Coverage of Academic Citation Databases Compared with Coverage
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A Comparative Evaluation of Geospatial Semantic Web Frameworks for Cultural Heritage
heritage Article A Comparative Evaluation of Geospatial Semantic Web Frameworks for Cultural Heritage Ikrom Nishanbaev 1,* , Erik Champion 1,2,3 and David A. McMeekin 4,5 1 School of Media, Creative Arts, and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; [email protected] 2 Honorary Research Professor, CDHR, Sir Roland Wilson Building, 120 McCoy Circuit, Acton 2601, Australia 3 Honorary Research Fellow, School of Social Sciences, FABLE, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6907, Australia 4 School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; [email protected] 5 School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 July 2020; Accepted: 4 August 2020; Published: 12 August 2020 Abstract: Recently, many Resource Description Framework (RDF) data generation tools have been developed to convert geospatial and non-geospatial data into RDF data. Furthermore, there are several interlinking frameworks that find semantically equivalent geospatial resources in related RDF data sources. However, many existing Linked Open Data sources are currently sparsely interlinked. Also, many RDF generation and interlinking frameworks require a solid knowledge of Semantic Web and Geospatial Semantic Web concepts to successfully deploy them. This article comparatively evaluates features and functionality of the current state-of-the-art geospatial RDF generation tools and interlinking frameworks. This evaluation is specifically performed for cultural heritage researchers and professionals who have limited expertise in computer programming. Hence, a set of criteria has been defined to facilitate the selection of tools and frameworks. -
From the Semantic Web to Social Machines
ARTICLE IN PRESS ARTINT:2455 JID:ARTINT AID:2455 /REV [m3G; v 1.23; Prn:25/11/2009; 12:36] P.1 (1-6) Artificial Intelligence ••• (••••) •••–••• Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Artificial Intelligence www.elsevier.com/locate/artint From the Semantic Web to social machines: A research challenge for AI on the World Wide Web ∗ Jim Hendler a, , Tim Berners-Lee b a Tetherless World Constellation, RPI, United States b Computer Science and AI Laboratory, MIT, United States article info abstract Article history: The advent of social computing on the Web has led to a new generation of Web Received 24 September 2009 applications that are powerful and world-changing. However, we argue that we are just Received in revised form 1 October 2009 at the beginning of this age of “social machines” and that their continued evolution and Accepted 1 October 2009 growth requires the cooperation of Web and AI researchers. In this paper, we show how Available online xxxx the growing Semantic Web provides necessary support for these technologies, outline the challenges we see in bringing the technology to the next level, and propose some starting places for the research. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Much has been written about the profound impact that the World Wide Web has had on society. Yet it is primarily in the past few years, as more interactive “read/write” technologies (e.g. Wikis, blogs and photo/video sharing) and social network- ing sites have proliferated, that the truly profound nature of this change is being felt. From the very beginning, however, the Web was designed to create a network of humans changing society empowered using this shared infrastructure. -
Deciding SHACL Shape Containment Through Description Logics Reasoning
Deciding SHACL Shape Containment through Description Logics Reasoning Martin Leinberger1, Philipp Seifer2, Tjitze Rienstra1, Ralf Lämmel2, and Steffen Staab3;4 1 Inst. for Web Science and Technologies, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany 2 The Software Languages Team, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany 3 Institute for Parallel and Distributed Systems, University of Stuttgart, Germany 4 Web and Internet Science Research Group, University of Southampton, England Abstract. The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) allows for for- malizing constraints over RDF data graphs. A shape groups a set of constraints that may be fulfilled by nodes in the RDF graph. We investi- gate the problem of containment between SHACL shapes. One shape is contained in a second shape if every graph node meeting the constraints of the first shape also meets the constraints of the second. Todecide shape containment, we map SHACL shape graphs into description logic axioms such that shape containment can be answered by description logic reasoning. We identify several, increasingly tight syntactic restrictions of SHACL for which this approach becomes sound and complete. 1 Introduction RDF has been designed as a flexible, semi-structured data format. To ensure data quality and to allow for restricting its large flexibility in specific domains, the W3C has standardized the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)5. A set of SHACL shapes are represented in a shape graph. A shape graph represents constraints that only a subset of all possible RDF data graphs conform to. A SHACL processor may validate whether a given RDF data graph conforms to a given SHACL shape graph. A shape graph and a data graph that act as a running example are pre- sented in Fig. -
Altmetric.Com and Plumx
This is a preprint of an article published in Scientometrics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03941-y A large-scale comparison of coverage and mentions captured by the two altmetric aggregators- Altmetric.com and PlumX Mousumi Karmakara, Sumit Kumar Banshalb, Vivek Kumar Singha,1 1Department of Computer Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India 2Department of Computer Science, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India. Abstract: The increased social media attention to scholarly articles has resulted in creation of platforms & services to track the social media transactions around them. Altmetric.com and PlumX are two such popular altmetric aggregators. Scholarly articles get mentions in different social platforms (such as Twitter, Blog, Facebook) and academic social networks (such as Mendeley, Academia and ResearchGate). The aggregators track activity and events in social media and academic social networks and provide the coverage and transaction data to researchers for various purposes. Some previous studies have compared different altmetric aggregators and found differences in the coverage and mentions captured by them. This paper attempts to revisit the question by doing a large-scale analysis of altmetric mentions captured by the two aggregators, for a set 1,785,149 publication records from Web of Science. Results obtained show that PlumX tracks more altmetric sources and captures altmetric events for a larger number of articles as compared to Altmetric.com. However, the coverage and average mentions of the two aggregators, for the same set of articles, vary across different platforms, with Altmetric.com recording higher mentions in Twitter and Blog, and PlumX recording higher mentions in Facebook and Mendeley. -
The Application of Semantic Web Technologies to Content Analysis in Sociology
THEAPPLICATIONOFSEMANTICWEBTECHNOLOGIESTO CONTENTANALYSISINSOCIOLOGY MASTER THESIS tabea tietz Matrikelnummer: 749153 Faculty of Economics and Social Science University of Potsdam Erstgutachter: Alexander Knoth, M.A. Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Harald Sack Potsdam, August 2018 Tabea Tietz: The Application of Semantic Web Technologies to Content Analysis in Soci- ology, , © August 2018 ABSTRACT In sociology, texts are understood as social phenomena and provide means to an- alyze social reality. Throughout the years, a broad range of techniques evolved to perform such analysis, qualitative and quantitative approaches as well as com- pletely manual analyses and computer-assisted methods. The development of the World Wide Web and social media as well as technical developments like optical character recognition and automated speech recognition contributed to the enor- mous increase of text available for analysis. This also led sociologists to rely more on computer-assisted approaches for their text analysis and included statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. A variety of techniques, tools and use cases developed, which lack an overall uniform way of standardizing these approaches. Furthermore, this problem is coupled with a lack of standards for reporting studies with regards to text analysis in sociology. Semantic Web and Linked Data provide a variety of standards to represent information and knowl- edge. Numerous applications make use of these standards, including possibilities to publish data and to perform Named Entity Linking, a specific branch of NLP. This thesis attempts to discuss the question to which extend the standards and tools provided by the Semantic Web and Linked Data community may support computer-assisted text analysis in sociology. First, these said tools and standards will be briefly introduced and then applied to the use case of constitutional texts of the Netherlands from 1884 to 2016. -
The Web of Data for E-Commerce: Schema.Org and Goodrelations for Researchers and Practitioners
The Web of Data for E-Commerce: Schema.org and GoodRelations for Researchers and Practitioners Martin Hepp() E-Business & Web Science Research Group, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract. Schema.org is one of the main drivers for the adoption of Semantic Web principles by a broad number of organizations and individuals for real business needs. GoodRelations is a well-established conceptual model for representing e-commerce information, one of the few widely used OWL DL on- tologies, and since 2012 the official e-commerce model of schema.org. In this tutorial, we will (1) give a comprehensive overview and hands-on training on the advanced conceptual structures of schema.org for e-commerce, including patterns for ownership and demand, (2) present the full tool chain for producing and consuming respective data, (3) explain the long-term vision of Linked Open Commerce, and (4) discuss advanced topics, like access control, identity and authentication (e.g. with WebID); micropayment services, and data management issues from the publisher and consumer perspective. We will also cover research opportunities resulting from the growing adoption and the re- spective amount of data in RDFa, Microdata, and JSON-LD syntaxes. Keywords: Schema.org · GoodRelations · Semantic Web · Ontologies · Micro- data · OWL · RDFa · JSON-LD · Linked Open Data · E-Commerce · E-Business 1 Introduction Schema.org [1] is one of the main drivers for the adoption of Semantic Web principles by a broad number of people for their real business needs. The resulting amount of real-world RDF1 data exceeds a critical mass so that it becomes interesting as reference data for any kind of foundational Semantic Web research. -
A Celebration of 10 Years of the Science of the Web WEB SCIENCE TRUST BOARD Board Members
2006-2016 A celebration of 10 Years of the Science of the Web WEB SCIENCE TRUST BOARD Board Members Professor Dame Wendy Hall JP Rangaswami Professor Sir Nigel Shadbolt Professor George Metakides Professor James Hendler John Taysom Professor Noshir Contractor Daniel J Weitzner Fellows and Advisors Professor Bebo White Web Science Champion Sir John Taylor Professor Sir Tim Berners-Lee Senior Fellow Senior Fellow Anni Rowland-Campbell Baroness Rennie Fritchie Advisor Patron We also wish to acknowledge the contribution of colleagues who acted as supporters and research fellows for the fore- runner to the Web Science Trust, the Web Science Research Initiative (WSRI). CELEBRATING 10 YEARS OF WEB SCIENCE 2016 marks the tenth anniversary of the academic discipline of Web Science. It was in 2006 that the paper ‘Creating a Science of the Web’ appeared in the journal Science. The paper’s authors: Tim Berners-Lee, Wendy Hall, James Hendler, Nigel Shadbolt, and Daniel Weitzner, set out their concerns about the future direction of the Web, and emphasized the need to establish a clear research agenda ‘aimed at understanding the current, evolving, and potential Web’: “If we want to model the Web; if we want to understand the architectural principles that have provided for its growth; and if we want to be sure that it supports the basic social values of trustworthiness, privacy, and respect for social boundaries, then we must chart out a research agenda that targets the Web as a primary focus of attention.” The authors called for the new discipline of Web Science role in shaping appropriate policy directives, as well as to be inherently interdisciplinary, to tackle research enabling a better understanding of the central importance challenges around ownership and access to data, and to of the Web in all our lives. -
A Manifesto for Web Science? Susan Halford, Cathy Pope, Leslie Carr University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
A Manifesto for Web Science? Susan Halford, Cathy Pope, Leslie Carr University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom [email protected] Categories and Subject Descriptors The call for Web Science insists that we open up this H.3.5 [Information Storage and Retrieval]: Online space. In doing so, a flag has been planted. Hendler, Information Services Berners-Lee et al have named this territory for web science and have begun to map it from their vantage point in General Terms Computer Science. But – and as they would be the first to Management, Documentation, Economics, Security, acknowledge – this is only one vantage point. Other Human Factors, Legal Aspects. disciplines will add new perspectives and interpretations. However, it is by no means certain that we will all agree Keywords about what we see. For whilst we might all agree that Web Web science Science cannot develop without inter-disciplinarity, we 1. INTRODUCTION should be clear from the beginning that this is no simple matter. We need to be realistic about what we are getting A clarion call for a new science of the web has been ourselves into. There will be big challenges in making sounded in the pages of CACM (Hendler et al 2008) and ourselves understood to each other and developing elsewhere in path-breaking papers by Berners-Lee et al collaborative understandings will require us to leave the (2006a, 2006b). These authors point to a paradox: despite comfort of our disciplinary silos. But, the promise of new the huge effect that the web has had on computing – not to forms of knowledge and understanding that are bigger than mention the world – computer scientists rarely study the the sum of our parts are gains worth working for. -
Use of Reference Management Software Among Science Research Scholars in University of Kerala
Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services ISSN: 2231-6094 Vol. 8 No. 1, 2018, pp. 54-57 © The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in Use of Reference Management Software among Science Research Scholars in University of Kerala R.V. Amrutha1, K.S. Akshaya Kumar2 and S. Humayoon Kabir3 1Librarian, KILE, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2Lecturer, 3Associate Professor, Department of Library and Information Science, University of Kerala, Kerala, India E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract - The purpose of this study is to make a II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE comprehensive study of the use of Reference Management Software among the science research scholars of University of Nicholas Lonergan(2017) studied to determine faculty Kerala. Main objective of the study was to identify the use of preferences and attitudes regarding reference different types of Reference Management Software used by research scholars. Study also aims to find out the features management software (RMS) to improve the library’s preferred by science researchers from different Reference support and training programs. A short, online survey Management Software. Proportionate stratified sample of 166 was emailed to approximately 272 faculties. Survey (63%) out of 266 full time Science research scholars of results indicated that multiple RMS was in use, with University of Kerala was selected and questionnaires were faculty preferring Zotero over the library-supported distributed among them .Study is conducted through RefWorks. More than 40 per cent did not use any RMS... structured questionnaire. These findings support the necessity of doing more Keywords: Reference Management Software, Science Research research to establish the parameters of the RMS Scholars environment among faculty, with implications for support, instruction and outreach at the institutional I. -
An Overview and Comparison of Free Reference Managers
Mendeley, Zotero and CiteULike Presenter: Marié Roux Librarian: Research Support JS Gericke Library What are free reference managers Overview: Mendeley Mendeley demonstration Overview: Zotero Overview: CiteULike Overview: Endnote Basic Comparison: Mendeley, Zotero and RefWorks Free, easy to use and convenient reference management applications to help you save, organise and store your references. They allow you to create in-text citations and bibliographies, and both offer a desktop and online access. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_ reference_management_software Reference managers (RM) have a variety of functions: Import citations from bibliographic databases and websites Gather metadata from PDF files Allow organization of citations with the RM database Allow annotations of citations Allow sharing of database and portions thereof Allow data interchange with other RM products through standard formats (RIS/BibTeX) Produce formatted citations in a variety of styles Work with word processing software to facilitate in-text citation www.mendeley.com Developed in 2008 by a web 2.0 start-up Free package with the option to upgrade for more individual and shared storage space Desktop and web version Mendeley web give users access to social features, i.e. sharing references or discovering research trends Elsevier takeover Reference manager: Generate citations and bibliographies in Microsoft Word, OpenOffice and LaTex Read and annotate: Open PDF’s and capture thoughts through sticky notes and highlighting of -
Astrea: Automatic Generation of SHACL Shapes from Ontologies
Astrea: automatic generation of SHACL shapes from ontologies Andrea Cimmino[0000−0002−1823−4484], Alba Fern´andez-Izquierdo[0000−0003−2011−3654], and Ra´ulGarc´ıa-Castro[0000−0002−0421−452X] Ontology Engineering Group Universidad Polit´ecnicade Madrid cimmino,albafernandez,[email protected] Abstract. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) that publish RDF data modelled using ontologies in a wide range of domains have populated the Web. The SHACL language is a W3C recommendation that has been endowed to encode a set of either value or model data restrictions that aim at validat- ing KG data, ensuring data quality. Developing shapes is a complex and time consuming task that is not feasible to achieve manually. This arti- cle presents two resources that aim at generating automatically SHACL shapes for a set of ontologies: (1) Astrea-KG, a KG that publishes a set of mappings that encode the equivalent conceptual restrictions among ontology constraint patterns and SHACL constraint patterns, and (2) Astrea, a tool that automatically generates SHACL shapes from a set of ontologies by executing the mappings from the Astrea-KG. These two resources are openly available at Zenodo, GitHub, and a web application. In contrast to other proposals, these resources cover a large number of SHACL restrictions producing both value and model data restrictions, whereas other proposals consider only a limited number of restrictions or focus only on value or model restrictions. Keywords: SHACL Shapes · RDF Validation · Ontology Resource type: Dataset & Software Astrea-KG: http://astrea.helio.linkeddata.es/ Astrea-KG DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3571009 Astrea application: http://astrea.linkeddata.es/ 1 Introduction Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are becoming pervasive on the Web [5]. -
Public and Private Research: Current State of German Publications
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Stahlschmidt, Stephan; Stephen, Dimity; Hinze, Sybille Research Report Performance and structures of the German science system Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem, No. 5-2019 Provided in Cooperation with: Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) Suggested Citation: Stahlschmidt, Stephan; Stephen, Dimity; Hinze, Sybille (2019) : Performance and structures of the German science system, Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem, No. 5-2019, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI), Berlin This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/194275 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Performance and Structures of the German Science System Stephan Stahlschmidt, Dimity Stephen and Sybille Hinze Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem Nr.