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Pawang Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan Di Desa Sranten Kecamatan Karanggedekabupaten Boyolali

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Pawang Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan Di Desa Sranten Kecamatan Karanggedekabupaten Boyolali PAWANG DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN JARANAN DI DESA SRANTEN KECAMATAN KARANGGEDEKABUPATEN BOYOLALI SKRIPSI untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan oleh Nama : Hesti Wijayanti NIM : 2501411063 Program Studi : Pendidikan Seni Tari Jurusan : Pendidikan Sendratasik FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG 2016 i ii iii iv MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN MOTTO: 1. Pendidikan merupakan perlengkapan paling baik untuk hari tua. (Aristoteles) 2. Hanya kebodohan meremehkan pendidikan. (P.Syrus) PERSEMBAHAN: Skripsi ini saya persembahkan untuk: Kedua orang tua saya Bapak Sukis dan Ibu Sri Mulyani, Sumarni, Dwi Winarsih, Aji Kurniawan Raharjo, Heri Purnomo, teman saya Famggi Nino Nur Arini dan Maghfirotika, Teman-teman pendidikan seni tari angkatan 2011. v PRAKATA Segala puji syukur peneliti panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judulPawang Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan Di Desa Sranten Kecamatan Karanggede Kabupaten Boyolali dengan baik. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini peneliti mendapat bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Pada kesempatan ini peneliti ingin mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada. 1. Prof. Dr Fathur Rokhman, M.Hum., Rektor Universitas Negeri Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan studi di Universitas Negeri Semarang. 2. Prof. Dr. Agus Nuryatin, M.Hum., Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni (FBS) Universitas Negeri Semarang yang telah memberikan izin penelitian. 3. Dr. Udi Utomo, M.Si., Ketua Jurusan Pendidikan Sendratasik, FBS Universitas Negeri Semarang yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada peneliti dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. 4. Dr. Agus Cahyono, M.Hum., pembimbing yang telah memberikan bimbingan dan pengarahan dalam skripsi ini. 5. Drs.Indriyanto,M.Hum, pembimbing yang telah memberi bimbingan dan pengarahan dalam skripsi ini. 6. Dosen-dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Sendratasik yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada peneliti. vi vii SARI Wijayanti, Hesti.2016.Pawang Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan Di Desa Sranten Kecamatan Karanggede Kabupaten Boyolali.Skripsi.Jurusan Pendidikan Sendratasik.Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Universitas Negeri Semarang. Pembimbing (I) Dr. Agus Cahyono, M.Hum, Pembimbing (II) Drs. Indriyanto, M.Hum Kata kunci:pawang, seni pertunjukan jaranan, aspek-aspek pertunjukan Seni pertunjukan jaranan identik dengan terjadinya kesurupan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan terdapat pawang yang mengatur jalannya seni pertunjukan jaranan. Latar belakang dalam Penelitian ini peneliti memilih pawang sebagai pusat dari penelitian, dikarenakan masih terdapat minat untuk mendalami hal-hal yang bersifat spiritual dan juga masih banyak yang belum tahu proses menjadi pawang. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pawang dalam seni pertunjukan jaranan di Desa Sranten Kecamatan Karanggede Kabupaten Boyolali dengan kajian pokok, aspek-aspek apa saja yang ada pada seni pertunjukan jaranan, bagaimana peranan pawang dalam seni pertunjukan jaranan dan bagaimana proses menjadi pawang pada seni pertunjukan jaranan. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai referensi dan memperluas pengetahuan bagi calon pawang, penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai referensi bagi para peneliti selanjutnya, dan dapat memberikan informasi tentang keberadaan seni pertunjukan jaranan di Desa Sranten agar dapat mengenal dan melestarikan seni pertunjukan jaranan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan etnometodologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, teknik wawancara dan teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa aspek-aspek yang ada dalam seni pertunjukan jaranan yaitu: sebelum pertunjukan (ritual dan mantra, persiapan penari dan pawang, persiapan perlengkapan, sesaji dan pelaku), saat pertunjukan (gerak, iringan, tata rias dan busana, kesurupan, atraksi, ritual dan mantra, peran pawang) dan sesudah pertunjukan (ritual dan mantra). Peranan pawang yaitu menyadarkan penari yang kesurupan dan mengatur jalannya pertunjukan.Lelaku pawang dari trah keturunan harus berani menjalankan dasar- dasar yang berhubungan dengan gaib. Proses menjadi pawang dapat dilakukan dengan berkunjung kerumah pawang atau guru. Proses menjadi pawang juga harus menaati semua peraturan dan persyaratan yang diberikan pawang kepada calon pawang. pawang juga harus mengerti bahasa sandi yang digunakan penari saat kesurupan. Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu Perlu adanya generasi muda yang ikut terlibat pada saat pertunjukan, supaya generasi muda ikut melestarikan senipertunjukan jaranan yang didalam seni pertunjukan jaranan terdapat seorang pawang. viii ix DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL...............................................................................................i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING........................................................................ii PENGESAHAN KELULUSAN...........................................................................iii PERNYATAAN.....................................................................................................iv MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN.........................................................................v PRAKATA.............................................................................................................vi SARI.....................................................................................................................viii DAFTAR ISI..........................................................................................................ix DAFTAR BAGAN..............................................................................................xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR...........................................................................................xiv DAFTAR TABEL……………………………………………………………...xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN....................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah.........................................................................1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah..................................................................................4 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................................4 ix x 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..................................................................................4 1.5 Sistematika Penelitian.............................................................................5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORETIS.................6 2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka.....................................................................................6 2.2 Landasan Teoretis...................................................................................7 2.2.1 Pawang...................................................................................................7 2.2.2 Upacara Ritual........................................................................................9 2.2.3 Aspek-Aspek Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan...............................................12 2.2.4 Konsep Kesurupan................................................................................18 2.2.5 Kerangka Berfikir..................................................................................21 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN...................................................................23 3.1 Pendekatan Penelitian...........................................................................23 3.2 Lokasi Penelitian...................................................................................24 3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data....................................................................25 3.3.1 Teknik Observasi...................................................................................25 3.3.2 Teknik Wawancara................................................................................27 3.3.3 Teknik Dokumentasi.............................................................................29 3.4 Teknik Analisis Data............................................................................30 x xi 3.5 Teknik Keabsahan Data.........................................................................31 3.5.1 Triangulasi Sumber................................................................................31 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PERSEMBAHAN...............................32 4.1 Pawang Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan di Desa Sranten...................32 4.1.1 Aspek-Aspek Dalam Seni Pertunjukan Jaranan.....................................32 4.1.1.1 Seblum Pertunjukan...............................................................................32 4.1.1.2 Saat Pertunjukan.....................................................................................34 4.1.1.2.1 Ritual dan Mantra...................................................................................34 4.1.1.2.2 Ragam Gerak..........................................................................................35 4.1.1.2.3 Iringan....................................................................................................79 4.1.1.2.4 Tata Rias dan Busana.............................................................................87 4.1.1.2.5 Atraksi....................................................................................................91 4.1.1.2.6 Peranan
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