loose parlance. An abbreviation could be made by any method; a contraction of a word by omitting certain letters or syllables and bringing together the first and last letters or elements or by omitting certain portions from the interior or by cutting off a part. A contraction is an abbreviation, but an abbreviation is not necessarily a contraction. The following guiding rules are to be followed: a. No sentence shall commence with an abbreviation and to be consistent throughout the document. b. Do not use punctuations in or after abbreviations except when it is part of normal sentence punctuation. For example: ‘eg:’ for ‘eg’ c. Abbreviations for most units of measurement remain unaltered in the plural form. For example: ‘min’ depicts both minute and minutes and ‘kg’ depicts both singular and plural form. d. Some abbreviations indicate both the singular and the plural forms and do not require the addition of ‘s’. e. An apostrophe could be used even with an abbreviation to indicate possession. For example: offrs’ mess. f. Names of locations/ towns should be abbreviated as per an accepted list of abbreviations and all other to be written in full. However, new abbreviations could be introduced by the Originator depending on the requirement and use them in the text. 1 RESTRICTED RESTRICTED g. Any composite noun or one containing a prefix or suffix is to be abbreviated by abbreviating the part for which there is an authorized abbreviation; example: ‘mob’ (mobilization) ‘demob’ (demobilization). h. Abbreviate terms used with numbers. For example: 101 BC, AD 1212. i. The following rules shall be adhered to when using block capitals: (1) Abbreviations composed of initial letters of words (or acronyms and initialisms) are to be written in block capitals; for example: ‘ATC’ for Air Traffic Control. (2) Abbreviations consisting of shortened version of a full word or words are to be written in block capitals, with initial capitals or in small letters according to the relevant context, such as: (a) Abbreviated words as a main or group heading. For examples: RECCE REP, OFFR. (b) Abbreviated words as a paragraph heading. For examples: Recce Rep, Offr. (c) Abbreviated words in the text of a paragraph. As examples: recce rep, offr. (3) Abbreviations for all ‘ranks’ are to be written with initial capitals, irrespective of the context. For example: Lieutenant Colonel Silva as Lt Col Silva, Flight Lieutenant as Flt Lt and Sub Lieutenant as SLt (without a space). (4) When a number of words in conjunction are abbreviated, the first letter of the abbreviated word will be written in capital. If prepositions, conjunctions, definite and indefinite articles are used in between these words; the first letter may or may not be in capital as appropriate. For example: Chief of Staff as COS, Centre of Gravity as COG and Commander in Chief as C in C. 3. The Difference between Acronyms and Abbreviations. An acronym is an abbreviated word formed by using the initial component letters of another name, word, or phrase. Acronyms are pronounced as if they are a word themselves, as a rule. Shortened word components can be used as individual letters such as in 2 RESTRICTED RESTRICTED UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund). If prepositions, conjunctions, definite and indefinite articles are used in between the words that form an acronym; the first letter of such words are also in block capitals. For example: Airborne Warning and Control System as AWACS. 4. An initialism is a shortened form of words or phrase pronounced as a series of letters. The first letter of each word in a phrase would form an initialism. But all initialisms are not acronyms. Writing initialisms in communication can save a lot of time and keep documents from sounding repetitive and lengthy. Further refrain from using the same word or phrase many times throughout the same piece of writing. An example would be ‘WHO’ which stands for World Health Organization. 5. The following guiding rules shall be followed when using acronyms and initialisms: a. Acronyms should only be used for words or phrases that are repeated a number of times throughout a document. b. Written in uppercase. c. Avoid using unfamiliar acronyms in general and especially not in introductory paragraph. d. Full stop (periods) are not required in contemporary acronyms. e. As a general rule of thumb, write out the full name when it is initially written and then follow that by writing the acronym in brackets (parenthesis) and repeat the bracket form if it is used again. f. There is no need to write an explanation of most familiar or popular acronyms since they are assumed to be recognized by the readers. g. Use the sound of the acronym to determine which article precedes the vowel ('an' in place of 'a' such as in 'a Unicef’ issue') because nouns require articles written before them. h. It is rarely necessary to use the word 'the' before most acronyms when they are pronounced as words. 6. When two or more words in conjunction are abbreviated which is not as an acronym or initialism and forms a pronounceable word, it should be written in uppercase. For examples: Casualty Evacuation as CASEVAC and Civil Military Corporation as CIMIC. Further, abbreviations leading to confusions shall be avoided at the discretion of the originator. For example: using of abbreviation ‘No’ for number will create confusion with English word ‘no’ in a paragraph. 3 RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 7. This manual encompasses the abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms which are unique to the Army formed under following serials: a. Serial 1. Commands, Branches, Directorates, Divisions, Brigades, Training Centres, Regiment, Static Units and Establishments, Appointments, Rank Structures and Local/ Foreign Courses. b. Serial 2. Provinces, Districts and Important Townships. c. Serial 3. General abbreviations in alphabetical order. d. Serial 4. Commands, Classes of Ships/ Crafts (Units), Training Centres/ Establishments and Bases, Branches and Rank Structures of the Sri Lanka Navy. e. Serial 5. Commands, Directorates, Branches, Bases, Stations, Formation Commands, Logistical and Administrative Support Formations, Training Formation Commands and Rank Structures of the Sri Lanka Air Force. f. Serial 6. Joint Command and Training Establishments. 4 RESTRICTED RESTRICTED ABBREVIATIONS SERIAL 1 SRI LANKA ARMY 1. Commands. Army Headquarters AHQ Sri Lanka Army Volunteer Force SLAVF Security Forces Headquarters (Jaffna) SFHQ (J) Security Forces Headquarters (Wanni) SFHQ (W) Security Forces Headquarters (East) SFHQ (E) Security Forces Headquarters (Kilinochchi) SFHQ (KLN) Security Forces Headquarters (Mullaitivu) SFHQ (MLT) Security Forces Headquarters (West) SFHQ (West) Security Forces Headquarters (Central) SFHQ (Cen) Army Training Command ARTRAC Logistics Command Log Comd Forward Maintenance Area (North) FMA (N) Forward Maintenance Area (North Central) FMA (NC) Forward Maintenance Area (East) FMA (E) Forward Maintenance Area (Kilinochchi) FMA (KLN) Forward Maintenance Area (Mullaitivu) FMA (MLT) 2. Branches and Advisors. Commander's Secretariat Comd Sec Military Secretary's Branch MS Br General Staff Branch GS Br Financial Management Branch FM Br Adjutant General's Branch AG Br Quarter Master General's Branch QMG Br Master General Ordnance Branch MGO Br Office of Director General Infantry Office of DG Inf Headquarters Chief Field Engineer HQ CFE Headquarters