() Bunderanthura bundera gen. et sp. nov. from Western Australia, fi rst anchialine Leptanthuridae (Isopoda) from the Southern Hemisphere Gary C. B. Poore1 and William F. Humphreys2 1 Museum Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C004D784-E842-42B3-BFD3-317D359F8975 2 Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005; School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. Email: [email protected] urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:010A9975-91C7-4D13-B643-6E3B4BDF7233 ABSTRACT – A new genus and species of leptanthurid isopod, Bunderanthura bundera, are described from a single individual from an anchialine environment in Western Australia. The new taxon differs from all species of Leptanthura in the elongate antennular and antennal peduncular articles (compact in Leptanthura), the presence of a strong thumb proximally on the palm of pereopod 1 (typically a square angle in Leptanthura), and on pereopod 2 (never seen in Leptanthura), an especially long pre-palm fl exor margin on pereopod 3 (absent or short in Leptanthura), and a narrow uropodal exopod (few exceptions in Leptanthura). This is the fi rst leptanthurid from non-marine environments outside the Atlantic. KEYWORDS: Crustacea, isopod, Cape Range, stygobiont,new genus, new species INTRODUCTION stygobiontleptanthurids known are four species of Members of the crustacean suborder Isopoda Curassanthura Kensley, 1981. Curassanthura halma have invaded fresh or brackish water many times. Kensley, 1981, C. bermudensis Wägele and Brandt, 1985 Representatives of freshwater taxa can be found among and C. jamaicensis Kensley, 1992 live interstitially on the Asellota (all species of Aselloidea in North America West Indian beaches and C. canariensis Wägele, 1985 in plus representatives of three other families), most the Canary Islands. All tolerate brackish water, records Microcerberidea and Phreatoicidea, all Tainisopidea, ranging from 18 PSU to fully marine. some Oniscidea, occasional species of at least nine families of Cymothoida, plus few Idoteidae (Valvifera) THE ENVIRONMENT and Sphaeromatidae (Sphaeromatidea) (Wilson 2008). Several species of Cyathura Norman and Stebbing, The specimen was collected from Bundera sinkhole, 1886 in the anthuroid family Anthuridae are found in an isolated anchialine sinkhole on the coastal plain of brackish or fresh water (Frankenberg 1965; Negoescu Cape Range, 1.7 km inland of the Indian Ocean coast 1981; Nunomura 1977; Poore and Lew Ton 1985) as are where it experiences 10% of oceanic tidal range. It all 20 species of the related Stygocyathura (e.g. Andreev was collected by drawing a small plankton net though 1982a; Andreev 1982b; Botosaneanu and Sket 1999; the 4–8 m interval water depth in the cave accessed Botosaneanu and Stock 1982; Nunomura 1992; Wägele through a bore hole. The salinity varied from 20.3 to et al. 1987). See Poore (2001) for lists of species. Among 25.5 PSU, temperature 22.3–24.8°C, pH 7.4–7.6, and Paranthuridae, Cruregens fontanus Chilton, 1882 is dissolved oxygen 1.04–2.52 mg L-1 (determined using a interstitial in ground water in New Zealand (Wägele Quanta-G, Hydrolab Corporation, Austin, Texas). The 1982) and the two Australian species of the three sinkhole overall exhibits marked ecohydrogeochemical belonging to Cruranthura are estuarine (Poore 1984). stratifi cation, especially at water depths of 8–18 m This is the fi rst record of a stygobiont leptanthurid (Humphreys 1999; Humphreys et al. 2012; Seymour et outside the Atlantic Ocean. The only other al. 2007). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:410DF69A-9B0D-46F3-818A-46BE42A1158E ASSOCIATED FAUNA free. Mandibular palp of 3 articles, palp article 3 with The site is the main access to a rich anchialine 3 terminal setae. Maxillipedal endite obsolete; palp (Stock et al. 1986) fauna including a core suite of one-third as long as basis, free from basis, with articles species belonging to genera or higher taxa having 1–2 fused, articles 3–5 minute and free. Pereopod 7 a ‘full Tethyan distribution’ (Stock 1993: shown present. Pereopod 1 carpus, fl exor margin with simple below with *) many of which are known elsewhere setae ; palm defi ned proximally by narrow thumb, palm from Lanzarote (Canary Islands) and the Caribbean with even marginal row of short complex robust setae region (Humphreys 2000; Jaume and Humphreys along length, thumb bearing 1 robust seta. Pereopods 2001; Wilson and Humphreys 2001). The crustacean 2 and 3 carpi fl exor margins with slender fl agellate assemblage in these waters includes the remipede seta and 2 simple setae. Pereopodal 2 propodus palm *Kumonga exleyi (Yager and Humphreys, 1996); defi ned proximally by triangular thumb, palm with even the thaumatocypridid ostracod* Welesia kornickeri marginal row of short complex robust setae along length, (Danielopol, Baltanas and Humphreys, 2000); the thumb with 2 robust setae. Pereopod 3 propodus longer paracypridine candonid Phlyctenophora mesembria than wide, palm oblique, with row of complex robust Wouters, 1999; the epacteriscid calanoid copepod setae. Pereopods 4–7 carpi triangular, fl exor margin *Bunderia misophaga Jaume and Humphreys, 2001; with slender fl agellate seta and 2 simple setae, enclosed the pseudocyclopiid calanoid *Stygocyclopia australis anteriorly by surrounding articles; propodi elongate, Jaume, Boxshall and Humphreys, 2001; the ridgewayiid fl exor margin with fl agellate setae. Uropodal exopod calanoid *Stygoridgewayia trispinosa Tang, Barron and narrowly leaf-shaped, shorter than peduncle. Goater, 2008 the misophrioid copepod* Speleophria Male: unknown. bunderae Jaume, Boxshall and Humphreys, 2001; the halicyclopine cyclopoids Halicyclops spinifer REMARKS Kiefer, 1935 and H. longifurnatus Pesce, De Laurentiis Bunderanthura most resembles Leptanthura Sars, and Humphreys, 1996; the laophontid harpacticoid 1897, a genus of 42 species and the largest genus of Onychocamptus bengalensis (Sewell, 1934); the Leptanthuridae. Notable similarities are the presence tetragonicipitid harpacticoid Phyllopodopsyllus wellsi of all seven pereonites and pairs of pereopods, Karanovic et al., 2001; ameirid harpacticoids Nitokra free pleonites, differentiation of pereopods 2 and 3 lacustris (Schmankevitsch, 1875), N. fragilis G.O. Sars, from pereopods 4–7, all pereopods with triangular 1905 and Nitokra humphreysi Karanovic and Pesce, carpi, similar numbers of antennular and antennal 2002; the atyid shrimps *Stygiocaris stylifera Holthuis, fl agellar articles, 3-articled mandibular palp, obsolete 1959, *S. lancifera Holthuis, 1959 and *Stygiocaris sp. maxillipedal endite, and short maxillipedal palp with undescribed (Page et al. 2008); the thermosbaenacean compressed distal articles. Bunderanthura differs from *Halosbaena tulki Poore and Humphreys, 1992; the Leptanthura in the elongate fi rst and second antennal hadziid amphipod *Hadzia branchialis (Bradbury and peduncular articles (compact in Leptanthura), the Williams, 1996); the melitid amphipod Nedsia douglasi presence of a strong thumb proximally on the palm of Barnard and Williams, 1995 and the cirolanid isopod pereopod 1 (typically a square angle in Leptanthura), *Haptolana pholeta Bruce and Humphreys,1993. and on pereopod 2 (never seen in Leptanthura), an especially long pre-palm fl exor margin on pereopod 3 (absent or short in Leptanthura), and with few SYSTEMATICS exceptions a narrow uropodal exopod (broad and Family Leptanthuridae Poore, 2001 meeting in the middle in most species of Leptanthura). Wägele (1989) believed Leptanthura to be a Bunderanthura gen. nov. polyphyletic genus from which Bullowanthura Poore, 1978, Ulakanthura Poore, 1978 and Psittanthura urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C19AA3C6-F194-4E3D-BDD5- Wägele, 1985[b] can be derived. It is not the intention 4D4FBDEB49DD or the place in this paper to undertake a cladistic analysis of this complex. All genera were said to TYPE SPECIES share reduced maxillipedal endite and overlapping Bunderanthura bundera sp. nov., herein designated. uropodal exopods (exopods secondarily smaller in few Leptanthura). All, except Leptanthura, have a reduced DIAGNOSIS or no mandibular palp (also true of L. apalpata). Poore’s Pereonite 7 about half length of pereonite 6. Pleonites (2001) phylogenetic analysis (that assumed these and 1–5 free and articulating; pleotelson with posterior all genera as monophyletic) was similar, recognising margin of pleonite 6 indicated dorsally, delineated from that these four genera shared the reduced maxillipedal telson. Eyes absent. Antenna peduncle articles longer endite, short maxillipedal palp and a robust seta on the than wide; fl agellum elongate (of 9 articles), longer margin of the carpus of pereopod 1. In his analysis, than last article of peduncle, articles cylindrical and Leptanthura alone has about three terminal setae on TABLE 1 Distribution and habitat of stygobiont leptanthurid isopods. Species Location Salinity (PSU) Habitat Reference Curassanthura halma Curacao, West Indies, 18–33 coral rubble Kensley 1981, 1992; Caribbean, west Wägele 1985a Atlantic Ocean C. bermudensis Bermuda, west 15.54–26.06 anchialine: coarse Wägele and Brandt Atlantic Ocean sediments in cave pool 1985 C. canariensis Lanzarote, Canary 34–35 anchialine: lava gravel Wägele 1985a; Islands, east Atlantic in Jameos del Agua Wilkens et al. 2009 Ocean section of the Corona lava tube, Lanzarote C. jamaicensis Jamaica,