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Romanians of the French Resistance
French History, Vol. 28, No. 4 (2014) doi:10.1093/fh/cru080 Advance Access publication 10 October 2014 ROMANIANS OF THE FRENCH RESISTANCE GAVIn BOWD* Downloaded from Robert Guédiguian’s film L’Armée du crime and Didier Daeninckx’s novel Missak have been recent reminders of the role of immigrants in the French Resistance. The fate of the ‘Groupe Manouchian’, twenty-two men and one woman executed in early 1944 (they were used in the Nazi propaganda campaign L’Affiche rouge), still resonates and provokes controversy, raising the issue of the silence which http://fh.oxfordjournals.org/ has often surrounded the place of foreigners in la France résistante. What is more, it raises the wider issues of the fate of many of the surviving résistants in post-war communist Eastern Europe and the potential conflicts between inter- nationalism, nationalism and ethnicity. This article seeks to address such issues by examining the largely overlooked involvement of Romanians in the French Resistance, and the significant role they played—well beyond their numerical strength—in both the struggle against the German Occupier and in the post- at University of North Dakota on June 5, 2015 war communist regime. If this could be seen as yet another example of l’amitié franco-roumaine—those strong political and cultural bonds that made of Bucharest a ‘petit Paris’ and of the French capital a place of pilgrimage and ref- uge—it also reveals a complex and sometimes tragic entanglement. An event such as l’Affaire Manouchian is rightly cited as an example of the ‘Vichy Syndrome’ described by Henry Rousso, where a nation’s reassur- ing self-image is shattered by the unbearable reminder of ‘la guerre franco- française’.1 But this resurgence of a past that ‘will not pass’ goes beyond the strictly national frame. -
The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communism
RESEARCH REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE TRAGICOMEDY OF ROMANIAN COMMUNIS M AUTHOR : Vladimir Tismanean u CONTRACTOR : Foreign Policy Researc h Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 903-0 4 DATE : September, 198 9 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided b y the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . Th e analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those o f the author . a NOTE This report, based on an article to be published i n Eastern EuropeanPolitics andSocieties, is an inciden- tal product of the Council Contract identified on the title page . It is not the Final Report, which wa s distributed in August, 1989 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Stalin's Romanian Disciples 1 1 The Comintern and the RCP 1 6 Stalinism for All Seasons 3 4 The Anti-De-Stalinization Platform 3 9 The Road to Absolute Power 43 The Manipulated Manipulator 47 Assault on the Party Apparatus 5 2 Notes 57 The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communis m Vladimir Tismanean u Un monde sans tyrans serait aussi ennuyeux qu'un jardi n zoologique sans hyenes . E . M . Cioran, Histoire et utopi e Now, despite eternal cabals in the inner clique and unendin g shifts of personnel, with their tremendous accumulation o f hatred, bitterness, and personal resentment, the Leader' s position can remain secure against chaotic palace revolution s not because of his superior gifts, about which the men in hi s intimate surroundings frequently have no great illusions, bu t because of these men's sincere and sensible conviction tha t without him everything would be immediately lost . -
The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist
00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page i Ana Pauker 00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page ii 00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page iii Ana Pauker The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist Robert Levy UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley . Los Angeles . London 00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page iv Frontispiece: Ana Pauker, 1926. Courtesy of Tatiana Bra˘tescu and Gheorghe Bra˘tescu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2001 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Levy, Robert, 1957–. Ana Pauker: the rise and fall of a Jewish Communist / Robert Levy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-520-22395-0 (cloth: alk. paper). 1. Pauker, Ana, 1893–1960. 2. Romania— Politics and government—1944–1989. 3. Cabinet officers—Romania—Biography. 4. Communists—Romania—Biography. 5. Jews—Romania—Biography. I. Title. dr267.5.p38 l48 2001 949.803Ј1Ј092—dc21 [b] 99-087890 cip Manufactured in the United States of America 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 10987654321 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). ᭺ϱ 00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page v To Mary and Isaac Rosenberg 00-C1478-FM 11/22/00 12:42 PM Page vi Last, but most certainly not least, there was Ana Pauker.... I have always felt when I was with her that she was like a boa constrictor which has just been fed, and therefore is not going to eat you—at the moment! Heavy and sluggish as she seemed, she had all that is repellent and yet horribly fascinating in a snake. -
Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and Romanian
Published In: „The Crisis of the ‘50s- Political and Military Aspects”- Proceedings of the Romania-Israeli seminar, IDF- Department of History, Tel Aviv, February 2007, pp. 6-21 The Impact of Hungarian Revolution of 1956 on Romanian Political “Establishment” CARMEN RIJNOVEANU Scientific researcher, Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military History From the beginning it should be said that in 1956 Romanian communist leadership faced with key-major challenges whose consequences reshaped the whole policy promoted by Romania at internal as well as international level. Romanian leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej correctly understood that both the destalinization process initiated by the new Soviet leader N. Khrushchev and the impact of Hungarian anti-communist movement could turn into an open threat against his own political power. This insecurity was basically the engine driving his strategy towards both issues and motivating further on the rethinking of his policy at international level, with a special focus on the relation with USSR. The paper will start with an overview on the main characteristics of the Romania’s political situation in the context of 1956 Hungarian crisis as a general background for understanding the further actions taken by the Romanian leadership in relation to this event. It will then look at Bucharest’s general approach towards the political developments from the neighbor country with a special focus on the way in which Communist Romania has been involved and the 1 major actions undertaken in this regard. At the end, I intend to draw up a general perspective on the main consequences/implications these events had upon the future evolution of Romania’s position within Warsaw Pact and in relation to the Soviet Union. -
Granville Outcover.Indd
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Johanna Granville Number 1905 “If Hope Is Sin, Then We Are All Guilty”: Romanian Students’ Reactions to the Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Intervention, 1956–1958 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1905 Johanna Granville “If Hope Is Sin, Then We Are All Guilty”: Romanian Students’ Reactions to the Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Intervention, 1956–1958 Dr. Johanna Granville is a visiting professor of history at Novosibirsk State University in Russia, where she is also conducting multi-archival research for a second monograph on dissent throughout the communist bloc in the 1950s. She is the author of The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956 (2004) and was recently a Campbell Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA. No. 1905, April 2008 © 2008 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0889-275X Image from cover: Map of Romania, from CIA World Factbook 2002, public domain. The Carl Beck Papers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Eileen O’Malley Editorial Assistant: Vera Dorosh Sebulsky Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and between 40 and 90 pages in length. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editor, The Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 4400 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Abstract The events of 1956 (the Twentieth CPSU Congress, Khrushchev’s Secret Speech, and the Hungarian revolution) had a strong impact on the evolution of the Romanian communist regime, paving the way for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Roma- nia in 1958, the stricter policy toward the Transylvanian Hungarians, and Romania’s greater independence from the USSR in the 1960s. -
Institutul De Studii Istorice Si Social
NR. INVENTAR: 3229 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE SERVICIUL ARHIVE NAŢIONALE ISTORICE CENTRALE BIROUL ARHIVE CONTEMPORANE FOND INSTITUTUL DE STUDII ISTORICE ŞI SOCIAL-POLITICE FOTOTECA – Portrete INVENTAR 3414 u.a. Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei PREFAŢĂ 1. Istoricul creatorului fondului - Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social-Politice (I.S.I.S.P.) a devenit funcţional la 26 martie 1951, sub denumirea de Institut de Istorie a Partidului, având ca principal scop cercetarea şi (re)scrierea istoriei mişcării muncitoreşti, socialiste (social-democrate) şi comuniste din România şi din lume în conformitate cu propaganda oficială şi linia politico-ideologică a P.M.R./P.C.R. Relaţia Institutului cu Partidul Comunist este demonstrată prin directa tutelare a acestuia de către Comitetul Central al Partidului. Problema înfiinţării unui asemenea institut s-a discutat încă din anul 1950, când prin Hotărârea Biroului Politic al C.C. al P.M.R. nr.2/1950 s-a decis organizarea Institutului de Istorie a Partidului, însă noua instituţie şi-a început oficial activitatea un an mai târziu, la data de 8 mai 1951. Comitetul Politic Executiv al P.C.R. a hotărât la 22 martie 1966 transformarea Institutului de Istorie a Partidului în Institutul de Studii Istorice şi Social- Politice de pe lângă C.C. al P.C.R. Institutul era condus de un consiliu ştiinţific din care iniţial făceau parte şi unii dintre principalii lideri comunişti români: Gheorghe Gheorghiu- Dej, Ana Pauker, Vasile Luca, Teohari Georgescu, Lothar Rădăceanu, Iosif Chişinevschi, Alexandru Moghioroş, Gheorghe Apostol, Constantin Pârvulescu, Ion Niculi, Leonte Răutu, Mihail Roller, Gheorghe Stoica, Sorin Toma, A. -
Proletariatul La Putere: Impactul Revoluţiei Din Octombrie Asupra Socialismului Românesc Drăghia, Dan
www.ssoar.info Proletariatul la putere: impactul Revoluţiei din Octombrie asupra socialismului românesc Drăghia, Dan Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Drăghia, D. (2012). Proletariatul la putere: impactul Revoluţiei din Octombrie asupra socialismului românesc. Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 12(3), 413-434. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-448818 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Proletariatul la putere Impactul Revoluţiei din Octombrie asupra socialismului românesc DAN DRĂGHIA „Slavă şi mărire vouă, muncitori ruşi! Alduit fie numele vostru, tovarăşi ruşi, care prin hotărârea voastră eroică, prin sângele vostru vărsat în luptele cu duşmanii poporului, ne-aţi întărit credinţa în puterea socialismului şi aţi arătat lumii calea cea dreaptă ce duce la pace şi la înfrăţirea popoarelor"1. Fragmentul de mai sus este extras din prima ediţie apărută după evenimentele din noiembrie 1917 de la Petrograd a ziarului Adevărul, tribuna oficială de presă a Partidului Social-Democrat din Ardeal şi Banat, secţia românească. Textul reprezintă ilustrarea argumentului pe care îl vom urma în acest articol2, care îşi propune să înfăţişeze impactul pe care Revoluţia din Octombrie l-a avut în mediile socialist- muncitoreşti într-o manieră care să depăşească atât istoriografia de propagandă din timpul regimului comunist, cât şi contra-ponderea sa anti-comunistă. -
Arhive Personale Şi Familiale
Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. 1 Repertoriu arhivistic 2 ISBN 973-8308-04-6 3 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. I Repertoriu arhivistic Autor: Filofteia Rînziş Bucureşti 2001 4 • Redactor: Ioana Alexandra Negreanu • Au colaborat: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici, Anuţa Bichir • Indici de arhive, antroponimic, toponimic: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici • Traducere: Margareta Mihaela Chiva • Culegere computerizată: Filofteia Rînziş • Tehnoredactare şi corectură: Nicoleta Borcea, Otilia Biton • Coperta: Filofteia Rînziş • Coperta 1: Alexandru Marghiloman, Alexandra Ghica Ion C. Brătianu, Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino • Coperta 4: Constantin Argetoianu, Nicolae Iorga Sinaia, iulie 1931 Cartea a apărut cu sprijinul Ministerului Culturii şi Cultelor 5 CUPRINS Introducere……………………………….7 Résumé …………………………………..24 Lista abrevierilor ……………………….29 Arhive personale şi familiale……………30 Bibliografie…………………………….298 Indice de arhive………………………...304 Indice antroponimic……………………313 Indice toponimic……………………….356 6 INTRODUCERE „…avem marea datorie să dăm şi noi arhivelor noastre întreaga atenţie ce o merită, să adunăm şi să organizăm pentru posteritate toate categoriile de material arhivistic, care pot să lămurească generaţiilor viitoare viaţa actuală a poporului român în toată deplinătatea lui.” Constantin Moisil Prospectarea trecutului istoric al poporului român este o condiţie esenţială pentru siguranţa viitorului politic, economic şi cultural al acestuia. Evoluţia unei societăţi, familii sau persoane va putea fi conturată -
The Tale of the Grand National Deception by Vladimir Tismăneanu December 2010
december 2010 How was CeauȘesCu Possible? The Tale of The Grand naTional decepTion by Vladimir Tismăneanu december 2010 As member of the Political Bureau and i saw andrei ujică’s film, The auTobiography of nicolae secretary of the CC of the RWP, Nicolae Ceaușescu had been an obedient instrument of Dej’s commands. He had fully participated ceaușescu. Three hours during which i saT wiTh eyes in constructing Dej’s cult, he too had fawned upon Lica Gheorghiu as an expert leading lady riVeTed on The screen. Three hours reVisiTing a pasT in, to use writer Mihnea Gheorghiu’s expres- sion, “inner-oriented acting”. In the ’70s, Lica repleTe wiTh memories, anxiousness, hope, from suffered from obesity, she was depressed and for all intents and purposes no longer left her house. Ghiţă was married to Alina Popescu, Those scenes of march 1965, grim like The reign of The quadrathlon champion, the daughter of a soccer celebrity, who eventually became the man who had died wiThouT haVing reached 64 years, president of the Romanian Soccer Federa- tion. After the game with Switzerland, which The firsT secreTary of The cc (comiTeTului cenTral, was, I believe, in 1967, when Romania suf- fered a humiliating loss (7-0), Alina’s father was relieved of his function. Subsequently, I cenTral commiTTee) of The RWP (romanian workers’ learned that Ghiţă and Alina had separated. If my memory does not deceive me, Alina’s parTy, parTidul munciToresc român), The presidenT sister, Simona, was married to another soccer star, Alexandru (Sandu) Boc. In the meantime, of The StaTe council, gheorghe gheorghiu-dej, and up Ghiţă, and Nicu, as well as their good friend Zazone (Radu Ioanid, television camera man for years) have all passed away. -
Anuarul Yearbook
ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ ANUARUL INSTITUTULUI DE CERCETĂRI SOCIO-UMANE „C.S. NICOLĂESCU-PLOPŞOR” “C.S. NICOLĂESCU-PLOPŞOR” INSTITUTE FOR STUDIES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES YEARBOOK XVI/2015 FOUNDING EDITOR EDITORIAL BOARD Vladimir OSIAC (University of Craiova) Acad. Dan Berindei (Romanian Academy) Acad. Dinu C. GIURESCU (Romanian Academy) EDITOR IN CHEF Acad. Ştefan ŞTEFĂNESCU (Romanian Academy) Cezar Gabriel AVRAM Acad. Alexandru VULPE (Romanian Academy) (C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor Institute for Research in M.C. Ion DOGARU (University of Craiova) Social Studies and Humanities, Craiova) Dan Claudiu DĂNIŞOR (University of Craiova) Ioan BOLOVAN (Center for Transylvanian Studies, ASSISTANT EDITOR Cluj-Napoca) Mihaela BĂRBIERU Ion MILITARU (C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor Institute for (C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor Institute for Research in Research in Social Studies and Humanities, Craiova) Social Studies and Humanities, Craiova) Mirela-Luminiţa MURGESCU (University of Bucharest) Toader NICOARĂ (Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca) INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Nicolae PANEA (University of Craiova) Eric ANCEAU (Universite Paris IV Sorbonne la Laura JIGA-ILIESCU (Constantin Brăiloiu Institute of Nouvelle) Ethnography and Folklore, Bucharest) Georges BERTIN (Université d’Angers) Andi Emanuel MIHALACHE (A. D. Xenopol Institute Valeria CHIORE (Università Federico II, Napoli ) of History, Iaşi) William CLOWNEY (IOCC) Ionuţ ŞERBAN (University of Craiova) Claude-Gilbert DUBOIS (Université Michel de Iustina BURCI (C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor Institute for Montaigne, Bordeaux ) Research in Social Studies and Humanities, Craiova) Jean-Noel GRANDHOMME (Université Marc Bloch, Ileana CIOAREC (C.S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor Institute for Strasbourg) Research in Social Studies and Humanities, Craiova) Encarnación JUÁREZ-ALMENDROS (Indiana) Diana Domnica DĂNIŞOR (University of Craiova) Peter C. JUPP (University of Bath, Bath) Simona LAZĂR (C.S. -
SAVANŢI, SCRIITORI, ZIARIŞTI, ARTIŞTI [Sinteză Livia Dandara]
VICTIMELE GENOCIDULUI: CULTURĂ : SAVANŢI, SCRIITORI, ZIARIŞTI, ARTIŞTI [sinteză Livia Dandara] CRONOLOGIE- LEGISLAŢIE - REPRESIUNE 1944 GUVERN Sănătescu ( I ) . 23 aug.-4 nov.'44. /24-30 aug.'44: erupţia presei de toate culorile . - "Libertatea" -oficios PSD - I.Pas (scriitor şi ziarist ), N.Deleanu ( activist socialist în sind. tipografilor , scoate şi ziarul "Ultima oră " ) -"România linberă "( organ ilegal al "Uniunii Patrioţilor" ,din '43 ,sub inflenţa PCR )-redactor responsabil- Grigore Preoteasa. - "Dreptatea" -oficios PNŢ - I.Liveanu -"Universul" -cotidian independent ; dir.Stelian Popescu , codirector , Ion Lugoşianu / 31 aug.-8 sept'44: lupta pentru organele de presă şi propagandă. / Corneliu Mănescu cerea înlocuirea crainicilor de la radio :<Să nu ni se spună că lipsesc oamenii de meserie. Preferăm vorbitori mai nepregătiţi decît oameni compromişi până în măduva oaselor ,de pasiunea cu care se "produceau" pe vremurile când Stalin , conducătorul iubit de 200 milioane oameni era "măcelarul din Piaţa Roşie " , iar Roosevelt "paraliticul de la gura sobei" >( România Liberă, 31 aug.44 ) / 9 sept.'44 :Desfiinţarea Ministerului Presei şi Propagandei Salutând măsura ( având în vedere ce va urma ) Ion Lugoşianu scria că un atare minister era <un instrument tipic al unui regim totalitar în care minciunile repetate mere devin adevăruri > , <afirmaţiile gratuite devin realităţi> , iar <oamenii mici devin oameni mari>, fiind un instrument de formare a <opiniilor dirijate> , rolul său fiind de <a inunda străinătatea cu ştiri false "> şi <articole ditirambice la adresa puternicilor zilei > ( Universul, 9 sept.'44 ) După 1948, funcţiile Ministerului au fost îndeplinite de Secţia de propgandă a CC al PCR / 14 sept.'44: demascări pentru epurarea presei George Macovescu pledează pentru epurarea aparatului de stat , a instituţiilor de învăţământ şi cultură, a presei , considerându-i "duşmani ai poporului"pe cei ce le-au servit. -
Thus, a Follow up to Haynes Collection in Highly Desirable
the agreement, at least for now. But this is not the end of the story; thus, a follow up to Haynes collection in highly desirable. It might include what is missing from this collection - a chapter that specifically focuses on the contemporary and future relationship between Moldova and Romania, and the ethnic, cultural, and linguistic issues that continue to fuel the subdued call for re-unification on both sides of the Prut River. Of special note is Dennis Deletant's authoritative and concise contribution on the Holocaust in Transnistria. It should be required reading in Moldova and Romania where the tendencies to deny Romanian culpability in the Holocaust have not abated and the sentiment to honor the country's World War II-era leader, General Ion An- tonescu, continues to resonate. I recommend this book as a primer on the region for graduate students, faculty, politicians, diplomats, and business people whose work will be affected by the major problems that will continue to plague the region for the foreseeable future. - Peter Gross University of Oklahoma Robert Levy. Ana Pauker: The Rise and Fall of a Jewish Communist. Berkeley: Uni- versity of California Press, 2001. xii, 406 pp. $35.00. Robert Levy's treatment of Ana Pauker is the product of years of work, based on a careful and exhaustive study of archival materials and interviews. It painstakingly at- tempts to ensure the authenticity of the facts surrounding the rather complex personal- ity of Romania's legendary "Iron Lady," Ana Pauker, who occupied the central posi- tion in the power structure of Romania in the years immediately following the end of the Second World War.