Andrew Fielding Huxley (1917–2012)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Yasha Gall, Julian Sorell Huxley, 1887-1975
Julian Sorell Huxley, 1887-1975 Yasha Gall Published by Nauka, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2004 Reproduced as an e-book with kind permission of Nauka Science editor: Academician AL Takhtajan Preface by the Science Editor The 20th century was the epoch of discovery in evolutionary biology, marked by many fundamental investigations. Of special significance were the works of AN Severtsov, SS Chetverikov, S Wright, JBS Haldane, G De Beer JS Huxley and R Goldschmidt. Among the general works on evolutionary theory, the one of greatest breadth was Julian Huxley’s book Evolution: The Modern Synthesis (1942). Huxley was one of the first to analyze the mechanisms of macro-evolutionary processes and discuss the evolutionary role of neoteny in terms of developmental genetics (the speed of gene action). Neoteny—the most important mechanism of heritable variation of ontogenesis—has great macro-evolutionary consequences. A Russian translation of Huxley’s book on evolution was prepared for publication by Professor VV Alpatov. The manuscript of the translation had already been sent to production when the August session of the VASKNIL in 1948 burst forth—a destructive moment in the history of biology in our country. The publication was halted, and the manuscript disappeared. I remember well a meeting with Huxley in 1945 in Moscow and Leningrad during the celebratory jubilee at the Academy of Sciences. He was deeply disturbed by the “blossoming” of Lysenkoist obscurantism in biology. It is also important to note that in the 1950s Huxley developed original concepts for controlling the birth rate of the Earth’s population. He openly declared the necessity of forming an international institute at the United Nations, since the global ecosystem already could not sustain the pressure of human “activity” and, together with humanity, might itself die. -
BMC Systems Biology Biomed Central
BMC Systems Biology BioMed Central Commentary Open Access The long journey to a Systems Biology of neuronal function Nicolas Le Novère* Address: EMBL-EBI, Wellcome-Trust Genome Campus, CB10 1SD Hinxton, UK Email: Nicolas Le Novère* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 13 June 2007 Received: 13 April 2007 Accepted: 13 June 2007 BMC Systems Biology 2007, 1:28 doi:10.1186/1752-0509-1-28 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1752-0509/1/28 © 2007 Le Novère; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Computational neurobiology was born over half a century ago, and has since been consistently at the forefront of modelling in biology. The recent progress of computing power and distributed computing allows the building of models spanning several scales, from the synapse to the brain. Initially focused on electrical processes, the simulation of neuronal function now encompasses signalling pathways and ion diffusion. The flow of quantitative data generated by the "omics" approaches, alongside the progress of live imaging, allows the development of models that will also include gene regulatory networks, protein movements and cellular remodelling. A systems biology of brain functions and disorders can now be envisioned. As it did for the last half century, neuroscience can drive forward the field of systems biology. 1 Modelling nervous function, an ancient quest To accurately model neuronal function presents many Neurosciences have a long and successful tradition of challenges, and stretches the techniques and resources of quantitative modelling, where theory and experiment computational biology to their limits. -
Microanatomy of Muscles
Microanatomy of Muscles Anatomy & Physiology Class Three Main Muscle Types Objectives: By the end of this presentation you will have the information to: 1. Describe the 3 main types of muscles. 2. Detail the functions of the muscle system. 3. Correctly label the parts of a myocyte (muscle cell) 4. Identify the levels of organization in a skeletal muscle from organ to myosin. 5. Explain how a muscle contracts utilizing the correct terminology of the sliding filament theory. 6. Contrast and compare cardiac and smooth muscle with skeletal muscle. Major Functions: Muscle System 1. Moving the skeletal system and posture. 2. Passing food through the digestive system & constriction of other internal organs. 3. Production of body heat. 4. Pumping the blood throughout the body. 5. Communication - writing and verbal Specialized Cells (Myocytes) ~ Contractile Cells Can shorten along one or more planes because of specialized cell membrane (sarcolemma) and specialized cytoskeleton. Specialized Structures found in Myocytes Sarcolemma: The cell membrane of a muscle cell Transverse tubule: a tubular invagination of the sarcolemma of skeletal or cardiac muscle fibers that surrounds myofibrils; involved in transmitting the action potential from the sarcolemma to the interior of the myofibril. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: The special type of smooth endoplasmic Myofibrils: reticulum found in smooth and a contractile fibril of skeletal muscle, composed striated muscle fibers whose function mainly of actin and myosin is to store and release calcium ions. Multiple Nuclei (skeletal) & many mitochondria Skeletal Muscle - Microscopic Anatomy A whole skeletal muscle (such as the biceps brachii) is considered an organ of the muscular system. Each organ consists of skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood or vascular tissue. -
The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
Richard Llewelyn-Davies and the Architect's Dilemma."
The Richard Llewciy11-Davies Memorial Lectures in ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY March 3, 1985-at the Institute for Advanced Study The J/ictoria11 City: Images and Realities Asa Briggs Provost of Worcester College University of Oxford November 17, 1986--at the University of London The Nuffield Planning Inquiry Brian Flo\vers Vice-Chancellor University of London October 27, 1987-at the Institute for Advanced Study Richard Llewcly11-Davics and the Architect's Dilemma N ocl Annan Vice-Chancellor Erncritus University of London PREFACE The Richard Llewelyn-Davies Memorial Lectures in "Environ ment and Society" were established to honor the memory of an architect distinguished in the fields of contemporary architectural, urban and environmental planning. Born in Wales in 1912, Richard Llewelyn-Davies was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, !'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris and the Architectural Association in London. In 1960 he began a fif teen-year association with University College of the University of London as Professor of Architecture, Professor of Town Planning, Head of the Bartlett School of Architecture and Dean of the School of Environmental Studies. He became, in 1967, the initial chair man of Britain's Centre for Environmental Studies, one of the world's leading research organizations on urbanism, and held that post for the rest of his life. He combined his academic career with professional practice in England, the Middle East, Africa, Paki stan, North and South America. In the fall of 1980, the year before he died, Richard Llewelyn Davies came to the Institute for Advanced Study. He influenced us in many ways, from a reorientation of the seating arrangement in the seminar room improving discussion and exchange, to the per manent implantation of an environmental sensibility. -
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin By Cambridge News | Posted: January 18, 2016 By Adam Care The News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, celebrating over 100 years of scientific and social innovation. ADVERTISING In this installment we move from 1951 to 1974, a period which saw a host of dramatic breakthroughs, in biology, atomic science, the discovery of pulsars and theories of global trade. It's also a period which saw The Eagle pub come to national prominence and the appearance of the first female name in Cambridge University's long Nobel history. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1. 1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei 2. 1951 John Cockcroft, St John's / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei Walton and Cockcroft shared the 1951 physics prize after they famously 'split the atom' in Cambridge 1932, ushering in the nuclear age with their particle accelerator, the Cockcroft-Walton generator. In later years Walton returned to his native Ireland, as a fellow of Trinity College Dublin, while in 1951 Cockcroft became the first master of Churchill College, where he died 16 years later. 3. 1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography 4. -
Brave New World & Brave New World Revisited Ebook
BRAVE NEW WORLD & BRAVE NEW WORLD REVISITED PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Aldous Huxley | 340 pages | 01 Jun 2004 | HarperCollins Publishers Inc | 9780060535261 | English | New York, NY, United States Brave New World & Brave New World Revisited PDF Book I Brave New World A difficult book to rate. It will spread, not through government policy but through the choices of individual parents, likely accelerating as the technology becomes cheaper and more efficient. Brave New World A difficult book to rate. He spent the latter part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from until his death in Toward the end of the story, can the reader maintain that safe distance? His letter to Orwell after the younger man sent him a copy of seems touchy The non-fiction work Brave New World Revisited , published in , is a fascinating work in which Huxley uses his tremendous knowledge of human relations to compare the modern-day world with his prophetic fantasy envisioned in Brave New World , including the threats to humanity, such as over-population, propaganda, and chemical persuasion. That's the tragedy of Brave New World Amazing thing being, Huxley extrapolated the contents of this entire book just from a single TV interview which he gave being disillusioned about how his fantasy can easily get real soon. He is unusually short for an Alpha; an alleged accident with alcohol in Bernard's blood- surrogate before his decanting has left him slightly stunted. My own belief is that the ruling oligarchy will find less arduous and wasteful ways of governing and of satisfying its lust for power, and these ways will resemble those which I described in Brave New World'. -
Journal Deselection List-A 1 A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology 1955-1960 A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology 1951-1955
Journal Deselection List-A 1 A.M.A. archives of dermatology 1955-1960 A.M.A. archives of dermatology and syphilology 1951-1955 A.M.A. archives of general psychiatry 1959-1960 A.M.A. archives of industrial health 1955-1960 A.M.A. archives of industrial hygiene and occupational medicine 1951-1954 A.M.A. archives of internal medicine 1951-1960 A.M.A. archives of neurology 1959-1960 A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry 1950-1959 A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology 1951-1960 A.M.A. archives of otolaryngology 1951-1960 A.M.A. archives of pathology 1951-1960 A.M.A. archives of surgery 1951-1960 A.M.A. journal of diseases of children 1956-1960 AACN advanced critical care 2006 AACN clinical issues 1995-2006 AACN clinical issues in critical care nursing 1990-1994 AANA journal 1974-2006 Abdmonial imaging 1993-1996 Abdmonial surgery 1970-1984 Abstracts of health care management studies 1978-79, 1982-87 Abstracts of hospital management studies 1965-1978 Abstracts of the annual meeting of the American 1972-75, 1978- society for microbiology 1990 Abstracts of the general meeting of the American society for microbiology 1991-1996 Abstracts on hygiene 1968-1980 Accomplishments in oncology 1986-1988 Acta allergologica 1948-1977 Acta allergologica. Supplementum 1971-1977 Acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica. Supplementum 1959-2003 Acta anatomica 1945-1998 Acta anatomica. Supplementum 1944-0980 1954-1973, 1975- Acta biochimica polonica 1999 Acta cardiologica 1946-2002 1946-1961, 1969- Acta cardiologica. Supplement 1991 1950-1960, 1966, Acta dermato-venereologica 1970-97 Journal Deselection List-A 2 1941,48,1951- 59,1966,1970- Acta dermato-venereologica. -
Brave New World: the Correlation of Social Order and the Process Of
Brave New World: The Correlation of Social Order and the Process of Literary Translation by Maria Reinhard A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in German Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008 ! Maria Reinhard 2008 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This comparative analysis of four different German-language versions of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932) shows the correlation between political and socio- cultural circumstances, as well as ideological differences, and translations of the novel. The first German translation was created by Herberth E. Herlitschka in 1932, entitled Welt – Wohin? Two further versions of it were released in 1950 and 1981. In 1978, the East German publisher Das Neue Berlin published a new translation created by Eva Walch, entitled Schöne neue Welt. My thesis focuses on the first translations by both Herlitschka and Walch, but takes into account the others as well. The methodological basis is Heidemarie Salevsky’s tripartite model. With its focus on author and work, commissioning institution and translator, it was developed as a tool to determine the factors influencing the process of literary translation. Within this framework, the translations are contextualized within the cultural and political circumstances of the Weimar and German Democratic Republics, including an historical overview of the two main publishers, Insel and Das Neue Berlin. -
Masterarbeit / Master's Thesis
MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis Out in Africa: The Ambivalent Relationship between the Colonizer and the Colonized in the Selected Works by the White Settler Authors Karen Blixen and Elspeth Huxley verfasst von / submitted by Amel Zairi angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2016/ Vienna 2016 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 844 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Anglophone Literatures and Cultures degree programme as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Igor Maver Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Univ.-Prof. Dr. Igor Maver for his constructive feedback, guidance, patience and support. Thank you for keeping the door open, whenever I needed to consult you! I wish also to express my warm thanks to my friends and cousins for their affectionate care, for their constant encouragement, and for easing my worries throughout the writing process, as they have always done in all the difficult times I went through in my studies. All love goes to my family, especially my parents to whom I am very grateful for without them this thesis would not have been possible. Ma and Pa, I am very proud to have you in my life! DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY I confirm to have conceived and written this Diploma Thesis in English all by myself. Quotations from other authors are all clearly marked and acknowledged in the bibliographical references, either in the footnotes or within the text. -
The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube,” Science in Context 28: 31-52
Garson, J. (2015) “The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube,” Science in Context 28: 31-52. Preprint (not copyedited or formatted) Please use DOI when citing or quoting: https://doi- org.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/10.1017/S0269889714000313 The Birth of Information in the Brain: Edgar Adrian and the Vacuum Tube Word Count: 10, 418 Abstract: As historian Henning Schmidgen notes, the scientific study of the nervous system would have been ‘unthinkable’ without the industrialization of communication in the 1830s. Historians have investigated extensively the way nerve physiologists have borrowed concepts and tools from the field of communications, particularly regarding the nineteenth-century work of figures like Helmholtz and in the American Cold War Era. The following focuses specifically on the interwar research of the Cambridge physiologist Edgar Douglas Adrian, and on the technology that led to his Nobel-Prize- winning research, the thermionic vacuum tube. Many countries used the vacuum tube during the war for the purpose of amplifying and intercepting coded messages. These events provided a context for Adrian’s evolving understanding of the nerve fiber in the 1920s. In particular, they provide the background for Adrian’s transition around 1926 to describing the nerve impulse in terms of “information,” “messages,” “signals,” or even “codes,” and for translating the basic principles of the nerve, such as the all-or-none principle and adaptation, into such an “informational” context. The following also places Adrian’s research in the broader context of the changing relationship between science and technology, and between physics and physiology, in the first few decades of the twentieth century. -
Muscle Physiology Dr
Muscle Physiology Dr. Ebneshahidi Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal Muscle Figure 9.2 (a) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functions of the muscular system . 1. Locomotion . 2. Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation- constriction and dilation of blood vessel Walls are the results of smooth muscle contraction. 3. Peristalsis – wavelike motion along the digestive tract is produced by the Smooth muscle. 4. Cardiac motion . 5. Posture maintenance- contraction of skeletal muscles maintains body posture and muscle tone. 6. Heat generation – about 75% of ATP energy used in muscle contraction is released as heat. Copyright. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings . Striation: only present in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Absent in smooth muscle. Nucleus: smooth and cardiac muscles are uninculcated (one nucleus per cell), skeletal muscle is multinucleated (several nuclei per cell ). Transverse tubule ( T tubule ): well developed in skeletal and cardiac muscles to transport calcium. Absent in smooth muscle. Intercalated disk: specialized intercellular junction that only occurs in cardiac muscle. Control: skeletal muscle is always under voluntary control‚ with some exceptions ( the tongue and pili arrector muscles in the dermis). smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Innervation: motor unit . a) a motor nerve and a myofibril from a neuromuscular junction where gap (called synapse) occurs between the two structures. at the end of motor nerve‚ neurotransmitter (i.e. acetylcholine) is stored in synaptic vesicles which will release the neurotransmitter using exocytosis upon the stimulation of a nerve impulse. Across the synapse the surface the of myofibril contains receptors that can bind with the neurotransmitter.