WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURLDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, , ANTHURIDEA)

ILEANA NEGOESCU, JOHANN W. WAGELE

On prdsente la liste des esp8ce's de Crustacks Isopodes du sous-ordie des Anthuridea, liste qui rdunit B prBsent 57 genres avec 321 espbces appartenant B 3 families: , et . Des dombes relatives B la rdpartition gbographique, la profondem et l'habitat ainsi que des rbfbrences bibliogaphiques complbtent la liste des espbces pour lea- quelles on indique anssi les synonymies.

INTRODUCTION

The Anthuridea have found increased interest during the last' few years and the number of known species is growing fast. These are obviously present all over the world in the marine benthos and in some brackish and freshwater habitats. In the course of ex~editionsand benthic surveys of the last decades many new species were discovered, often with the help of diving techniques and by careful sorting of the samples. At present 57 genera and 321 species are known. In table 1, one can see how many spe- cies were described only in the past 10 years. For someone who is not constantly following the taxonomic publicat- ions it is difficult to find out which names are valid today, what synonyms exist, how many species are known and from which part of the world. The present paper will help those who are not familiar with this group of Isopoda to get the necessarv information. (7 It is not possible for us to revise those genera which are still in an unsatisfactorv condition. as the material for the necessarv redescri~tions , I was not available. Critical points are mentioned in a special chapter and will emphasize, where further investigations will be necessary. Some obvious synonyms which are not mentioned in other publications will be presented. Naturally a "world list" cannot be complete at present. We must expect that the number of species will be doubled in the future, but the number of genera will not increase too much, while the number of families seems to be stable. We ho~ethat the "world list" will contribute to the elucidation of anthuridean isopods toxonomy and phylogeny and will stimu- late future authors to describe species accurately and scrutinize the correct systematic position. Besides the mere taxonomic data we present a synopsis of the geo- graphic distribution and, as far as possible, of the colonized habitats. The bibliography is somewhat selective and contains all important publications.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUBORDER ANTHURIDEA

In order to describe the characteristic features of .a taxonomic group it is necessary to know the morphological and biological peculiarites and the differences as compared to other closely related groups. For the taxono- mists it is especially important to know how the archetype of a group can be described, because the features of a svecialized, modern svecies cannot be used to de'fine the whole group. The rec;nstruction of the codmon ancestor with the methods of phylogenetic systematics led to the following picture Wagele (192): The body is long and slender, the pleon is composed of 5 free pleonites, the sixth pleonite is fused with the telson. The antennae have 3( A 1) or 5(A 2) peduncular articles and long, multiarticulated flagella. The mouthparts are specialized, the mandible has no lacinia mobilis and instead of the spine row we find a dentated lamina. Maxilla 1 has a long, stylet-like lateral endite with distal teeth. the medial endite is short and small. Pereonods 1-3 have a short, triangular carpus and they are possibly not subchelate. Pereopods 4-7 have long, cylindrical articles. The pleopods 1-5 are all of similar form and size. The exopod of the uropods inserts dorsally on the short sympod, the telson has no statocysts. The Anthuridea can be immediately identified among other Isopoda by shape of body, of the tailfan and of the mouthparts M o n o d (114). The family Hyssuridae has most features in common with the arch- etype. Anthuridae and Paranthuridae have a "gill chamber" with an oper- culiform exopod of pleopod 1 and telsonic statocysts. The family Anthuridae has 2 statocysts, the mouthparts are of a hitinglstinging type, the maxilliped has the tendency to form a broad operculum on the ventral cephalothorax. Within the family Paranthuridae we observe a stepwise evolution of the sting- inglsucking mouthparts, the statocysts are always melted to one, the single statocyst is sometimes reduced. The correlation between morphology, bio- logy and evolution has been described by W a g e 1 e (192). Those places on the dendrogram which are close to the rami,fications of the families are the most problematic, as for the genera in question the anatomy (of the telson) and the morphology have not been studied in detail. Consequently, the assignment of some primitive genera to one family or another is not always definitive, as discussed in chapter concerning syno- nymies. Such want of clearncss cannot be put aside by speculation but only by thorough comparative studies. In general, the morpl~ologyof the Anthuridea greatly varies and there exist interesting evolutionary series, as for example the line leading from primitive Hyssuridae to the specialized Eisothistos, a completely adapted to life within the tubes of serpulid worms (192, fig. 29). Naturally \\'ORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 101 morphological series are correlated with a stepwise evolution of the way of living and of autecology. Unfortunately, only few observations on biology and ecology exist. Nevertheless, it seems that all Anthuridea are predators, the common food being polychaets and other invertebrates with soft integu- ment. The Paranthuridae evolve to which are able to sting through harder integuments, and the genera with acute mouthparts which had been observed alive feed principally on amphipods. The colonized habitats greatly vary, though the single species normally occur on the same tvue,I of substratum. We find Anthuridea from the soft bottom of the deep sea to the rocky shores and vegetation of the upper sub- littoral. Some species even live in ca17esand hypogean interstices in brackish or freshwater, as for the example the members of the genera Cyathura and Crure- gens. The Anthurideans observed in aquaria burrow in the sediment (sand, mud) using their statocysts for orientation La n g e n b u c h (94), paranthurids with reduced statocysts have been found climbing on vegetation. The zoogeography of the suborder cannot be analyzed at present. Too few records are known for many species and genera. Most species only appear in a limited area. Species that have been found in different localities, as Calathura hrachiata (cold water of northern hemisphere), Cyathura cari- nata (brackish water of the EuroneanI boreal and Mediterranean-Lusitanian region), Mesanthura pulcltra (upper littoral of the Caribbean Sea), seem to hr restricted to single seas or parts of oceans. Typical for the bottom ofthe clrep sea arc the species helonging to gencra Anthelura, Hyssura, Leptanthura, Pseudanthura. Quantanthura, ?/nloranthura and typical for the photic zone of the warmer seas are species of genera Colanthura, Haliophasma, ~tlesanthura, Paranthura, though single species exist in colder or deeper water.

It is not nossible to establish which of the known ugenera are endemic for a certain region; generally too few localities are known and for many monotypic genera with only one record (i.e. Austranthura, Cetanthura, Exallan- tltura etc.) further discoveries are to be expected. Cruregens is without doubt cnclemic for the phreatic waters of New Zealand. An exact e60geographic analysis is only possible, when the true compo- tition of a genus is known and, even better, when the relationship between shc snecies has been clarified. These reauirements are not fulfilled for the

SAMPLING METHODS, PREPA RA TION, CONSERVA TION Some short observations on these subjects. The anthuridean isopods arc relatively small animals which can only be discovered by careful sorting. Benthic samples are collec~edwith dredges or bottomtrawls (Agassiz trawl); in the upper sublittoral zone the best samples from algae, epilithion, seagrass etc. are gathered by divers who can enclose the substratum in fine nets. For the sorting it is recommtndable to wash the sediment and decant the water through a fine sieve, the content of which must be controlled under the binocular. Vegetation, sponges, corals, stones etc. can be washed before fixation to obtain living specimens or, more effective, after fixation with 102 ILEAXA NECOESCU. JOHANN W. WACELE

4% formaldehyde. Specimens should not be kept in formaldehyde as the cuticle remains harder when the animals are transfered into 70% alcohol. For the description and preparation of the specimens it is best to count first the number of animals and to measure their total length, and then to draw the most beautiful animals in total view, comparing male and female (if available) to show sexual dimorphism. Only then we can dissect them, embedding all appendages including antenae, mouthparts and tailfan on microscope slides. Thus, exact drawings can be made at high magnification with the heln of a camera lncida. It is imnortant not to describe onlv those features, whSch are prominent and characteristic for a species, as has been done (too) often (see problems of synonymies in the special chapter). These selected features are too dependent on subjective factors. It is those descrip- tions which record the whole and leave to the posterity more than just a few legs or an incomplete antenna that are valuable: "Sans bonnes figures, plus d'histoire naturelle descriptive, ou bien l'on retombera dans le chaos" R onx (162).

WORLD LIST OF ANZ'HURIDEAN ISOPODS Conimcnt for the table 1 The list of species is presented as a table with the following columns: taxa (genus, species, family); depth (in metres, for subterranean species in centimetres) ; geographical distribution ; habitat ; bibliography. Genera, written in Aldines, are presented in alphabetical order; the species of a genus are presented in alphabetical order, too. For the species the synonyms are given (in italic letters) and the type species is mentioned. After the name of the genus, the family to which the genus belongs is sugges- ted by a letter put in brackets. In the column of geographical distribution the ocean, continent, island, country or locality are indicated. For the habitat the biotop or substratum is indicated, with special references to the brackish, freshwater and subterranean species. The bibliographical titles from the list which ends this paper are numbered; the numbers are represented in the last column. The bibliography is selective, concerning especially the descript- ions and redescriptions of species.

Abbreviations used in table 1: a. = and G. = gulf Pen. = peninsula A = Anthuridae H = Hyssuridae S = south B. = bay Is. = island Str. = strait C. = cape N = north W = west Cn. = canyon Oc. = ocean * = species needs redescription E = east P = Paranthuridae f = possible synonymy ? = unknown data

REMARKS ON SOME SYNONYMIES In table 1 we propose a few new synonyms which require some com- ments. The assignment of the genera to the families has been done according to the criteria of W a g e 1 e (192). WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 103

As already mentioned, because of the lack of information, problems arise with the primitive genera, which must be placed close to the Anthuridael Paranthuridae ramification. The genera Anthelura, Anthomuda, Austranthura, Bathura, Diaphoranthura and Valoranthura belong to this group. Because of the primitive structure of their mouthparts, these genera were conside- red as Anthuridae for a long time. Only recently it has been discovered that the Paranthuridae evolved slowly from a more primitive type (192). There- fore all the above mentioned genera have been included in the family Paran- thuridae, though for many species only few features were known (192, 195). It became evident that the genus Anthelura also belongs to this group when K e n s 1 e y (71) synonymized Bathura and Ananthura with Anthelura and later, one of us (J. W. Wagele) had the chance to examine the type species Anthelura elongata. The genus, as defined by the type species, has no stato- cysts, the pereopods bear several long "sensory spines", pereopods 1-3 are subchelate. Nevertheless the taxonomic situation remalns unsatisfactory. The following problems appear: "Ananthura rigida" has a maxilliped similar to that of Valoranthura, but further comparison is not possible for lack of data; no details about antennae and tailfan of Valoranthura are known; A. rigida needs a redescription. Bathura and Austranthura have a maxilli- ped like Anthelura, but they also have different features (mandible with reduced pars molaris, large tailfan with distally acute uropodal exopod). Accordingly it is not at all clear which features are the apomorphies that characterize the genus- Anthelura and which species really belong to it. Diaphoranthura and Anthomuda seem to be very similar, but for further comparisons redescriptions are necessary. We regret that in these cases and in some other ones no better solut- ion can be offered now than to leave the species with their presently valid names, hoping that in near future better descriptions will be available. Anthelura fresii superficially resembles the type species A. elongata, but the similarities are merely plesiomorphies (maxilliped, carpi of pereopods). A. fresii really has 2 statocysts, one sensory spine on carpi and propodi and belongs to the genus Malacanthura in its present definition K e n s 1 e y (79). The description of Minyanthura is very brief. The genus is similar to Apanthuroides, but it is not clear whether 2 statocysts are present or whether they have been confused with cuticular dimples (which are also present in Apanthuroides) or muscular insertions. Therefore we left a question mark behind the "P" (P for Paranthuridae). Pendanthura superficially resembles Minyanthura but has different mouthparts of the Anthuridae-type with broad maxilliped, probably 2 stato- cysts are present. The following new synonyms are proposed in table 1: Malacanthura cantabrica Kensley, 1982 = M. fresii (Wagele, 1980), Apanthura pallida Wagele, 1981 = A. motasi Negoescu, 1980, Natalanthura spathulicauda Wagele, 1981 and N. mediterranea Negoescu, 1981 = Apanthuroides spathu- licauda (Wagele, 1981), Belizanthura Kensley, 1982 = Kupellonura Barnard, 1925, Heteranthura Kensley, 1980 = Eisothistos Haswell, 1884, Coralanthura ardea Poore & Kensley, 1981 = Expanathura ardea (Poore & Kensley, 1981), 104 ILEANA NECOESCU, JOHANN nr. WKCELE

TABLE 1 World list of anthnridean isopods

Genus, species, family / Depth I Geographical Habitat Bibliography (4 distribution I

ACCALATHURA Barnard, 1925 [PI - A, barnardi (Nierstrasz, 1941) 113 Pacific Oc., Katanthura barnnrdi Indonesia. Solar Str. Nierstrasz, 1941 - -4. bassi Poore, 1981 4-19 Pacific Oc., sand Australia (Victoria) I - A. borradailei (Stebbing, 0.5-42 Indian Or., Africa reefs, atolls; 8, 42, 120, 1904) (Kenya, Tanzania, sand 121, 128, ~alaihuraborradailei 1 Zanzibar, Madagas- 146,151, Stebbing, 1904 car), India (Quilon, 152, 177 I Chilka Lake), Mal- dive Is. : Pacific Oc., Thailand -A. crassa Barnard, 1925* Caribbean Sea, Bar- ? 8, 110, 128, I? bados Is., St. John 167 Is., St. James Is. - A. crenulata (Richardson, Atlantic Oc., Baha- reefs, marl- 8, 78, 84, 1901) mas, Cape Verde Is. ; groves (algal 105, 107, - type species - Mexico G.; Carib- mat); ccarse 110, 155, Calathura cren~~lata bean Sea (Belize, sediments, 156, 167, Richardson, 1901 Pucrto Rico); Brazil calcarous al- 169 gae, mud: stomach of pearlfish - Carapus bermudens is. I

- A. gigantissima Kussakin, Antarctica ; off 1967 George V Land, off Adelie Land, Lars Christensen Coast, off Shackleton Ice Shelf, Weddell S. - A. gigas (Whitelegge, Indian Oc., Seychel- 1901) les Is., W a. S Calathura gigas Australia ; Pacific Whitelegge, 1901 Oc., S Australia (New South Wales, Victoria), Tasmania ; Antarctica (George V Land, Adelie Land, Shackleton Ice Shelf) WORLD LIST OF THE ANTliURIDEAN ISOPODS (CHUSTACEA. ISOPODA) 105

- A. indica (Nierstrasz, Indian Oc., S Africa ? 1941) (Natal), Mozambi - Metcmthura indica que, Djawa Sea (Flo- Kierstrasz, 1941 res) - A. laevitelson (Kensley Indian Oc., coarse sand, 1975) S Africa (Still B.) shells Katanthura lamitelson Kensley, 1975 Zulanthura lamitelson (Kensley, 1975) - A. normani (Nierstrasz, Parific Oc., Indo- ? 1941) nesia, Sulu Sea iMrtanth~tranormani Nierstrasz, 1941 Pacific Oc., sand, mud Okhotsk Sea - A. sladeni (Stebbing, Indian Oc. : Mozam- ? 1910) bique, Madagascar, Calnthura sladeni Somalia, Mauritius Stebbing, 1910 Is., . Cargadoe Cara- Aecalathura borradailei jos Is., Saya de (Stebbing, 1904) (?) Maya Bank, Anda- man Sea; Pacific OC.; S Australia, Thailand, Suma- t era -A. sp. -Miller, 1968* 1 Atlantic Oc., anchor of Bahamas buoys Pacific Oc., epifanna, Australia (New with spo- South Wales) nges - Accalathura? - Menzies & Atlantic Oc., off ? Frankenberg, 1966* Georgia AEMIGMATHURA Thomson, 1951 [PI - A. lactanea Thomson, 1951 0-24 Indian Oc., W a. - type species - S Australia (Rott- AGULANTHURA Kensley, nest IF.. Victoria) 1975: see MALAC:tNTHURA ALLO-ANTI-IURA Kenslev. 1980 [A] r INDANTHURA Pillai & Eapen, 1966 (?) 'I -A. larwoodi Wagele, 1981 100 Mediterranean, Exanthura filiformis sensu Israel, Egypt Larwood, 1940 -A. sculpta Kensley, 1980 135 Indian Oc., - type species - Mozambique 1oG ILEANA NECOESCU, JOHANN W. WAGELE

AMAKUSANTHURA Nuno- mura, 1977 [A] -A. longiantenata Nuno- 3-4 Pacific Oc, Japan Zostera mari- mura, 1977* (Tomioka B.) na bed - type species - ANANTHURA Barnard, 1925: see ANTHELURA and VALORANTHURA - Ananthura flexibilis Pas- 2890 Mediterranean, ? ternak, 1982* I< Ralearic Is. ANTHELURA Norman & Stebbing, 1886 [PI I I -A. abyssorum Norman &I Stebbing 1886: see VALO- 1 RANTHURA - A. affinis Richardson, ? Atlantic Oc., l902* Bermudas Apanthura affinis sensu Stebbing, 1909 -A. elongata Norman & 1100- Atlantic Oc., off Stebbing, 1886 1590 Portugal; Mediter- - type species - ranean, SE Plinta Campanella -A. fresii Wagele, 1980: see MALACANTHURA ! -A. liouvillei (Monod, 1925): see MONODAN- THURA -A. luna (Schultz, 1966): 783- Pacific Oc., Califor- mud Bathura luna Schultz, 1966 1298 nia (Jolla Cn., Co- ronado Cn., Tanner Cn.) - A. ovalis (Barnard, l925)* 18-150 Mediterranean, E stones with Artanthura ovalis Barnard, Sicily, Libya, Egypt algae, co- 1925 arse bioc- lastic sand, maerl -A. remipes Barnard, 1914: see QUANTANTHURA

-A. rigida (Nunomura, 1008- Pacific Oc., Japan 1976) * 1050 Sea, Japan (Suruga Ananthura rigida Nunomu- B.) ra, 1976

-A. sulcaticauda (Barnard, 568- N Atlantic Oc. 1925). 800 Ananthura sulcaticauda Barnard, 1925 -- KORLD LIST OF THE ANTHIJRIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, IS(?PODA) 107

- A. truncata (Hansen, 1916): see MALACAN- THURA - 1. sp. - PetrSnio & Ken- ? Atlantic Oc., N a. ? ing, 1972*- NE Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) - -4. sp. - Lo Bianco, 1903* Mediterranean, ? i Naples G. AXTI-IOMUDA Schultz, 1979 Atlantic Oc., sand. rocks [PI S Bermudas - A. stenotelson Schultz, 1979* - type species - AKTHIJRA Leach, 1814 [A] -A. offinis Chilton, 1882: see MESANTHURA - A. arctica Heller, 1878: see CALATHURA -A. brachiata Stimpson, 1854: see CALATHURA - A. brunea Harger, 1873: cee CYATHURA - A. cnrinntn Kroyer, 1847: see CYATHURA / -A. rcrtrnula Stimpson, 1835: see MESANTIIURA -A. filiforrnis Lucas, 1849: see EXAKTHURA and SEII.ISTHUIth -A. j'agellatn Chilton, 1882: see P-IRANTHURA - A. gracilis (Montagu, 1808) Atlantic Oc., W vegetation, - type species - Irland, S a.E polychaets* Oniscus gracilis Montagu,/ England, English tubes, sand, Channel, N France, rocks (mari- Biscay G., Baltic ne and brac- Sea, North Sea., kish waters) Morocco : Mediter- ranean, Sicily, Na- poli G., Adriatic Sea - A. gracilis sensu De Kay 1844: see CYATHURA -A. laevigata Stimpson, 1855 : see LEPTANTHU- R A - A. linguicauda Barnard, 1920 : see Haliophasma - A. nigroptcnctata 1849: see PARANTHURA 108 ILEANA NECOESCU, JOHANN W. WAGELE

-A. polita Stimpson, 1855 see CYATHURA -A. punctata Stimpson, 1855 : see PARANTHURA -A. tenuis (Harger, 1878): see PTILAKTHURA rlPANTHURA. Stebbing, 1900 [A] -A. addui Wagele, 1981 0.7-4 Indian Oc., reef, lagoon; 194 Maldive Is. sand -A. af$nis (Richardson, 1902): see ANTHELURA - -4. africana Barnard, 1914 11-200 1 Atlantic Or. a. sand, shells, 6, 68 / Jndinn Oc., S rocks 1 Africa (Liideritz to Jeffrcvs B.) mud

- ;\. coppingeri Barnard, 1 27-31 1 Tndian Oc., SW Ma- 1925 / (lagascar, 1\; r\ustra- Paranthura a~istralis 1 1 lia (Dundas Str.) sensu Miers, 1884 (?) I -1. - corsica Alnar, 1952 0-30 ' Mcdit erranean, Cor- rhizomes pf 1. 191 Apnnthura sandalerlsis 1,sica Is., Naples G., Posidonia sensu I,arwood, 1940 (?) ! Israel, ~gypt(?), ocrnr~icn I I Morocco (?)

- .\. dubia Barnard, 191 0-200 Atlantic Oc. a. In- stones I 6, 80 dia~,Oc., S Africa (Saldanha B. to Transkei) - :\. escavata Mezhov, 1976 stones, Lith- 92, 109 othamnion - A. gcminsuln Kensley, 1982' 0.2-1.5 Caribbean Sea, Hon- mangroves 78 A. harringtoniensis / daras 6.. Belize coral ruhljle, R'iigele, 1981 1 (Carrie Bow Cay) coarse scdi- nicnts 1 .Atlantic Oc., Ber- - -A. harringtoniensis Wa- ? 1 mudas (Harrirlgton pel?, 1981 , Sound) i 211 - --\. honshuel~sis Wlipe'e 1 inter- Pacific Oc., Japan, rocky tide i Hon-h~iIs. (Sagami pool - .A. inornata Miller & / ? 1 Pacific Oc., Hawaii reef I 112 -A. insignifica Kenslcy, 1978 90-850 Indian Oc'- Africa (S East London to I i Zul~iland) 1125 - -4. libyana Negoescu, 1980 26-100 Mediterranean, saud, muddy Libya sand, maerl, sponges WORLD LIST OF THE ANTIIUIZIDEAX ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA. ISOPODA) 109

- A. magnifica Menzies & Atlantic Oc., off / ? Frankenberg, 1966 ! Georgia, Florida, Apartfhurerta magnifica Bermudas, Cuba (Menzies R: Frankenberg, I 1966) I -A. mana Kenslcy, Pacific Oc., Fiji Is. reef; coral 1979 1 rubble -A. microps Kensley, 1980 Indian Oc., E ? Arabian Sea, Mo- I zambique (off In- hambane), off So- malia -A. motasi Negoescu, 1980 Indian Oc.. Aden sand. silt Apanthura pallida Wagele, 1981 ' -A. pallida Wligele, 1981: see Apanthura motasi Ne- goescu, 1980 - A. robertiana (Monod, Atlantic Oc., N a. 1925) W Africa, Morocco Cyarhura robertiana Monod, 1925 I -A. sandalensis Stebbing, Red Sea; Indian sand 1900 Oc., Mozambique, - type species - SW hladagascar, Mauritius Is., off Sumatra, India (Travancore, Chilka Lake?); Pacific Oc., Loyalty Is. -A. senegalensis Barnard, 1 Atlantic Oc.. Dakar 1925* I -A. serricauda Barnard. / 1920 : see PANATHURA, -A. signata Menzies & Caribbean Sea, reef; Porites Glynn, 1968 Puerto Rico., Ho- and Millepo- Apanthuretta signata (Men- nduras G. (Belize - ra clumps, zies & Glynn, 1968) Carrie Bow Cay) coral rubble covered with algae, coarse sediments -A. stanjeki Wagele, 1981 Red Sea, Suez G. lagoon ; (Sinai), Elat G. sand, silt (Sinai) - A. tyrrhenica Wligele, 1980 Tyrrhenian Sea, Naples G., Sorrent Pen., E a.W Capri

- A. xenocheir Stebbing, Indian Oc., Sey- reef; rocks 19102 chelles Is. -A. zeewykae Kensley & Indian Oc., W Aus- reef crest, Poore, 1982 tralia (Houtman Ab- coral rubble rolhos Is.) - A. sp. - Nunomura, 1975. Pacific Oc., Japan Undaria pin- I? (Osaka G.) nut ij& - A. sp. -Monod, 1925* Atlantic Oc.. N a. W ? I ? Africa APANTHURETTA Wgigele, 1981 [A] - A. lathrida Wiigele, 1982 ? Caribbean Sea, Cuba interstitial (Santiago de Cuba) water, beach of coarse sand - A. pori Wgigele, 1981 215- Red Sea, Elat G. ? -type species - 1 620 -A. significa (Paul & Men- Caribbean Sea, Ve- ? zies, 1971) 1 95 nezuela Apanrhura signijka Paul L Menzies, 1971 1 APANTHUROIDES Men- zies & Glynn, 1968 [PI - A. fijiensis (Kensley, 1979) 1 Pacifir Oc., Fiji Is. reef, lagoon; Naalanthura jijiensis (%ti Lew) coral rubble Kensley, 1979 -A. foveolata (Kensley, 62-850 Indian Oc., Mozam- coarse sedi- 1978) bique (S Beira), S ments Natalanthura fweolata Africa (Zululand to Kensley, 1978 Transkei) Natalanthura natalensis Kensley, 1978 - A. millae Menzies & Glynn, 6-24 Caribbean Sea, .,h-reef; corals, 1968 erto Rico, Hcnduras algae, coarse - type species - G. (Belize-Carrie sediments Bow Cay) -A. snathulicauda (Wgi- 1 70-183 Mediterranean, Tyr- sand, algae gele,- 1981) rheniau Sea, bet- Natalanthura spathulicazda ween Capri Is. a.

Waeele.u, 1981 Sorrent Pen., Cy- Natalanthura meditemanea prus, Libya Negoescu, 1981 AUSTRANTHUR* Kussa- kin, 1967 [PI -A. elegans Kussakin, 1967 100-198 S Indian Oc., Me. stones, - type species - Donald Is., Kergue- pebbles, aand len Is. BATHURA Schultz, 1966: see ANTHELURA BELIZANTHURA Kensley, 1982: see KUPELLONURA WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 111

BULLOWANTHURA Poore, 1978 [PI Atlantic Oc., Bis- - B. aquitanica Kensley, 1982 641-860 cay G. - B. pambula Poore, 1978 0-69 Pacific Oc., S Aus- sand - type species - tralia (New South Wales, Victoria) CAENANTHURA Kensley, 1978 [A] NW Indian Oc., Dji- bouti, Pakistan, Oman G., Ormue Possidonia, - C. indica Negoescu, 1978 1 2-110 Str. mud - C. siamensis (Barnard, 1925) 5-10 Pacific Oc., Siam G. ? - type species - Cyathura siamcnsis Bar- nard, 1925 CALAMURA Boone, 1920: see PARANTHURA CALATHURA Norman & Stebbing, 1886 [PI - C. affinis Bonnier, 1896: see LEPTANTHURA - C. borradailei Stebbing, 1904: see ACCALATHU- R A - C. brachiata (Stimpson, 5-2500 N Atlantic Oe., Ca- rocks, sto- 1854) nada, Greenland, nes, gavel, - type species - Ireland, N England, sand, mod, Anthura arctica Heller, 1878 Biscay G., North clay Anthura brachiata Stimp- Sea, Norway Sea, son, 1854 Barents Sea, Kara Calathura branchiata sensu Sea ;Pacific Oc., Be- Richardson, 1905 ring Sea, Okhotsk Calathura norvegica (Sars, Sea 1873) Paranthura arctica (Heller, 1878) Paranthura brachiata (Stimpson, 1854) Paranthura norvegica Sars, 1873 - C. crenulata Richardson, 1901 : see ACCALATHURA - C. gigas Whitelegge, 1901: see ACCALATHURA - C. sladeni Stebbing, 1910: see ACCALATHURA - C. sp. - Lo Bianco, 1903* 100 Mediterranean, Tyr- rhenian Sea, Naples G. ,off Cape Sorrent) 112 ILEANA NEGOESCU. JOHANN W. WAGELE

- C. sp. - Stebbing: 1905' Indian Oc., Ceylon vegetation ? Paranthura crass~cornis Is. on oysters Haswell, 1881 CALIFANTHURA Thomson, 1944: see COLANTHURA CENTRANTHURA Wagele, 1981 [A] - C. caecus (Kensley, 197511 Atlantic Oc. a. In- fine sand, Hnliophasma caecus Kens- dian Oc., S Africa mud ley, 1975 (Lambert's B. to - type species - Mossel B.) CETAKTHURA Kensley, 1982 [A1 - C. foveoderma Kensley, SE Atlantic Oc., 1982 SW Africa (Walvis - type species - B., Walvis Ridge) COLANTHURA Richardson 1902 [PI - C. anophthalma Kussakin 8 Indian Oc., off Ker- vertical rock Vasina, 1982 guelen Is. - C. caeca Mezhov, 1976 Pacific Oc., Kurile rocks, stones, Is. Lithotham- I nion - C. furneauri Poore, 19811 Pacific Oc., Tasma- algae (Cau- nia locystis, Cau- lerpa) - C. latimana Kussakin & Indian Oc., off Ker- Vasina, 1982 guelen Is. - C. nigra Nunomura, 1975 Pacific Oc., Japan rocks, sand, algae - C. ornata Carvacho. 1977 2 Caribbean Sea, Gua- mangroves ; delupa Is. sand, Thala- ssia ' - C. peroni Poore, 1981 0-20 Pacific Oc., Austra- estuaries lia (New South Wal- es, Victoria) - C. pigmentata Kensley, 1.5 Indian Oc., N Ma- 1980 dagascar (Nosi Bi) - C. pingouin Kensley, 1980 155-187 Indian Oc., Crozet Is. (Pingouins Is.) - C. rima Poore, 1981 1-22 Pacific Oc., New crevices with Zealand (Snares Is.) barnacles and sponges - C. simplicia (Thornson, ? Indian Oc., W Aus- algae 1946) tralia .(Swan River Cruranthura simplicia Estuary) Thomson, 1946 I WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA. ISOPODA) 113

1 12 I 3

- C. squamosissima Men- 18-91 Pacific Oc., Califor-, algae (Ma- zies, 1951 ilia cracystis) Califanthura squamosissima (Menzies, 1951) - C. tenuis Richardson, ?. Atlantic Oc., Ber- 1902 mudas Is. -,type species - - C. uncinata Kensley, 1978 150-775 Indian Oc., S Africa (N Natal to Trans- kei) - C. sp. - Kensley, 1982* 498 Atlantic Oc., N America, off New Jersey CORALANTHURA Poore & Kensley, 1981 [PI - C. ardea Poore & Kensley, 1981: 1 see EXPANATHURA - C. endeavourae Poore & 1-15 Pacific Oc., NE reefs Kensley, 1981 Australia, Coral Sea - type species - CORTEZURA Schultz, 1977 [A1 - C. penascoensis Schultz, ? Pacific Oc., Califor- 1977 nia G. (Sonora) - type species - CRURANTHURA Thomson, 1944: see COLANTHURA CRUREGENS Chilton, 1882 [PI - C. fontanus Chilton, 1882 40 cm- New Zealand (South subterrane- - type species - 95 cm / 1sland.North Island) an, fresh- water, wells ; gravel CURASSANTHURA Kens- ley, 1981 [PI - C. canariense Wagele intertidal Atlantic,Oc., Canary gravel Is. (Lanzarote Is.) 1.5 Caribbean Sea, Cu- hypersaline 77, 199 C. halma Kensley, 1981 - iboveraCao Ism interstitial - type species - tide water; coral line rubble, gra- ' vel, rocks, interstices CYATHURA Norman & Steb- bing, 1886 [A] - C. beroni Andreev Pacific Oc., New 212 1 Guinea I I - 114 ILEANA NECOESCU, JOlIANN W. WACELE

- C. burbancki Franken- 16-77 Atlantic Oc., N brackish wa- berg, 1965 America (off Geoj- ter (estua- gia, C. Cod to ries); sand C. Hatteras) - C. carinata (Kroyer, 1847) 0-36 NE Atlantic Oc., freshwater - type species - Baltic Sea (Sweden, and brackish Anthura brunea Harger, Poland, Germany, water - ri- 1873 Denmark), Riel Ca- vers, estua- Anthura carinata Kroyer, nal, North Sea, Hol- ries, lagoons ; 1847 land, SE England, marine ; bur- English Channel, rows into Ireland, N a. W grounds; in- France ; Mediter- terstices, ranean (Morocco, worms tubes Algeria, Egypt, !s- rael, Turkey, Adna- tic Sea); S Africa, Asia are doubtful localities Pacitic Oc., South subterranean China Sea, N Kali- freshwater, mantan Is. (Borneo cave Is). - C. crucis Barnard, 1925. 7 Caribbean Sea, St. Croix, Virgin Is. - C. cubana Negoescu, 1979 4 Caribbean Sen, SF' mangroves Cuba - C. cuborientalis Botosa- ? Caribbean Sea, E freshwater, neanu & Stock, 1982 Cuba interstitial. alluvia (gra- vel, sand) - C. curassavica Stork, 1940 ? Caribbean Sea, Cu- freshwater, raqao Is. interstitial, wells - C. eremophila Monod, 1925; ? Atlantic Oc., W from fishes Africa, Mauritania stomach - C. estnaria Barnard, 1914 ? Atlantic Oc. a. In- freshwater dian Oc., S Africa and brackish (Langebaan Lagoon, water; mud Zwartkops River to Znluland) Suez Canal; Indian Oc., Arabian S. (.W of Karachi) -.C. higosnsis Nunomura, ? Pacific Oc., Japan mouth of 1977 river - C. hummelincki Botosa- 0.5-2 Caribbean Sea, subterrane- neanu & Stock, 1982 Aruba Is. an, freshwa- ter and bra- ckish water; I gravel, sand, mud WORLD LIST OF THE ANTIIURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 116

- C. indica Barnard, 1925* Indian Oc., SW In- I dia, Ceylon Is.; Pacific Oc., Thai- I land, Singapore - C. kikuchii Nunomura, 1977 Pacific Oc., Japan estuaries ; sand, mud, I Zostera bed - C. liouvillei Monod, 1925: see MONODANTHURA - C. milloti Chappuis, Dela- Tndian Oc., RCunion subterrane- mare Deboutteville & Pau- Is. an, intersti- lian, 1956 tial, fresh- water - C. motasi Botosaneanu & Caribbean Sea, Haiti subterrane- Stock, 1982 Is. an, freshwa- ter, wells - C. munda Menzies, 1951 Pacific Oc., Califor- algae nia - C. muromiensis Nunomura, Pacific Oc., Japan estuaries ; 1974 Sea, Japan (Sado sand, mud Is,) N Kyushu Is.) - C. numeae Wagele, 1982 Pacific Oc., New Ca- subterrane- 19'7 ledonia an, littoral interstitial, beach; sand, gravel - C. orghidani Negoescu-VlEi- Caribbean Sea, W subterra- 209 descn, 1983 Cuba nean, fresh water, cave, lake; mud - C. parapotarnica Botosa- Caribbean Sea, Ja- subterrane- 22 neanu & Stock, 1982 maica Is. an, freshwa- ter; aluvia (stones, gra- vel, sand, mud, detri- . tus) - C. polita (Stimpson, 1855) W Atlantic Oc., Ca- freshwater, 26, 27, Anthura polita Stimpson, nada to Mexico G. brackish wa- 29, 30, 31, 1855 ter; estua- 32, 33, 49, . Cyathura carinata sensu Ri- ries, tidal 8% 9% chardson, 1905 marshes; ve- 105, 111, Cyalura carinata sensu getation; 141, 161, Norman & Stebbing, 1884 sand, mud, 167, 182 detritus; tu- bicolous - C. profunda Kensley, 19821 Atlantic Oc., Argen- ? 79 tine Basin - C. pusilla Stebbing, 1904 Indian Oc.. E Africa mixtura of (Wasin?), Ceylon Is. salt and fresh water, ? - C. robertiana Monod, 1925 : see Apanthura - C. rudloei Kensley, 1980 0-73 Indian Oc., Mozam- ? hique; Pacific Oc., 1 I Siam G. (Thailand) - C. salpiscinalis Botosa- ? Caribbean Sea,'Haiti subterrane- peanu & Stock, 1982 1 Is. an, interatiti- al, brackish water, shore lakes; allu- via (gravel, sand) - C. sbordonii Argano, 1971 ? SE Mexice, S Cor- subterrane- doba an, freshwa- 1 ter, cave

- C. siamensis Barnard, 1925: see CAENANTHURA - C. specus' Bowman, 1965 Caribbean Sea, N suhterrane- Cuba an, freshwa- ter, cave, lake; mud - C. truneata Hansen, 1916, see MALACANTHURA - C. univam Botosaneanu, S America, Vene- sub terra- 1983 zuela. Morocoy Pen., nean, o'igo- Cuevas de Mayor- haline, cave quines - C. sp. - Botosaneanu & Caribbean Sea, Haiti subterrane- Stock, 1982* Is. an, freshwa- ter, wells; sand, roots - C. sp. - Botosaneanu & Caribbean Sen, subterrane- Stock, 1982 Saint-Martin Is. an, freshwa- ter, stream - C. sp. - Buchanan, 1958.1 6-15 Atlantic Oc., off sand Ghana - C. sp. - Nunomura, 1977* (?)0- Pacific Oc., Japan beach, shells 1 15 (E Shikoku Is.) - C. sp. - PetrBnio & Koen- Atlantic Oc., N a. ? ing, 1972* ? NE Brazil DIAPHORANTHURA Kens- ley, 1980 [PI - D. cracens Kensley, 1980 ~~di~~oc., M~~~~- 1 76 - type species - bique, off Somalia - D. hapla Kensley, 1980 Indian Oc., Mozam- bique, N Madagas- EDANTHURA Boone, 1923: car, E St. Mauritius nomen nudum - E. linearis Boone, 1923: no- . men nudum WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 117 . .

EISOTHISTOS Haswell, 1884 [HI - E. anomala (Kensley, 1980) 1-1.5 Indian Oc., N Ma- corals, spon- Heteranthura anomala dagascar (Nosi Be) ges Kensley, 1980 * - E. antarcticus Vanhoffen, 252-385 Antarctica (Adelie tubicolous 1914 Land, Wilhem I1 (?) Land, Ross Sea, Weddell S.) - E. atlanticus Vanhoffen, 9-10 Atlantic Oc.. Cape ? 1914* Verde Is., Caribbean Sea (St. Thomas Is.) - E. bataviae Kensley & PO-/ 1.3 Indian Oc., W AUS- reef; coral ore, 1982 tralia (Houtman rubble, ~01~- Abrolhas Is., Rat chaets tubes Is.) - E. crateris Kensley, 1976 1 S Indian Oc., St. rock rubble, Paul Is. sponges, bryozoa - E. macrurus Wigele, 19791 Mediterranean, Tyr- rocks, poly- rllenian Sea, Naples chaets tubes G. ; Israel (Serpulidae) - E. maledivensis Wagele, Indian Oc., Maldive atoll ; corals, 1979 Is. polychaets tubes - E. minutus Sivertsen & S Atlantic Oc., Tris- algae (Litho- Holthuis, 1980 tan da Cunha Is. thamnion, Macrocystis) - E. moreirai (Pires, 1981) Atlantic Oc., S algae (Sar- Heteranthura moreirai Brazil (Sgo Paulo) gassum, Ga- Pires, 1981 i laxaura) - E. pumilus Wagele, 1979 Mediterranean, Na- polychaets ples G. tubes (Ser- pulidae) - E. vermiformis Haswell, Pacific Oc., SE polychaets 1884* Australia (New tubes - type species - South Wales-Wa- tson's B.) EXALLANTHURA ~enslev.1 1980 [A] - E. scxpes Kensley, 1980 Indian Oc., off - type species- ' Somalia, off Singa- 'I pore EXANTHURA Barnard, 1914 [A1 - E. adinae Negoescu, 1980 NW Indian Oc., mud, sand, Oman G., Aden G. calcareous algae, maerl - E. austroafricana (Kensley, 19-620 Atlantic Oc. a. In- ? 1982) dian Oc., S Africa Exanthura jiliformis sensu (Saldanha B. to Barnard, 1920, Nierstrasz, Natal) 1941, Kensley, 1975 118 ILEANA NECOESCU. JOHANN W. WAGELE

Haliophasma austroafrica- nu Kensley, 1982 - E. filiformis (Lucas, 1849) sensu Larwood, 1940: see ALLOANTHURA - E. macrura Barnard, 1914 Atlantic Oc. a. In- polychaets - type species - dian Oc., S Africa tubes (Liideritz to False B.) - E. sp. - Kensley, 1975* Indian Oc. S Africa rocks, coarse (Still B.) sand EXPANATHURA Wagele, 1981 [PI - E. amstelodami (Kensley, 15-80 Indian Oc., Moram- rocks crevi- 65, 76, 1976) bique, S Madagas- ces, kelp 80, 192 - type species - car, S Africa (Natal), holdfasts, Panahura amstelodami Amsterdam Is. epifauna of Kensley, 1976 I bryozoans and sponges - E. ardea (Poore & Kensley, 3-5 Indian Oc., W Au- reef; coral 154 1981) stralia (Houtman rubble, algae Coralanrhura ardea Poore & Abrolhas Is.): Paci- Kensley, 1981 fic Oc., E Australia, Panathura ardea (Poore & S Great Barrier Reef Kensley, 1981) -E. collaris (Kensley, 1979) 1-3 Pacific Oc., Fiji Is. reef; coral 73 Panathura collaris Kensley, (Cook Is.) rubble, al- 1979 gae, coarse sediment - E. haddae (Kensley & Po- 1.3 Indian Oc., W Ans- reef; coral 82 ore.1982) tralia (Houtman rubble Panathura haddae Kensley Abrolhas Is.) & Poore, 1982 - E. macronesia (Kensley, 1-1.5 Indian Oc., N Ma- ? 1 76 1980) dagascar, E Mauri- Panathura macronesia Ken- tius Is. I sley, 1980 FILANTHURA Wagele, 1981 : 192 see MALACANTHURA HALIOPHASMA has well,^ 1881 [A]

- H. alaticauda Amar, 1966 470-500 Mediterranean, S mud France (Lyon G.- - H. austroafricana Kensley, Cassis B.) 1982: see EXANTHURA - H. barnardi (Monod, 1927): see NOTANTHURA - H. caecus Kensley, 1975: see CENTRANTHURA - WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 119

- H. canale Poore, 1975 Pacific Oc., SE clayey-silt 1 Australia (Victoria) to coarse sa- nd sediments - H. caprii Wagele, 1981 Mediterranean, Tyr- rhenian Sea (bet- ween Capri Is. a. Sorrent Pen.) - H. coronicauda Barnard, 1925: see MALACANTHURA - H. cribensis Poore, 1975 7-15 Pacific Oc., SE sand Australia (Victoria) - H. curri Paul & Menzies, Caribbean Sea, Ve- 1971 nezuela (Cariaco Ba- sin) ; Pacific Oc., Pa- nama B. - H. cycneum Poore, 1975 Pacific Oc., SE mud I Australia (Victoria) - H. dakarensis Barnard, 21-26 Atlantic Oc., W 1925* I Africa (Dakar) - H. elong'atum Poore, 1915 21-72 Pacific Oc., SE muddy sand Australia (New to gravelly South Wales) 1 sand - H. falcatum Poore, 1975 1 Pacific Oc., SE sandy gra- Australia (Victoria) vel, fine sand - mud sediments -H. foveolata Barnard, 1940: see MALACANTHURA - H. geminata Menzies &Bar- Pacific Oc., S sand. clay, nard, 1959 Calfornia (Santa Ca- mud Silaphasma geminaturn talina Is., Santa Ro- (Menzies & Barnard, 1959) sa Is., Monterey B., Bahia San Quentin) - H. hermani Barnard, 1940: see MALmNTHuRA I - H. irmae Paul & Menzies, 1971: see NEMANTHURA - H. maculata Haswell, 1981 : see MESANTHURA - H. ornatum Barnard, 1957: see MALACANTHURA - H. palmatum Wagele, 1981 Red Sea, Elat G. reef, lagoon ; sand - H. pinnatum Poore, 1975 Pacific 0.. SE sand Australia (New South Wales) 120 ILEANA NEGOESCU. JOHANN W. WAGELE

- H. poorei Kensley, 1980 55-95 Indian Oc., off So- malia, India (off Bombay) - H. pseudocarinata Barnard, 1940: see MALACANTHU- R A - H. pugnatum Poore, 1975 0-16 Pacific Oc., SE muddy to Australia (Victoria) coarse sand sediments - H. purpurea Haswell, 1881 ? Pacific Oc., SE ? - type species - Australia (New South Wales) - H. syrtis Poore, 1975 Pacific Oc., SE sand Australia, Queens- 1 12.5 land (Moreton B.) - H. tricarinata Barnard, 48-183 Atlantic Oc. a. 1925 Indian Oc., S Africa (Saldanha B. to S of East London) - H. valeriae Paul & Menzies 1971: see NEMANTHURA - H. yarra Poore, 1975 Indian Oc., S silty sand to Australia (Victoria- sandy sedi- Port Phillip B.) ments HEPTANTHURA Kensley, 1978 [HI - H. novaezealandiae Kens Pacific Oc., New ley, 1978 Zealand (North Is- - type species - land) - H. sp. - Kensley & Poore, Indian Oc., W reef; coral 1982* Australia (Houtman ~bble Abrolhas Is., Rat Is.) HETERANTHURA Kensley, 1980: see EISOTHISTOS I HOROLOANTHURA Men- zies & Frankenberg. 1966: see KUPELLONU~and NEOHY SSURA HYSSURA Norman & Steb bing, 1886 [HI - H. ligurica Wagele, 1981 Mediterranenn, Li- gurinn Sea - H. producta Norman & N Atlantic Oc. Stebbing, 1886 - type species - Mediterranean (? - H. profunda Barnard, 1925.1 2018 off Corsica Is.) WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 121

- H. spinicauda Walker, 1901: see NEOHYSSURA INDANTHURA Pillai & Eapen, 1966 [A] - I. carinata Pillai & Eapen, 36 Indian Oc., SW mud 1966 India KATANTHURA Nierstrasz, 1941: see ACCALATRURAI KENSLEYANTHURA Wa- gefe, 1981 : see KUPELLONURA KUPELLONURA Barnard, 1925 [HI - K. capensis (Kensley, 1975) 128400 Atlantic a. Indian sand, clay, Horoloanthura capensis Oc., S Africa (Lam- mud Kensley, 1975 bert's B. to Agulhas Kensleyamhura capensis Bank) (Kensley, 1975) - K. formosa (Bfenzies & 10-90 Atlantic Oc., off Frankenkerg, 1966) Georgia, E Florida Panathura formosa Menzies & Frankenberg, 1966 - K. mediterranea Barnard, 70-880 Mediterranean, Tyr- 1925 rhenian Sea, Naples - type species - G., Sicily (Messina) -K. serritelson Mediterranean, Tyr- rhizomes of 1981 rhenian Sea, Naples Posidonia o- Belizanthura imswe Kens- G.: Atlantic Or., ceanic~,sand ley, 1982 Bermudas ; Carib- with mud; bean Sea, Belize mangroves I (Carrie Bow Cay, (algal bed) ; Twin Cays) coral mbble, coarse sedi- ments LEPTANTHURA Sars, 1897 [PI -L. affinis (Bonnier, 1896) 516- Atlantic Oc., Biscay Calathura affinis Bonnier, 2185 B.. Canary Is., Sier- 1896 ra Leone Basin, Gu- iana Basin - L. agulhasensis Kensle~, 26-320 Atlantic a. Indiah gavel, shells, 1975 Oc., S Africa (Sal- sand, mud danha B. to East London) - L. antarctica Kussakin, 206-540 Antarctica, Davis gavel, sand, 1967 Sea mud - L. apalpata Wagele, 1981 300-800 Mediterranean, Tyr- rhenian Sea, Capri Is. - L. argentinae Kensley, 1982 1002- Atlantic Oc., Argen- 1 4392 1 tina Basin I ? - L. australis (Haswell, 1881) Pacific Oc., Austra- ? Paranthura australis lia (N. Dnndas Str., Haswell, 1881 Queensland, New South Wales) - L. boweni Poore, 1981 7-329 Pacific Oc., SE sandy to sil- Australia (New ty-sand sedi- i I South Wales, Vic- ments toria) - L. chiltoni (Beddard, 1886)* 1274 Pacific OC.. N 1 mud Paranthura chiltoni New Zealand Beddard, 1886 - L. crassicornis asw well,/ i 1881): see ULAKANTHURA - L. diemenensis (Haswell,l 0-192 1 Pacific Oc., S coarse sand, so, 150 1884) Tasmania (Hobart), shells ~arkhuradimenensis E a. S Australia Haswell, 1884 (Queensland, New South Wales, Vic- toria) - L. elegans Birstein, 1963 1226 NW Pacific Oc., ? 18, 92 Kurile Is. - L. faurei Barnard, 1914: see Leptanthura laevigata (Stimpson, 1855) - L. flindersi Poore, 1981 1 12-24 1 Pacific OC., E Tas- reef; sand mania, SE Australia and coralli- (New South Wales) nes - L. glacialis Hodgson, 1910 50- 5216 Antarctica (~6s~ Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Weddel Sea); I I Atlantic Oc., King George Is., Shetland Is., Argentina Ba- sin, Brazil (off Reci- fe) - L. guianae Kensley, 1982 516- Atlantic Oc., Guiana 1 1487 1 Basin - L. hendili Wolff, 1956 6490- Pacific Oc., Indo- clay I 207 6650 nesia, Banda Trench - L. kapala Poore, 1978 1200 Pacific Oc., S Aus- tralia (New South Wales) - L. laevigata (Stimpson, 5-1360 Atlantic Oc., S rocks, 1855) I I Africa (Saldanha B. shells, sand, ~nth;ralaevigata to Cape Pen.); In- coral rubble Stimpson, 1855 dian Oc., S Africa Leptanthura faurei (Cape Pen. to Agul- Barnard, 1914 has Bank; Durban WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA. ISOPODA) 123

to Mozambique Cha- nnel), Madagascar, E Mauritius Is., off Su- malera - L. melanomma Vanhnffen, 186 1914: see PARANTHURA - L. micrura Kensley, 1982 520- Atlantic Oc., Gu- ? 79 2494 iana Basin, Brazil (off Recife) - L. minuta Kensley, 1978 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (Katal) - L. muelleri Negoescu, 1980 Mediterranean, Li- heterogene- b ya ous bottoms - L. murrayi Poore, 1981 Pacific Oc., S sand, muddy Australia (Victoria) sand - L. natalensis Kensley, 1978 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (off Natal) - L. nigrocaudata Nunomura, 1975 : see PARANTHURA,I 1' - L. nunana Poore, 1978 Pacific Oc., S 'sand, mud Australia (Victoria) 1 8-22 I - L. orientalis Barnard, 1925* lndian Oc., Singa-

-- L. sculpta Pasternak, 1982 Mediterranean, Tyr- 1113 rhenian Sea 1 1I .- L. tenuis (Sars, 1873) 0-1500 N Atlantic Oc., rocks, cor- - type species - North Sea, Norway als, sand, Paranthura tenuis Sars, (Bergen), Skagerrak mud, crevi- 1873 Str., Denmark, Bis- ces, polych- cay B., Portugal, W aets tubes, Gibraltar clay - L. thalassae Negoescu, 24-110 NW Indian Oc., maerl, sand 1980 / / Aden G. -- L. thori Barnard, 1925. N Atlantic Oc., ? S off Iceland Is. - L. truncata Richardson, Atlantic Oc., W muddy sand 1911* Africa, Mauritaria (N Arguin Bank) I - L. urospinosa Kensley, 1975 Indian Oc., S rocks, gra- 64, 80 Africa (False B. vel, shells, to Still B.) sand - L. victori Negoescu Atlantic Oc., mud 1 214 I SE Biscay B. I -- L. sp. - Kensley, 1982, Atlantic Oc., Canary Is., Sierra Leone Ba- sin, Guiana Basin, Brazil (off Recife) - L. sp. - Lo Bianco, 1903* Mediterranean, E Galli di Positano 124 ILEANA NEGOESCU, JOHANN W. WACELE

1 121 3 I 4 - L. sp. -Menzies, 1962* 2997 1 Atlantic Oc.. W ? Africa (Congo Sub- marine Cn.) MALACANTHURA Bar- nard, 1925 [A] - hi. antarctica Kensley, 1982 454--513 Antarctica, Weddell ? Sea - M. cantabrica Kensley, 1982: see Malacanthura fre- sii (Wagele, 1980) - M. caribbica Paul & Men- 42-95 Caribbean Sea, Ca- ? zies, 1971 lombia, Venezuela Filanthura caribbica (Paul & Menzies, 1971) - M. coronicauda (Barnard, 7-174 Atlantic a. Indian coarse sand, 1925) Oc., S Africa (Sal- shells Haliophasrna coronicauda danha B. to Still B.) Barnard, 1925 - M. cumanensis Paul & 95 Caribbean Sea, Ve- ? Menzies. 1971 I nezuela Filanthura cumanensis (Paul & Menzies, 1971) - M. foveolata (Barnard, 0-120 Atlantic a. Indian stones, cora- 1940) Oc.. S Africa (Sal- Ilines, shel- Haliophasrna foveolata danha B. to Port ls, coarse Barnard, 1940 Elizabeth) sand, worms tubes -M. fresii (Wiigele, 1980)'290-1739 Atlantic Oc.,Biscay Anthelura fresii Wagele, H ; Mediterranean, 1980 Tyrrhenian Sea., Malaeanthura cantabrica E Capri Is. Kensley, 1982 - M. hermani (Barnard, 1940) 0-?15 Indian Oc., S Africa cavity in Haliophasrna hermani (Hermanus C.) root-stock of Barnard, 1940 coral Allopo- ra - M. linguicauda (Barnard, 90-190 Indian Oc., S Africa sponges 1920) (Cape Pen:, Natal) - type species - Anthura linguicauda Barnard, 1920 Apanthura linguicaudcr (Barnard, 1920) 1 I - M. mombasa Kensley, 1980 lndian Oc., E Africa, reef i 3.5 1 S Mombasa - M. ornata (Barnard, 1957) Atlantic Oc., S Afri- ? Haliophasma ornatum ca (Table B.) Barnard, 1957 - M. pseudocarinata (Bar- 04 Atlantic a. Indian rocks. stones nard, 1940) Oc., S Africa (Sal- Haliophasma pseudocari- danha B. to Port nata Barnard, 1940 Elizabeth) WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN SO PODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 128

- M. schotteae Kensley, 1982 80-775 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (Still B. to Transkei) - M. serenasinus (~ensle~,l5-125 Atlantic a. Indian rocks, gravel, 1975) 1 Oc., S Africa (Sal- coral rubble, ~~uianthuraserenasinus danha B. to Still B.) shells, fine Kensley, 1975 sediments - M. transkei Kensley, 1982 710-775 Indian Oc., S Africa ? I (Transkei) - M. truncata (Hansen, 1916)j 516- Atlantic Oc., Green- 3 Cyathura truncata Hansen, 2870 land (Davis Str.), 1916 Biscay B., Canary Anthel~rratruncata (Hansen Is., Sierra Leone a. 1916) Guiana Basin MESANTHURA ~nrnard,l 1914 [A] , - M. albinotata Thomson, worms tubes, 1 185 1951* I - M. albolineata ~arnard,! Indian Oc., Singa- ? 1925* I pore - M. bipunctata Thomson, Indian Oc., W Aus- worms tubes, 1951* tralia (Rottnest Is.) sponges - M. brasiliensis Koening, Atlantic Oc., Brazil calcarous 1980 (Paraiha a. Pernam- algae, Hali- buco States) meda bot- I tom;, a. Ha- lodule beds - M. callicera Pires, 1981 Atlantic Oc., S Sargassum, Brazil (Ubatuba) Galaxaura Atlantic a. Indian stones Oc., S Africa (Table - type species - B. to East London) Anthura catsnula Stimpson, 1855 - M. childi Kensley, 1979 Pacific Oc., Fiji Is. reef; coral l1 rubble + - Af. decorata Menzies & Glynn, 1968: see Mesan- thura pulchra Barnard, 1925 - M. dimorpha Kensley, 1982 84-90 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (Natal to Port Eli- zabeth) - M. excelsa Pires, 1981 ? Atlantic Oc., S Uloa Brazil (Itanhaem) - M. fasciata Kensley, 1982 0-24 Caribbean Sea, Be- coral rubble, lize (Carrie now Cay) sand, Tha- lassia, Sy- ringodium 126 ILEANA NEGOLSCU, JOHANN W. U'ACELE

1 12 5 - M. floridensis Menzies & 18.3- Atlantic Oc., Mexico Kruczyr,.ski, 1983 1 36.6 G. (ce:ltral W Flo- rida) - M. gerlachi Wagele, 1981 India11Oc., Maldives reef, lagoon ; Is. sand with I Od4 detritus, co- rals - M. hieroglyphica Miller & ? Pacific Oc., Hawaii ? Menzies, 1952 Is. - M. javensis Wagele, upper Indian Oc., Java sandy-corally littoral Is. (Seribu Is.) bottom - M. maculata (Haswell. 1881) 0-95 Indian Oc., S reef; sea- Anihura $finis hilto on, Madagascar, S In- weed 1882 (?). , 'I dia (Comorin C.), Haliophasma maculata Ceylon Is.; Paclfic Haswell, 1881 Oc., SE Australia ~Mesanthura miersi (New South Wales, (Haswell, 1881) Victoria), New Zeal- =- Paranthura miersi and (South Island) Haswell, 1885 (?) - M. miersi (Haswell, 1881) see Mesanthura maculat (Haswell, 1881) - M. miyakoensis Nuno~lura, 3 Pacific Oc., S Japan, reef; rocks 1979 Ryukyu Is. - M. nigrodorsalis Nuno- ? Pacific Oc., Japan, Sargassum mura, 1977 Amakusa Is. - M. nubifera Wagele, iiltertidal Pacific Oc., Baja Ca- lifornia, Turner Is. - M. occidentalis Menzies & 0-55 Pacific Oc., Califor- coarse sand, Barnard, 1959. nia G. (Bahia de San red algae, I Quintin) dead kelp - M. ocellata Barnard, 1925* Pacific Oc., Siam G., ? 1 Thailand - M. paucidens Menzies 8 Caribbean Sea, reef; rocks, Glynn, 1968 Puerto Rico ,Belize stones, Fa- vel, coral rubble; al- gae (Lauren- cia) ; man- groves, sand, Thalassia, Syringodium, - M. protei Kensley, 1980 Indian Oc., Mozam- reef; coral bique, Madagascar, rubble; in W Australia (Hout- sponge man Abrolhns Is.); Thailand G. (Ko- Sichang) - M. pulchra Barnard, 1925 2- 33 Atlantic Oc., Mexico reef; stones, ~Wesanthura decorata Men- G., S Florida (Dry coral rubble, zies & Glynn, 1968 Tortugas) ; Caribbe- sand, algae an Sea, Belize, St. Thomas Is., St. John Is., Puerto Rico WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 127

- M. punctillata Kensley, Caribbean Sea, Be- coral rubble 1982 lize (Carrie Bow Cay) - M. reticulata Kensley, 1982 Caribbean Sea, Be- coarse sedi- lize (Carrie Bow Cay) ments - M. sp. - Brusca, 1973* Pacific Oc., N Cali- algae Mesanthura occiden- fornia G. talis Menzies & Bar- nard, 1959 (?) - M. sp. - PetrGnio & Koen- Atlantic Oc., N a. ing*, 1972 NE Brazil (C. Oran- ge to C. Frio) - M. sp. - Poore, 1981* ? S Pacific Oc., S New Zealand (Snares, Is.) - M. sp. - Wagel? 0.24 Indian Oc., Java Is., Pulau Nirvanah METANTHURA Nierstrasz, 1941: see ACCALA- THURA MINYANTHURA Kensley, 6-24 1982 [P ?] - M. corallicola Kensley, 1982 Caribbean Sea, Beli- coral rubble 78 - type species - ze (Carrie Bow Cay) MONODANTHURA Wagelei & Platvoet, 1982 [A] - M. liouvillei (Monod, 1925) ? Atlantic Oc., NW ? 1 Cyathura liouvillei Africa (Morocco, Monod, 1925 Mauritania) Anthelura liouvillei (Monod, 1925) AM. maroccana Wagele & 0-?15 Atlantic Oc., NU' sand, Zostera 203 Platvoet, 1982 Africa (Morocco) - type species - NATALANTHURA Kensley, 1978: see APANTHUROIDES NEMANTHURA Wagele, 1981 [A] - N. irmae (Pan1 & Menzies, 95 1971) Halwphasma irmae Paul & Menzies, 1971 - N. valeriae (Paul & Men- 95 Caribbean Sea, off zies, 1971) Venezuela - type species - Haliophasma valeriae Paul & Menzies, 1971 N. sp. - 58-173 Atlantic a. Indian ? 14 192 Exanrhura ji1iformi.s Oc., S Africa (Table sensu Barnard, 1958 (?) B. to Agulhas Bank) 128 ILEANA NECOESCU, JOHANN W. WAGELE

- NEOANTHURA Menzies, 1956 [PI - N. coeca Menzies, 1956 Caribbean Sea, S pteropod and - type species - Jamaica Is. ] r LEPTANTHURA (?) ooze NEOHY SSURA Amar, [HI 19j21 - N. irpex (Menzies & Fran- 87 Atlantic Oc., N kenberg, 1966) America, off Georgia Horoloanthura irpex Menzies & Frankenberg, 1966 - N. ekolops Kensley, 1978 90-850 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (East London to Na- tal) -N. spinicauda (Walker, 1901) 140 Mediterranean, sand, rhizo- - type species - France, Corsica Is., mes of Posi- Hyssura spinicauda Walker, Naples G., Morocco, donia oceani- 1901 Libya ca NOTANTHURA Monod, 1927 [A1 - N. barnardi Monod, 1927 ? Atlantic Oc., W brackish - type species - Africa, Guinea G., water, man- Haliophasma barnardi Niger Delta, Came- groves; from (Monod, 1927) run Das yatis margarila stomach OCSASTHURA Kensley, 1978 [HI - 0. bacescui George & Ne- ? 51 goescu-YlHdescu, 1982 North Carolina - 0. gracilis Kensley, 1982 1500- Atlantic Oc., Ber- / 1700 1 mudas Is. I 79 - 0. vimsae Kensley, 1978 Atlantic Oc., N fine sand - type species - America (New Jer- sey, Virginia), Ca- nary Is., Guiana a. Argentina Basin Oniscus gracilis Montagu, 1808 : ANTHURA PANATHURA Barnard, 1925 [PI - P. amstelodarni Kensley 1976: see EXPANATHURA - P. ardea (Poore & Kensley, I 82, 154 1981): see EXPANATHURA I I I - P. collaris Kensley, 1979:l see EXPANATHURA i WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURADEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA. ISOPODA) 129

- P. formosa Menzies & Frankenberg, 1966: see KUPELLONURA - P. haddae (Kensley & Poore, 1982): see EXPANATHURA - P. macronesia Kensley, 1980: see EXPANATHURA - P. serricauda (Barnard, 0-90 Atlantic a. Indian holdfnsts of 7, 8, 65, 1920) Oc., S Africa (Lii- the kelp 80, 192 - type species - deritz to Fast Lon- Ecklonia Apanthura serricauda don), SW Madagas- maxima Barnard, 1920 car, St. Paul Is. PARANTHURA Bate & Westwood, 1866 [PI - P. alba Nunomura, 1977 0-?15 Pacific Oc., Japan boulders, 136 (Tsujishima Is. j shells, sand - P. algicola Nunomura, ? Pacific Oc., Califor- "rocky 137 1978* nia beach" wos- hed from algae - P. antarctica Kussakin, 3-334 S Indian Oc., Crozet rocks, peb- 90 1967 Is., Kerguelen Is. ; bles, mud Antarctica, Princess Astrid Land, Atka B. - P. antillensis Barnard, 29 Caribbean Sea, St. ? 8. 1925* John Is., St. James Is. - P. arctica (Heller, 1878): 61 see CALATHURA - P. argentinae Kussakin, 399-508 Atlantic Oc., Argen- ? 90 1967 tina Basin - P. astrolabium Kensley, 5-13 Pacific OC., Fiji Is. reef; calcare- 73 1979 ous algal rubble - P. australis Haswell, 1881: 57 nomen dubium (see LEPTANTHURA) - P. barnardi Paul & Menzies, 95 Caribbean Sea, off ? 143 1971* Venezuela (Cariaco Trench) - P. bellicauda Miller & Men- ? Pacific Oc., Hawaii ? 112 zies, 1952 Is.. - P. brachiata (Stimpson- 180 1854): see CALATHURA - P. californiae Nunomura, 18-27 Pacific Oc., California ? 137 1978, G. (Magdalena B.) 130 ILEANA NEGOESCU, JOHANN W. U'KGELE

1 121 3 14 Is - P. caribbiensis Kensley, shallow Caribbean Sea, Be- mangroves ; 78 1982 water lize(Carrie Bow Cay) coral rubble - P. chiltoni Beddard, 1886: I 17 see LEPTANTHURA - P. ciliata Whitelegge, 1901: 206 see Paranthura flagellata (Chilton, 1882) - P. costana Bate & West- 0-355 Mediterranean, rocks, stones, 8, 16,46, 47, wood, 1866 France. Corsica Is., vegetation 92, 113, 117, - type species - Italy (Naples G.), (Cystoseira 130, 160, A nthura gracilis sensu Turkey; Atlantic Halopteris, 174, 186, Milne Edwards, 1840 Oc., English Cha- Padina, rhi- 200 Idotea penicillata Risso, nnel, SW England, zomes of 1816 (?) N France, Shetland Posidonia Leptanthura melanomma Is., Canary Is., Cape oceanica, Zo- Vanhoffen, 1914 Verde Is., Morocco stera) Oliska penicillnta Risso, 1816 (?) Paranthura nigropunctata Norman & Stebbing, 1886 - P. crassicornis Haswell, 57 1881: see ULAKAN- THUR A - P. dimenensis Haswell, 60 1884 : see LEPTANTHURA - P. elegans Menzies, 1951 * 0-55 Pacific Oc.9 Califor- rocks, algal 92, 100, 108, nia holdfasts of 167 Macrocystis, Laminaria ; coralline al- gae - P. flagellata (Chilton, 1882) 0-107 Pacific Oc.9 S Aus- seaweed in 37, 153, 205 Anthura flagellata Chilton, tral~a (New South rock-poo~s, 1882 Wales), New Zea- crustose and Paranthura ciliaia White- land (South Islaod) red algae legge, 1901 Snares Is. - P. floridensis hlenzies & 73.2 Atlantic Oc.9 Mexico ? 208 Kruczynski, 1983 G. (W Florida) - P. gracilipes Tordenstam, 30-40 Pacific Oc.9 Juan sand, calca- 129 1930 Fernandez Is. reous algae - p. hasticauda Sunomura, ? Pacific Oc.9 Japan, sand 131 1974 Kii Pen. (Hiki River mouth) - p. infundibulata Richard- 0.30- Atlantic Oc., Ber- reef; c~raJ 156, 157, son, 1902 0.60 mudas, E Florida; rubble 167 Paranthura verrillii Ri-1 Caribbean Sea, Be- chardson, 1902 lize (Carrie Bow Cay), St. Thomas Is. D : 1. WTL:+,I,,,, 1 01- nc / pacific OC.. SE us- ? 1 206 - I . nrxrvauru n r.ncr;nr,ee~, I 1901* tralia (~eivSouth

I

1 See: L.B, Flolthuis, 1977-The dates of publication of C. Spence Bate and J.O. West- wood's "A history of british sessile-eyed Crustacea". Crustaceana, 33,3: 313-316. WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA,ISOPODA) 131

- P. japonica Richardson, 3-7 Pacific Oc., Japan algae (Sar- 1910 Sea, Japan (Hok- gassum) kaido Is. to Kyushu Is.), Okhotsk Sea - P. kobensis Nunomura, Pacific Oc., Japan ? 1975* (Osaka G.) - P. laticauda Nunomura, Pacific Oc., Japan calcareous 1975 I (Osaka G.) algae - P. latipes Barnard, 1955* &?15 Indian Oc., Mozam- sand banks bique (Inhambane and cou- B.) crete piles - P. lifuensis Stebbing, 1900 72-146 Pacific Oc., Ohhotsk ? Sea, China Sea, Loy- alty Is. - P. linearis (Boone, 1923): nomen nudum - P. lineata Nunomura, 19771 Pacific Oc., Japan (Tomioka B.) - P. longitelson Wegele upper Pacific Oc., Cali- littoral fornia G. - P. maculosa Nunomura, 4 Pacific Oc., Japan, rocks, algae 1974* Kii Pen. (Hiki River (Sargassum) mouth) - P. miersi Haswell, 1884: see MESANTHURA - P. nana Nordenstam, 1930 Pacific Oc., Juan calcareous Fernandez Is. algne - P. neglecta Beddard, 1886* Indian Oc., Kergue- volcanic mud len Is. - P. nigrocaudata (Nuno- Pacific Oc., Japan, sand, rocks, 133, 136 mura, 1975) Osaka G. algae (Coral- Leptanthura nigrocaudata lina pilctli- Nunomura, 1975 fe.0) - P. nigropdnctata (Lucas, English Channel rocks, stones, 1849) (SW England, N sand, mud; ~nfhura nigropunctata France), NE Atlan- algae (browns Lucas, 1849 tic OC., France, Azo- red),rhizomes Leptanthura melanomma re Is., Cape Verde of Posidonia Vanhoffen, 1914 Is., Mauritania ; Me- oceaniea diterranean, France, Corsica Is., Italy, Adriatic Sea, Gre- ece, Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco - P. norvegica Sars, 1873: see CALATHURA - P. ostergaardi Miller & Pacific Oc., Hawaii Menzies, 1952* Is. - P. plumosa Pillai, 1966, Indian OC., S India worms tubes ( Quilon) 132 ILEANA NEGOESCU, JOHANN W. WACELE

- P. polynesica Kensley, 1979 0.5-1 Pacific Oc., Cook Is. reef: coral 1 rutble, a,- - P. porteri (Boone, 1920) ? Pacific Oc., Chile Calamura porteri Boone, (Pisagua) 1920 - P. possessia Kensley, 1980 142- S Indian Oc., Cro- 1 2707 set Is. ;Atlantic Oc., Argentina Basin - P. punctata (Stimpson, 0-200 Atlantic a. Indian rocks, shells, 1855) Oc., S Africa (Oran- coarse sand, ~nthhmpunctata Stimpson, ge River mouth to sponges (Leu- 1855 Natal); Indian Oc., conia), algae ; Paranthura nigropunctatu (?) W Australia (?)freshwater Chilton, 1g06 non Lucas (Rottnest Is.) ; Paci- lakes Paranthura costana Thom- fic Oc., (?) S Aus- son, 1882 non Bate & tralia (New South Westwood Wales), (?)New Zea- land, (?) Tasmania - P. skottsbergi Norden- 1 3046 Pacific Oc., Juan calca.eous stam, 1930* Fernandez Is. algae - P. tenuis Sars, 1973 : see LEPTANTHURA - P. urochroma Pires, 1981 6 Atlantic Oc., Brazil algae (Jania, (Sgo Paulo a. Rio Amphiroa, de Janeiro States) Dictyopteris, Uva) - P. eriii Richardson, 1902: see Paranthura in- fundibulata Richardson, 1902 - P. sp. - Kensley, 1980 * 1-5-31 Indian Oc., N Ma- dagascar, off Soma- lia -P. sp. - Kensley, 1982 513 Antarctica, Weddell Sea PENDANTHURA Menzies & Glynn, 1968 [A]

- P. rarotonga Kensley, 1979 1 Pacific Oc., Cook Is. coarse coral (Rarotonga Is.) sand, algal scrapings - P. tanaiformis Menzies & 1.82- Caribbean Sea. Pu- reef; corals, Glynn, 1968 2.73 erto Rico, Belize coral rubble, - type species - (Carrie Bow Cay) algae (Dige- nia) PSEUDANTHURA Richard- son, 1911 [PI - P. albatrossae Kensley, 1380 Pacific Oc., Flores 1978 i Sea WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA,ISOPODA) 133

- P. lateralis Richardson, Atlantic Oc., W a. S mud, muddy 1911 Africa (Dakar to sand - type species - Cape Point) - P. recifensis Kensley, 1982 Atlantic Oc., Brazil ? (Recife) - P. tenuis Kensley, 1978 Indian Oc., S Africa ? (N Natal to Trans- kei ) PTILANTHURB Harger, 1978 [A] - P. tenuis Harger, 1878, ' Atlantic Oc., E stones, sand, - type species - North America mud Anthura tenuis (Harger, (Long Island to Bay 1878) of Fundy) - P. tricarina Menzies Atlantic Oc., N Frankenberg, 1966 America, off Georgia QUANTANTHURA Menzies & George, 1972 [A] - Q. brasiliensis Kensley & 21-166 Atlantic Oc., Brazil sand, mud 81 Koening, 1979 (Rio de Janeiro) - Q. globitelson Menzies & Pacific Oc., Peru- George, 1972 Chile Trench - type species - - Q. menziesi Kensley & Atlantic Oc., Brazil sand, mud Keening, 1979 (Cape Orange to Cape Santo Agos- tinho) - Q. remipes (Barnard, 1914) Atlantic a. Indian sand Anthelura remipes Barnard, Oc., S Africa (Lam- 1914 bert's B. to Agulhas Bank) - Q. sinuata Kensle~, 19821 Atlantic Oc., Guiana Basin RHI GANTHURA Kensley, 1978 [HI i - R. spinosa Kensley, 1978 Pacific Oc., New - type species - Zealand (North Is- land) SAURANTHURA Poore 8 Kensley, 1981 [A] - S. goldmanorum Poore 8 Pacific Oc., E Aus- reef; lagoon ; Kensley, 1981 tralia, Great Barrier coral rubble, - type species - Reef algae SILOPHASMA Schultz, 1977 : see H-4LIOPHASMA SKUPHONURA Barnard, 1925 [A] - S. ecuadorensis Kensley, 0-?I5 Pacific Oc., Ecuador ? 1980 - S. itapuca Kensley, 1980 0-?I5 1 Atlantic Oc., Brazil ? (Rio de Janeiro) - S. laticeps Barnard, 1925 7-36 Caribbean Sea, An- ? - type species - tilles (St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, Tobago Is.) - S. lindae Menzies & Atlantic Oc., Mexico ? Kruczynski, 1983 G. (central W Flo- rida) - S. sp. - Miller, 1968. Atlantic Oc., Mexico anchor of G., W Florida (off buoys I Cape Sable) STELLANTHURA Wagele, 1979 [HI - S. cryptobia Wagele, 1979 0-50 Mediterranean, Tyr- ? - type species - rhenian Sea, Naples G.; Sicily Str. TRISTANTHURA Sivertsen & Holthuis, 1980 [PI ? Colanthura Richardson, 1902 - T. barnardi Sivertsen & 0-60 S Atlantic Oc., Tris- rocks, stones, Holthuis, 1980. tan da Cunha Is.; sand; algae - type species - Gough Is. (?) (Macrocys- Paranthura sp. Bar- tis, Litho- nard, 1965 (?) thamnion), sponges ULAKANTHURA Poore, 1978 [PI - U. colac Poore, 1978 5-22 Pacific Oc., SE sand Australia (Queens- land) - U. cooma Poore, 1978 I 9-10 Pacific Oc., SE Aus- sand tralia (Queensland) - U. crassicornis (Haswell, 22-31 Pacific Oc., SE coarse sand 1881) Australia (New - type species - South Wales) Paranthrira crassicornis Haswell, 1881 Leptanthrira crassicornis (Haswell, 1881) - U. lara Poore, 1978 2-3 1 Pacific Oc., SE Aus- coarse sand, tralia (Victoria) shells - U. marlee Poore, 1981 5-20 Pacific Oc., SE Aus- sand, muddy partly Ulakanthura colac tralia (Victoria, New sand Poore, 1978 (part from South Wales) .Victoria and New South Wales) 'U'ORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAK ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA,ISOPODA) 135

- U. namoo Poore, 1978 9-23 Pacific Oc., SE coarse sand Australia (Queen- sland, New South Wales) - U. wanda Poore, 1978 I 9-10 Pacific Oc., SE Aus- sand tralia (Queensland) VALORANTHURA Kensley, 1978 [PI - V. abyssorum (Norman & 3199- Atlantic Oc., N Stebb~ng,1886) 4596 America, Davis Str. ; - type species - SW Ireland ; Angola Anthelura nbyssorum Basin Norman & Stebbing, 1886 Ananthura abyssorum (Norman & Stebbing, 1886) Apanthura abyssorum (Norman & Stebbing, 1886) VENEZANTHURA Kensley, 1978 [A] - V. confixa Kensley, 1978 4-10 Atlantic Oc., Vene- sand, algae - type species - zuela (Cubagua Is.) XENANTHURA Barnard, 1925 [HI - X. bacescui Negoescu, 1979 ? Atlantic Oc., Brazil, lagoon ( 111 Rio Grande (LagSa dos Patos) - X. brevitelson Barnard, 8-145 Atlantic Oc., N 1925 America (Georgia, E - type species - Florida) ; Caribbean Sea, St. Thomas Is. - X. linearis Pillai, 1954 Indian Oc., SW In- brackish wa- 145, 1% dia (Kerala) ter, lakes; I? vegetation - X. orientalis Barnard, 1935 ? Indian Oc., SW brackish 10, 145, India (Kerala) water, lakes 146 Red Sea, Aqaba G. sand, detri- 193 tus, polych- aets colonies ZULANTHURA Poore, 151 1980 : see ACCALATHURA

Haliophasma austroafricanum Kensley, 1982 = Exanthura austroafricana (Kensley, 1982). Redescriptions are necessary for the comparison of the three Califor- nian species Paranthura elegans, P. algicola and P. californiae. Exanthura is not considered identical with Haliophasma. The latter genus is already a "collecting pot" for a variety of forms and Exanthura has good synapomorphic features : the pleonites are dorsally fused, the masilli- 136 ILEANA NEGOESCU. JORANN W. WXGELE ped has (ab in Haliophasma) 2 palpal articles, the basis of the antennula has a prominent hook. Possibly further features can be found when the species are examined carefully (E. adinae needs redescription). Expanathura is not a junior synonym of Panathura. Expanathura seems to have more specialized mouthparts (endite of maxilliped stronger and narrower, mandibular basis longer, pars molaris smaller) and above all, the species of Expanathura show a typlcal shape of palms on pereopods 1-3, with strong, acute teeth, which are not present in Panathura. Nemanthura has the same number of palpal articles of the maxilliped as Halidphasma, but certainly has a special morphology, the body being very slender in both sexes; the propodus of pereopod 1 is prolongued and has a dactylus with crenelated inner surface; the maxilliped is very long and the basis of antenna 1 has a hook similar to that of Exanthura, suggesting a possible relationship with this latter genus. Leptanthura apalpata differs from the type species of the genus, L. tenuis, in the reduction of the mandibular palp; the other features including the chaetotaxy are identical. The reduction of the palp has been used to define the genus Bullowanthura. It is possible that L. apalpata has more features (synapomorphies) in common with Bullozuanthura, but for the moment the variability of Leptanthura appears to be so wide that L. apa1pa.t~seems to fit within this genus.- There exist several genera that are so heterogeneous in their composit- ion, that a diagnosis of their generic features would be very generalized. Such taxa probably are polyphyletic. Such a eenus is A~anthura.whose onlv constant features are the num- (7 her of articles of the maxilliped and the trapezoidal outline of the carpus of pereopods 4-7. The form of the pleon, the setation of pereopods and tail- fan, the sexual dimorphism are very variable. But the most variable factor is the way species have been described. Comparing the descriptions of Apan- thura signata as prepared by M e n z i e s & G 1 y n n (107) and K e n s 1 e y (78) it seems that 2 different species have been drawn, differing in the way the pleonites are fused, the reduction or presence of the endite of the maxilli- ped, the setation of telson and pereopod 1. More features cannot he compared for lack of information. This example shows that a taxonomist has to calculate not only how genetic and phenotypic variation must be considered when describing the taxon, but also, which of the (often few) known facts have a higher probability of being closer to the truth. The genus Apanthuretta had been separated from Apanthura to put together a group of species with similar morphology. The recent descrip- tions of Apanthuretta signata and A. magnijica K e n s 1 e y (74) indicate that these species must he possibly left within the Apanthura. The genus Tristanthura can be considered a junior synonym of Colan- thura. The typical features are: mandible fused laterally with cephalothorax, palp reduced (therefore the mandible has very seldom been described), maxilli- ped with fused articles, basally fused to each other. The "mandible" descri- bed by S i v e r t s e n & H o 1 t h u i s (172) js in reality maxilla 1 and WORLD LIST OF THE ANTHURIDEAN ISOPODS (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA) 137 the "maxilla 2" is thc hypopharynx. Typical is the short pereonite 7 and reduced pereopod 7. The "nenus Malacanthura also calls for some discussion. The maxilli- ped sometimes has large endites, sometimes no endite at all, the last article of the palp being as long and wide as the first article or much smaller; noth- ing is known about possible apomorphies of tailfan and pereopods. The latter are long and slender which is a plesiomorphic feature. Some species have primitive antennules with more than 3-4 articles and more than 3 aesthetascs. Together with the sculpture of the telson these features indicate a relationship with Alloanthura/Indanthura/Haliophasma,genera that must be carefully compared with Malacanthura. Sometimes groups of species can be discerned within genera. B o t o- s a n e a n u & S t o c k '(22) described the subgenus Cyathura (Stygo- cyathura) which shows adaptations to subtcrraneous life. But it is not possible to leave the remaining species of Cyathura in a single sister-group. There seem to exist some distinct types of Cyathura with different morphology and biology, as the carinata-type from, brackish water or the marine species with simple copulatory organ in the males. To prove the monophyly of these groups (= subgenera) further evidence are necessary.

LISTA MONDIALA A IZOPODELOR ANTURIDEE (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, ANTHURIDEA)

REZUMAT

Se prezintg lista mondiall a crustaceelor izopode din subord. Anthnri- dea, list5 ce insumeazii 57 de genuri gi 321 specii apartinind la 3 familii : Anthu- ridae, Hyssuridae 9i Paranthuridac. Genurile si speciile de anturidee sint date in ordine alfabetic5, indicindu-se gi sinonimiile. Date privind rgspindi- rea geograficg, adincimea, habitatul, precum gi referinte hibliografice comple- tea25 lista. fn capitole aparte se fac comentarii privind uncle sinonimii, se dii o scurt5 caracterizare a grupului, precum ~i metodc de colectare, prepararc gi conservare.

LITERATURE CITED ,

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