Citeulike Y Connotea: Herramientas 2.0 Para El Descubrimiento De La Información Científica

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Citeulike Y Connotea: Herramientas 2.0 Para El Descubrimiento De La Información Científica Julio Alonso-Arévalo, José A. Cordón-García y Helena Martín-Rodero CiteULike y Connotea: herramientas 2.0 para el descubrimiento de la información científica Por Julio Alonso-Arévalo, José A. Cordón-García y Helena Martín-Rodero Resumen: Los gestores de re- ferencias sociales automatizan una tarea repetitiva y tediosa como es la gestión bibliográfi- ca, y ofrecen una alternativa a los motores de búsqueda y ba- ses de datos tradicionales en favor de la mediación social y el descubrimiento científico. Se hace una reflexión sobre las im- plicaciones del etiquetado so- cial en los procesos de gestión de información bibliográfica personal en el entorno 2.0 y se Julio Alonso-Arévalo es el José A. Cordón-García, Helena Martín-Rodero es analizan dos de las aplicaciones responsable de la biblioteca profesor titular de la Univ. de licenciada en filología romá- más populares, aunque todavía de Traducción y Documenta- Salamanca desde 1987, es nica –especialidad en filo- poco conocidas y utilizadas en ción de la Universidad de Sa- director del Master de edición logía francesa– y licenciada lamanca. Forma parte de dos de esa universidad, y director en filología árabe por la Uni- España: CiteULike y Connotea. proyectos del Grupo RcLIS: de la revista Pliegos de Yuste: versidad de Salamanca. Es Palabras clave: Gestores de re- DoIS y E-LIS. Es el coordina- revista de pensamiento y cul- directora de la biblioteca de dor de la lista de distribución tura europeos. Investigadora la Facultad de Medicina de ferencias sociales, Referencias de biblioteconomía y docu- sobre la industria editorial y la misma universidad desde bibliográficas, Web 2.0 Investi- mentación InfoDoc y es au- las fuentes de información, y 1990. Ha participado en di- gación 2.0, Descubrimiento de tor de diferentes artículos en es autor de varias monogra- versos programas de docto- la información. revistas especializadas sobre fías y numerosos artículos. rado, cursos, y en proyectos acceso abierto y sobre gesto- Preside la Asoc. Española de financiados por el Mº de Edu- Title: CiteULike and Con- res de referencias. Bibliología. cación y Ciencia y la Fecyt. notea: 2.0 tool for discovery of scientific information Abstract: Social reference managers automate repetitive and tedious tasks such as literature management, offering an al- ternative to search engines and traditional databases for social mediation and scientific discovery. In this study we reflect upon the implications of social tagging processes for personal bibliographic management in the 2.0 environment, and we study two of the most famous applications, although still little known and employed in Spain: CiteULike y Connotea. Keywords: Social reference managers, References, Web 2.0 Research 2.0, Information discovery. Alonso-Arévalo, Julio; Cordón-García, José A.; Martín-Rodero, Helena. “CiteULike y Connotea: herramientas 2.0 para el descubrimiento de la información científica”. El profesional de la información, 2010, enero-febrero, v. 19, n. 1, pp. 86-93. DOI: 10.3145/epi.2010.ene.12 EL ETIQUETADO SOCIAL, de comentarios, recursos y etique- servan como propias, pero que son consistente en compartir palabras tas que elaboran los usuarios en la visibles para todos, y que se pre- clave definidas por los usuarios utilización cotidiana de fuentes de sentan como una alternativa muy de un sistema de información, se información de todo tipo. Su de- atractiva para la minería de datos y está planteando como un método nominación, folksonomía o clasi- el descubrimiento científico. popular para la organización de ficación del pueblo, es ilustrativa Los gestores de referencias so- la información en internet. de su naturaleza. Aunque menos ciales funcionan como cualquier Casi todos conocemos servi- conocidas, existen aplicaciones de otro sistema de indización social. cios de la web 2.0 que permiten a gestión de información científica Se trata de una taxonomía genera- los usuarios etiquetar contenidos, basadas en el filtrado colaborativo da por el usuario a medida que va como Flickr, Delicious, Tagzania, que sirven para compartir referen- creando una base de datos de las y otros. El resultado colectivo de cias científicas –en lugar de enlaces referencias de sus documentos que este proceso es un complejo tejido a favoritos–, referencias que se con- al ser compartidas con otros, le va a 86 El profesional de la información, v. 19, n. 1, enero-febrero 2010 CiteULike y Connotea: herramientas 2.0 para el descubrimiento de la información científica permitir navegar libremente por el reducen, en lugar de aumentar, la dad”. Estos pueden ser de utilidad conjunto de etiquetas y de esta ma- eficiencia de la búsqueda debido a para marcar tendencias en determi- nera conocer y compilar referencias la cantidad de sinónimos, homóni- nados ámbitos científicos en los que de los documentos incorporados mos, polisemia, y por la heteroge- las referencias de los artículos más por otros usuarios; esto favorece los neidad y el ruido que introducen populares se ordenan por el número contactos con otros científicos y la (Zanardi; Capra, 2008). de veces que han sido compartidas formación de grupos de investiga- por el resto de investigadores (Ta- ción sobre temas de interés común. raborelli, 2008). Parece razonable que si se está trabajando sobre un “En un área especializada tema del que existe un documento las etiquetas tienen más compartido por centenares de inves- “El etiquetado social se valor intrínseco que en tigadores especialistas en ese tema, está planteando como un contexto general, ese documento será de obligado co- un método popular para donde el término aislado nocimiento; de cualquier modo, si la organización de la podría tener diferentes no se considera una medida de cali- información en internet interpretaciones” dad, sí lo es de popularidad. A pesar de que CiteULike tiene ahora más de 3 millones de referen- cias e incorpora al día unas 5.000 En los sistemas tradicionales es El etiquetado social es el ejem- nuevas, en España apenas ha tenido el indizador, un individuo experto plo más popular de cómo el soft- eco en la literatura profesional. Sólo en las normas y formas de organiza- ware social ha ayudado a superar se pueden mencionar uno o dos tra- ción de información, el que asigna los límites de los enfoques tradi- bajos, destacando la ponencia pre- descriptores para facilitar el acceso cionales de la categorización de sentada en las Jornadas Españolas a la información. En algunas oca- contenidos. Este conjunto de datos de Documentación de 2007 por siones la indización la realizan los a gran escala formado por las men- Jesús Tramullas y Mónica Gimé- propios autores de los artículos a cionadas estructuras conceptuales nez-López (2007) en la que se hace quienes la revista en la que publi- llamadas folksonomías ha llevado una evaluación del software libre can exige la asignación de palabras a algunos autores a formular lo que para la gestión de referencias. clave a sus trabajos. En contrapo- han denominado FolkRank (Hotho sición a esto, en los sistemas de et al., 2006), es decir, un algoritmo etiquetado social son los propios similar al PageRank de Google pero usuarios quienes asignan estas eti- basado en la popularidad que gene- “Las folksonomías quetas. Se han realizado algunos ra la estructura de la folksonomía incluyen términos que estudios comparativos que arrojan en relación a la recuperación, uso nunca aparecerían en una diferencias importantes entre los y descubrimiento de comunidades indización profesional, sistemas de indexación de usuario y científicas dentro del etiquetado. Se pues corresponden al los sistemas de indización profesio- podría decir que en un área especia- nal, pero estas cuestiones deben ser lizada las etiquetas tienen más valor vocabulario real de los consideradas en función de la uti- intrínseco que en un contexto gene- usuarios” lidad de los sistemas de etiquetado ral, donde el término aislado podría para el descubrimiento de recursos, tener diferentes interpretaciones ya que el mundo de las folksono- porque tiene un valor añadido, que mías incluye términos que nunca es la especificidad de ese término en La función básica de estas he- aparecerían en una indización rea- ese campo junto a otras etiquetas de rramientas es simple: cuando un lizada por expertos o en un tesauro, su propio entorno científico. Estos investigador localiza una referencia pues corresponden a un vocabula- datos aislados tienen un interés re- a un documento que le interesa en rio real que utilizan los usuarios de lativo, importante para cada investi- la Web, pueden hacer clic en un bo- un ámbito concreto o determinado gador, sin embargo a escala colecti- tón que se instala en el navegador del conocimiento (Kipp, 2009). va suponen una solución interesante y agregarlo a su colección personal. Estos sistemas también han sido para la evaluación de los contenidos Posteriormente sólo deberá añadir cuestionados por el hecho de que científicos a gran escala. Si un ran- unas etiquetas que caractericen el las etiquetas, al ser definidas por la go de etiquetas lo agrupamos por contenido del mismo. Las etiquetas gente de manera informal, cambian categorías científicas tendremos que se incluyen son términos del continuamente y, en muchos casos los llamados “índices de populari- lenguaje natural significativas para El profesional de la información, v. 19, n. 1, enero-febrero 2010 87 Julio Alonso-Arévalo, José A. Cordón-García y Helena Martín-Rodero él y al mismo tiempo para otros investigadores que trabajan en esa área de conocimiento (Alonso-Aré- valo, 2009). Seguidamente vamos a describir CiteULike y Connotea, pero existen otras aplicaciones que comparten Figura 1. MyCiteULike biblioteca personal características similares como son Zotero o Mendeley, e incluso las áreas compartidas de otros gestores señadas fundamentalmente para sa- – Watchlists: listas de seguimien- clásicos como RefWorks o EndNo- tisfacer las necesidades de los cien- to de otros autores y etiquetas suscritas te Web, aunque no son propiamen- tíficos y académicos (Emamy; Ca- por nosotros.
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