Programming the Z80 3Rd Editi
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor
The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor Swetha Kogatam Computer Science Department San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 408-924-1000 [email protected] ABSTRACT timed sequence through the bus system to output devices such as The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by CRT Screens, networks, or printers. In some cases, the terms Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. 'CPU' and 'microprocessor' are used interchangeably to denote the manufacturer of semiconductors. The basic architecture of 4004 same device. was developed in August 1969; a concrete plan for the 4004 The different ways in which microprocessors are categorized are: system was finalized in December 1969; and the first microprocessor was successfully developed in March 1971. a) CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers) Microprocessors, which became the "technology to open up a new b) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) era," brought two outstanding impacts, "power of intelligence" and "power of computing". First, microprocessors opened up a new a) VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word Computers) "era of programming" through replacing with software, the b) Super scalar processors hardwired logic based on IC's of the former "era of logic". At the same time, microprocessors allowed young engineers access to "power of computing" for the creative development of personal 2. BIRTH OF THE MICROPROCESSOR computers and computer games, which in turn led to growth in the In 1970, Intel introduced the first dynamic RAM, which increased software industry, and paved the way to the development of high- IC memory by a factor of four. -
Zilog Developer Studio II
Z8 Encore!® Microcontroller Zilog Developer Studio II Product Brief PB009708-1010 Zilog Developer Studio II ZDS II Products Integrated for the Z8 Encore! Assembler ez8asm Introduction Compiler ez8cc Zilog Developer Studio II (ZDS II) Integrated Linker ez8link Development Environment is a complete stand- Librarian ez8lib alone system that provides a state-of-the-art devel- opment environment. Based on standard Windows Simulator Yes user interfaces, ZDS II integrates a language-sensi- Flash Loader Yes tive editor, project manager, C-Compiler, assem- Host Communication RS-232, USB, Ethernet bler, linker, librarian, and source-level symbolic debugger to provide a development solution specif- Figure 1 illustrates a typical display interface ically tailored to the Z8 Encore! line of microcon- showing many of the features of ZDS II. trollers. Figure 1. ZDS II’s Easy-To-Use Interface ZiLOG Worldwide Headquarters • 1590 Buckeye Drive • Milpitas, CA 95035 Telephone: 408.513.1500 • Fax: 408.365.8535 • www.zilog.com Zilog Developer Studio II for the Z8 Encore!® Microcontroller Product Brief 2 Easy-To-Use Interface • Download, Execute, Debug, and Analyze ZDS II provides a standard user interface with • Language-sensitive editor intuitive, easy-to-use controls commonly found in • Print the disassembly, call stack, symbol, ® Windows -based environments. The system con- memory and register window outputs for tains an integrated set of windows, document future reference views, menus, and toolbars to create, test and refine applications without having to alternate • Symbolic source-level debugging for C and between different systems. assembly languages • Online Help Flexible and Adaptable Design • Full-featured assembler and linker Capabilities • Interleaved source and disassembly Designed to use the multithreading capability of the host operating system, multiple operations can • Makefile generation be performed efficiently and easily with ZDS II. -
Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Zilog Z8000 Microprocessor
Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Zilog Z8000 Microprocessor Moderator: Michael Slater Panelists: Federico Faggin Bernard Peuto Masatoshi Shima Ralph Ungermann Recorded: April 27, 2007 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X4022.2007 © 2007 Computer History Museum Michael Slater: We have with us today [April 27, 2007] four people who were involved in its [Zilog Z8000 microprocessor] creation: Ralph Ungermann, Bernard Peuto, Federico Faggin, and Masatoshi Shima. We’ve heard about the backgrounds from Shima-san, Federico and Ralph in the previous tape [oral history by the Z80 team], so we’ll start with Bernard. Could you tell us about your educational background, your experience before you came to this project? Bernard Peuto: Yes. I was born in France where I got an engineering education in radio and in computers in 1967 and 1968. I came to Berkeley to do a Ph.D. In 1969, I had my Master of Arts from Berkeley in computer science and I passed my prelim. I went back to do my military duties and then I came back and got a Ph.D. in computer science in 1974. My dissertation was about memory protection, which will come back as a subject later. As my first job I joined Amdahl Corporation from 1973 to 1976. The reason I joined Amdahl Corporation was that Charlie Bass was sharing an office with me when he was an assistant professor at Berkeley and I was a Ph.D. student and Charlie Bass had a good friend of his that was working at Fujitsu so through that connection I was hired as a computer architect at Amdahl Corporation. -
Microprocessors in the 1970'S
Part II 1970's -- The Altair/Apple Era. 3/1 3/2 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.1: A graphical history of personal computers in the 1970’s, the MITS Altair and Apple Computer era. Microprocessors in the 1970’s 3/3 Figure 3.2: Andrew S. Grove, Robert N. Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. Figure 3.3: Marcian E. “Ted” Hoff. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. 3/4 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.4: The Intel MCS-4 (Micro Computer System 4) basic system. Figure 3.5: A photomicrograph of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. Chapter 3 Microprocessors in the 1970's The creation of the transistor in 1947 and the development of the integrated circuit in 1958/59, is the technology that formed the basis for the microprocessor. Initially the technology only enabled a restricted number of components on a single chip. However this changed significantly in the following years. The technology evolved from Small Scale Integration (SSI) in the early 1960's to Medium Scale Integration (MSI) with a few hundred components in the mid 1960's. By the late 1960's LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips with thousands of components had occurred. This rapid increase in the number of components in an integrated circuit led to what became known as Moore’s Law. The concept of this law was described by Gordon Moore in an article entitled “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits” in the April 1965 issue of Electronics magazine [338]. -
Learning to Code
PART ILEARNING TO CODE How Important is Programming? “To understand computers is to know about programming. The world is divided… into people who have written a program and people who have not.” Ted Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines (1974) How important is it for you to learn to program a computer? Since the introduction of the first digital electronic computers in the 1940s, people have answered this question in surprisingly different ways. During the first wave of commercial computing—in the 1950s and 1960s, when 1large and expensive mainframe computers filled entire rooms—the standard advice was that only a limited number of specialists would be needed to program com- puters using simple input devices like switches, punched cards, and paper tape. Even during the so-called “golden age” of corporate computing in America—the mid- to late 1960s—it was still unclear how many programming technicians would be needed to support the rapid computerization of the nation’s business, military, and commercial operations. For a while, some experts thought that well-designed computer systems might eventually program themselves, requiring only a handful of attentive managers to keep an eye on the machines. By the late 1970s and early 1980s, however, the rapid emergence of personal computers (PCs), and continuing shortages of computer professionals, shifted popular thinking on the issue. When consumers began to adopt low-priced PCs like the Apple II (1977), the IBM PC (1981), and the Commodore 64 (1982) by the millions, it seemed obvious that ground-breaking changes were afoot. The “PC Revolution” opened up new frontiers, employed tens of thousands of people, and (according to some enthusiasts) demanded new approaches to computer literacy. -
Programmable Digital Microcircuits - a Survey with Examples of Use
- 237 - PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL MICROCIRCUITS - A SURVEY WITH EXAMPLES OF USE C. Verkerk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1. Introduction For most readers the title of these lecture notes will evoke microprocessors. The fixed instruction set microprocessors are however not the only programmable digital mi• crocircuits and, although a number of pages will be dedicated to them, the aim of these notes is also to draw attention to other useful microcircuits. A complete survey of programmable circuits would fill several books and a selection had therefore to be made. The choice has rather been to treat a variety of devices than to give an in- depth treatment of a particular circuit. The selected devices have all found useful ap• plications in high-energy physics, or hold promise for future use. The microprocessor is very young : just over eleven years. An advertisement, an• nouncing a new era of integrated electronics, and which appeared in the November 15, 1971 issue of Electronics News, is generally considered its birth-certificate. The adver• tisement was for the Intel 4004 and its three support chips. The history leading to this announcement merits to be recalled. Intel, then a very young company, was working on the design of a chip-set for a high-performance calculator, for and in collaboration with a Japanese firm, Busicom. One of the Intel engineers found the Busicom design of 9 different chips too complicated and tried to find a more general and programmable solu• tion. His design, the 4004 microprocessor, was finally adapted by Busicom, and after further négociation, Intel acquired marketing rights for its new invention. -
Introduction to Cpu
microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 1 INTRODUCTION TO CPU Mohammad Sadegh Sadri Session 2 Microprocessor Course Isfahan University of Technology Sep., Oct., 2010 microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 2 Agenda • Review of the first session • A tour of silicon world! • Basic definition of CPU • Von Neumann Architecture • Example: Basic ARM7 Architecture • A brief detailed explanation of ARM7 Architecture • Hardvard Architecture • Example: TMS320C25 DSP microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 3 Agenda (2) • History of CPUs • 4004 • TMS1000 • 8080 • Z80 • Am2901 • 8051 • PIC16 microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 4 Von Neumann Architecture • Same Memory • Program • Data • Single Bus microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 5 Sample : ARM7T CPU microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 6 Harvard Architecture • Separate memories for program and data microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 7 TMS320C25 DSP microprocessors and microcontrollers - sadri 8 Silicon Market Revenue Rank Rank Country of 2009/2008 Company (million Market share 2009 2008 origin changes $ USD) Intel 11 USA 32 410 -4.0% 14.1% Corporation Samsung 22 South Korea 17 496 +3.5% 7.6% Electronics Toshiba 33Semiconduc Japan 10 319 -6.9% 4.5% tors Texas 44 USA 9 617 -12.6% 4.2% Instruments STMicroelec 55 FranceItaly 8 510 -17.6% 3.7% tronics 68Qualcomm USA 6 409 -1.1% 2.8% 79Hynix South Korea 6 246 +3.7% 2.7% 812AMD USA 5 207 -4.6% 2.3% Renesas 96 Japan 5 153 -26.6% 2.2% Technology 10 7 Sony Japan 4 468 -35.7% 1.9% microprocessors and microcontrollers -
How to Make Ez80 Code Execute Faster with Copy To
Application Note How to Make eZ80® Code Execute Faster with Copy To RAM AN015103-1208 Abstract Two popular versions of the eZ80 offered by Zilog® are the eZ80 General-Purpose MPU This Application Note discusses how Zilog’s (eZ80L92) and the eZ80Acclaim! Family of Flash eZ80® code can execute faster by executing from MCUs, which includes the eZ80F91, eZ80F92, and RAM instead of Flash Memory, and be able to eZ80F93 devices. store the eZ80 code in Flash. With Zilog Develop- ment Studio II (ZDS II) code development tools, a eZ80L92 Features few simple changes to the project settings and the project link file are required for speedy code exe- The key features of eZ80L92 include: cution. The leddemo project that is included with the eZ80L92 device, which uses the ZDS II toolset • Single-cycle instruction fetch, high-performance, for eZ80 microprocessor unit (MPU), is used in pipelined eZ80 CPU core this Application Note as an example. However, the • Low power features including SLEEP mode, information in this document is also applicable to HALT mode, and selective peripheral power- the ZDS II toolset for eZ80Acclaim!® microcon- down control trollers unit (MCU). • Two Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Trans- Note: The source code file associated with mitters (UART) with independent baud rate gen- this application note, AN0151- erators SC01.zip is available for down- • Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) with indepen- load at www.zilog.com. dent clock rate generator • Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) with independent eZ80 Overview clock rate generator eZ80 has revolutionized the communication indus- • Infrared Data Association (IrDA)-compliant try. It executes Zilog’s Z80® code four times faster infrared encoder/decoder at the same clock speed of traditional Z80s and can • New DMA-like eZ80 instructions for efficient operate at frequencies up to 50 MHz. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Extracting and Mapping Industry 4.0 Technologies Using Wikipedia
Computers in Industry 100 (2018) 244–257 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers in Industry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compind Extracting and mapping industry 4.0 technologies using wikipedia T ⁎ Filippo Chiarelloa, , Leonello Trivellib, Andrea Bonaccorsia, Gualtiero Fantonic a Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy b Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa, Via Cosimo Ridolfi, 10, 56124 Pisa, Italy c Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The explosion of the interest in the industry 4.0 generated a hype on both academia and business: the former is Industry 4.0 attracted for the opportunities given by the emergence of such a new field, the latter is pulled by incentives and Digital industry national investment plans. The Industry 4.0 technological field is not new but it is highly heterogeneous (actually Industrial IoT it is the aggregation point of more than 30 different fields of the technology). For this reason, many stakeholders Big data feel uncomfortable since they do not master the whole set of technologies, they manifested a lack of knowledge Digital currency and problems of communication with other domains. Programming languages Computing Actually such problem is twofold, on one side a common vocabulary that helps domain experts to have a Embedded systems mutual understanding is missing Riel et al. [1], on the other side, an overall standardization effort would be IoT beneficial to integrate existing terminologies in a reference architecture for the Industry 4.0 paradigm Smit et al. -
Computer Development in the Socialist Countries: Members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA)
Computer Development in the Socialist Countries: Members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) A.Y. Nitusov Köln/Cologne, Germany; Moscow, Russia [email protected] Abstract. Achievements of the East European Socialist countries in computing -although considerable- remained little known in the West until recently. Retarded by devastations of war, economic weakness and very different levels of national science, computing ranged „from little to nothing‟ in the 1950-s. However, full-scale collective cooperation with the USSR based on principles of equal rights and mutual assistance was aimed at increasing of common creative power. Centralised planning and ability to concentrate efficiently national resources on priority issues, state support for science and progressive educational system accessible for everybody played decisive role. The progress was impressive. Some (GDR) reached world‟s level in science and engineering such as some (in Hungary) – advanced computer education, programming and efficient usage and some (in Bulgaria, Cuba) starting “from zero point” turned into reputable manufacturers. In 1970-1990, 300,000 people as the united team of eight countries jointly designed and produced advanced family of compatible computers ES. Given general review also displays some important technical and organisational details. Keywords: Computer development, East European countries, computer family ES, free education, cooperation 1 Introduction Little was written abroad computer development in the East European1 socialist countries – partners of the USSR, during relatively long period, although some of their achievements were of considerable interest. The lack of foreign attention was primarily caused by natural desire to display first the own pioneer discoveries and most important inventions. The results of the East- European (outside the USSR) computer research appeared notably later than in the “great powers”, what could be another reason of “the silence”. -
Rodnay Zaks 51 0 1 1 5 V O U * * *
6502 rodnay zaks 51 0 1 1 5 v o u * * * 6502 GAMES RODNAY ZAKS 6502 SERIES - VOLUME 4 The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Chris Williams and Eric Novikoff, who thoroughly checked all of the games programs and contributed numerous ideas for improvements. The author is particularly indebted to Eric Novikoff for his valuable assistance through out all phases of the manuscript’s production, and for his meticulous supervision of the final text. Notice SYM is a trademark of Synertek Systems, Inc. KIM is a trademark of MOS Technology, Inc. A1M65 is a trademark of Rockwell International, Inc. “ COMPUTEACHER” and “ GAMES BOARD” are trademarks of Sybex, Inc. Cover Design by Daniel Le Noury Technical Illustrations by Guy S. Orcutt and J. Trujillo Smith Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However, Sybex assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which would result. No license is granted by the equipment manu facturers under any patent or patent rights. Manufacturers reserve the right to change circuitry at any time without notice. Copyright © 1980 SYBEX Inc. World rights reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Card Number: 80-50896 ISBN 0-89588-022-9 Printed in the United States of America Printing 10 987654321 CONTENTS PREFACE..............................................................................................ix 1. INTRODUCTION.......