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TF Hostel WAAA MAIN ACCOMMODATION TF Hostel WAAA MAIN ACCOMMODATION Wi network: Jones Quartey Building 16th BIENNIAL COLLOQUIUM WEST AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (W.A.A.A/A.O.A.A) XVIe COLLOQUE BIENNAL DE L’ASSOCIATION OUEST AFRICAINE D’ARCHEOLOGIE (AOAA/WAAA) 9th -13th July 2019 Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies University of Ghana, Legon-Ghana. THEME: ‘ARCHAEOLOGY AND WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN WEST AFRICA’ ‘ARCHEOLOGIE ET SITES DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST’ 1 COLLOQUIUM ABSTRACT The need to integrate world heritage curriculum in the academic programmes of African educational institutions has become the clarion call of UNESCO and the African World Heritage Fund to African institutions. According to UNESCO, Africa boasts of a heritage of unrivalled natural and cultural diversity that constitutes the very essence of its identity. Yet, sub-Saharan Africa is underrepresented on the World Heritage List. With 93 properties (51 cultural sites, 37 natural sites, 8 mixed sites), Africa is the most under-represented region on the List. Despite the adoption of the Global Strategy for a representative balanced and credible World Heritage List, the continent hosts only 9 per cent of all World Heritage sites, while the European and North American Regions account for 47 per cent of properties inscribed on the List. Thus, the call for African educational institutions to implement the World Heritage Convention is an undeniable expectation that we must champion; as a credible regional body in Africa. This conference among other things offers the platform for us to brainstorm and dialogue on how to facilitate our contributions to the existing curricula related to research, conservation and management of world heritage sites in West Africa. The low inscription rate has been adduced to factors such as; i) the poor quality of the nomination dossiers, which often results from the lack of close collaboration between academic institutions, specialized institutions in World Heritage and the governments of African member states; ii) the limited budget allocated to the national heritage sector in many African countries; especially concerning the process of archaeological research and inscription on the Tentative and World Heritage Lists; iii) the limited number of experts specialized in the field of heritage management and conservation of Africa’s heritage as well as insufficient academic guidance and lack of sufficient integration of world heritage studies into the existing programmes of academic institutions in Africa. How do we convince government institutions to support academic institutions in the creation or strengthening of curricula oriented towards increasing heritage professionals and with a view to expanding job prospects and supporting Africans in taking ownership of 2 their unique heritage? It is in this context that this conference would like to complement the efforts of our international partners. The sessions and papers cover, but not limited to, issues and case studies on the role of archaeology in world heritage research, documentation and inventory of sites, site management and conservation practices, the preparation of tentative lists and nomination files, innovation and job creation with archaeotourism and heritage resources as well as the creation of home- grown academic theories and practices to enhance this discourse. 3 RÉSUMÉ DU COLLOQUE La nécessité d’intégrer les programmes d’enseignement du patrimoine mondial dans les programmes académiques des institutions éducatives africaines est devenue l’appel lancé par l’UNESCO et le Fonds du patrimoine mondial africain aux institutions africaines. Selon l’UNESCO, l’Afrique se vante d’un patrimoine d’une diversité naturelle et culturelle sans égale qui constitue l’essence même de son identité. Pourtant, l’Afrique subsaharienne est sous-représentée sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial. Avec 93 biens (51 sites culturels, 37 sites naturels, 8 sites mixtes), l’Afrique est la région la plus sous-représentée de la Liste. Malgré l’adoption de la Stratégie globale pour une Liste du patrimoine mondial représentative, équilibrée et crédible, le continent n’abrite que 9% des sites du patrimoine mondial, tandis que les régions d’Europe et d’Amérique du Nord comptent pour 47% des biens inscrits sur la Liste. L’appel lancé aux institutions éducatives africaines pour la mise en œuvre de la Convention du patrimoine mondial est donc une attente indéniable que nous devons défendre. en tant qu’organe régional crédible en Afrique. Cette conférence nous offre, entre autres, la plate-forme de réflexion et de dialogue sur la manière de faciliter nos contributions aux programmes existants en matière de recherche, de conservation et de gestion des sites du patrimoine mondial en Afrique de l’Ouest. Le faible taux d’inscription a été attribué à des facteurs tels que: i) la mauvaise qualité des dossiers de propositions d’inscription, qui résulte souvent du manque de collaboration étroite entre les institutions universitaires, les institutions spécialisées dans le patrimoine mondial et les gouvernements des États membres africains; ii) le budget limité alloué au secteur du patrimoine national dans de nombreux pays africains, notamment en ce qui concerne le processus de recherche archéologique et l’inscription sur les listes indicative et du patrimoine mondial; iii) le nombre limité d’experts spécialisés dans le domaine de la gestion du patrimoine et de la conservation du patrimoine africain, l’insuffisance des orientations académiques et l’intégration insuffisante des études sur le patrimoine mondial dans les programmes existants des institutions universitaires africaines. Comment convaincre les institutions gouvernementales de soutenir les institutions académiques dans la 4 création ou le renforcement de cursus orientés vers les professionnels du patrimoine, dans le but d’élargir les perspectives d’emploi et d’aider les Africains à s’approprier leur patrimoine unique? C’est dans ce contexte que cette conférence souhaite compléter les efforts de nos partenaires internationaux. Les sessions et les communications couvrent, entre autres, des sujets et des études de cas sur le rôle de l’archéologie dans la recherche sur le patrimoine mondial, la documentation et l’inventaire des sites, les pratiques de gestion et de conservation des sites, la préparation de listes indicatives et de dossiers de candidature, l’innovation et la création d’emplois avec l’archéotourisme et les ressources du patrimoine, ainsi que la création de théories et de pratiques académiques locales pour renforcer ce discours. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT EXECUTIVE BOARD OF WAAA/AOAA-BUREAU EXECUTIF ENTRANT DE L’AOAA/WAAA (2017-2019) President: Dr Wazi APOH (Ghana) 1st Vice-President: Dr. Elise F. THIOMBIANO ILBOUDO (Burkina Faso) 2nd Vice-President: Dr Clement Olumuyiwa BAKINDE (Nigeria) General Secretary: Dr Samuel N. NKUMBAAN (Ghana) Deputy Secretary: Dr. G. Monique TOSSOU (Benin) General Treasury: Dr Simeon K. KOUAKOU (Côte d’Ivoire) Assistant Treasurer: Ms. Aka Adjo BEBEWOU (Togo) Auditor: Dr Didier N’DAH (Benin) Editor-in-chief: Prof. David AREMU (Nigeria) WAJA Manager: Prof. Raphael .A. ALABI (Nigeria) 16TH WAAA COLLOQUIUM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Dr Wazi Apoh (President; Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Dr Samuel Nkumbaan (General Secretary; Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Dr Aba Eyifa-Dzidzienyo (Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) 6 Mr Daniel Kumah (Assistant Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Mr Samuel Gyam (Assistant Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Mr Edward Nyarko (Assistant Lecturer, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Prof. Raphael A. Alabi (Visiting Scholar, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) Ms Pearl Lamptey (WAAA LOC Secretary, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Ghana) WEBSITE DESIGNER (www.ug.edu.gh/waaagh/): Mr Benson Osei Tutu, University of Ghana 7 WAAA CONFERENCE VENUES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA DAHS: Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies Seminar Room IAS: Institute of African Studies: Conference Room SCDE 1 & 2: School of Continuing and Distance Education Conference Rooms 8 PROGRAMME DAY 1: TUESDAY JULY 9, 2019 08:00-12:00 Arrival and Registration STUDENT SESSION VENUE: IAS Conference Room CHAIRMAN OF STUDENT SESSION: Dr Clement Olumuyiwa 2nd Vice President of WAAA 09:30-09:40 Welcome Address: Dr Wazi Apoh, President of WAAA 9:40-10:00 Statement by Mr Felix Barnes, Programme Officer, DAAD Information Center, Accra 10:00-10:15 Statement by Hon Ama Serwah Nerquaye-Tetteh, Secretary General, Ghana National Commission for UNESCO 10:15-10:40 Statement by Mr Daniel Owusu Koranteng, Executive Director of WACAM 10:40-10:50 Statement by Mr Kolawole Adekola, Junior Representative, West African Region, World Archaeological Congress (WAC) 10:50-11:05 Q & A 11:05-11:20 COFFEE BREAK VENUE: IAS 11:20-12:00 Keynote Speaker: Improving African Futures Using Lessons from the Past: Prospects and Practice Améliorer les avenirs africains en utilisant les leçons du passé: perspectives et pratiques Professor Ann Stahl, Professor of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Canada 12:00-12:30 Q & A 12:30-2:00 LUNCH (For Registered Participants Only) VENUE: DAHS FORECOURT 9 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS SESSION IAS Chairman of Keynote
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  • IN BENIN PRACTICE: the Form of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) O

    IN BENIN PRACTICE: the Form of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) O

    FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM) or FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING (FGC) IN BENIN PRACTICE: The form of female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting (FGC) practiced in Benin is Type II (commonly referred to as excision). INCIDENCE: The Benin chapter of the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children (IAC) conducted a survey in 1992. It estimated that the percentage of women who have undergone this procedure is close to 30 percent. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the percentage is closer to 50 percent. However, this figure appears high to many locally based physicians and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The 1992 survey found that while Type II or excision is widely practiced, the practice is not uniformly distributed throughout the country. It occurs in the northern part of the country, particularly in the departments of Atacora, Borgou, Zou and Alibori. It also occurs in some communities in the southern coastal department of Oueme. The ethnic groups most affected are the Bariba, Peul, Boko, Baatonau, Wama and Nago. The Wama and the Peul (Fulani) ethnic groups perpetrate the practice in Atacora. ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS: Certain ethnic groups ascribe to the belief that this practice is good for the health of girls and women and for older girls, is a part of the socialization process marking the transition to adulthood. Some older citizens defend the practice and stress the advantages of having a woman “cut” to ensure her faithfulness to her husband. Some claim that Islam or indigenous religions demand or recommend it. TYPE II: Type II is the excision (removal) of the clitoris together with part or all of the labia minora (the inner vaginal lips).