DOCSLIB.ORG

Report 66 ‐ Mountains2montreal – July 26, 2011

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report 66 ‐ Mountains2montreal – July 26, 2011 Report 66 ‐ mountains2montreal – July 26, 2011 Canoe trip of 4,500 km from Saskatchewan River Crossing Alberta to Montreal – 130 days estimated duration. After Day 86 – July 2, 2011 • Last reported SPOT location ‐ July 24 @ 17.09 PDT (48.10331/90.4449) – camped on the Canadian side of La Verendrye Provincial Park on South Lake. • Estimated distance traveled since their last report July 16 ‐ 27 km. • Distance traveled since start May 1 – 3,281km (estimated). • Distance to Montreal ‐ 1,219 km (estimated). Notes 1. Big day yesterday that m2m crossed the “Height of Land” Portage moving from the Nelson Watershed (Hudson Bay) and started the move doWnhill into the St. LaWrence River basin. 2. M2M group continued Working their Way along the Ontario/Minnesota border yesterday. 3. Weather – good yesterday – generally good ahead With a chance of thunderstorms on Wednesday. 4. I spoke With Katie Rosenberg yesterday neWly returned from m2m creW change last Friday – she reports everything is fine – the guys are in good spirits and Working Well as a team – sloW progress thru Quetico Park – lots of Wind falls required advance clearing many of the portages prior to passage – some days 6 to 7 portages ranging from short to 900 m – very rough terrain required the guys to carry the 225 pound canoe most of the time on their shoulders – a fuller report Will folloW later this Week. 5. Next planned re‐supply/communications location is Thunder Bay With a projected arrival August 1 or 2 ‐ estimated distance – 250 km. 6. No or minimal communication expected until Thunder Bay. 7. Last blog posting from the m2m voyageurs July 6 ‐ http://WWW.mountains2montreal.ca 8. Backgrounder today on La Verendrye, one of Canada’s great but least knoWn explorers Who opened up the area West of Lake Superior adding neW territory to the Great Lakes based French holdings in North America. He reached West as far as North Dakota and the upper Missouri River. Weather Details Source: Environment Canada 1 M2M – Distance Traveled Since Last Report July 25 ‐27 km. Source: Natural Resources Canada – The Atlas of Canada Close Up of Last Night’s Camp Site Source: Natural Resources Canada – The Atlas of Canada 2 Height of Land Portage – On the Left Hand Side Source: SPOT and Google Maps Regional Locator Map Source: SPOT and Google Maps Backgrounder – Pierre La Verendrye Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (November 17, 1685 – December 5, 1749) Was a French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer. In the 1730s he and his four sons opened up the area West of Lake Superior and thus began the process that added Western Canada to the original NeW France in the Saint LaWrence basin. He Was also the first European to reach North Dakota and the upper 3 Missouri River. In the 1740s tWo of his sons crossed the prairie as far at Wyoming and Were the first Europeans to see the Rocky Mountains. Early life Born in Trois‐Rivières, Quebec, Pierre Was the youngest son of René Gaultier de Varennes, Who came to Canada as a soldier in 1665, and Marie, the daughter of Pierre Boucher, the first Governor of Trois‐ Rivières. The Gaultier family Were minor nobility or landoWners and came from the Anjou area of France. Varennes and La Verendrye Were tWo of their estates. Pierre's father died When he Was four and he Was educated at the Jesuit seminary in Quebec. At the age of 14 he received a cadet’s commission in the colonial regulars. In 1704 and 1705 he took part in Queen Anne's War and Was present at the Raid on Deerfield. This involved a 300‐mile journey through the Wilderness to attack the inhabitants of a sleeping village. The next year he participated in an unsuccessful attack on Saint Johns, NeWfoundland. At 22 years of age, he enlisted in the French Army, fought in Flanders during the War of the Spanish Succession and Was seriously Wounded at the Battle of Malplaquet. After recovering from his injuries and being paroled as a prisoner of War, Gaultier returned to Canada and married in 1712. For the next 15 years he supported his family by farming and trading in furs along the Saint LaWrence. By 1726 he Was in his early 40s and had accomplished little of note. Explorations In 1726 his fortunes changed When his brother Jacques‐René Was appointed commander of the poste du Nord. This Was the north shore of Lake Superior With three main posts: Fort Kaministiquia Which became the start of the main route West; a post at the mouth of the Nipigon River and one near WaWa, Ontario Which had river connections to James Bay. Pierre began trading in the area and in 1728 became commandant When his brother left to fight the Fox Indians. Jean Bailleul's Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye sculpture in front of Parliament Building (Quebec) 4 Here he became involved With the quest for a route to the Pacific. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht had given Hudson Bay to the English and thereby blocked the French from any possible northWest passage. At this time it Was thought that not far to the West Was an inlet from the Pacific called the mer du couchant similar to the equally mythical Strait of Annian. Further it Was thought that one could cross the height of land and find a River of the West that floWed into the Pacific. (For the area to be explored see Canadian canoe routes (early)#Nelson River basin). It is likely that some coureurs des bois had been West of Lake Superior Without leaving records. In 1688 Jacques de Noyon had reached Rainy Lake. In 1699 Pierre‐Charles Le Sueur reached the upper Mississippi from the south Without making contact With Canada. In 1717 Zacharie Robutel de La Noue tried to reach Rainy Lake but Was blocked by the Indians and only succeeded in establishing Fort Kaministiquia. In 1727 René Boucher de La Perrière and Michel Guignas established a post at Lake Pepin on the upper Mississippi. La Vérendrye questioned the Indians Who came to trade. He learned of the Mandan country on the upper Missouri. These people Were described as White men Who lived in big houses. A Cree guide, Auchagah, made a map of the canoe routes betWeen Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg based on his and other Cree experience.[1] La Varendrye judged correctly that Lake Winnipeg Was the geographic key Which must be reached to alloW further exploration. In 1730 he met Governor Beauharnois at Quebec and Worked out a plan. La Verendrye Would build a post on Lake Winnipeg. The expedition Would be paid for by Quebec merchants Who hoped to profit from the resulting fur trade. This method of finance later caused problems because the merchants lacked the capital and organization to efficiently move supplies so far to the West. An additional goal Was to divert furs aWay from the English on Hudson Bay. In the absence of government funds the fur trade Was necessary to pay for the exploration. It is not clear Whether La Verendrye Was genuinely interested in exploration or Whether exploration Was a pretext for expansion of the fur trade. Maurepas, the French Minister of Marine, Was very interested in exploration, but Would not provide funds. The French‐ Canadians, naturally, Were interested in the fur trade. In 1731 La Verendrye, three of his sons and 50 engagés left Montreal. That autumn his son Jean‐Baptiste built Fort St. Pierre on Rainy Lake. Next year they built Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods Which became his headquarters for the next several years. In 1733 Jean‐Baptiste got Within 20 miles of Lake Winnipeg, but Was blocked by ice and lack of supplies. In 1734 Lake Winnipeg Was reached and Jean‐ Baptiste built Fort Maurepas (Canada) near the mouth of the Red River at the southern end of the lake. In 1734 La Verendrye Went to Quebec to reorganize the finances and returned the folloWing spring. In 1735 over half the beaver pelts reaching Quebec came from La Verenedrye's posts. By 1736 it Was clear that the supply system Was not Working and Jean‐Baptiste Was forced to go to Lake Superior for supplies. He and eighteen other Frenchmen Were killed by the Sioux at a place called Murder Island on Lake of the Woods. La Verendrye restrained the local Cree from a War of revenge in order to protect the fur trade. In 1737 La Verendrye returned to Quebec on business. 5 Map of canoe routes West of Lake Superior, draWn by Auchagah for La Vérendrye in 1728 or 1729. It shoWs the tWo routes from Lake Superior (Grand Portage and Kaministiquia River) and exaggerated Lake of the Woods and a distorted Lake Winnipeg In Paris Maurepas Was pushing for more exploration. By this time there Were tWo candidates for the 'River of the West'. The correct one Was the SaskatcheWan River Which floWs east into Lake Winnipeg. The other Was the Missouri River in the Mandan country in What is noW North Dakota. The Mandans Were said to live in big houses and resemble Frenchmen. La Verendrye picked the Missouri. In September 1738 he reached Fort Maurepas on Lake Winnipeg and ascended the Assiniboine River to Portage La Prairie Where he built Fort La Reine just south of Lake Manitoba (October 1738). Joining a large band of Assiniboins, he pushed southWest across the prairie and reached a Mandan village probably someWhere near the modern NeW ToWn, North Dakota about 70 miles east of the Montana border.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 19Th Century Acadian House
    2015 HISTORY WALK 1914 Main Street19th - Photo Century courtesy of AcadianLouis J. Perret, House Clerk of Courts, Lafayette Parish Poché Prouet Associates, Ltd. Renaissance Market Thomas R. Hightower, Jr. A Professional Law Corporation Sarah Jayde Combeaux We are grateful each and every time you Joel Breaux BroDesign Poupart Bakery Inc. Theriot Design Group, LLC Lafayette Preservation Festival and History Walk Saturday, May 9, 2015 History of the Development of Downtown Lafayette Drawing is circa 1918, by J. N. Marchand. It was a gift to The Historic New Orleans Collection by Mary Alma Riess. 2008.0242.3.3 The Early Years - A Background The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Panfilo de Narváez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. The French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle named the region Louisiana in 1682 to honor France’s King Louis XIV. The first permanent settlement, Fort Maurepas (at what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near Biloxi), was founded in 1699 by Pierre PageLe Moyne d’Iberville, a French military officerSans from Souci BuildingCanada. Most of Louisiana West of the Mississippi River became a possession of Spain in 1763. In 1800, France’s Napoleon Bonaparte reacquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, an arrangement kept secret for some two years. Finally, Louisiana became part of the United States following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The area we know now as Lafayette Parish was part of the plains area called the Attakapas region that included present-day St. Landry, St. Martin, Acadia, Vermilion, Iberia and Lafayette Parishes.
    [Show full text]
  • La Vérendrye and His Sons After 1743 Is Anti‐Climactric
    La Verendrye and His Sons The Search for the Western Sea Above: The Brothers La Vérendrye in sight of the western mountains, News Year’s Day 1743. By C.W. Jeffery’s. Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de la Vérendrye, and his sons were the last important explorers during the French regime in Canada. Like many of their predecessors, they pushed westward in spite of lack of support from the king or his officials in Quebec, and in spite of the selfishness and greed of the merchants, who equipped their expeditions only to take all of the large profits of the fur trade made possible by energetic exploration. La Vérendrye was born on November 17, 1685, in the settlements of Three Rivers, where his father was governor. *1 He entered the army as a cadet in 1697. In 1704 he took part in a raid upon Deerfield, a settlement in the British colony of Massachusetts, and in 1705 he fought under Subercase when a French force raided St. John’s, Newfoundland. In 1707 La Vérendrye went to Europe and served with a regiment in Flanders against the English under the Duke of Marlborough. At the battle of Malplaquet (1710) he was wounded several times. Upon his recovery he was promoted to lieutenant, and in 1711 returned to Canada. For several years La Vérendrye served in the colonial forces. In 1712 he married and settled on the island of Dupas, near Three Rivers. There his four sons were born – Jean‐Baptiste, Pierre, Francois, and Louis‐Joseph. In 1726 La Vérendrye received the command of a trading post on Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superior.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Shell Study Guide and Timeline
    Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Ofce of Public Instruction Division of Indian Education Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Written by Dr. Nicholas Vrooman Published by the Montana Ofce of Public Instruction 2015 Table of Contents Overview 1 Content Standards Connections 2 Conceptual Framework 3 Summation of “One Robe” Synopsis 4 Student Activities 5 #1 Getting to Know the Book 5 #2 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 1 Activity 7 #3 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 2 Activity 8 #4 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 3 Activity 9 Exhibit #1 10 Exhibit #2 10 “One Robe” detailed Synopsis 13 Preface 13 Introduction 14 The Context 16 Traditional Historic Homeland 17 The Nehiyaw Pwat 19 Conclusion 20 Chronology of Little Shell Tribe History in Montana 23 Primary Source Materials 58 Exhibit #1 58 Exhibit #2 59 Notes 60 A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Overview Note: The terms Aboriginal, American Indian, Indian, Indigenous and Native American are used throughout this guide when referring to issues that impact all Indian Nations/Peoples. Please accept, with our compliments, this study guide designed to accompany the Montana Tribal Histories Project book, “The Whole Country was . ‘One Robe’”: The Little Shell Tribe’s America. The “One Robe” book is about the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana, a disfranchised society of indigenous North Americans known as “Landless Indians.” But, more fully and accurately, this book is about those Aboriginal peoples who live along what became the Canada and United States border between Lake of the Woods (MN) and the Rocky Mountains (MT) who did not ft as part of either national project in the reconfguration of the North American West.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Regime in Wisconsin. 1 the French Regime in Wisconsin — III
    Library of Congress The French regime in Wisconsin. 1 The French Regime in Wisconsin — III 1743: SIOUX INSTIGATE REBELLION; NEWS FROM ILLINOIS [Letter from the French minister1 to Beauharnois, dated May 31, 1743. MS. in Archives Coloniales, Paris; pressmark, “Amérique, serie B, Canada, vol. 76, fol. 100.”] 1 From 1723–49, the minister of the marine (which included the bureau of the colonies), was Jean Freédeéric Phelypeaux, Comte de Maurepas.— Ed. Versailles , May 31, 1743. Monsieur —The report you made me in 1741 respecting what had passed between the Scioux and Renard Savages2 having led me to suspect that both would seek to join together, I wrote you in my despatch of April 20th of last year to neglect nothing to prevent so dangerous a union. Such suspicions are only too fully justified. In fact I see by a letter from Monsieur de Bienville,3 dated February 4th last, that the Sieur de Bertet, major commanding at Illinois4 has informed him that the voyageurs who had arrived from Canada the previous autumn had reported to him that the Scioux, not content with having broken the peace they themselves had gone to ask of you, had also induced the Renards to join them in a fresh attempt against the French, and that the Sakis not wishing to take part in this league had wholly separated themselves from the other tribes. 1 2 See Wis. Hist. Colls., xvii, pp. 360–363.— Ed. 3 For a brief sketch of Bienville, see Ibid., p. 150, note 1.— Ed. 4 For this officer see Ibid., p.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.0 Native Land Use - Historical Period
    2.0 NATIVE LAND USE - HISTORICAL PERIOD The first French explorers arrived in the Red River valley during the early 1730s. Their travels and encounters with the aboriginal populations were recorded in diaries and plotted on maps, and with that, recorded history began for the region known now as the Lake Winnipeg and Red River basins. Native Movements Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye records that there were three distinct groups present in this region during the 1730s and 1740s: the Cree, the Assiniboine, and the Sioux. The Cree were largely occupying the boreal forest areas of what is now northern and central Manitoba. The Assiniboine were living and hunting along the parkland transitional zone, particularly the ‘lower’ Red River and Assiniboine River valleys. The Sioux lived on the open plains in the region of the upper Red River valley, and west of the Red River in upper reaches of the Mississippi water system. Approximately 75 years later, when the first contingent of Selkirk Settlers arrived in 1812, the Assiniboine had completely vacated eastern Manitoba and moved off to the west and southwest, allowing the Ojibwa, or Saulteaux, to move in from the Lake of the Woods and Lake Superior regions. Farther to the south in the United States, the Ojibwa or Chippewa also had migrated westward, and had settled in the Red Lake region of what is now north central Minnesota. By this time some of the Sioux had given up the wooded eastern portions of their territory and dwelt exclusively on the open prairie west of the Red and south of the Pembina River.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Guide. Grade 8. Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Bato
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 296 931 SO 019 166 TITLE Acadians of Louisiana: Curriculum Guide. Grade 8. Bulletin 1780. INSTITUTION Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Academic Programs. PUB DATE [873 NOTE 237p.; Acadian Odyssey Bicentennial Commission and the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana co-sponsored the development of this publication. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Course Content; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Background; *Cultural Education; Cultural Influences; Curriculum Development; Folk Culture; *Grade 8; History; History Instruction; Information Sources; Instructional Materials; Junior High Schools; Learning Activities; Program Content; Resource Units; *Social Studies; State Curriculum Guides; *State History; State Programs; Units of Study IDENTIFIERS *Acadians; Cajuns; *Louisiana ABSTRACT This document, a supplement to the "Louisiana Studies Curriculum Guide," was designed to enhance junior high school students' appreciation for the Acadian settlers impact on Louisiana history and culture. A course outline presents four units of study that include: (1) early history; (2) life in Louisiana; (3) social and cultural life; and (4) the evolving and modern Cajuns. Each unit is divided into specific sections that contain: (1) generalization, concept, and learner outcome statements; (2) a content outline; and (3) suggested activities. A 50-item bibliography and glossary of terms are provided. Appendices include: (1) a suggested teaching timetable; (2) a teacher's reference entitled, "Louisiana French Heritage"; (3) student handouts; (4) maps; (5) Acadian music and dances; (6) suggested French language learning objectives and activities; (7) an overview of Louisiana French oral literature; (8) an exploration of the role and history of Cajun music in Louisiana French society; and (9) a selected collection of Acadian recipes.
    [Show full text]
  • Settlement Succession in Eastern French Louisiana. William Bernard Knipmeyer Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1956 Settlement Succession in Eastern French Louisiana. William Bernard Knipmeyer Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Knipmeyer, William Bernard, "Settlement Succession in Eastern French Louisiana." (1956). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 172. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/172 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SETTLEMENT SUCCESSION IN EASTERN FRENCH LOUISIANA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department~of Geography and Anthropology by-. William B* Knipmeyer B. S., Louisiana State University, 1947 August, 1956 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Field investigations for a period of three months were accomplished as a part of the Office of Naval Research Project N 7 ONR 35606, under the direction of Prof. Fred B. Kniffen, Head of the Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University. Sincere appreciation is acknowledged for the guidance and assistance of Prof. Kniffen. Information pertaining to similar problems in other parts of the state was generously given by Martin Wright and James W. Taylor. The manuscript was critically read by Professors Robert C. West, William G. Haag, and John II.
    [Show full text]
  • How Scientifijic Instruments Have Changed Hands
    How Scientifijic Instruments Have Changed Hands Edited by A. D. Morrison-Low, Sara J. Schechner & Paolo Brenni LEIDEN | BOSTON For use by the Author only | © 2017 Koninklijke Brill NV Contents Preface vii A. D. Morrison-Low, Sara J. Schechner and Paolo Brenni List of Illustrations ix Notes on Contributors xvi Colour Plates xix 1 Symbiosis and Style: The Production, Sale and Purchase of Instruments in the Luxury Markets of Eighteenth-century London 1 Alexi Baker 2 Selling by the Book: British Scientifijic Trade Literature after 1800 21 Joshua Nall and Liba Taub 3 The Gentle Art of Persuasion: Advertising Instruments during Britain’s Industrial Revolution 43 A. D. Morrison-Low 4 Some Considerations about the Prices of Physics Instruments in the Nineteenth Century 57 Paolo Brenni 5 Mathematical Instruments Changing Hands at World’s Fairs, 1851–1904 88 Peggy Aldrich Kidwell 6 Connections between the Instrument-making Trades in Great Britain and Ireland and the North American Continent 104 Gloria Clifton 7 European Pocket Sundials for Colonial Use in American Territories 119 Sara J. Schechner 8 Selling Mathematical Instruments in America before the Printed Trade Catalogue 171 Richard L. Kremer For use by the Author only | © 2017 Koninklijke Brill NV vi contents 9 Trade in Medical Instruments and Colonialist Policies between Mexico and Europe in the Nineteenth Century 212 Laura Cházaro General Index 227 For use by the Author only | © 2017 Koninklijke Brill NV Chapter 7 European Pocket Sundials for Colonial Use in American Territories Sara J. Schechner* Introduction The fijirst portable sundials brought to the Americas by European explorers and settlers were not made explicitly for use in those vast and wild lands, but were adapted for the purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • The Meaning of Mount Mckay: Anemki-Waucheau and Settler Colonial Reterritorialization in Thunder Bay, Ontario
    The Meaning of Mount McKay: Anemki-waucheau and Settler Colonial Reterritorialization in Thunder Bay, Ontario TRAVIS HAY* This article interrogates the settler colonial history of Thunder Bay through place names and argues that gendered forms of anti-Indigenous violence are part of the city’s social architecture. Between 1860 and 1910, settlers produced vast amounts of wealth and built a local industrial economy founded upon land-based resources such as silver, timber, and shale; at the same time, settlers forcefully relocated Anishnaabe peoples to multiple reserve sites, prevented them from participating in the emergent industrial economy, and used their sacred mountain as a quarry for brick-making and as a stop-butt for a settler rifle range. The article deploys the concept of settler colonial reterritorialization to critique the ways in which this history has been sanctioned and celebrated through local place names such as Mount McKay, Fort William, Port Arthur, and Simpson Street. Ultimately, I show that the material violence of enfolding the land and its resources into an exploitative and exclusive settler colonial economy emerged in tandem with the power to name the land in honour of white men who played primary roles in that very violent historical process. Le présent article étudie l’histoire du colonialisme de peuplement à Thunder Bay sous l’angle des noms de lieux et soutient que les formes sexospécifiques de violence anti-autochtone font partie de la structure sociale de la ville. Entre 1860 et 1910, les colons ont produit de grandes quantités de richesses et ont développé une économie industrielle locale tirée des ressources de la terre telles que l’argent, le bois et le schiste.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 European Colonization in Mississippi
    6 EUROPEAN COLONIZATION IN MISSISSIPPI1 JACK D. ELLIOTT, JR. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to identify the cultural resources of Mississippi pertaining to the Period of European Colonization. The cultural resources include both sites and buildings. The term “sites” is the more inclusive of the two terms. Sites are the places at which past activities occurred and consequently include sites on which are located historic building, sites with archaeological remains, and even sites which were the scenes of past activities, yet at which there are no extant physical remains other than the physical landscape, associated with those events. The Period of European Colonization is separated from the preceding Period of European Exploration by the beginning of permanent European settlement. Permanent settlement is particularly important for the aspect of historic preservation programs that deal with Euro-American culture in that it marks the inception of a time period in which we first find significant numbers of sites and other remains of occupation. Prior to the beginning of permanent European settlement in Mississippi the European presence was confined to merely sporadic expeditions and wanderers that seldomed on the same site for more than a season at most. Such sites have typically been difficult if not impossible to identify. It has only been with the inception of permanent European settlement that we first have settlements that were sufficiently permanent that they can be identified through maps, written sources, and archaeological remains. Consequently, the distinction between the periods of exploration and colonization is more fundamental than that between the period of colonization and the succeeding periods under American jurisdiction.
    [Show full text]
  • Provincial Plaques Across Ontario
    An inventory of provincial plaques across Ontario Last updated: May 25, 2021 An inventory of provincial plaques across Ontario Title Plaque text Location County/District/ Latitude Longitude Municipality "Canada First" Movement, Canada First was the name and slogan of a patriotic movement that At the entrance to the Greater Toronto Area, City of 43.6493473 -79.3802768 The originated in Ottawa in 1868. By 1874, the group was based in Toronto and National Club, 303 Bay Toronto (District), City of had founded the National Club as its headquarters. Street, Toronto Toronto "Cariboo" Cameron 1820- Born in this township, John Angus "Cariboo" Cameron married Margaret On the grounds of his former Eastern Ontario, United 45.05601541 -74.56770762 1888 Sophia Groves in 1860. Accompanied by his wife and daughter, he went to home, Fairfield, which now Counties of Stormont, British Columbia in 1862 to prospect in the Cariboo gold fields. That year at houses Legionaries of Christ, Dundas and Glengarry, Williams Creek he struck a rich gold deposit. While there his wife died of County Road 2 and County Township of South Glengarry typhoid fever and, in order to fulfil her dying wish to be buried at home, he Road 27, west of transported her body in an alcohol-filled coffin some 8,600 miles by sea via Summerstown the Isthmus of Panama to Cornwall. She is buried in the nearby Salem Church cemetery. Cameron built this house, "Fairfield", in 1865, and in 1886 returned to the B.C. gold fields. He is buried near Barkerville, B.C. "Colored Corps" 1812-1815, Anxious to preserve their freedom and prove their loyalty to Britain, people of On Queenston Heights, near Niagara Falls and Region, 43.160132 -79.053059 The African descent living in Niagara offered to raise their own militia unit in 1812.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Portage National Monument AND/OR COMMON
    Form No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS | NAME HISTORIC Grand Portage National Monument AND/OR COMMON STREET & NUMBER , 3& s "M { N, K . P.O. BOX 666 NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Grand Marais -2. VICINITY OF 8th STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Minnesota 27 Cook 0 . 31 HCLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE ^DISTRICT ^PUBLIC ^.OCCUPIED —AGRICULTURE ^.MUSEUM _BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE —UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL ^LPARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH ?_WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —OBJECT —IN PROCESS X.YES: RESTRICTED _ GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —BEING CONSIDERED — YES: UNRESTRICTED —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: AGENCY REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS:V//ap/>//ca6/e,; _____Midwest Regional office, National Park Service STREET & NUMBER 1709 Jackson Street CITY. TOWN STATE Omaha VICINITY OF Nebraska COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC. Mjdwest Regional office, National Park Service STREET & NUMBER 1709 Jackson Street CITY, TOWN Omaha I REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE List of Classified Structures DATE X. FEDERAL _STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR National Park Service SURVEY RECORDS ^ s< Tjepartment of the Interior, Midwest Regional Office CITY. TOWN STATE Omaha Nebraska DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE ^-EXCELLENT _DETERiORATED —UNALTERED X_ORIGINAL SITE X_GOOD X.RUINS JJLALTERED _MOVED DATE_____ X.FAIR X.UNEXPOSED ~~- DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Grand Portage was designated a national historic site in 1951• Nine years later Congress established Grand Portage National Monument.
    [Show full text]