DOCSLIB.ORG

Owain Davies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Owain Davies Masterarbeit . am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie der Universität Leipzig über das Thema The Translation of Culture-specific Material in Children's Literature with particular reference to the German translation of the Tiffany Aching series by Terry Pratchett . vorgelegt von Owain Davies Matrikelnummer 3708164 MA Translatologie . Referent: Herr Timothy Jones Korreferent: Frau Dr. Beate Herting Leipzig 15.05.2018 Acknowledgements I would like to offer many thanks to Tim Jones for his readiness to supervise this thesis and his encouragement and occasionally timely advice during the M.A. course, and also to Beate Herting for agreeing to take on the role of second examiner. To my parents I owe an exceptional debt of gratitude for their unwavering and generous support, both practical and moral, over recent years. Thank you very, very much. To Susi, Cynan and Mabon it only remains for me to say that I doubt I’d have got as far as typing this were it not for your patience, good humour and general dedication to keeping my spirits up when things weren’t looking so rosy. You might even get to see a bit more of me now! Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Children’s Literature .......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Translation of Children’s Literature ................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Interplay of picture and words in picture books ......................................................... 8 1.2.2 Playful use of language .............................................................................................. 8 1.2.3 The possibility of double address (of child and adult) ............................................... 8 1.3 Culture-specific Material in Translation ............................................................................ 9 1.3.1 Göte Klingberg ......................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Eirlys E. Davies ........................................................................................................ 13 1.4 Terry Pratchett .................................................................................................................. 15 1.4.1 The Discworld and Writing for Children ................................................................. 16 1.4.2 The Tiffany Aching series ........................................................................................ 19 2 Setting and Tradition ............................................................................................................... 22 2.1 The Cultural Setting and Not Especially Culture-specific Material ................................. 24 2.2 Natural Environment ........................................................................................................ 25 2.2.1 Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................................ 25 2.2.2 Geographical Setting ................................................................................................ 28 2.3 References to Popular Belief ............................................................................................ 30 2.3.1 Jenny Greenteeth ...................................................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Grimhounds .............................................................................................................. 32 2.3.3 Fairies ....................................................................................................................... 33 3 Language Variation ................................................................................................................. 42 3.1 Language Variation in Children’s Literature ................................................................... 43 3.2 General Language Variation in the Tiffany Aching series ................................................ 47 3.3 The Language of the Nac Mac Feegle ............................................................................. 52 3.3.1 Elements of Feegle speech ....................................................................................... 53 3.3.2 Feegle speech in use ................................................................................................. 55 3.3.3 Feegle speech in translation ..................................................................................... 56 4 Names ...................................................................................................................................... 63 4.1 Proper Nouns in Translation ............................................................................................ 63 4.1.1 Preservation .............................................................................................................. 66 4.1.2 Addition ................................................................................................................... 67 4.1.3 Omission .................................................................................................................. 68 4.1.4 Globalization ............................................................................................................ 68 4.1.5 Localization .............................................................................................................. 69 4.1.6 Transformation ......................................................................................................... 69 4.1.7 Creation .................................................................................................................... 70 4.2 Personal Names in the Tiffany Aching books ................................................................... 70 4.2.1 Human Names .......................................................................................................... 71 4.2.2 Feegle Names ........................................................................................................... 72 4.3 The Translation of Personal Names in the Tiffany Aching books .................................... 73 4.3.1 Human Names in Translation ................................................................................... 73 4.3.2 Feegle Names in Translation .................................................................................... 74 4.3.3 Individual Names in Translation .............................................................................. 74 5 Intertextuality .......................................................................................................................... 80 5.1 Intertextuality in Translation ............................................................................................ 80 5.1.1 ‘Intertextuality Proper’ ............................................................................................. 81 5.1.2 ‘Facultative Intertextuality’ ...................................................................................... 82 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 87 Appendix A – Flora and Fauna in translation .................................................................................. 90 Appendix B – Personal names in translation ................................................................................... 94 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 101 References ...................................................................................................................................... 101 1 Foreword One can hardly imagine a history of children’s literature, not even conceived from a national point of view, without mentioning translations. (Ghesquiere, 2006: 20) Even in a country as traditionally unreceptive to translated literature as Great Britain1, stories originating in other languages are a familiar part of the literary fare readily available to children. European fairy tales, Japanese manga and characters as diverse and memorable as Asterix, Mrs Pepperpot, Pippi Longstocking and the Moomins have an established place on domestic bookshelves alongside works created closer to home. Nevertheless, despite UK- based efforts to recognize and promote the translation of children’s literature into English2, the current output is notable more for its quality than its quantity or popularity with the reading public. Translator and editor Daniel Hahn, writing recently for The Guardian (Hahn, 2016), goes so far as to question whether there are any contemporary children’s authors, besides Cornelia Funke, whose work is widely translated into English. In Germany, of course, the situation is markedly different3. Even without taking into account the astoundingly popular Harry Potter books, which have sold over 30 million copies in German translation4, a brief look at the children’s section in a high street bookshop is enough to get a good impression of the significance of translation for the German-language children’s book market. The displays
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and The
    S*N DIEGO) atitty, ESTABLISHED IN . THE YEAK MDCCCLXXVIII Alter et Idem. PUBLICATIONS OF THE FOLK-LOKE SOCIETY. II. LONDON: PRINTED BY NICHOLS AND SONS, STREET. 25, PARLIAMENT FOLK-LORE OP THE NORTHERN COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND THE BORDERS. A NEW EDITION WITH MANY ADDITIONAL NOTES. BY WILLIAM HENDERSON, AUTHOR OF " MY LIFE AS AN ANGLER." " Our mothers' maids in our childhood . have so frayed us with hullbeggars, spirits, witches, urchins, elves, hags, fairies, satyrs, pans, faunes, sylvans.kit-with-the-candlestick (will-o'-the-wisp), tritons (kelpies), centaurs, dwarfs, giants, imps, calcars (assy-pods), conjurors, nymphs, changelings, incubus, Rohin-Goodfellow (Brownies), the spoorey, the man in the oak, the hellwain, the firedrake (dead light), the Puckle, Tom Thumb, Hobgoblin, Tom Tumbler, Bouclus, and such other bug- bears, that we are afraid of our own shadows." REGINALD SCOTT. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE FOLK-LORE SOCIETY BY W. SATCHELL, PEYTON AND CO., 12, TAVISTOCK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. W.C. 1879. TO THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY, IN EEMEMBRANCE OF MUCH KINDNESS AND OF MANY PLEASANT HOURS SPENT TOGETHER, THIS VOLUME IS, BY PERMISSION, INSCRIBED WITH EVERY SENTIMENT OE RESPECT AND ESTEEM BY HIS LORDSHIP'S ATTACHED FRIEND, WILLIAM HENDERSON. VI The Council of the Folk-Lore Society, in issuing this work as one of the publications for the year 1879, desire to point out to the Members 'that it is chiefly owing to the generous proposal of Mr. Henderson they arc enabled to produce in the second year of the Society's existence a book so much appreciated by the Folk-Lore student.
    [Show full text]
  • The Asbestos
    The asbestos lie The past and present of an industrial catastrophe — Maria Roselli Maria Roselli, is an investigative journalist for asbestos issues, migration, and economic development. Born in Italy, raised and living in Zurich, Switzerland, Roselli has written frequently in German, Italian, and French media on asbestos use. Contributing authors: Laurent Vogel is researcher at the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI), which is based in Brussels, Belgium. ETUI is the independent research and training centre of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), which is the umbrella organisation of the European trade unions. Dr Barry Castleman, author of Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects, now in its fifth edition, has frequently been called as an expert witness both for plaintiffs and defendants; he has also testified before the U.S. Congress on asbestos use in the United States. He lives in Garrett Park, Maryland. Laurie Kazan-Allen is the editor of the British Asbestos Newsletter and the Coordinator of the International Ban Asbestos Secretariat. She is based in London. Kathleen Ruff is the founder and coordinator of the organisation Right On Canada of the Rideau Institute to promote citizen action for advocating for human rights in Canadian government policies. In 2011, she was named Canadian Public Health Association’s National Public Health Hero for ‘revealing the inaccuracies in the propaganda that the asbestos industry has employed for the better part of the last century to mislead citizens about the seriousness of the threat of asbestos
    [Show full text]
  • Best Books for Kindergarten Through High School
    ! ', for kindergarten through high school Revised edition of Books In, Christian Students o Bob Jones University Press ! ®I Greenville, South Carolina 29614 NOTE: The fact that materials produced by other publishers are referred to in this volume does not constitute an endorsement by Bob Jones University Press of the content or theological position of materials produced by such publishers. The position of Bob Jones Univer- sity Press, and the University itself, is well known. Any references and ancillary materials are listed as an aid to the reader and in an attempt to maintain the accepted academic standards of the pub- lishing industry. Best Books Revised edition of Books for Christian Students Compiler: Donna Hess Contributors: June Cates Wade Gladin Connie Collins Carol Goodman Stewart Custer Ronald Horton L. Gene Elliott Janice Joss Lucille Fisher Gloria Repp Edited by Debbie L. Parker Designed by Doug Young Cover designed by Ruth Ann Pearson © 1994 Bob Jones University Press Greenville, South Carolina 29614 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved ISBN 0-89084-729-0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Contents Preface iv Kindergarten-Grade 3 1 Grade 3-Grade 6 89 Grade 6-Grade 8 117 Books for Analysis and Discussion 125 Grade 8-Grade12 129 Books for Analysis and Discussion 136 Biographies and Autobiographies 145 Guidelines for Choosing Books 157 Author and Title Index 167 c Preface "Live always in the best company when you read," said Sydney Smith, a nineteenth-century clergyman. But how does one deter- mine what is "best" when choosing books for young people? Good books, like good companions, should broaden a student's world, encourage him to appreciate what is lovely, and help him discern between truth and falsehood.
    [Show full text]
  • Scouting Games. 61 Horse and Rider 54 1
    The MacScouter's Big Book of Games Volume 2: Games for Older Scouts Compiled by Gary Hendra and Gary Yerkes www.macscouter.com/Games Table of Contents Title Page Title Page Introduction 1 Radio Isotope 11 Introduction to Camp Games for Older Rat Trap Race 12 Scouts 1 Reactor Transporter 12 Tripod Lashing 12 Camp Games for Older Scouts 2 Map Symbol Relay 12 Flying Saucer Kim's 2 Height Measuring 12 Pack Relay 2 Nature Kim's Game 12 Sloppy Camp 2 Bombing The Camp 13 Tent Pitching 2 Invisible Kim's 13 Tent Strik'n Contest 2 Kim's Game 13 Remote Clove Hitch 3 Candle Relay 13 Compass Course 3 Lifeline Relay 13 Compass Facing 3 Spoon Race 14 Map Orienteering 3 Wet T-Shirt Relay 14 Flapjack Flipping 3 Capture The Flag 14 Bow Saw Relay 3 Crossing The Gap 14 Match Lighting 4 Scavenger Hunt Games 15 String Burning Race 4 Scouting Scavenger Hunt 15 Water Boiling Race 4 Demonstrations 15 Bandage Relay 4 Space Age Technology 16 Firemans Drag Relay 4 Machines 16 Stretcher Race 4 Camera 16 Two-Man Carry Race 5 One is One 16 British Bulldog 5 Sensational 16 Catch Ten 5 One Square 16 Caterpillar Race 5 Tape Recorder 17 Crows And Cranes 5 Elephant Roll 6 Water Games 18 Granny's Footsteps 6 A Little Inconvenience 18 Guard The Fort 6 Slash hike 18 Hit The Can 6 Monster Relay 18 Island Hopping 6 Save the Insulin 19 Jack's Alive 7 Marathon Obstacle Race 19 Jump The Shot 7 Punctured Drum 19 Lassoing The Steer 7 Floating Fire Bombardment 19 Luck Relay 7 Mystery Meal 19 Pocket Rope 7 Operation Neptune 19 Ring On A String 8 Pyjama Relay 20 Shoot The Gap 8 Candle
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 44 (2007)
    THE BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PapYROLOGIsts Volume 44 2007 ISSN 0003-1186 The current editorial address for the Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists is: Peter van Minnen Department of Classics University of Cincinnati 410 Blegen Library Cincinnati, OH 45221-0226 USA [email protected] The editors invite submissions not only fromN orth-American and other members of the Society but also from non-members throughout the world; contributions may be written in English, French, German, or Italian. Manu- scripts submitted for publication should be sent to the editor at the address above. Submissions can be sent as an e-mail attachment (.doc and .pdf) with little or no formatting. A double-spaced paper version should also be sent to make sure “we see what you see.” We also ask contributors to provide a brief abstract of their article for inclusion in L’ Année philologique, and to secure permission for any illustration they submit for publication. The editors ask contributors to observe the following guidelines: • Abbreviations for editions of papyri, ostraca, and tablets should follow the Checklist of Editions of Greek, Latin, Demotic and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca and Tablets (http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/clist.html). The volume number of the edition should be included in Arabic numerals: e.g., P.Oxy. 41.2943.1-3; 2968.5; P.Lond. 2.293.9-10 (p.187). • Other abbreviations should follow those of the American Journal of Ar- chaeology and the Transactions of the American Philological Association. • For ancient and Byzantine authors, contributors should consult the third edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, xxix-liv, and A Patristic Greek Lexi- con, xi-xiv.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of Flores
    Are the Central Flores languages really typologically unusual? Alexander Elias January 13, 2020 1 Abstract The isolating languages of Central Flores (Austronesian) are typologically distinct from their nearby relatives. They have no bound morphology, as well elaborate numeral clas- sifier systems, and quinary-decimal numeral system. McWhorter (2019) proposes that their isolating typology is due to imperfect adult language acquisition of a language of Sulawesi, brought to Flores by settlers from Sulawesi in the relatively recent past. I pro- pose an alternative interpretation, which better accounts for the other typological features found in Central Flores: the Central Flores languages are isolating because they have a strong substrate influence from a now-extinct isolating language belonging to the Mekong- Mamberamo linguistic area (Gil 2015). This explanation better accounts for the typological profile of Central Flores and is a more plausible contact scenario. Keywords: Central Flores languages, Eastern Indonesia, isolating languages, Mekong- Mamberamo linguistic area, substrate influence 2 Introduction The Central Flores languages (Austronesian; Central Malayo-Polynesian) are a group of serialising SVO languages with obligatory numeral classifier systems spoken on the island of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the east of Indonesia. These languages, which are almost completely lacking in bound morphology, include Lio, Ende, Nage, Keo, Ngadha and Rongga. Taken in their local context, this typological profile is unusual: other Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia generally have some bound morphology and non-obligatory numeral classifier systems. However, in a broader view, the Central Flores languages are typologically similar to many of the isolating languages of Mainland Southeast Asia and Western New Guinea, many of which are also isolating, serialising SVO languages with obligatory numeral classifier systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Extract
    BLOOMSBURY CHILDREN’S BOOKS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP , UK BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY CHILDREN’S BOOKS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain in 2019 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Text copyright © T.C. Shelley, 2019 T.C. Shelley has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: PB: 978-1-5266-0083-7; eBook: 978-1-5266-0082-0 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com and sign up for our newsletters iv t is a well- known fact that fairies are born from a baby’s I first laugh. What is not as well docu mented is how monsters come into being. Monsterkind is divided into three categor ies. The Great Monsters – iden ti fi able by their huge size – include trolls, ogres, goblins, dragons, abom in ables and other such monstros it ies. The subgenus, Imps, covers all stunted and smaller species – pixies, brownies, lepre chauns, sprites, boggarts, gargoyles and so on. And, lastly, of course, there are the Monster Witches: banshees, Baba Yagas, snitches, hags, wyrd sisters (hatched in triplets), and the wet witches like sirens and Jenny Greenteeth.
    [Show full text]
  • My Bloody Valentine's Loveless David R
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 My Bloody Valentine's Loveless David R. Fisher Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC MY BLOODY VALENTINE’S LOVELESS By David R. Fisher A thesis submitted to the College of Music In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2006 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of David Fisher on March 29, 2006. ______________________________ Charles E. Brewer Professor Directing Thesis ______________________________ Frank Gunderson Committee Member ______________________________ Evan Jones Outside Committee M ember The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables......................................................................................................................iv Abstract................................................................................................................................v 1. THE ORIGINS OF THE SHOEGAZER.........................................................................1 2. A BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF MY BLOODY VALENTINE.………..………17 3. AN ANALYSIS OF MY BLOODY VALENTINE’S LOVELESS...............................28 4. LOVELESS AND ITS LEGACY...................................................................................50 BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................63
    [Show full text]
  • Tcu-Smu Series
    FROG HISTORY 2008 TCU FOOTBALL TCU FOOTBALL THROUGH THE AGES 4General TCU is ready to embark upon its 112th year of Horned Frog football. Through all the years, with the ex cep tion of 1900, Purple ballclubs have com pet ed on an or ga nized basis. Even during the war years, as well as through the Great Depres sion, each fall Horned Frog football squads have done bat tle on the gridiron each fall. 4BEGINNINGS The newfangled game of foot ball, created in the East, made a quiet and un of­fcial ap pear ance on the TCU campus (AddRan College as it was then known and lo­ cat ed in Waco, Tex as, or nearby Thorp Spring) in the fall of 1896. It was then that sev er al of the col lege’s more ro bust stu dents, along with the en thu si as tic sup port of a cou ple of young “profs,” Addison Clark, Jr., and A.C. Easley, band ed to gether to form a team. Three games were ac tu al ly played that season ... all af ter Thanks giv ing. The first con test was an 8­6 vic to ry over Toby’s Busi ness College of Waco and the other two games were with the Houston Heavy weights, a town team. By 1897 the new sport had progressed and AddRan enlisted its first coach, Joe J. Field, to direct the team. Field’s ballclub won three games that autumn, including a first victory over Texas A&M. The only loss was to the Univer si ty of Tex as, 18­10.
    [Show full text]
  • FEDS NAB SCHIZOID CON Sining with ATTORNEY Docs Say RS B« Fl- Man Has 00 Ov Ht :E- In* 24 Faces
    JManrltratpr Mpralft ) Manchester — A City of Village Charm Saturday. Nov. 22,1986 30 Cents FEDS NAB SCHIZOID CON SiniNG WITH ATTORNEY Docs say RS b« fl- man has 00 ov ht :E- in* 24 faces •d itM By Richard Cole >€• nt The Associated Press Id, MIAMI — William Milligan, a for )ld dangerous mental hospital esca­ let pee with up to 24 personalities, let 10* was in federal custody Friday M t after FBI agents nabbed him in a posh Key Biscayne bar as he :R talked with his attorney. nn. Milligan, 31, was found innocent by reason of insanity in 1978 of raping three women in the Ohio State University area in Colum­ bus. He also had been charged ON with kidnapping and robbing the t I, women. •11 “ We considered him armed and )L* on dangerous, but there was no • d incident and no resistance in fht 9n* connection with the arrest” for Thursday night, Miami FBI spo­ on TH kesman Paul Miller said Friday. CT "I think he was surprised we found bo & him." of U.S. Magistrate Patricia Kyle •4, on Friday ordered Milligan held ER without bond on a charge of 040 by unlawful flight to avoid confine­ a t ment. She set a Dec. 1 hearing for his removal to Ohio, but federal i N4 Public Defender Kenneth Swartz said he was trying to work out a way to get Milligan back toOhioas quickly as possible because he A federal agent escorts fugitive William S. Milligan off a bus into federal court APphotb needs treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiffany Aching, Hermione Granger, and Gendered Magic in Discworld and Potterworld
    Volume 27 Number 3 Article 16 4-15-2009 The Education of a Witch: Tiffany Aching, Hermione Granger, and Gendered Magic in Discworld and Potterworld Janet Brennan Croft University of Oklahoma Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Croft, Janet Brennan (2009) "The Education of a Witch: Tiffany Aching, Hermione Granger, and Gendered Magic in Discworld and Potterworld," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 27 : No. 3 , Article 16. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol27/iss3/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Explores the depiction of gender in education, and how gender issues in education relate to power and agency, in two current young adult fantasy series featuring feisty heroines determined to learn all that they can: Hermione Granger in J.K.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION 1. in Explanation of His Point, Sperry Writes: 'It Is Not Just
    Notes INTRODUCTION 1. In explanation of his point, Sperry writes: 'It is not just that the poetry is taken up in isolation from the life of the poet, from the deeper logic of his career both in itself and in relation to the history of his times, although that fact is continuously disconcerting. It is further that in reducing the verse to a structure of ideas, criticism has gone far toward depriving it of all emotional reality'(14). 2. See, in particular, Federico Olivero's essays on Shelley and Ve­ nice (1909: 217-25), Shelley and Dante, Petrarch and the Italian countryside (1913: 123-76), Epipsychidion (1918: 379-92), Shelley and Turner (1935); Corrado Zacchetti's Shelley e Dante (1922); and Maria De Courten's Percy Bysshe Shelley e l'Italia (1923). A more recent, and important, work is Aurelio Zanco's monograph, Shelley e l'Italia (1945). Other studies of note are by Tirinelli (1893); Fontanarosa (1897); Bernheimer (1920); Bini (1927); and Viviani della Robbia (1936). 3. In researching this field of study, Italian critics have found Shelley to be their best spokesman. 4. A work such as Anna Benneson McMahan's With Shelley in Italy (1907) comes to mind. Hers is a more inclusive anthology than John Lehmann's Shelley in Italy (1947) but needs to be brought up to date. 5. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of the Italian element in Shelley's poetry. Significant studies in English since those of Scudder (1895: 96-114), Toynbee (1909: 214-30), Bradley (1914: 441-56) and Stawell (1914: 104-31) are those of P.
    [Show full text]