DOCSLIB.ORG

Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular Htgrs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular Htgrs IAEA-TECDOC-1238 Gas turbine power conversion systems for modular HTGRs Report of a Technical Committee meeting held in Palo Alto, United States of America, 14–16 November 2000 August 2001 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Power Technology Development Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria GAS TURBINE POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS FOR MODULAR HTGRs IAEA, VIENNA, 2001 IAEA-TECDOC-1238 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2001 Printed by the IAEA in Austria August 2001 FOREWORD The IAEA has been fostering the exchange of information and co-operative research on gas cooled reactor technology with the guidance and support of the International Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors since 1978. During the 1980s, interest and activities in Member States related to gas cooled reactor technology development shifted from the earlier large high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) plant design using prestressed concrete reactor vessels to small modular designs using steel reactor vessels. The modular HTGR concept originated in Germany in 1979, based primarily around the concept that by limiting thermal power and allowing sufficient heat losses from the reactor vessel, the key safety function of removal of residual heat could be accomplished without the need for active systems. The economic viability of the concept is based on the presumption that cost savings from system simplification can offset the small unit size. All of the early modular HTGR designs were based on a Rankine cycle with steam conditions similar to modern fossil plants, except without steam reheat. As the designs advanced, more detailed cost estimates indicated that the steam cycle modular HTGR may not be cost competitive. Optimization studies in the 1990s indicated that considerable cost savings could result from application of a closed A brayton cycle using advances in technology for open cycle gas turbines, compact heat exchangers, manufacturing and electronics. While the resulting gas turbine modular HTGR designs are based on existing technology, the specific configurations and operating environment differ considerably from existing applications. These differences introduce uncertainties and issues that must be understood and addressed in the course of development and deployment of the gas turbine modular HTGR concept. The information presented in this report was developed from an IAEA Technical Committee Meeting (TCM) on Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular HTGRs, held 14– 16 November in Palo Alto, California, United States of America. The meeting was hosted by the Electric Power Research Institute and included participants from national organizations and industries in Member States. The TCM provided a forum for participants to discuss and share the status of their individual programmes associated with the design and analysis of systems and components for gas turbine modular HTGR power conversion systems. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was J.M. Kendall of the Division of Nuclear Power. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the authors. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. CONTENTS SUMMARY................................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND AND SYSTEM DESIGN (Session 1) IAEA high temperature gas cooled reactor activities ...............................................................11 J.M. Kendall Development history of the gas turbine modular high temperature reactor .............................21 H.L. Brey Study on coupling a gas turbine cycle to the HTR-10 test reactor ...........................................45 Yuliang Sun, Yinguang Zhang, Yuanhui Xu Selection of JAERI’s HTGR-GT concept.................................................................................53 Y. Muto, S. Ishiyama, S. Shiozawa Features of adapting gas turbine cycle and heat exchangers for HTGRs .................................63 V.F. Golovko, I.V. Dmitrieva, N.G. Kodochigov, N.G. Kuzavkov, A.G. Chudin, A. Shenoy SYSTEM ANALYSIS (Session 2) Dynamics of a small direct cycle pebble bed HTR...................................................................77 E.C. Verkerk, A.I. Van Heek Transient behaviour and control of the ACACIA plant............................................................85 J.F. Kikstra, A.H.M. Verkooijen, A.I. Van Heek Performance review: PBMR closed cycle gas turbine power plant..........................................99 K.N. Pradeep Kumar, A. Tourlidakis, P. Pilidis COMPONENT DESIGN (Session 3) Study of fission product release, plate-out and maintenance in helium turbomachinery....................................................................................................115 Y. Muto, S. Ishiyama, S. Shiozawa Fission product transport in the primary system of a pebble bed high temperature reactor with direct cycle....................................................139 A.I. Van Heek, N.B. Siccama, P.H. Wakker Compact heat exchanger technologies for the HTRs recuperator application........................151 B. Thonon, E. Breuil High temperature alloys for the HTGR gas turbine: Required properties and development needs..........................................................................................................163 R. Couturier, C. Escaravage Nuclear graphite for high temperature reactors ......................................................................177 B.J. Marsden Auxiliary bearing design considerations for gas cooled reactors ...........................................193 S.R. Penfield, Jr., E. Rodwell LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.....................................................................................................209 . SUMMARY 1. OVERVIEW AND PURPOSE The Technical Committee Meeting (TCM) on Gas Turbine Power Conversion Systems for Modular HTGRs was held 14–16 November 2000 in Palo Alto, California, United States of America. The meeting was hosted by the Electric Power Research Institute, and was convened by the IAEA on the recommendation of its International Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors (IWGGCR). The meeting was attended by 27 participants from 9 Member States (Argentina, China, France, Japan, Netherlands, Russian Federation, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America). In addition to presentations on relevant technology development activities in participating Member States, 16 technical papers were presented covering the areas of: ● Power conversion system design ● Power conversion system analysis ● Power conversion system component design. Following the papers, a panel discussion was held on technology issues associated with gas turbine modular HTGR power conversion systems and the potential for international collaboration to address these issues. A summary of the presentations, discussions and recommendations will be prepared for use along with the papers presented in a TECDOC on the subject. A detailed report on the meeting is available. The purpose of this Technical Committee Meeting was to foster the international exchange of information and perspectives on gas turbine power conversion systems and components for modular HTGRs. The overall objectives were to provide: ● A current overview of designs under consideration ● Information on the commercial availability or development status of key components ● Exchange of information on the issues involved and potential solutions ● Identification of further development needs for both initial deployment and longer term performance enhancement, and the potential for addressing needs through international collaboration. 2. GAS TURBINE MODULAR HTGR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES The technology for open cycle gas turbines, applied primarily to the combustion of oil and natural gas, has advanced rapidly over recent years, driven by cost and performance competition and supported by advances in high temperature materials, fabrication techniques, engineering design tools, etc. Concurrent application of similar technological advances to heat exchangers has resulted in compact, low cost gas-to-gas units for an expanding range of applications. Advances in electronics support the development of magnetic bearings and introduce the possibility of other innovations, such as a high-speed turbo-generator with high power frequency converter. While these are proven technologies already in commercial application, they have not been combined as a system under the environmental conditions and design constraints relevant to a modular HTGR. 1 Modular HTGRs utilising closed cycle gas turbines for generation of electricity are a source of considerable current
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Modeling Two Phase Flow Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Aircraft
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2017 Modeling Two Phase Flow Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Aircraft Hayder Hasan Jaafar Al-sarraf Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Repository Citation Al-sarraf, Hayder Hasan Jaafar, "Modeling Two Phase Flow Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Aircraft" (2017). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1831. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1831 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODELING TWO PHASE FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR NEXT GENERATION AIRCRAFT A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering By HAYDER HASAN JAAFAR AL-SARRAF B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering, Kufa University, 2005 2017 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL July 3, 2017 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Hayder Hasan Jaafar Al-sarraf Entitled Modeling Two Phase Flow Heat Exchangers for Next Generation Aircraft BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. ________________________________ Rory Roberts, Ph.D. Thesis Director ________________________________ Joseph C. Slater, Ph.D., P.E. Department Chair Committee on Final Examination ______________________________ Rory Roberts, Ph.D. ______________________________ James Menart, Ph.D. ______________________________ Mitch Wolff, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • AJR Ch6 Thermochemistry.Docx Slide 1 Chapter 6
    Chapter 6: Thermochemistry (Chemical Energy) (Ch6 in Chang, Ch6 in Jespersen) Energy is defined as the capacity to do work, or transfer heat. Work (w) - force (F) applied through a distance. Force - any kind of push or pull on an object. Chemists define work as directed energy change resulting from a process. The SI unit of work is the Joule 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2 (Also the calorie 1 cal = 4.184 J (exactly); and the Nutritional calorie 1 Cal = 1000 cal = 1 kcal. A calorie is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C at standard atmospheric pressure. But since this depends on the atmospheric pressure and the starting temperature, there are several different definitions of the “calorie”). AJR Ch6 Thermochemistry.docx Slide 1 There are many different types of Energy: Radiant Energy is energy that comes from the sun (heating the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere). Thermal Energy is the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Chemical Energy is stored within the structural units of chemical substances. It is determined by the type and arrangement of the atoms of the substance. Nuclear Energy is the energy stored within the collection of protons and neutrons of an atom. Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. Chemists usually relate this to molecular and electronic motion and movement. It depends on the mass (m), and speed (v) of an object. ퟏ ke = mv2 ퟐ Potential Energy is due to the position relative to other objects. It is “stored energy” that results from attraction or repulsion (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Entropy Is the Only Finitely Observable Invariant
    JOURNAL OF MODERN DYNAMICS WEB SITE: http://www.math.psu.edu/jmd VOLUME 1, NO. 1, 2007, 93–105 ENTROPY IS THE ONLY FINITELY OBSERVABLE INVARIANT DONALD ORNSTEIN AND BENJAMIN WEISS (Communicated by Anatole Katok) ABSTRACT. Our main purpose is to present a surprising new characterization of the Shannon entropy of stationary ergodic processes. We will use two ba- sic concepts: isomorphism of stationary processes and a notion of finite ob- servability, and we will see how one is led, inevitably, to Shannon’s entropy. A function J with values in some metric space, defined on all finite-valued, stationary, ergodic processes is said to be finitely observable (FO) if there is a sequence of functions Sn(x1,x2,...,xn ) that for all processes X converges to X ∞ X J( ) for almost every realization x1 of . It is called an invariant if it re- turns the same value for isomorphic processes. We show that any finitely ob- servable invariant is necessarily a continuous function of the entropy. Several extensions of this result will also be given. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the central concepts in probability is the entropy of a process. It was first introduced in information theory by C. Shannon [S] as a measure of the av- erage informational content of stationary stochastic processes andwas then was carried over by A. Kolmogorov [K] to measure-preserving dynamical systems, and ever since it and various related invariants such as topological entropy have played a major role in the theory of dynamical systems. Our main purpose is to present a surprising new characterization of this in- variant.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimal Design of a Hydro-Mechanical Transmission Power Split Hybrid Hydraulic Bus
    Optimal Design of a Hydro-Mechanical Transmission Power Split Hybrid Hydraulic Bus A dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Muhammad Iftishah Ramdan IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser: Professor Kim A. Stelson December 2013 Copyright ©Muhammad Iftishah Ramdan. All rights reserved. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Kim A. Stelson for his guidance and patience during his years as my adviser. I am also grateful to my sponsors, Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and University of Science, Malaysia (USM), for their financial support during my graduate studies. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my entire family - my wife, my mother, and siblings, for their endless moral support and for always believing in me. i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my father who succumbed to COPD, caused in part by the air pollution in Malaysia. I hope my work could be one of the steps towards improving the environment and the public health situation both in my native country and abroad. ii Abstract This research finds the optimal power-split drive train for hybrid hydraulic city bus. The research approaches the optimization problem by studying the characteristics of possible configurations offered by the power-split architecture. The critical speed ratio ( ) is ͍-$/ introduced in this research to represent power-split configurations and consequently simplifies the optimal configuration search process. This methodology allows the research to find the optimal configurations among the more complicated dual-staged power-split architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Process Manager Control Functions and Algorithms
    Advanced Process Manager Control Functions and Algorithms AP09-600 Implementation Advanced Process Manager - 1 Advanced Process Manager Control Functions and Algorithms AP09-600 Release 650 12/03 Notices and Trademarks © Copyright 2002 and 2003 by Honeywell Inc. Revision 05 – December 5, 2003 While this information is presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Honeywell disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and makes no express warranties except as may be stated in its written agreement with and for its customer. In no event is Honeywell liable to anyone for any indirect, special or consequential damages. The information and specifications in this document are subject to change without notice. TotalPlant and TDC 3000 are U. S. registered trademarks of Honeywell Inc. Other brand or product names are trademarks of their respective owners. Contacts World Wide Web The following Honeywell Web sites may be of interest to Industry Solutions customers. Honeywell Organization WWW Address (URL) Corporate http://www.honeywell.com Industry Solutions http://www.acs.honeywell.com International http://content.honeywell.com/global/ Telephone Contact us by telephone at the numbers listed below. Organization Phone Number United States and Honeywell International Inc. 1-800-343-0228 Sales Canada Industry Solutions 1-800-525-7439 Service 1-800-822-7673 Technical Support Asia Pacific Honeywell Asia Pacific Inc. (852) 23 31 9133 Hong Kong Europe Honeywell PACE [32-2] 728-2711 Brussels, Belgium Latin America Honeywell International Inc. (954) 845-2600 Sunrise, Florida U.S.A. Honeywell International Process Solutions 2500 West Union Hills Drive Phoenix, AZ 85027 1-800 343-0228 About This Publication This publication supports TotalPlant® Solution (TPS) system network Release 640.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. the Postulates of Equilibrium Thermodynamics
    2. THE POSTULATES OF EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS A thermodynamic system is characterized in terms of its extensive properties. In addition to the directly measurable extensive parameters such as the volume, V, or the mole number, N, complete characterization requires two additional extensive thermodynamic parameters, the internal energy, U, and the entropy, S. These are not measurable ~ectly and are introduced through postulates. Three additional postulates complete the postulato~ basis upon which the discussion of equilibrium thermod)~namics in this text is based. 2.0 Chapter Contents 2.1 Existence of an Internal Energy- POST~TE I 2.2 Additivity of the Internal Energy 2.3 Path Independence of the Internal Energy 2.4 Conservation of the Internal Energy- POSTULATE H 2.5 Transfer of Internal Energy: Work, Mass Action, and Heat 2.6 Heat as a Form of Energy Exchange---The First Law of Thermodynamics 2.7 Heat Exchanged with the S~o~dings and Internally Generated Heat 2.8 Measurab~ of Changes in Internal Energy 2.9 Measurability of the Heat Flux 2.10 Measurability of the Mass Action 2.11 ~esimal Change in Work 2.12 Infinitesimal Change in Mass Action 2.13 Insufficiency ofthe Primitive Extensive Parameters 2.14 Existence of Entropy- POSTULATE W 2.15 Additivity of the Entropy 2.16 Path Independence of the Entropy 2.17 Non-Conservation of Entropy - POST~TE 2.18 Dissipative Phenomena 2.19 lnfin~esimal Change in Heat 2.20 Special Nature of Heat as a Form of Energy Exchange 2.21 Limit of Entropy- POSTULATE V-- The Third Law of Thermod)~amics 2.22 Monotonic Property of the Entropy 2.23 Significance of the Concept of Entropy 2.1 Existence of an Internal Energy- POSTULATE I Postdate I asserts that: "For any thermodynamic system there exists a continuous, differentiable, single-valued, first-order homogeneous fimetion of the extensive parameters of the system, called the internal energy, U, which is defined for all equili- brium states".
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Chemistry
    Physical chemistry: Description of the chemical phenomena with the help of the physical laws. 1 THERMODYNAMICS It is able to explain/predict - direction – equilibrium – factors influencing the way to equilibrium Follow the interactions during the chemical reactions 2 VOCABULARY (TERMS IN THERMODYNAMICS) System: the part of the world which we have a special interest in. E.g. a reaction vessel, an engine, an electric cell. Surroundings: everything outside the system. There are two points of view for the description of a system: Phenomenological view: the system is a continuum, this is the method of thermodynamics. Particle view: the system is regarded as a set of particles, applied in statistical methods and quantum mechanics. 3 Classification based on the interactions between the system and its surrounding W piston Q Q constant changing volume insulation Energy transport Material transport OPEN CLOSED ISOLATED Q: heat W: work 4 Homogeneous: macroscopic properties E.g. are the same everywhere in the system. NaCl solution Inhomogeneous: certain macroscopic properties change from place to place; their distribution is described by continuous function. copper rod T E.g. a copper rod is heated at one end, the temperature changes along the rod. x5 Heterogeneous: discontinuous changes of macroscopic properties. E.g. water-ice system One component Two phases Phase: part of the system which is uniform throughout both in chemical composition and in physical state. The phase may be dispersed, in this case the parts with the same composition belong to the same phase. Component: chemical compound 6 Characterisation of the macroscopic state of the system The state of a thermodynamic system is characterized by the collection of the measurable physical properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Limitations of ASME PTC 10 in Accurately Evaluating Centrifugal Compressor Thermodynamic Performance
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M University Proceedings of the Forty-Second Turbomachinery Symposium October 1-3, 2013, Houston, Texas Limitations of ASME PTC 10 in Accurately Evaluating Centrifugal Compressor Thermodynamic Performance Mark R. Sandberg, P.E. Gary M. Colby Consulting Machinery Engineer Test Supervisor Chevron Energy Technology Co. Dresser-Rand Houston, Texas, USA Olean, New York, USA . Mark R. Sandberg is a Consulting ABSTRACT Machinery Engineer with Chevron Energy Technology Company in Houston, Texas. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) His current duties involve providing “Performance Test Code on Compressors and Exhausters,” technical assistance and services ASME PTC 10-1997, has served worldwide as the standard for associated with the selection, design, determining centrifugal compressor thermodynamic specification, procurement, and testing of performance during factory acceptance and field performance new rotating equipment along with failure testing. The methodology applied in PTC 10 is based upon the analysis and troubleshooting problems with original work of Schultz (1962) which utilizes a polytropic existing equipment, primarily in upstream oil and gas model of the compression process. Recent efforts associated production and LNG processing operations. Mr. Sandberg has with the selection and testing of compressors for high pressure more than 35 years of varied experience in the process carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixture reinjection compression industries and has been involved with the design, manufacture, services have revealed that the application of PTC 10 can result testing, and installation of several small to large gas turbine in significant errors in the estimation of compressor polytropic driven centrifugal compressor trains worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Entropy: a Concept That Is Not a Physical Quantity
    PHYSICS ESSAYS ( Volume 25, Issue 2 (June 2012) ) P172~176 URL: http://physicsessays.org/toc/phes/25/2 Entropy: A concept that is not a physical quantity Shufeng-zhang College of Physics, Central South University, 932 Lushan south Road, Changsha 410083, China E-mail: [email protected] Abstract : This study has demonstrated that entropy is not a physical quantity, that is, the physical quantity called entropy does not exist. If the efficiency of heat engine is defined as η = W/W1, and the reversible cycle is considered to be the Stirling cycle, then, given ∮dQ/T = 0, we can prove ∮dW/T = 0 and ∮d/T = 0. If ∮dQ/T = 0, ∮dW/T = 0 and ∮dE/T = 0 are thought to define new system state variables, such definitions would be absurd. The fundamental error of entropy is that in any reversible process, the polytropic process function Q is not a single-valued function of T, and the key step of Σ[(ΔQ)/T)] to ∫dQ/T doesn’t hold. Similarly, ∮dQ/T = 0, ∮dW/T = 0 and ∮dE/T = 0 do not hold, either. Since the absolute entropy of Boltzmann is used to explain Clausius entropy and the unit (J/K) of the former is transformed from the latter, the non-existence of Clausius entropy simultaneously denies Boltzmann entropy. Résumé : Prouver que ‘entropie’n’est pas de la grandeur physique, c’est-à-dire, il n’existe pas le soi-disant ‘entropie’ cette grandeur physique. Lorsque nous définissons le rendement thermique comme η= W/ W1 , alors que le cycle réversible devient le cycle de Stirling, si∮∮ dQ/T =0, nous pouvons prouver que dW/T =0,∮ dE/T =0.
    [Show full text]
  • Limitations of ASME PTC 10 in Accurately Evaluating Centrifugal Compressor Thermodynamic Performance
    Proceedings of the Forty-Second Turbomachinery Symposium October 1-3, 2013, Houston, Texas Limitations of ASME PTC 10 in Accurately Evaluating Centrifugal Compressor Thermodynamic Performance Mark R. Sandberg, P.E. Gary M. Colby Consulting Machinery Engineer Test Supervisor Chevron Energy Technology Co. Dresser-Rand Houston, Texas, USA Olean, New York, USA . Mark R. Sandberg is a Consulting ABSTRACT Machinery Engineer with Chevron Energy Technology Company in Houston, Texas. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) His current duties involve providing “Performance Test Code on Compressors and Exhausters,” technical assistance and services ASME PTC 10-1997, has served worldwide as the standard for associated with the selection, design, determining centrifugal compressor thermodynamic specification, procurement, and testing of performance during factory acceptance and field performance new rotating equipment along with failure testing. The methodology applied in PTC 10 is based upon the analysis and troubleshooting problems with original work of Schultz (1962) which utilizes a polytropic existing equipment, primarily in upstream oil and gas model of the compression process. Recent efforts associated production and LNG processing operations. Mr. Sandberg has with the selection and testing of compressors for high pressure more than 35 years of varied experience in the process carbon dioxide/hydrocarbon mixture reinjection compression industries and has been involved with the design, manufacture, services have revealed that the application of PTC 10 can result testing, and installation of several small to large gas turbine in significant errors in the estimation of compressor polytropic driven centrifugal compressor trains worldwide. Prior to head and efficiency. The defined evaluation procedures use joining Chevron, he was employed by ARCO, Petro-Marine compressor suction and discharge pressures and temperatures Engineering, and The Dow Chemical Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Functions and Processes in IT Management
    Modeling 365 Functions and processes in IT management 6.3 Functions and processes in IT management Migrating from an ITIL reference model to a universal implementation model TIL does not structurally and clearly discriminate between processes Iand functions. This makes ITIL a mixed reference model, where organizations need implementation models to bring ITSM to practice. In this article, Wim Hoving and Jan van Bon describe the fundamental difference between functions and processes and provide a simple implementation model that works in practice. INTRODUCTION The ITIL® books are being used more and more as the basis for organizing an IT department or company. From the 1990s on, many thousands of organizations have adopted ITIL as the framework for their IT service management approach. It is clear that significant improvements were realized in many of these projects. And, as a result, IT service management as a practice was raised to a higher level of maturity. It is also clear that many of the projects did not meet their expectations. Even taking into 6 account the fact that ITIL projects include the known complexity of regular organizational change projects, the average results are below expectation. Although the phase “adopt and adapt” is widely accepted as the best approach to ITIL, in practice people tend to use ITIL as is. And that’s where the problems arise… ITIL is a clear example of a reference framework that covers very practical issues in live IT service organizations. For many years, and for each of the targeted subjects, the best practices have been collected and documented in separate publications from a practical point of view.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Thermophysical Properties for Thermal Energy Storage Materials - Determining Factors, Prospects and Limitations
    Dissertation Evaluation of thermophysical properties for thermal energy storage materials - determining factors, prospects and limitations carried out for the purpose of obtaining the degree of Doctor technicae (Dr. techn.), submitted at TU Wien, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, by Daniel Lager Mat.Nr.: 00127134 Schubertgasse 3, 2491 Steinbrunn, Austria under the supervision of Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Andreas Werner Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, E302 Privatdoz. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Peter Weinberger Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, E163 reviewed by Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Heimo Walter Dr.h.c.mult. Herbert Danninger TU Wien, Institute for Energy TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Systems and Thermodynamics Technologies and Analytics This work was funded by the “Climate and Energy Fund” and the “Austrian research funding association (FFG)” under the scope of the energy research program (contract #848876). I confirm that going to press of this thesis needs the confirmation of the examination committee. Affidavit I declare in lieu of oath, that I wrote this thesis and performed the associated research myself, using only literature cited in this volume. If text passages from sources are used literally, they are marked as such. I confirm, that this work is original and has not been submitted elsewhere for any examination, nor is it currently under consideration for a thesis elsewhere. Vienna, December, 2017 __________________________________ Signature i TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT WIEN Abstract Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, E302 Doctor technicae (Dr. techn.) Evaluation of thermophysical properties for thermal energy storage materials - determining factors, prospects and limitations by Daniel LAGER Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is representing a promising technology for energy conser- vation and utilizing fluctuating renewable energy sources and waste heat.
    [Show full text]