DOCSLIB.ORG

Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols American Physiological Society Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols February 2006 i ii AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY COMMITTEE TO DEVELOP AN APS RESOURCE BOOK FOR THE DESIGN OF ANIMAL EXERCISE PROTOCOLS Kevin C. Kregel, PhD, (Chair), The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; (Chair), Animal Care and Experimentation Committee of the American Physiological Society David L. Allen, PhD, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado Frank W. Booth, PhD, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri Monika R. Fleshner, PhD, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado Erik J. Henriksen, PhD, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Timothy I. Musch, PhD, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas Donal S. O’ Leary, PhD, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Christine M. Parks, DVM, PhD, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin David C. Poole, PhD, DSc, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas Alice W. Ra’anan, American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Maryland Don D. Sheriff, PhD, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Michael S. Sturek, PhD, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Linda A. Toth, DVM, PhD, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois iii iv PREFACE This resource book was developed to provide information on generally accepted practices for the design and implementation of exercise research protocols involving animals. It is intended to address experimental paradigms for the most commonly used species and models in the context of U.S. national regulatory requirements for animal welfare and to be used in the context of the Animal Welfare Act, the Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, or other relevant regulations and guidelines. This project grew out of recommendations submitted by the Environmental and Exercise Physiology (EEP) Section of the American Physiological Society (APS) in 2001 to the APS Council. On the basis of a review of published studies involving exercise in various animal species, members of the EEP Section suggested the development of ethical guidelines to be applied in determining whether a given study should be published in APS journals. It has been a long-standing requirement of the APS “Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of Animals” that research studies published in APS journals must minimize the pain and discomfort of animals, but the Society has not offered specific guidance. APS “Ethical Policies and Procedures” are contained in the “Information for Authors” section of the Society’s journal publication instructions and available online at http:// www.the-aps.org/publications/APSEthicalPolicies.pdf. The APS “Guiding Principles for the Care and Use of Animals” can be found online at http:// www.the-aps.org/pa/humane/pa_aps_guiding.htm. The APS Council asked the APS Animal Care and Experimentation (ACE) Committee to examine the EEP recommendations in the broader context of existing regulations and guidelines. In 2002, ACE Committee Chair John N. Stallone asked Kevin Kregel as a member of both the EEP Section and the ACE Committee to organize this project. On December 3, 2002, a planning committee met at the Bethesda, MD headquarters of the APS. The group defined the parameters of the project as providing guidance rather than rules, developed a preliminary outline for the document, and identified additional areas of expertise that were needed. The NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare agreed to provide support for the development of a resource concerning generally accepted standards for animal models of exercise research. v During the next several months, a committee to develop a resource for animal exercise protocols was formed, drawing upon the expertise of the planning committee and others. A first draft was prepared, with committee members contributing sections consistent with their expertise. The expanded project group held a workshop on June 18, 2003. After reviewing the initial draft, the group revised the structure of the document and made additional writing assignments. The third content development workshop was held March 8, 2004 to review progress, discuss broad themes, and identify topics that required further attention. Kevin Kregel, Linda Toth, Erik Henriksen, and Alice Ra’anan served as editors and participated in an additional small meeting that was held on June 1, 2004 for editorial review of content. Authors were then asked to make revisions, and the document was subsequently reviewed by science writer Deborah Berlyne. A final editorial meeting was held on January 27, 2005. The document then underwent peer review, which was administered by Kenneth Baldwin. A diverse group of reviewers was chosen for both technical expertise and broad perspectives related to animal care and exercise testing issues. Comments obtained from these individuals were evaluated and integrated into the final draft of the document, which was completed during the summer of 2005. vi Acknowledgments The authoring committee thanks the APS Council for sponsoring this project and the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare for its generous support. The committee acknowledges the contribution of Deborah Berlyne, who provided many helpful comments and suggestions, as well as the secretarial assistance of Joan Seye. Appreciation is also extended to Kenneth Baldwin, PhD, University of California at Irvine, for oversight of the peer review process. The committee acknowledges the contributions of the following external reviewers: Paul S. Cooper, DVM, The University of Iowa; V. Reggie Edgerton, PhD, University of California at Los Angeles; John O. Holloszy, MD, Washington University; M. Harold Laughlin, PhD, University of Missouri; Roland R. Roy, PhD, University of California at Los Angeles; Kem B. Singletary, DVM, MS, The University of Iowa; and Charles M. Tipton, PhD, University of Arizona. They provided many constructive comments and suggestions. Appreciation is also extended to Drs. Edgerton and Roy for their input to the contents of this document. A document of this magnitude requires substantial contributions from experts in many different areas. Appreciation is extended to the committee members who took part in various aspects of this project, from participation in the workshops to the drafting and editing of sections of this document. In addition, a special debt of gratitude is owed to Erik Henriksen, Tim Musch, and Linda Toth, who contributed a great deal of time and effort to all facets of this project. Finally, the committee especially acknowledges the efforts of APS Public Affairs Officer Alice W. Ra’anan, who managed the project from beginning to end and was critical to its successful completion. Kevin C. Kregel, Chair Committee to Develop an APS Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW I. Scope of the Document................................................................... 1 II. Why Study Exercise? ...................................................................... 1 III. Why Use Animals to Study Exercise? ............................................ 2 IV. Animal Research Oversight ............................................................ 2 CHAPTER 2. GENERAL ASPECTS OF ANIMAL CARE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL USE PROTOCOLS I. Overview ........................................................................................ 7 II. Selecting Animal Models for Exercise Research ........................... 7 III. Study Design Considerations.......................................................... 8 A. Protocol Development .............................................................. 8 B. General Considerations for Exercise Study Design.................. 9 IV. Animal Stress and Humane Study Design .................................... 15 A. Stress and Exercise ................................................................. 15 B. Subject and Stressor Characteristics ....................................... 16 C. Indexes of Acute and Chronic Stress Responses .................... 17 V. Working with Compromised Animals: Animal Models of Disease that Limit Exercise Performance ...... 18 A. Special Considerations for Training Compromised Animals ... 18 B. Disease Models that Limit Exercise Capabilities ................... 19 VI. Impact of Surgery on Exercise...................................................... 20 A. Surgical Procedures on Animals Used in Exercise Studies .... 20 B. Selecting Anesthesia for Animals in Surgery ......................... 20 CHAPTER 3. EXERCISE PROTOCOLS USING RATS AND MICE I. Overview ...................................................................................... 23 II. Exercise Modalities in Rats .......................................................... 23 A. Treadmill Running in Rats...................................................... 23 B. Exercise Wheel Running in Rats ............................................ 30 C. Swimming in Rats .................................................................. 35 ix III. Exercise Modalities in Mice ......................................................... 41 A. Background and Introduction ................................................. 41 B. Treadmill Running in Mice .................................................... 43 C. Exercise Wheel Running in Mice ........................................... 48 D. Swimming in Mice ................................................................. 53 IV. Hindlimb Suspension and Immobilization
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparisons of Perceived Exertion of Elliptical Training Versus Treadmill
    COMPARISONS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION ON ELLIPTICAL TRAINING VERSUS TREADMILL EXERCISE A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education Morehead State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Marcisha Brazley July, 2002 Mf,IJ._ TIIEiS!S {,,( 3.11012.... B 'Z 'J..7 c. COMPARISONS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION ON ELLIPTICAL TRAINING VERSUS TREADMILL EXERCISE Marcisha Brazley, M.A. Morehead State University, 2002 Director of Thesis: --'--=----''---c=.---''-'---..,_,,-"--"-"'.=..c--"'~-Ao.,-.Q?,.j:!sr j;; ,,{, 0, Statement of the Problem: The relationship between rates of perceived exertion (RPE) during elliptical trainer exercise and treadmill exercise is undefined. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to compare and determine whether there are differences in RPE with respect to submaximal workloads between elliptical trainer exercise and treadmill exercise. Sources of d,ata: Five normotensive males, age 21 to 25 years (22.4 ± 1.7) and six normotensive females, age 20 to 23 years (21 ±1.2), VO2 max values 30-59 ml/min/kg were recruited from the Health, Physical Education, and Exercise Science classes at Morehead State University (M.S.U.) and the Wellness Center at Morehead State University. Methods: Each subject completed one graded exercise test on a treadmill as determined by a Bruce protocol. On a separate day, each subject completed one graded exercise test, as determined by a predetermined protocol, on a Precor® EFX544 elliptical cross trainer. The second test was conducted at least 48 hours after the first test. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate values were recorded after every three minutes of each exercise session.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy and Training Module ITU Competitive Coach
    37 energy and training module ITU Competitive Coach Produced by the International Triathlon Union, 2007 38 39 energy & training Have you ever wondered why some athletes shoot off the start line while others take a moment to react? Have you every experienced a “burning” sensation in your muscles on the bike? Have athletes ever claimed they could ‘keep going forever!’? All of these situations involve the use of energy in the body. Any activity the body performs requires work and work requires energy. A molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the “energy currency” of the body. ATP powers most cellular processes that require energy including muscle contraction required for sport performance. Where does ATP come from and how is it used? ATP is produced by the breakdown of fuel molecules—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. During physical activity, three different processes work to split ATP molecules, which release energy for muscles to use in contraction, force production, and ultimately sport performance. These processes, or “energy systems”, act as pathways for the production of energy in sport. The intensity and duration of physical activity determines which pathway acts as the dominant fuel source. Immediate energy system Fuel sources ATP Sport E.g. carbohydrates, energy performance proteins, fats “currency” Short term energy system E.g. swimming, cycling, running, transitions Long term energy system During what parts of a triathlon might athletes use powerful, short, bursts of speed? 1 2 What duration, intensity, and type of activities in a triathlon cause muscles to “burn”? When in a triathlon do athletes have to perform an action repeatedly for longer than 10 or 15 3 minutes at a moderate pace? 40 energy systems Long Term (Aerobic) System The long term system produces energy through aerobic (with oxygen) pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Expenditure During Acute Weight Training Exercises in Healthy Participants: a Preliminary Study
    applied sciences Article Energy Expenditure during Acute Weight Training Exercises in Healthy Participants: A Preliminary Study Muhammad Adeel 1,2, Chien-Hung Lai 3,4, Chun-Wei Wu 2, Jiunn-Horng Kang 3,4, Jian-Chiun Liou 2, Hung-Chou Chen 3,5 , Meng-Jyun Hong 2 and Chih-Wei Peng 1,2,6,* 1 International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-W.W.); [email protected] (J.-C.L.); [email protected] (M.-J.H.) 3 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-H.L.); [email protected] (J.-H.K.); [email protected] (H.-C.C.) 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan 6 School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3070) Abstract: Energy expenditure during weight training exercises produces great fitness and health benefits for humans, but few studies have investigated energy expenditure directly during weight training. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine energy costs during three training sessions Citation: Adeel, M.; Lai, C.-H.; Wu, consisting of three different exercises.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Motion on Trunk Biomechanics
    Clinical Biomechanics 15 (2000) 703±717 www.elsevier.com/locate/clinbiomech Review paper The eects of motion on trunk biomechanics K.G. Davis, W.S. Marras * Biodynamics Laboratory, Room 210, 210 Baker Systems, 1971 Neil Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Received 15 June 2000; accepted 16 June 2000 Abstract Objective. To review the literature that evaluates the in¯uence of trunk motion on trunk strength and structural loading. Background. In recent years, trunk dynamics have been identi®ed as potential risk factors for developing low-back disorders. Consequently, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in trunk motion is needed. Methods. This review summarizes the results of 53 studies that have evaluated trunk motion and its impact on several biome- chanical outcome measures. The biomechanical measures consisted of trunk strength, intra-abdominal pressure, muscle activity, imposed trunk moments, and spinal loads. Each of these biomechanical measures was discussed in relation to the existing knowledge within each plane of motion (extension, ¯exion, lateral ¯exion, twisting, and asymmetric extension). Results. Trunk strength was drastically reduced as dynamic motion increased, and males were impacted more than females. Intra- abdominal pressure seemed to only be aected by trunk dynamics at high levels of force. Trunk moments were found to increase monotonically with increased trunk motion. Both agonistic and antagonistic muscle activities were greater as dynamic character- istics increased. As a result, the three-dimensional spinal loads increase signi®cantly for dynamic exertions as compared to isometric conditions. Conclusions. Trunk motion has a dramatic aect on the muscle coactivity, which seems to be the underlying source for the decrease strength capability as well as the increased muscle force, IAP, and spinal loads.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Biomechanics Duane Knudson
    Fundamentals of Biomechanics Duane Knudson Fundamentals of Biomechanics Second Edition Duane Knudson Department of Kinesiology California State University at Chico First & Normal Street Chico, CA 95929-0330 USA [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2007925371 ISBN 978-0-387-49311-4 e-ISBN 978-0-387-49312-1 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 987654321 springer.com Contents Preface ix NINE FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS 29 Principles and Laws 29 Acknowledgments xi Nine Principles for Application of Biomechanics 30 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 35 PART I SUMMARY 36 INTRODUCTION REVIEW QUESTIONS 36 CHAPTER 1 KEY TERMS 37 INTRODUCTION TO BIOMECHANICS SUGGESTED READING 37 OF UMAN OVEMENT H M WEB LINKS 37 WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS?3 PART II WHY STUDY BIOMECHANICS?5 BIOLOGICAL/STRUCTURAL BASES
    [Show full text]
  • Exercise Exacerbates Decline in the Musculature of an Animal Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/360388; this version posted July 6, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Exercise exacerbates decline in the musculature of an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Hughes KJ*, Rodriguez A*, Schuler A, Rodemoyer B, Barickman L, Cuciarone K, Kullman A, Lim C, Gutta N, Vemuri S, Andriulis V, Niswonger D, Vidal-Gadea AG1 School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, [email protected] *these authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by loss of the protein dystrophin. In humans, DMD has early onset, causes developmental delays, muscle necrosis, loss of ambulation, and early death. Current animal models have been challenged by their inability to model the early onset and severity of the disease. Thus it remains unresolved if increased sarcoplasmic calcium observed in dystrophic muscles follows or leads the mechanical insults caused by the muscle’s disrupted contractile machinery. This knowledge has important applications for patients, as potential physiotherapeutic treatments may either help or exacerbate symptoms, depending on how dystrophic muscles differ from healthy ones. Recently we showed how burrowing dystrophic (dys-1) C. elegans recapitulate many salient phenotypes of DMD, including loss of mobility and muscle necrosis. Here we report dys-1 worms display early pathogenesis, including dysregulated sarcoplasmic calcium, and increased lethality. Sarcoplasmic calcium dysregulation in dys-1 worms precedes overt structural phenotypes (e.g. mitochondrial, and contractile machinery damage) and can be mitigated by silencing calmodulin expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Speed of Muscle Contraction on Strength Improvement
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1974 Effect of Speed of Muscle Contraction on Strength Improvement Terry Alan Dieckhoff Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Physical Education at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Dieckhoff, Terry Alan, "Effect of Speed of Muscle Contraction on Strength Improvement" (1974). Masters Theses. 3662. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3662 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because Date Author pdm EFFECT OF SPEED OFMUSCI.ECONTRACTION ON STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT (TITLE) BY Terry Alan Dieckhoff THESIS SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Masters ofScience IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE GRADUATE DEGREE CITED ABOVE �.lt7¥ .
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2012.04526V1 [Quant-Ph] 8 Dec 2020 It Is Necessary for the Hamiltonian to Be Invariant Under the Parity and T Ime Transformation Which Is Called PT - Symmetry
    Two dimensional non-Hermitian harmonic oscillator: coherent states Masoumeh Izadparast1, ∗ and S. Habib Mazharimousavi1, y 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey (Dated: December 9, 2020) In this study, we introduce a two dimensional complex harmonic oscillator potential with space and time reflection symmetries. The corresponding time independent Schr¨odingerequation yields real eigenvalues with complex eigenfunctions. We also construct the coherent state of the system by using a superposition of 12 eigenfunctions. Using the complex correspondence principle for the probability density we investigate the possible modifications in the probability densities due to the non-Hermitian aspect of the Hamiltonian. PACS numbers: I. INTRODUCTION ^ P^2 In quantum mechanics the Hamiltonian operator, H = 2m + V (^x) ; represents the energy of a quantum system. Imposing the energy of the physical system to be real, for a long time, made Hermiticity a necessary property for the Hamiltonian operator H^ . In 1998, Bender and Boettcher introduced the concept of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with parity and time symmetries which admits real energy spectra [1]. This achievement has brought a new domain of physical complex operators into the quantum mechanics which extends its boundaries both theoretically [2] and experimentally [3]. Non-Hermitian Hamiltonian: Fundamental cornerstones in quantum theory are build on i) the reality of the physical quantities such as energy, ii) the conservation of the probability density. The latter implies the unitary of time evolution of a quantum system. A quantum mechanical model is preserved as long as these principles are satisfied. Here in non-Hermitian version of quantum mechanics, the Hermiticity is replaced by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with the similar property i.e., pre- serving the reality of the physical quantities including the energy spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Elastic Tubing and Isotonic Resistance Exercises
    Training & Testing A Comparison of Elastic Tubing and Isotonic Resistance Exercises Authors J. C. Colado 1 , X. Garcia-Masso 1 , M. Pellicer 1 , Y. Alakhdar 2 , J. Benavent 1 , R. Cabeza-Ruiz 3 Affi liations A ffi liation addresses are listed at the end of the article Key words Abstract the evolution of the Maximum Isometric Volun- ● ▶ physical performance ▼ tary Contraction (MIVC) in 3 diff erent exercises: ● ▶ strength training The aim of this study was to assess eff ects of a Vertical Rowing (VR), Squat (S) and Back Exten- ▶ ● periodization short-term resistance program on strength in sion (BE). A mixed model MANOVA [group (CG, fi t young women using weight machines / free TBG, MFWG) x testing time (pre-test, post-test)] weights or elastic tubing. 42 physically fi t women was applied to determine the eff ect of the diff er- (21.79 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to the ent resistance training devices on strength. The following groups: (i) the Thera-Band ® Exercise only groups to improve their MIVC (p < 0.005) Station Group (TBG); (ii) the weight machines / were TBG and MFWG, respectively: VR 19.87 % free weights group (MFWG); or (iii) the control and 19.76 % ; S 14.07 and 28.88; BE 14.41 % and group (CG). Each experimental group performed 14.00 % . These results indicate that resistance the same periodised training program that lasted training using elastic tubing or weight machines / for 8 weeks, with 2 – 4 sessions per week and 3– 4 free weights have equivalent improvements in sets of 8 – 15 submaximal reps.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFECTS of REST INTERVAL LENGTH on SMITH MACHINE BENCH PRESS PERFORMANCE and PERCEIVED EXERTION in TRAINED MEN Ramires A
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Eastern Illinois University Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research and Creative Activity Kinesiology & Sports Studies December 2013 EFFECTS OF REST INTERVAL LENGTH ON SMITH MACHINE BENCH PRESS PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN TRAINED MEN Ramires A. Tibana Catholic University of Brasilia Denis C. Vieira Catholic University of Brasilia Vitor Tajra Catholic University of Brasilia Martim Bottaro University of Brasilia Belmiro F. de Salles Castelo Branco University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/kss_fac Part of the Kinesiology Commons Recommended Citation Tibana, Ramires A.; Vieira, Denis C.; Tajra, Vitor; Bottaro, Martim; de Salles, Belmiro F.; Willardson, Jeffrey; and Prestes, Jonato, "EFFECTS OF REST INTERVAL LENGTH ON SMITH MACHINE BENCH PRESS PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN TRAINED MEN" (2013). Faculty Research and Creative Activity. 30. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/kss_fac/30 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Kinesiology & Sports Studies at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research and Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Ramires A. Tibana, Denis C. Vieira, Vitor Tajra, Martim Bottaro, Belmiro F. de Salles, Jeffrey Willardson, and Jonato Prestes This article is available at The Keep: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/kss_fac/30 EFFECTS OF REST INTERVAL LENGTH ON SMITH MACHINE BENCH PRESS PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN TRAINED MEN RAMIRES A. TIBANA, DENIS C. L. VIEIRA, VITOR TAJRA, MARTIM BOTTARO, BELMIRO F.
    [Show full text]
  • Muscle Fatigue: General Understanding and Treatment
    OPEN Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2017) 49, e384; doi:10.1038/emm.2017.194 Official journal of the Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology www.nature.com/emm REVIEW Muscle fatigue: general understanding and treatment Jing-jing Wan2, Zhen Qin2, Peng-yuan Wang, Yang Sun and Xia Liu Muscle fatigue is a common complaint in clinical practice. In humans, muscle fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force. Here, to provide a general understanding and describe potential therapies for muscle fatigue, we summarize studies on muscle fatigue, including topics such as the sequence of events observed during force production, in vivo fatigue-site evaluation techniques, diagnostic markers and non-specific but effective treatments. Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2017) 49, e384; doi:10.1038/emm.2017.194; published online 6 October 2017 INTRODUCTION muscular and cardiovascular disorders, as well as aging and Fatigue is a common non-specific symptom experienced by frailty. This review primarily focuses on muscle fatigue, many people and is associated with many health conditions. particularly during intense exercise, to provide a basic under- Often defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness, lack of standing and potential therapies for muscle fatigue. energy and feeling of exhaustion, fatigue relates to a difficulty in performing voluntary tasks.1 Fatigue accumulation, if not FACTORS THAT AFFECT MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND resolved, leads to overwork, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), FATIGUE overtraining syndrome, and even endocrine disorders, immu- The production of skeletal muscle force depends on contractile nity dysfunction, organic diseases and a threat to human mechanisms, and failure at any of the sites upstream of the health.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of Isometric Exercises and Weight Training on the Development of Leg Strength and Jumping Ability in Secondary School Boys
    Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU All Master's Theses Master's Theses 1967 A Comparison of Isometric Exercises and Weight Training on the Development of Leg Strength and Jumping Ability in Secondary School Boys Larry Charles Pryse Central Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd Part of the Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, and the Health and Physical Education Commons Recommended Citation Pryse, Larry Charles, "A Comparison of Isometric Exercises and Weight Training on the Development of Leg Strength and Jumping Ability in Secondary School Boys" (1967). All Master's Theses. 753. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/753 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARISON OF ISOMETRIC EXERCISES AND WEIGHT TRAINING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEG STRENGTH AND JUMPING ABILITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL BOYS A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Faculty Central Washington State College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Education by Larry Charles Pryse August 1967 Ci' 111117 HN:I I·~:;·_ , ::n ~J '%? L bd £'IL.lg ar:r APPROVED FOR THE GRADUATE FACULTY ________________________________ Everett A. Irish, COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN _________________________________ Linwood E. Reynolds _________________________________ Kenneth R. Berry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special recognition is due to Dr. Everett Irish for his assistance thoughout the study and Mr. Linwood Reynolds and Dr. Ken Berry for serving on the thesis committee.
    [Show full text]