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Application Note How to Make eZ80® Code Execute Faster with Copy To RAM AN015103-1208 Abstract Two popular versions of the eZ80 offered by Zilog® are the eZ80 General-Purpose MPU This Application Note discusses how Zilog’s (eZ80L92) and the eZ80Acclaim! Family of Flash eZ80® code can execute faster by executing from MCUs, which includes the eZ80F91, eZ80F92, and RAM instead of Flash Memory, and be able to eZ80F93 devices. store the eZ80 code in Flash. With Zilog Develop- ment Studio II (ZDS II) code development tools, a eZ80L92 Features few simple changes to the project settings and the project link file are required for speedy code exe- The key features of eZ80L92 include: cution. The leddemo project that is included with the eZ80L92 device, which uses the ZDS II toolset • Single-cycle instruction fetch, high-performance, for eZ80 microprocessor unit (MPU), is used in pipelined eZ80 CPU core this Application Note as an example. However, the • Low power features including SLEEP mode, information in this document is also applicable to HALT mode, and selective peripheral power- the ZDS II toolset for eZ80Acclaim!® microcon- down control trollers unit (MCU). • Two Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Trans- Note: The source code file associated with mitters (UART) with independent baud rate gen- this application note, AN0151- erators SC01.zip is available for down- • Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) with indepen- load at www.zilog.com. dent clock rate generator • Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) with independent eZ80 Overview clock rate generator eZ80 has revolutionized the communication indus- • Infrared Data Association (IrDA)-compliant try. It executes Zilog’s Z80® code four times faster infrared encoder/decoder at the same clock speed of traditional Z80s and can • New DMA-like eZ80 instructions for efficient operate at frequencies up to 50 MHz. Unlike most block data transfer 8-bit microprocessors, which can only address 64 KB, the eZ80 can address 16 MB without a • Glueless external peripheral interface with four Memory Management Unit (MMU). Chip Selects, individual Wait State generators, and an external WAIT input pin—supports Intel- Designed with over 25 years of experience with the and Motorola-style buses Z80, this microprocessor is best suited for embed- • Fixed-priority vectored interrupts (both internal ded internet appliances, industrial control, automa- and external) and interrupt controller tion, web management, modem controller, electronic games, and personal digital assistant • Real-time clock (RTC) with on-chip 32 kHz (PDA) applications. oscillator, selectable 50/60 Hz input, and sepa- rate VDD pin for battery backup Copyright ©2008 by Zilog®, Inc. All rights reserved. www.zilog.com How to Make eZ80® Code Execute Faster with Copy To RAM • Six 16-bit Counter/Timers with prescalers and eZ80Acclaim! Features direct input/output drive The key features of eZ8Acclaim! include: • Watchdog Timer (WDT) • 24 bits of General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) • Single-cycle instruction fetch, high-performance, pipelined eZ80 CPU core • JTAG and ZDI debug interfaces • 10/100 BaseT Ethernet Media Access Controller • 100-pin LQFP package with Media-Independent Interface (MII) • 3.0—3.6 V supply voltage with 5 V tolerant • 256 KB Flash Memory and 16 KB SRAM (8 inputs KB user and 8 KB EMAC) eZ80Acclaim! Overview • Low power features including SLEEP mode, HALT mode, and selective peripheral power- eZ80Acclaim! on-chip Flash MCU are an excep- down control tional value for designing high performance, 8-bit • Two UARTs with independent baud rate genera- MCU-based systems. With speeds up to 50 MHz tors and an on-chip Ethernet MAC (for eZ80F91 only), you have the performance necessary to execute • SPI with independent clock rate generator complex applications quickly and efficiently. Com- • I2C with independent clock rate generator bining Flash and SRAM, eZ80Acclaim! devices provide the memory required to implement com- • IrDA-compliant infrared encoder/decoder munication protocol stacks and achieve flexibility • Glueless external peripheral interface with four when performing in-system updates of application Chip Selects, individual Wait State generators, firmware. and an external WAIT input pin—supports Z80-, Intel-, and Motorola-style buses The eZ80Acclaim! Flash MCU can operate in full • Fixed-priority vectored interrupts (both internal 24-bit linear mode addressing 16 MB without a and external) and interrupt controller MMU. Additionally, support for the Z80-compati- ble mode allows Z80/Z180 legacy code execution • RTC with on-chip 32 kHz oscillator, selectable within multiple 64 KB memory blocks with mini- 50/60 Hz input, and separate VDD pin for battery mum modification. With an external bus support- backup ing eZ80, Z80, Intel, and Motorola bus modes and • Four 16-bit Counter/Timers with prescalers and a rich set of serial communications peripherals, direct input/output drive you have several options when interfacing to exter- nal devices. • WDT with internal oscillator clocking option • 32 bits of GPIO Some of the many applications suitable for • On-Chip Instrumentation (OCI™) and ZDI eZ80Acclaim! devices include vending machines, debug interfaces point-of-sale (POS) terminals, security systems, automation, communications, industrial control • IEEE 1149.1-compliant JTAG and facility monitoring, and remote control. • 144-pin LQFP package • 3.0—3.6 V supply voltage with 5 V tolerant inputs AN015103-1208 Page 2 of 7 How to Make eZ80® Code Execute Faster with Copy To RAM Discussion utility that is packaged with the eZ80 development kits. This external Flash Loader programs Flash When programming with the eZ80L92 device or Memory on the eZ80 Development Platform start- the eZ80Acclaim! devices, the code is debugged in ing at a location in Flash that the Boot Loader RAM and Flash using the ZDS II development jumps to after reset. The typical flow of the Copy tool. The execution of code is slow in Flash. For to RAM and Boot Loader functions is displayed in faster execution, copy the code from Flash to RAM Figure 1. and execute it from RAM. This Application Note describes how to perform this task using ZDS II. The example described within this document uses RAM the ZDS II development toolset for the eZ80 that is Memory Code contained in the eZ80L92 Development Kit. BSS Copy to RAM Data In the ZDS II development environment, there are project settings that allow you to select the type of Flash Code execution Memory configuration that the code stores and executes. These configurations include: Code Copy Data Copy • Standard configuration 8200h Start-Up • All RAM configuration Code execution Flash Loader • Custom configuration 0000h Boot Loader • Copy to RAM configuration These four configurations are described in the Reset Zilog Developer Studio II—eZ80Acclaim! User Manual (UM0144) and How Code and Data are Figure 1. The Copy to RAM and Boot Loader Placed in Memory Using ZDS II Application Note Execution Flow (AN0299). The Copy to RAM configuration is described in Figure 1 displays the Start-up code, Data Copy, and this Application Note. The objective is to: Code Copy programmed into Flash by the Flash Loader. Pushing the reset button on the eZ80 1. Program Flash Memory with a hex file con- Development Platform starts the Boot Loader. taining your application code and data. Pressing the space bar on your keyboard while pushing the reset button causes the Boot Loader to 2. On startup, direct the application program to jump to the Flash Loader utility. When the Flash copy the remainder of the program from Flash Loader starts executing, it waits for data on serial into RAM. port 0. Data received on this port is programmed 3. Continue executing from RAM. into Flash starting at location 08200h. Alterna- tively, Flash Memory can be programmed using the The end result is increased code execution speed. ZDS II internal Flash Loader, which is the tested utility described in this Application Note. The code that executes upon reset (initiated by a Power-On Reset or the pushbutton on the eZ80 After Flash Memory is programmed, push the reset Development Platform) is the Boot Loader. The button a second time without pressing the space Boot Loader is part of the external Flash Loader AN015103-1208 Page 3 of 7 How to Make eZ80® Code Execute Faster with Copy To RAM bar. The Boot Loader again starts execution. This ez80_4.4.2 explains how to change the project such time, it jumps to location 8200h, where the start- that the code can be copied from Flash to RAM and up code resides. This start-up code performs the executed. This file is located in the following sequence: ZDSII_eZ80_4.4.2/samples/ ez80L92_LedDemo/src directory. The ZDS II 1. Initializes the required processor registers. build generates a hex file that can be programmed into Flash by either the external Flash Loader or 2. Copies the Data Copy section in ROM to the the Flash Loader internal to ZDS II. Data section in RAM. 3. Creates the BSS section in RAM. The leddemozdsFlash project uses the Cus- 4. Copies the Copy Code section in ROM to the tom configuration and a start-up module that is Code section in RAM. included in the project. The start-up module is named l92_extFlashboot.s. Two other 5. Jumps to the first line of code in the code sec- source files are used in the project: ledDemo.c tion. and ledInit.c. The project is configured to Note: The start-up code is not copied. access the header files in the include directory. Additionally, the Code section is the main portion of code that runs after The steps in Table 1 describe how to make a new startup. project that copies the Code section from Flash and execute it from RAM. It is considered that you In this Application Note, the eZ80L92 device is have successfully built, downloaded, and run the used to explain an example of how to use the Copy leddemozdsFlash project, or you are at least to RAM feature.
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