OPEN

WATER Flin Flon

Gibbons Morinville St. Paul N Spruce GroveSt. Albert o Fort Saskatchewan r Stony Plain t h Sherwood Park S EDMONTON a s an R k a t c h e w i v Drayton Valley e r Vegreville Devon Beaumont d r The Pas o Leduc r N R i v e n a Vermilion a n e w w c h e t Tobin h a c Lloydminster k Lake t Camrose s

a a

k Wetaskiwin S R s v e r Cedar a i

O S R Prince r e Nipawin e Ponoka i è

C r R i v Lake

è Albert K i e

wan R v Wainwright

e iver i l Y h t d

c Rocky R t r Red Deer is an innovative t OPEN Water o r Mountain a Blackfalds Lacombe a e Lake k N iv s House Sylvan Lake B R a n North Battl a an L S eford w a Lake / Lac Battleford e North Red Deer w h Tisdale k M e Melfort i v e r Stettler c r R e h t D e e d / c a e O t R L a k U R s a r Innisfail k e i s a c Winnipeg N v v S Swan Re i i è a W T d R r S h Lake e t i

r Olds u n R B A D e e Sundre A iv

o n i erens o L S è B

I B i r e Martensville p

w N E Warman Three Hills e B

R e er g r v educational project that uses R S Didsbury T e Ri SASKATOON n

Carstairs A o s i

v s / Humboldt

e i Crossfield r s Hanna A Swan River

Banff s Airdrie Drumheller Big s Canmore i Quill n Cochrane i Lake b o i n R i CALGARY R e vièr M i e Bl v Kindersley R i v o o vein ChestermereStrathmore i e B d O S r lo Trout è o A S K dv n Langdon r A T C H e i Lake N E W e A N R iver the Lake Winnipeg watershed T

Okotoks

A L Dauphin

R r a G e Lake e e s Ri vièr

High River d D t e M

N M Yorkton A a T O B nig o N I M ot E R M A anigo a S a s u t g R i v i è r e k a Dauphin ag a i t c r n n S v a h e t n e k a R i w iv Brooks a i e è a n r l b r n L u n L R e fe a e ie a Melville c S S Lake D k Q u ’ A p p e l l e O B e u R o i v R C w d e r i v lish Claresholm iè ng H ère Lake / Lac W E R i r Lookout to introduce the concept of e eg v Q p i

i u i i Sioux n v r

E S R ’ A p n e p n n

o e l l e Manitoba i

i u r

p e

U Moose v

t

i REGINA e W

h s v a i e

S k g R R S r Jaw

a R Swift Current O i

t a n I v c

Fort Macleod e w Redcliff i h

E R è

A r

Medicine T e Coaldale S Selkirk N Stonewall O Dryden Hat E Neepawa Lethbridge Taber Beausejour n g Pincher Creek li s Portage Oakbank Kenora h la Prairie G reater Winn WINNIPEG ip g Wate A e r D q ueduc de d is is utio tr i ued uct Brandon mét t rib n ct a q watersheds as geographical Virden R e ro tain d’ i n p li e e i i b o o d au é n Lake of the Cardston v s s i n e W de l a r g io i A i n è e r nip eg Weyburn r e Woods v i Steinbach M R O NT Carman s ANA i s n e r d S e i S u e i è re o Lac r i v

o R R u S R e r e i v i i n Atikokan s e Morden des Bois e R r S iv è e i Winkler r Altona Estevan v R i C A N A D A a boundaries (think ecozones R Roseau i n y Fort Frances International Falls . / É - U R e U . S . A iver / R lui iv P i è re à la A S O T T H I N N E N O R Grafton M Upper Red Ely Lake Rugby or political borders) to Minot Thief River Falls Lower O T A Red Lake D A K Devils Lake East Grand Forks

Grand Forks Crookston

R

i

v

i

è

r

e

students in Canada and the R o

u

g

e

Dilworth Detroit Lakes Valley City FARGO Moorhead

Perham United States. Barnesville Fergus Falls Wahpeton Breckenridge

LAND COVER / WATER FEATURES / POPULATED PLACES** / COUVERTURE TERRESTRE ASPECTS DE L’EAU LIEUX PEUPLÉS**

Cropland / Grassland >99 999 Terres cultivées/prairies Major drainage basin Bassin versant principal 25 000 - 99 999 Forest Forêts 2 500 - 24 999 These three rivers make up on impacts these species may have, Internal drainage basin Wetland Bassin versant interne PROVINCIAL CAPITAL Terres humides CAPITALE PROVINCIALE Bare rock Non-contributing area First Nations reserve average more than 60 per cent of the they could alter ecological relation- Roches nues Bassin hydrographique fermé Réserve des Premières Nations Snow and ice Neige et glace Highway / Autoroute Ferry / Voie ferrée total river flow into the lake. Only ships among native species, affect Primary road / Route principale Railway line / Traversier Lake Lac Secondary road / Route secondaire

Major Canadian reservoir* one river flows out of Lake Winnipeg, ecosystem health and function, the Réservoir canadien principal* Aqueduct Aqueduc the Nelson River, which drains into economic value of ecosystems, and Non-hydro dam Barrage non hydroélectrique Less water FLOW VOLUME*** More water Hydroelectric dam Moins d’eau VOLUME DU DÉBIT*** Plus d’eau Barrage hydroélectrique Hudson Bay. human health.

*Only major reservoirs, as described in the Global Forest Watch Dams and ***Flow volume was calculated from available monthly HYDAT station data averaged for the years 2000 to 2015. The line Reservoirs data set are shown. U.S. reservoirs are not shown. Some lakes thickness is scaled relative to the flow volume downstream of each HYDAT station. controlled by dams. (e.g. Lake Winnipeg) are not shown as reservoirs. ***Le volume du débit a été calculé à partir des données mensuelles disponibles de la station HYDAT, obtenues en moyenne pour les *Seuls les réservoirs principaux, tels que décrits dans les données de Dams and années entre 2000 et 2015. L’épaisseur de la ligne est proportionnée en fonction du volume du débit en aval de chaque station HYDAT. Reservoirs de Global Forest Watch, sont montrés. Les réservoirs des États-Unis ne sont **Canadian population based on 2006 Census. U.S. population based on 2010 Census. pas illustrés. Certains lacs, sous le contrôle d’un barrage (exemple, le lac Winnipeg), ne sont pas montrés comme des réservoirs. ** Population canadienne, basée sur le recensement de 2006. La population des États-Unis, basée sur le recensement de 2010. Lake Winnipeg is shallow relative to other large lakes. On average, the O = Observe LAKE WINNIPEG is the 10th largest lake is about 12 metres deep and, lake in the world by surface area and with its many bays, harbours and one of the largest watersheds in the points, the shoreline of the lake is P = Participate world. It emcompasses parts of four about 1,750 kilometres long. provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, E = Experience Manitoba, Ontario) and four U.S. Lake Winnipeg is suffering from states (Montana, North Dakota, Min- many environmental issues such nesota, South Dakota). The watershed as an explosion of algae, caused by N = Network is nearly 1,000,000 km2 in size and is excessive amounts of phosphorus home to more than 7 million people. seeping into the lake. In 2013, the Global Nature Fund declared Lake Lake Winnipeg is the last remains of Winnipeg as the “most threatened glacial Lake Agassiz and has several lake of the year”. Six aquatic invasive rivers flowing into it, including the species are found in Lake Winnipeg. Red, Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan. Although it is difficult to predict what IN THE CLASSROOM HUDSON BAY BAIE D'HUDSON Engage your students with the OPEN Water LAKE WINNIPEG WATERSHED Project by using the Lake Winnipeg Watershed tiled map in your classroom.

BASSIN VERSANT DU LAC WINNIPEG The map is accessible at cangeoeducation.ca and a version is available in the April 2016 Canadian Geographic issue.

OPEN OPEN WHAT IS WHERE, WHY • WAWHATTER IS WHERE? Locate and indi- • WAWHYTER THERE? Analyze the physical cate your community on the map. and human processes that link the THERE, WHY CARE? What rivers/waterways link it to Lake seven million people who live in the At its most basic, geography seeks to Winnipeg. watershed. answer three questions: OPEN WATER OPEN • WHY THERE? Explore the effect of • WAWHYTER CARE? Using the news media, glaciation on the Lake Winnipeg investigate current citizen-led initia- watershed. tives focussed on the Lake Winnipeg WHAT IS WHERE? watershed. OPEN Spatial context; location • WAWHYTER CARE? Define citizen action. OPEN Apply it to the environmental issues • WAWHYTER CARE? Connect human settle- WHY THERE? Connections; pertaining to the Lake Winnipeg ment patterns and land use to envi- interrelationships; processes watershed. ronmental concerns in the watershed.

OPEN WAWHATTER IS WHERE? Using the map WHY CARE? scale and key, write a paragraph Importance; action; reaction describing your community’s location in relation to Lake Winnipeg.

WATERSHED VOCABULARY

Algae: Any one of various aquatic Invasive species: A species that Water pollution: The addition plants without true stems, roots, and does not naturally occur in a specific of harmful material to water leaves - but containing chlorophyll. area and whose introduction does in concentrations or sufficient or is likely to cause economic or quantities that adversely affect its Citizen action: People of the environmental harm or harm to usefulness or quality. community doing something about human health. a problem, problems, or needs they Water quality: A rating given to a identify in their community. Velocity (as it relates to stream flow): body of water based on the diversity The speed of the water’s downstream of life that can live there. Flood control: Act or technique of movement, which varies depending trying to control rivers with dams to on the slope of the land and corre- Watershed: The land area from which minimize occurrence of floods. sponding streambed. surface runoff drains into a stream channel, lake, reservoir or other body Ground water: Water under the surface Water monitoring: Periodic scientific of water, also called a drainage basin. of the earth that feeds springs and wells. tests conducted on a body of water or waterway, to determine its water quality. Wetlands: A low lying area of land Runoff: When water runs off of a that is saturated with moisture. sloped surface.